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Hazell AS. Stem Cell Therapy and Thiamine Deficiency-Induced Brain Damage. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:1450-1467. [PMID: 38720090 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-024-04137-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) is a major central nervous system disorder resulting from thiamine deficiency (TD) in which a number of brain regions can develop serious damage including the thalamus and inferior colliculus. Despite decades of research into the pathophysiology of TD and potential therapeutic interventions, little progress has been made regarding effective treatment following the development of brain lesions and its associated cognitive issues. Recent developments in our understanding of stem cells suggest they are capable of repairing damage and improving function in different maladys. This article puts forward the case for the potential use of stem cell treatment as a therapeutic strategy in WE by first examining the effects of TD on brain functional integrity and its consequences. The second half of the paper will address the future benefits of treating TD with these cells by focusing on their nature and their potential to effectively treat neurodegenerative diseases that share some overlapping pathophysiological features with TD. At the same time, some of the obstacles these cells will have to overcome in order to become a viable therapeutic strategy for treating this potentially life-threatening illness in humans will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan S Hazell
- Department of Medicine, University of Montreal, 2335 Bennett Avenue, Montreal, QC, H1V 2T6, Canada.
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2
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Huang KJ, Feng L, Wu P, Liu Y, Zhang L, Mi HF, Zhou XQ, Jiang WD. Hypoxia leads to gill endoplasmic reticulum stress and disruption of mitochondrial homeostasis in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella): Mitigation effect of thiamine. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 469:134005. [PMID: 38484660 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Hypoxia in water environment is one of the important problems faced by intensive aquaculture. Under hypoxia stress, the effects of dietary thiamine were investigated on grass carp gill tissue damage and their mechanisms. Six thiamine diets with different thiamine levels (0.22, 0.43, 0.73, 1.03, 1.33 and 1.63 mg/kg) were fed grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) for 63 days. Then, 96-hour hypoxia stress test was conducted. This study described that thiamine enhanced the growth performance of adult grass carp and ameliorated nutritional status of thiamine (pyruvic acid, glucose, lactic acid and transketolase). Additionally, thiamine alleviated the deterioration of blood parameters [glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), glucose, cortisol, lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), erythrocyte fragility, and red blood cell count (RBC count)] caused by hypoxia stress, and reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) content and oxidative damage to the gills. In addition, thiamine alleviated endoplasmic reticulum stress in the gills, which may be related to its inhibition of RNA-dependent protein kinase-like ER kinase (PERK)/eukaryotic translation initiation factor-2α (eIF2α)/activating transcription factor4 (ATF4), inositol-requiring enzyme 1 (IRE1)/X-Box binding protein 1 (XBP1) and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6) pathways. Furthermore, thiamine maintaining mitochondrial dynamics balance was probably related to promoting mitochondrial fusion and inhibiting mitochondrial fission, and inhibiting mitophagy may involve PTEN induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)/Parkin-dependent pathway and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-Bcl-2 adenovirus E1B 19 kDa interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) pathway. In summary, thiamine alleviated hypoxia stress in fish gills, which may be related to reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress, regulating mitochondrial dynamics balance and reducing mitophagy. The thiamine requirement for optimum growth [percent weight gain (PWG)] of adult grass carp was estimated to be 0.81 mg/kg diet. Based on the index of anti-hypoxia stress (ROS content in gill), the thiamine requirement for adult grass carp was estimated to be 1.32 mg/kg diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Jing Huang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Healthy Culture of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Healthy Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Tongwei Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Hai-Feng Mi
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Healthy Culture of Aquatic, Livestock and Poultry, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Healthy Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Tongwei Co., Ltd., Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Xiao-Qiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan 611130, China.
| | - Wei-Dan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan 611130, China.
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3
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Han YH, He XM, Jin MH, Sun HN, Kwon T. Lipophagy: A potential therapeutic target for nonalcoholic and alcoholic fatty liver disease. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 672:36-44. [PMID: 37336123 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets are unique lipid storage organelles in hepatocytes. Lipophagy is a key mechanism of selective degradation of lipid droplets through lysosomes. It plays a crucial role in the prevention of metabolic liver disease, including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic fatty liver disease (AFLD), and is a potential therapeutic target for treating these dysfunctions. In this review, we highlighted recent research and discussed advances in key proteins and molecular mechanisms related to lipophagy in liver disease. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is an inevitable product of metabolism in alcohol-treated or high-fat-treated cells. Under this light, the potential role of ROS in autophagy in lipid droplet removal was initially explored to provide insights into the link between oxidative stress and metabolic liver disease. Subsequently, the current measures and drugs that treat NAFLD and AFLD through lipophagy regulation were summarized. The complexity of molecular mechanisms underlying lipophagy in hepatocytes and the need for further studies for their elucidation, as well as the status and limitations of current therapeutic measures and drugs, were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Hao Han
- College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China.
| | - Xin-Mei He
- College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Mei-Hua Jin
- College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China
| | - Hu-Nan Sun
- College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, China.
| | - Taeho Kwon
- Primate Resources Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Jeonbuk, 56216, Republic of Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Thiamine insufficiency induces Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α as an upstream mediator for neurotoxicity and AD-like pathology. Mol Cell Neurosci 2022; 123:103785. [PMID: 36241022 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2022.103785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Insufficiencies of the micronutrient thiamine (Vitamin B1) have been associated with inducing Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like neuropathology. The hypometabolic state associated with chronic thiamine insufficiency (TI) has been demonstrated to be a contributor towards the development of amyloid plaque deposition and neurotoxicity. However, the molecular mechanism underlying TI induced AD pathology is still unresolved. Previously, we have established that TI stabilizes the metabolic stress transcriptional factor, Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α (HIF1α). Utilizing neuronal hippocampal cells (HT22), TI-induced HIF1α activation triggered the amyloidogenic cascade through transcriptional expression and increased activity of β-secretase (BACE1). Knockdown and pharmacological inhibition of HIF1α during TI significantly reduced BACE1 and C-terminal Fragment of 99 amino acids (C99) formation. TI also increased the expression of the HIF1α regulated pro-apoptotic protein, BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein (BNIP3). Correspondingly, cell toxicity during TI conditions was significantly reduced with HIF1α and BNIP3 knockdown. The role of BNIP3 in TI-mediated toxicity was further highlighted by localization of dimeric BNIP3 into the mitochondria and nuclear accumulation of Endonuclease G. Subsequently, TI decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and enhanced chromatin fragmentation. However, cell toxicity via the HIF1α/BNIP3 cascade required TI induced oxidative stress. HIF1α, BACE1 and BNIP3 expression was induced in 3xTg-AD mice after TI and administration with the HIF1α inhibitor YC1 significantly attenuated HIF1α and target genes levels in vivo. Overall, these findings demonstrate a critical stress response during TI involving the induction of HIF1α transcriptional activity that directly promotes neurotoxicity and AD-like pathology.
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Zhang G, Mou Z, Wang H, Liu H. Comprehensive proteomic analysis of the main liver
and attached liver of <i>Glyptosternum maculatum</i> on the basis
of data-independent mass spectrometry acquisition. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL AND FEED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.22358/jafs/154070/2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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6
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Thiamine as a Possible Neuroprotective Strategy in Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:antiox11010042. [PMID: 35052546 PMCID: PMC8772822 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
On the basis that similar biochemical and histological sequences of events occur in the brain during thiamine deficiency and hypoxia/ischemia related brain damage, we have planned this review to discuss the possible therapeutic role of thiamine and its derivatives in the management of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). Among the many benefits, thiamine per se as antioxidant, given intravenously (IV) at high doses, defined as dosage greater than 100 mg IV daily, should counteract the damaging effects of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in the brain, including the reaction of peroxynitrite with the tyrosine residues of the major enzymes involved in intracellular glucose metabolism, which plays a key pathophysiological role in HIE in neonates. Accordingly, it is conceivable that, in neonatal HIE, the blockade of intracellular progressive oxidative stress and the rescue of mitochondrial function mediated by thiamine and its derivatives can lead to a definite neuroprotective effect. Because therapeutic hypothermia and thiamine may both act on the latent period of HIE damage, a synergistic effect of these therapeutic strategies is likely. Thiamine treatment may be especially important in mild HIE and in areas of the world where there is limited access to expensive hypothermia equipment.
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Vitamin C and thiamine levels in patients presenting with acute neurologic syndromes. Am J Med Sci 2021; 362:621-623. [PMID: 34119516 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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8
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Park JM, Ghosh S, O'Connor TJ. Combinatorial selection in amoebal hosts drives the evolution of the human pathogen Legionella pneumophila. Nat Microbiol 2020; 5:599-609. [PMID: 31988381 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-019-0663-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Virulence mechanisms typically evolve through the continual interaction of a pathogen with its host. In contrast, it is poorly understood how environmentally acquired pathogens are able to cause disease without prior interaction with humans. Here, we provide experimental evidence for the model that Legionella pathogenesis in humans results from the cumulative selective pressures of multiple amoebal hosts in the environment. Using transposon sequencing, we identify Legionella pneumophila genes required for growth in four diverse amoebae, defining universal virulence factors commonly required in all host cell types and amoeba-specific auxiliary genes that determine host range. By comparing genes that promote growth in amoebae and macrophages, we show that adaptation of L. pneumophila to each amoeba causes the accumulation of distinct virulence genes that collectively allow replication in macrophages and, in some cases, leads to redundancy in this host cell type. In contrast, some bacterial proteins that promote replication in amoebae restrict growth in macrophages. Thus, amoebae-imposed selection is a double-edged sword, having both positive and negative impacts on disease. Comparing the genome composition and host range of multiple Legionella species, we demonstrate that their distinct evolutionary trajectories in the environment have led to the convergent evolution of compensatory virulence mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason M Park
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Soma Ghosh
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Tamara J O'Connor
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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9
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Vetrovoy O, Sarieva K, Lomert E, Nimiritsky P, Eschenko N, Galkina O, Lyanguzov A, Tyulkova E, Rybnikova E. Pharmacological HIF1 Inhibition Eliminates Downregulation of the Pentose Phosphate Pathway and Prevents Neuronal Apoptosis in Rat Hippocampus Caused by Severe Hypoxia. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 70:635-646. [PMID: 31865524 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-019-01469-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) of glucose metabolism in the brain serves as a primary source of NADPH which in turn plays a crucial role in multiple cellular processes, including maintenance of redox homeostasis and antioxidant defense. In our model of protective mild hypobaric hypoxia in rats (3MHH), an inverse correlation between hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF1) activity and mRNA levels of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), the key enzyme of PPP, was observed. In the present study, it was demonstrated that severe hypobaric hypoxia (SH) induced short-term upregulation of HIF1 alpha-subunit (HIF1α) in the hippocampal CA1 subfield and decreased the activity of G6PD. The levels of NADPH were also reduced, promoting oxidative stress, triggering apoptosis, and neuronal loss. Injection of a HIF1 inhibitor (HIF1i), topotecan hydrochloride (5 mg/kg, i.p.), before SH prevented the upregulation of HIF1α and normalized G6PD activity. In addition, HIF1i injection caused an increase in NADPH levels, normalization of total glutathione levels and of the cellular redox status as well as suppression of free-radical and apoptotic processes. These results demonstrate a new molecular mechanism of post-hypoxic cerebral pathology development which involves HIF1-dependent PPP depletion and support a recently suggested injurious role of HIF1 activation in the acute phase of cerebral hypoxia/ischemia. Application of PPP stimulators in early post-hypoxic/ischemic period might represent a promising neuroprotective strategy. Graphical abstract HIF1-dependent down-regulation of the pentose phosphate pathway contributes to the hypoxia-induced oxidative stress and neuronal apoptosis in the rat hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleg Vetrovoy
- Laboratory of Regulation of Brain Neuron Functions, Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Makarova emb. 6, 199034, Saint Petersburg, Russia. .,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya emb. 7-9, 199034, Saint Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Kseniia Sarieva
- Laboratory of Regulation of Brain Neuron Functions, Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Makarova emb. 6, 199034, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Lomert
- Laboratory of Cell Biology in Culture, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tihoretsky pr. 4, 194064, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Peter Nimiritsky
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Medical Research and Education Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lomonosov Ave. 27-10, 119192, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Medicine, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Lomonosov Ave. 31-5, 119192, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalia Eschenko
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya emb. 7-9, 199034, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Olga Galkina
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya emb. 7-9, 199034, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Andrey Lyanguzov
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya emb. 7-9, 199034, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Tyulkova
- Laboratory of Regulation of Brain Neuron Functions, Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Makarova emb. 6, 199034, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena Rybnikova
- Laboratory of Regulation of Brain Neuron Functions, Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Makarova emb. 6, 199034, Saint Petersburg, Russia
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10
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Jonus HC, Byrnes CC, Kim J, Valle ML, Bartlett MG, Said HM, Zastre JA. Thiamine mimetics sulbutiamine and benfotiamine as a nutraceutical approach to anticancer therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 121:109648. [PMID: 31810115 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Malignant cells frequently demonstrate an oncogenic-driven reliance on glycolytic metabolism to support their highly proliferative nature. Overexpression of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDK) may promote this unique metabolic signature of tumor cells by inhibiting mitochondrial function. PDKs function to phosphorylate and inhibit pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity. Silencing of PDK expression has previously been shown to restore mitochondrial function and reduce tumor cell proliferation. High dose Vitamin B1, or thiamine, possesses antitumor properties related to its capacity to reduce PDH phosphorylation and promote its enzymatic activity, presumably through PDK inhibition. Though a promising nutraceutical approach for cancer therapy, thiamine's low bioavailability may limit clinical effectiveness. Here, we have demonstrated exploiting the commercially available lipophilic thiamine analogs sulbutiamine and benfotiamine increases thiamine's anti-cancer effect in vitro. Determined by crystal violet proliferation assays, both sulbutiamine and benfotiamine reduced thiamine's millimolar IC50 value to micromolar equivalents. HPLC analysis revealed that sulbutiamine and benfotiamine significantly increased intracellular thiamine and TPP concentrations in vitro, corresponding with reduced levels of PDH phosphorylation. Through an ex vitro kinase screen, thiamine's activated cofactor form thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) was found to inhibit the function of multiple PDK isoforms. Attempts to maximize intracellular TPP by exploiting thiamine homeostasis gene expression resulted in enhanced apoptosis in tumor cells. Based on our in vitro evaluations, we conclude that TPP serves as the active species mediating thiamine's inhibitory effect on tumor cell proliferation. Pharmacologic administration of benfotiamine, but not sulbutiamine, reduced tumor growth in a subcutaneous xenograft mouse model. It remains unclear if benfotiamine's effects in vivo are associated with PDK inhibition or through an alternative mechanism of action. Future work will aim to define the action of lipophilic thiamine mimetics in vivo in order to translate their clinical usefulness as anticancer strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hunter C Jonus
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Charnel C Byrnes
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Jaeah Kim
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Maria L Valle
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Michael G Bartlett
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Hamid M Said
- Departments of Medicine, Physiology and Biophysics, University of California, Irvine, CA, United States; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Long Beach, CA, United States
| | - Jason A Zastre
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States.
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11
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Kunimi H, Miwa Y, Katada Y, Tsubota K, Kurihara T. HIF inhibitor topotecan has a neuroprotective effect in a murine retinal ischemia-reperfusion model. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7849. [PMID: 31592359 PMCID: PMC6779112 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The therapeutic approach for retinal ganglion cell (RGC) degeneration has not been fully established. Recently, it has been reported that hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) may be involved with retinal neurodegeneration. In this study, we investigated neuroprotective effects of a HIF inhibitor against RGC degeneration induced in a murine model of retinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R). Methods Eight-weeks-old male C57/BL6J mice were treated with intraperitoneal injection of a HIF inhibitor topotecan (1.25 mg/kg) for 14 days followed by a retinal I/R procedure. Seven days after the I/R injury, the therapeutic effect was evaluated histologically and electrophysiologically. Results The increase of HIF-1α expression and the decrease of retinal thickness and RGC number in I/R were significantly suppressed by administration of topotecan. Impaired visual function in I/R was improved by topotecan evaluated with electroretinogram and visual evoked potentials. Conclusions Topotecan administration suppressed HIF-1a expression and improved RGC survival resulting in a functional protection against retinal I/R. These data indicated that the HIF inhibitor topotecan may have therapeutic potentials for RGC degeneration induced with retinal ischemia or high intraocular pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromitsu Kunimi
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Photobiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Miwa
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Photobiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusaku Katada
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Photobiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Tsubota
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshihide Kurihara
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan.,Laboratory of Photobiology, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Giarma E, Mpampali Z, Lialiaris T, Mourelatos D. Cytoprotective and genotoxic effects of vitamins K1 and B1 on irinotecan in vitro. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2019; 837:60-64. [PMID: 30595211 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cultured human lymphocytes were treated with vitamins K1 and B1, potential anticancer agents, either alone or in combination with irinotecan, a semisynthetic analogue of camptothecin. The frequency of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) was measured as an indicator of genotoxicity and the proliferation rate index (PRI) and mitotic index (MI) was measured as indicators of cytostatic effect. Vitamin K1 alone did not induce SCEs at the concentrations tested and combined with irinotecan does not increase SCE rates induced by irinotecan alone. Vitamin B1 significantly increased SCEs and, in combination with irinotecan, increased rates further (p < 0.05). Vitamin K1 decreased PRI and MI in combination with irinotecan, there were further increases in MI. At a low concentration, vitamin B1 reduced the levels of SCE and increased PRI induced by irinotecan. The use of these vitamins in combination with antitumor agents might reduce clinical side effects of the antineoplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Giarma
- Laboratory of Genetics, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece
| | - Zoi Mpampali
- Laboratory of Genetics, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece
| | - Th Lialiaris
- Laboratory of Genetics, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis 68100, Greece
| | - D Mourelatos
- Lab. of Med. Biol. and Genetics, Medical Faculty, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece.
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13
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Wang K, Ding R, Ha Y, Jia Y, Liao X, Wang S, Li R, Shen Z, Xiong H, Guo J, Jie W. Hypoxia-stressed cardiomyocytes promote early cardiac differentiation of cardiac stem cells through HIF-1 α/Jagged1/Notch1 signaling. Acta Pharm Sin B 2018; 8:795-804. [PMID: 30245966 PMCID: PMC6148082 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is beneficial for the differentiation of stem cells transplanted for myocardial injury, but mechanisms underlying this benefit remain unsolved. Here, we report the impact of hypoxia-induced Jagged1 expression in cardiomyocytes (CMs) for driving the differentiation of cardiac stem cells (CSCs). Forced hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) expression and physical hypoxia (5% O2) treatment could induce Jagged1 expression in neonatal rat CMs. Pharmacological inhibition of HIF-1α by YC-1 attenuated hypoxia-promoted Jagged1 expression in CMs. An ERK inhibitor (PD98059), but not inhibitors of JNK (SP600125), Notch (DAPT), NF-κB (PTDC), JAK (AG490), or STAT3 (Stattic) suppressed hypoxia-induced Jagged1 protein expression in CMs. c-Kit+ CSCs isolated from neonatal rat hearts using a magnetic-activated cell sorting method expressed GATA4, SM22α or vWF, but not Nkx2.5 and cTnI. Moreover, 87.3% of freshly isolated CSCs displayed Notch1 receptor expression. Direct co-culture of CMs with BrdU-labeled CSCs enhanced CSCs differentiation, as evidenced by an increased number of BrdU+/Nkx2.5+ cells, while intermittent hypoxia for 21 days promoted co-culture-triggered differentiation of CSCs into CM-like cells. Notably, YC-1 and DAPT attenuated hypoxia-induced differentiation. Our results suggest that hypoxia induces Jagged1 expression in CMs primarily through ERK signaling, and facilitates early cardiac lineage differentiation of CSCs in CM/CSC co-cultures via HIF-1α/Jagged1/Notch signaling.
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Key Words
- BMSCs, bone marrow stem cells
- BrdU, 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine
- CMs, cardiomyocytes
- CSCs, cardiac stem cells
- Cardiac stem cell
- Cardiomyocyte, Co-culture
- Cell differentiation
- DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- FITC, fluorescein isothiocyanate
- GFP, green fluorescent protein
- HIF-1α, hypoxia-inducible factor 1α
- HRE, hypoxia responsive element
- Hypoxia
- JAK, Janus kinase
- JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase
- MACS, magnetic-activated cell sorting
- MI, myocardial infarction
- MOI, multiplicity of infection
- N-ICD, notch intracellular domain
- NF-κB, nuclear factor κB
- Notch1 signaling
- PBS, phosphate buffer saline
- PE, phycoerythrin
- RT-PCR, reverse transcription PCR
- STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
- YC-1, 3-(5′-hydroxymethyl-2′-furyl)-1-benzyl-indazole
- qPCR, quantitative PCR
- vWF, von Willebrand factor
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14
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Investigating owner use of dietary supplements in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy. Res Vet Sci 2018; 119:276-284. [PMID: 30064067 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Epilepsy is the most common chronic neurological disorder in dogs. Some diets have been shown to have a positive impact upon the seizure activity in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy (IE), while other diets and dietary supplements (DS), although marketed as providing health benefits, lack conclusive scientific evidence on their actual beneficial effects. A web-based owner questionnaire was designed to assess how and why owners of dogs with IE use different dietary regimes and DS. The study cohort, with 297 valid responses, consisted mainly of pure-breed (82.5%) male neutered (52.9%) dogs. Over two-thirds of owners (67.7%) changed their dog's diet after their dog received a diagnosis of IE. Nearly half of the owners (45.8%) reported giving DS, the most common being coconut oil or derived medium-chain triglyceride oil (71.3%). Some owner justifications of DS use included improvement of seizure frequency (88.2%), seizure severity (61.8%) and protection from potential drug side effects (62.5%). Many owners give DS to their dog with IE. The pharmacokinetic properties of anti-epileptic drugs, such as efficacy, absorption and clearance can be influenced by other medications, diets and possibly by DS. We propose that use of DS should be considered and monitored by veterinary surgeons in epilepsy management.
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15
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Zera K, Zastre J. Stabilization of the hypoxia-inducible transcription Factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) in thiamine deficiency is mediated by pyruvate accumulation. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2018; 355:180-188. [PMID: 30008376 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin B1, or thiamine is a critical enzyme cofactor required for metabolic function and energy production. Thiamine deficiency (TD) is common in various diseases, and results in severe neurological complications due to diminished mitochondrial function, oxidative stress, excitotoxicity and inflammation. These pathological sequelae result in apoptotic cell death in both neurons and astrocytes in distinct regions, in particular the thalamus and mammillary bodies. Comparable histological injuries in patients with hypoxia/ischemia (H/I) have also been described, suggesting a congruency between the cellular responses to these stresses. Analogous to H/I, TD stabilizes and activates Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α (HIF-1α) even without changes in physiological oxygen levels. However, the mechanism of HIF-1α stabilization in TD is currently unknown. Using a pyruvate assay, we have demonstrated that TD induces pyruvate accumulation in mouse primary astrocytes which correlates to an increase in HIF-1α expression. Additionally, we utilized an enzymatic assay for pyruvate dehydrogenase to demonstrate a reduction in catalytic activity during TD due to lack of available thiamine pyrophosphate cofactor, resulting in the observed pyruvate accumulation. Finally, a pyruvate kinase inhibitor which limited pyruvate accumulation was utilized to demonstrate the role of pyruvate accumulation in HIF-1α stabilization during TD. These results reveal that stabilization of HIF-1α protein in TD centralizes on pyruvate accumulation in mouse primary astrocytes due to metabolic disruption of PDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy Zera
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens 30602, Georgia
| | - Jason Zastre
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Georgia, Athens 30602, Georgia.
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