1
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Oliveira HFM, Freire-Jr GB, Silva DC, Mata VA, Abra FD, Camargo NFD, Araujo Goebel LG, Longo GR, Silva JM, Colli GR, Domingos FMCB. Barcoding Brazilian mammals to monitor biological diversity and threats: Trends, perspectives, and knowledge gaps. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 258:119374. [PMID: 38885824 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
DNA barcoding and environmental DNA (eDNA) represent significant advances for biomonitoring the world's biodiversity and its threats. However, these methods are highly dependent on the presence of species sequences on molecular databases. Brazil is one of the world's largest and most biologically diverse countries. However, many knowledge gaps still exist for describing, identifying, and monitoring of mammalian biodiversity using molecular methods. We aimed to unravel the patterns of the presence of Brazilian mammal species on molecular databases to improve our understanding of how effectively it would be to monitor them using DNA barcoding and environmental DNA, and contribute to mammalian conservation. We foundt many gaps in molecular databases, with many taxa being poorly represented, particularly from Amazonia, the order Lagomorpha, and arboreal, gomivorous, near extinct, and illegally traded species. Moreover, our analyses revealed that species description year was the most important factor determining the probability of a species to being sequenced. Primates are the group with the highest number of species considered a priority for sequencing due to their high level of combined threats. We highlight where investments are needed to fill knowledge gaps and increase the representativity of species on molecular databases to enable a better monitoring ability of Brazilian mammals encompassing different traits using DNA barcoding and environmental DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernani Fernandes Magalhães Oliveira
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná - UFPR, Curitiba, Brazil; Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade de Brasília - UnB, Brasília, Brazil; Knowledge Center for Biodiversity, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270-901, Brazil.
| | - Geraldo Brito Freire-Jr
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade de Brasília - UnB, Brasília, Brazil; Department of Biology, University of Nevada - UNR, Reno, USA
| | - Daiana Cardoso Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso - UNEMAT, Nova Xavantina, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Alves Mata
- CIBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, InBIO Laboratório Associado, Campus de Vairão, Universidade do Porto, Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal; BIOPOLIS Program in Genomics, Biodiversity and Land Planning, CIBIO, Campus de Vairão, Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Delborgo Abra
- Smithsonian National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute-Center for Conservation and Sustainability, Washington, DC, USA; ViaFAUNA Estudos Ambientais, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Instituto Pró-Carnívoros, Atibaia, SP, Brazil
| | | | - L G Araujo Goebel
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso - UNEMAT, Cáceres, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Rodrigues Longo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ensino de Ciências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul - UFMS, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | - Joaquim Manoel Silva
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso - UNEMAT, Nova Xavantina, Brazil
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Hendy A, Fé NF, Pedrosa I, Girão A, dos Santos TNF, Mendonça CR, Andes Júnior JT, Assunção FP, Costa ER, Sluydts V, Gordo M, Scarpassa VM, Buenemann M, de Lacerda MVG, Mourão MPG, Vasilakis N, Hanley KA. Forest edge landscape context affects mosquito community composition and risk of pathogen emergence. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.30.591911. [PMID: 38746412 PMCID: PMC11092638 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.30.591911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Forest edges, where humans, mosquitoes, and wildlife interact, may serve as a nexus for zoonotic arbovirus exchange. Although often treated as uniform interfaces, the landscape context of edge habitats can greatly impact ecological interactions. Here, we investigated how the landscape context of forest edges shapes mosquito community structure in an Amazon rainforest reserve near the city of Manaus, Brazil, using hand-nets to sample mosquitoes at three distinct forest edge types. Sampling sites were situated at edges bordering urban land cover, rural land cover, and natural treefall gaps, while sites in continuous forest served as controls. Community composition differed substantially among edge types, with rural edges supporting the highest species diversity. Rural edges also provided suitable habitat for forest specialists, including key sylvatic vectors, of which Haemagogus janthinomys was the most abundant species sampled overall. Our findings emphasize the importance of landscape context in assessing pathogen emergence risk at forest edges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Hendy
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA
| | - Nelson Ferreira Fé
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Igor Pedrosa
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - André Girão
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | - Claudia Reis Mendonça
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Edson Rodrigues Costa
- Laboratório de Biologia da Conservação, Projeto Sauim-de-Coleira, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Vincent Sluydts
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Evolutionary Ecology Group, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Marcelo Gordo
- Laboratório de Biologia da Conservação, Projeto Sauim-de-Coleira, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Vera Margarete Scarpassa
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Michaela Buenemann
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA
| | - Marcus Vinícius Guimarães de Lacerda
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado (FMT-HVD), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Instituto Leônidas & Maria Deane (Fiocruz - Amazônia), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | | | - Nikos Vasilakis
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Center for Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
- Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Kathryn A. Hanley
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA
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3
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de Oliveira GL, Viana‐Junior AB, Trindade PHS, dos Santos IR, de Almeida‐Maués PCR, Carvalho FG, Silva DP, Wiig Ø, Sena L, Mendes‐Oliveira AC. Wild canids and the ecological traps facing the climate change and deforestation in the Amazon Forest. Ecol Evol 2023; 13:e10150. [PMID: 37304361 PMCID: PMC10251424 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.10150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ecological traps occur when species choose to settle in lower-quality habitats, even if this reduces their survival or productivity. This happens in situations of drastic environmental changes, resulting from anthropogenic pressures. In long term, this could mean the extinction of the species. We investigated the dynamics of occurrence and distribution of three canid species (Atelocynus microtis, Cerdocyon thous, and Spheotos venaticus) considering human threats to their habitats in the Amazon Rainforest. We analyzed the environmental thresholds for the occurrence of these species and related to the future projections of climatic niches for each one. All three species will be negatively affected by climate change in the future, with losses of up to 91% of the suitable area of occurrence in the Brazilian Amazon. A. microtis appear to be more forest-dependent and must rely on the goodwill of decision-makers to be maintained in the future. For C. thous and S. venaticus, climatic variables and those associated with anthropogenic disturbances that modulate their niches today may not act the same way in the future. Even though C. thous is least dependent on the Amazon Forest; this species may be affected in the future due to the ecological traps. S. venaticus, can also undergo the same process, but perhaps more drastically due to the lower ecological plasticity of this species compared to C. thous. Our results suggest that the ecological traps may put these two species at risk in the future. Using the canid species as a model, we had the opportunity to investigate these ecological effects that can affect a large part of the Amazonian fauna in the current scenario. Considering the high degree of environmental degradation and deforestation in the Amazon Rainforest, the theory of ecological traps must be discussed at the same level as the habitat loss, considering the strategies for preserving the Amazon biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geovana Linhares de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Zoologia de Vertebrados – LABEV, Instituto de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Federal do ParáBelémParáBrazil
| | - Arleu Barbosa Viana‐Junior
- Programa de Pós‐Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Universidade Estadual da Paraíba – UEPBCampina Grande – PBBrazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Santos Trindade
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Zoologia de Vertebrados – LABEV, Instituto de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Federal do ParáBelémParáBrazil
| | - Iara Ramos dos Santos
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Zoologia de Vertebrados – LABEV, Instituto de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Federal do ParáBelémParáBrazil
- Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade – CEABIO, Parque Tecnológico do GuamáUniversidade Federal do ParáBelémParáBrazil
| | - Paula Cristina R. de Almeida‐Maués
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Zoologia de Vertebrados – LABEV, Instituto de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Federal do ParáBelémParáBrazil
- Unama Parque ShoppingBelémParáBrazil
| | - Fernando Geraldo Carvalho
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação – LABECO, Instituto de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Federal do ParáBelémParáBrazil
| | - Daniel Paiva Silva
- COBIMA Lab, Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto Federal Goiano, Rodovia Geraldo Silva NascimentoUrutaíGoiásBrazil
| | - Øystein Wiig
- Natural History MuseumUniversity of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Leonardo Sena
- Centro de Estudos Avançados da Biodiversidade – CEABIO, Parque Tecnológico do GuamáUniversidade Federal do ParáBelémParáBrazil
| | - Ana Cristina Mendes‐Oliveira
- Laboratório de Ecologia e Zoologia de Vertebrados – LABEV, Instituto de Ciências BiológicasUniversidade Federal do ParáBelémParáBrazil
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4
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Hendry A, Amir Z, Decoeur H, Mendes CP, Moore JH, Sovie A, Luskin MS. Marbled cats in Southeast Asia: Are diurnal and semi‐arboreal felids at greater risk from human disturbances? Ecosphere 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hendry
- School of Biological Sciences University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Zachary Amir
- School of Biological Sciences University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Henri Decoeur
- School of Biological Sciences University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Calebe Pereira Mendes
- School of Biological Sciences University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Jonathan H. Moore
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen China
- School of Environmental Sciences University of East Anglia Norwich UK
| | - Adia Sovie
- School of Biological Sciences University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Matthew Scott Luskin
- School of Biological Sciences University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
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5
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Ponce-Martins M, Manos Lopes CK, Alves Ribeiro de Carvalho-Jr E, dos Reis Castro FM, de Paula MJ, Brito Pezzuti JC. Assessing the contribution of local experts in monitoring Neotropical vertebrates with camera traps, linear transects and track and sign surveys in the Amazon. Perspect Ecol Conserv 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pecon.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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6
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Fox-Rosales LA, de Oliveira TG. Habitat use patterns and conservation of small carnivores in a human-dominated landscape of the semiarid Caatinga in Brazil. Mamm Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s42991-022-00245-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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7
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Almeida-Maués PCR, Bueno AS, Palmeirim AF, Peres CA, Mendes-Oliveira AC. Assessing assemblage-wide mammal responses to different types of habitat modification in Amazonian forests. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1797. [PMID: 35110574 PMCID: PMC8810785 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05450-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Tropical forests are being heavily modified by varying intensities of land use ranging from structural degradation to complete conversion. While ecological responses of vertebrate assemblages to habitat modification are variable, such understanding is critical to appropriate conservation planning of anthropogenic landscapes. We assessed the responses of medium/large-bodied mammal assemblages to the ecological impacts of reduced impact logging, secondary regrowth, and eucalyptus and oil palm plantations in Eastern Brazilian Amazonia. We used within-landscape paired baseline-treatment comparisons to examine the impact of different types of habitat modification in relation to adjacent primary forest. We examined assemblage-wide metrics including the total number of species, number of primary forest species retained in modified habitats, abundance, species composition, and community integrity. We ranked all types of habitat modification along a gradient of assemblage-wide impact intensity, with oil palm and eucalyptus plantations exerting the greatest impact, followed by secondary regrowth, and selectively logging. Selectively-logged and secondary forests did not experience discernible biodiversity loss, except for the total number of primary forest species retained. Secondary forests further experienced pronounced species turnover, with loss of community integrity. Considering the biodiversity retention capacity of anthropogenic habitats, this study reinforces the landscape-scale importance of setting aside large preserved areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula C R Almeida-Maués
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - LABEV, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil.,Faculdade Estácio de Castanhal, Castanhal, PA, Brazil.,Unama Parque Shopping, Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Anderson S Bueno
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Farroupilha, Júlio de Castilhos, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Filipa Palmeirim
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, UK.,CIBIO-InBIO, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Carlos A Peres
- School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, UK
| | - Ana Cristina Mendes-Oliveira
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - LABEV, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil. .,School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, UK.
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8
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Pinho SRC, Rodríguez-Málaga S, Lozano-Osorio R, Correa FS, Silva IB, Santos-Costa MC. Effects of the habitat on anuran blood parasites in the Eastern Brazilian Amazon. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021; 93:e20201703. [PMID: 34909821 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120201703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological interactions play an important role in regulating and maintaining natural populations. Like most interactions, parasitism may be influenced by environmental conditions. Therefore, changes caused by human activity may drastically affect the equilibrium of the assemblages of parasitized organisms (hosts). Herein, we described the composition of hemoparasites of anurans from two distinct environments: forest and oil palm plantations. We identified the most frequent groups of blood parasites, and whether infections differ between habitats (forest and plantation) and between microhabitats (arboreal or terrestrial). We collected 128 anurans, of which 46 (36%) were parasitized by hemoparasites. The genus Trypanosoma spp. was found in 30% (n = 37/128) of the infected anurans in both habitats, recorded mostly in terrestrial anurans in oil palm plantations. Apicomplexa hemoprotozoans were also found in 13% (n=17/128) of the anurans, which mainly were terrestrial species collected in oil palm plantations. There was no difference in parasitism between the two assemblies and between the studied microhabitats. This is the first study that has analyzed the ecological relationship between anurans as hosts and their blood parasites, in a region under intense anthropic pressure, in the Brazilian Amazon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia R C Pinho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Pará e Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Augusto Correia, 1, 66075-110 Belém, PA, Brazil.,Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Ecologia e Zoologia de Vertebrados, Augusto Correia, 1, 66075-110 Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Sérgio Rodríguez-Málaga
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Parasitologia, Augusto Correia, 1, 66075-110 Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Lozano-Osorio
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Pará e Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Augusto Correia, 1, 66075-110 Belém, PA, Brazil.,Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Ecologia e Zoologia de Vertebrados, Augusto Correia, 1, 66075-110 Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Fabrício S Correa
- Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Ecologia e Zoologia de Vertebrados, Augusto Correia, 1, 66075-110 Belém, PA, Brazil.,Secretaria de Estado de Meio Ambiente e Sustentabilidade, Av. Magalhães Barata, 130, 66040-170 Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Iago B Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Pará e Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Augusto Correia, 1, 66075-110 Belém, PA, Brazil.,Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Ecologia e Zoologia de Vertebrados, Augusto Correia, 1, 66075-110 Belém, PA, Brazil
| | - Maria C Santos-Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Pará e Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Augusto Correia, 1, 66075-110 Belém, PA, Brazil.,Universidade Federal do Pará, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Ecologia e Zoologia de Vertebrados, Augusto Correia, 1, 66075-110 Belém, PA, Brazil
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9
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Pardo LE, Edwards W, Campbell MJ, Gómez-Valencia B, Clements GR, Laurance WF. Effects of oil palm and human presence on activity patterns of terrestrial mammals in the Colombian Llanos. Mamm Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42991-021-00153-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe ability of animals to adjust their behaviour can influence how they respond to environmental changes and human presence. We quantified activity patterns of terrestrial mammals in oil palm plantations and native riparian forest in Colombia to determine if species exhibited behavioural changes depending on the type of habitat and the presence of humans. Despite the large sampling effort (12,403 camera-days), we were only able to examine the activity patterns of ten species in riparian forests and seven species in oil palm plantations, with four species (capybara, giant anteater, lesser anteater and common opossum) being represented by enough records (i.e. n > 20) in both oil palm and forest to allow robust comparisons. Only capybaras showed an apparent change in activity patterns between oil palm plantations and riparian forests, shifting from being crepuscular in forest to predominantly nocturnal inside oil palm plantations. Further, capybaras, giant anteaters and white-tailed deer appeared to modify their activities to avoid human presence inside oil palm plantations by increasing nocturnality (temporal overlap $$\widehat{\Delta }$$
Δ
^
ranged from 0.13 to 0.36), whereas jaguarundi had high overlap with human activities [$$\widehat{\Delta }$$
Δ
^
=0.85 (0.61–0.90)]. Species pair-wise analysis within oil palm revealed evidence for temporal segregation between species occupying the same trophic position (e.g. foxes and jaguarundi), whereas some predators and their prey (e.g. ocelots and armadillos) had high overlaps in temporal activity patterns as might be expected. Our findings shed light on the potential behavioural adaptation of mammals to anthropogenic landscapes, a feature not captured in traditional studies that focus on measures such as species richness or abundance.
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Strona
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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11
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Costa HCM, Benchimol M, Peres CA. Wild ungulate responses to anthropogenic land use: a comparative Pantropical analysis. Mamm Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/mam.12252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hugo C. M. Costa
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz Rodovia Jorge Amado km 16 Ilhéus BA45662‐900Brazil
| | - Maíra Benchimol
- Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada à Conservação ‐ LEAC Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz Rodovia Jorge Amado km 16, Base Ambiental Ilhéus BA45662‐900Brazil
| | - Carlos A. Peres
- School of Environmental Sciences University of East Anglia NorwichNR47TJUK
- Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia Universidade Federal da Paraíba Cidade Universitária João Pessoa Paraíba58051‐900Brazil
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12
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Kamineni A, Consiglio AL, MacEwen K, Chen S, Chifamba G, Shaw AJ, Tsakraklides V. Increasing lipid yield in Yarrowia lipolytica through phosphoketolase and phosphotransacetylase expression in a phosphofructokinase deletion strain. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2021; 14:113. [PMID: 33947437 PMCID: PMC8094482 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-021-01962-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipids are important precursors in the biofuel and oleochemical industries. Yarrowia lipolytica is among the most extensively studied oleaginous microorganisms and has been a focus of metabolic engineering to improve lipid production. Yield improvement, through rewiring of the central carbon metabolism of Y. lipolytica from glucose to the lipid precursor acetyl-CoA, is a key strategy for achieving commercial success in this organism. RESULTS Building on YB-392, a Y. lipolytica isolate known for stable non-hyphal growth and low citrate production with demonstrated potential for high lipid accumulation, we assembled a heterologous pathway that redirects carbon flux from glucose through the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) to acetyl-CoA. We used phosphofructokinase (Pfk) deletion to block glycolysis and expressed two non-native enzymes, phosphoketolase (Xpk) and phosphotransacetylase (Pta), to convert PPP-produced xylulose-5-P to acetyl-CoA. Introduction of the pathway in a pfk deletion strain that is unable to grow and accumulate lipid from glucose in defined media ensured maximal redirection of carbon flux through Xpk/Pta. Expression of Xpk and Pta restored growth and lipid production from glucose. In 1-L bioreactors, the engineered strains recorded improved lipid yield and cell-specific productivity by up to 19 and 78%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Yields and cell-specific productivities are important bioprocess parameters for large-scale lipid fermentations. Improving these parameters by engineering the Xpk/Pta pathway is an important step towards developing Y. lipolytica as an industrially preferred microbial biocatalyst for lipid production.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kyle MacEwen
- Ginkgo Bioworks, 27 Drydock Ave, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Shuyan Chen
- Ginkgo Bioworks, 27 Drydock Ave, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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13
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Young KI, Buenemann M, Vasilakis N, Perera D, Hanley KA. Shifts in mosquito diversity and abundance along a gradient from oil palm plantations to conterminous forests in Borneo. Ecosphere 2021; 12. [PMID: 33996190 DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Deforestation precipitates spillover of enzootic, vector-borne viruses into humans, but specific mechanisms for this effect have rarely been investigated. Expansion of oil palm cultivation is a major driver of deforestation. Here, we demonstrate that mosquito abundance decreased over ten stepwise distances from interior forest into conterminous palm plantations in Borneo. Diversity in interior plantation narrowed to one species, Aedes albopictus, a potential bridge vector for spillover of multiple viruses. A. albopictus was equally abundant across all distances in forests, forest-plantation edge, and plantations, while A. niveus, a known vector of sylvatic dengue virus, was found only in forests. A. albopictus collections were significantly female-biased in plantation but not in edge or forest. Our data reveal that the likelihood of encountering any mosquito is greater in interior forest and edge than plantation, while the likelihood of encountering A. albopictus is equivalent across the gradient sampled from interior plantation to interior forest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine I Young
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, 1780 E University Ave, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003 USA
| | - Michaela Buenemann
- Department of Geography, New Mexico State University, 1780 E University Ave, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003 USA
| | - Nikos Vasilakis
- Department of Pathology, Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Center of Tropical Diseases, and Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, Texas 77555 USA
| | - David Perera
- Institute of Health and Community Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Jalan Datuk Mohammad Musa, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Kathryn A Hanley
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, 1780 E University Ave, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003 USA
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Davies RW, Edwards DP, Medina-Uribe CA, Cárdenas-Bautista JS, Haugaasen T, Gilroy JJ, Edwards FA. Replacing low-intensity cattle pasture with oil palm conserves dung beetle functional diversity when paired with forest protection. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 283:112009. [PMID: 33508552 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Meeting rising demand for oil palm whilst minimizing the loss of tropical biodiversity and associated ecosystem functions is a core conservation challenge. One potential solution is focusing the expansion of high-yielding crops on presently low-yielding farmlands alongside protecting nearby tropical forests that can enhance provision of ecosystem functions. A key question is how this solution would impact invertebrate functional diversity. We focus on oil palm in the Colombian Llanos, where plantations are replacing improved cattle pastures and forest fragments, and on dung beetles, which play key functional roles in nutrient cycling and secondary seed dispersal. We show that functional richness and functional diversity of dung beetles is greater in oil palm than in cattle pasture, and that functional metrics did not differ between oil palm and remnant forest. The abundance-size class profile of dung beetles in oil palm was more similar to forest than to pasture, which had lower abundances of the smallest and largest dung beetles. The abundance of tunneling and rolling dung beetles did not differ between oil palm and forest, while higher forest cover increased the abundance of diurnal and generalist-feeding beetles in oil palm landscapes. This suggests that prioritizing agricultural development on low-yielding cattle pasture will have positive effects on functional diversity and highlights the need for forest protection to maintain ecosystem functioning within agricultural landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W Davies
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.
| | - David P Edwards
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Claudia A Medina-Uribe
- Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt, Carrera 8 # 15-08, Villa de Leyva, Boyacá, Colombia
| | - Johann S Cárdenas-Bautista
- Grupo de Investigación Biodiversidad y Conservación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia. Av. Central Del Norte # 115-39, Tunja, Boyacá, 150001, Colombia
| | - Torbjørn Haugaasen
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Natural Resource Management, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - James J Gilroy
- School of Environmental Science, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
| | - Felicity A Edwards
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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15
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Klass K, Van Belle S, Campos-Villanueva A, Mercado Malabet F, Estrada A. Effects of variation in forest fragment habitat on black howler monkey demography in the unprotected landscape around Palenque National Park, Mexico. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9694. [PMID: 32864215 PMCID: PMC7425640 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Habitat loss and fragmentation are leading threats to biodiversity today, and primates are particularly vulnerable to anthropogenic habitat disturbance. However, few studies have examined how differential effects of variation in forest fragment characteristics on males and females in a primate population may affect demography and population persistence. We quantified the effects of variation in forest fragment characteristics on the within-fragment demography of black howler monkeys (Alouatta pigra) in forest fragments around Palenque National Park, Mexico, and how these effects differed between adult males and females. We quantified forest loss in the landscape between 2000 and 2017, and used a redundancy analysis to examine the effects of 15 variables quantifying fragment dimensions, forest composition and physical structure, and isolation on fragment population size and density, the proportion of adult males and females in the fragment population, and the mean number of adult males and females per group in 34 fragments (N = 393 monkeys). We hypothesized that (i) population size is positively correlated with fragment area, while population density is negatively correlated, and (ii) the composition of fragment populations results from differential effects of fragment variables on adult males and females. Forest cover decreased by 23.3% from 2000 to 2017. Our results showed a significant effect of fragment variables on population demography in fragments, accounting for 0.69 of the variance in the demographic response variables. Population size increased with fragment area and connectivity, while density decreased. Larger, less isolated fragments with better connectivity, characteristics indicative of abundant secondary growth, and those with more diverse vegetation but lower Simpson’s evenness indices tended to have more adult females per group and a higher proportion of adult females in the population. In contrast, fragments that were largely similar in characteristics of forest composition and structure, but that were more isolated from nearby fragments, had more adult males per group and a higher proportion of adult males. These results may stem from black howler females preferentially remaining in natal groups and fragments when possible, and dispersing shorter distances when they disperse, while males may be more likely to disperse between fragments, traveling longer distances through the matrix to more isolated fragments. These differential effects on males and females have important conservation implications: if females are more abundant in larger, less isolated fragments, while males are more abundant in more isolated fragments, then to effectively conserve this population, both landscape connectivity and fragment areas should be maintained and increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keren Klass
- Department of Anthropology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sarie Van Belle
- Department of Anthropology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Alejandro Estrada
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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16
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Teixeira-Santos J, Ribeiro ACDC, Wiig Ø, Pinto NS, Cantanhêde LG, Sena L, Mendes-Oliveira AC. Environmental factors influencing the abundance of four species of threatened mammals in degraded habitats in the eastern Brazilian Amazon. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229459. [PMID: 32101578 PMCID: PMC7043734 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
On the latest 60 years the degradation and fragmentation of native habitats have been modifying the landscape in the eastern Brazilian Amazon. The adaptive plasticity of an organism has been crucial for its long-term survival and success in these novel ecosystems. In this study, we investigated the response of four endangered species of large terrestrial mammals to the variations in the quality of their original habitats, in a context of high anthropogenic pressure. The distribution of the Myrmecophaga tridactyla (Giant anteater), Priodontes maximus (Giant armadillo), Tapirus terrestris (Lowland tapir) and Tayassu pecari (White-lipped peccary) in all sampled habitats suggests their tolerance to degradation. However, the survival ability of each species in the different habitats was not the same. Among the four species, T. pecari seems to be the one with the least ability to survive in more altered environments. The positive influence of the anthropogenically altered habitats on abundances of three of the four species studied, as observed at the regeneration areas, can be considered as a potential indication of the ecological trap phenomenon. This study reinforces the importance of the forest remnants for the survival of endangered mammal species, in regions of high anthropogenic pressure, as in the eastern Brazilian Amazon.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Øystein Wiig
- Natural History Museum, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Leonardo Sena
- Institute of Biological Science, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
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17
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Figel JJ, Botero-Cañola S, Forero-Medina G, Sánchez-Londoño JD, Valenzuela L, Noss RF. Wetlands are keystone habitats for jaguars in an intercontinental biodiversity hotspot. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221705. [PMID: 31509559 PMCID: PMC6738587 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Agricultural development was the major contributor to South America's designation as the continent with the highest rates of forest loss from 2000-2012. As the apex predator in the Neotropics, jaguars (Panthera onca) are dependent on forest cover but the species' response to habitat fragmentation in heterogeneous agricultural landscapes has not been a subject of extensive research. We used occupancy as a measure of jaguar habitat use in Colombia's middle Magdalena River valley which, as part of the intercontinental Tumbes-Chocó-Magdalena biodiversity hotspot, is exceedingly fragmented by expanding cattle pastures and oil palm plantations. We used single-season occupancy models to analyze 9 months of data (2015-2016) from 70 camera trap sites. Given the middle Magdalena's status as a "jaguar corridor" and our possible violation of the occupancy models' demographic closure assumption, we interpreted our results as "probability of habitat use (Ψ)" by jaguars. We measured the associations between jaguar presence and coverage of forest, oil palm, and wetlands in radii buffers of 1, 3, and 5 km around each camera trap. Our camera traps recorded 77 jaguar detections at 25 of the camera trap sites (36%) during 15,305 trap nights. The probability of detecting jaguars, given their presence at a site, was 0.28 (0.03 SE). In the top-ranked model, jaguar habitat use was positively influenced by wetland coverage (β = 7.16, 3.20 SE) and negatively influenced by cattle pastures (β = -1.40, 0.63 SE), both in the 3 km buffers. We conclude that wetlands may serve as keystone habitats for jaguars in landscapes fragmented by cattle ranches and oil palm plantations. Greater focus on wetland preservation could facilitate jaguar persistence in one of the most important yet vulnerable areas of their distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe J. Figel
- Department of Biology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, United States of America
| | - Sebastián Botero-Cañola
- Harold W Manter Laboratory of Parasitology, University of Nebraska State Museum and School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
- Instituto de Biología, Grupo de Mastozoología, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | - Juan David Sánchez-Londoño
- Facultad de Ciencias y Biotecnología, Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia
- Fundación BioDiversa, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Reed F. Noss
- Florida Institute for Conservation Science, Chuluota, Florida, United States of America
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18
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Casagrande AF, Santos-Filho MD. Use of forest remnants and teak (Tectona grandis) plantations by small mammals in Mato Grosso, Brazil. STUDIES ON NEOTROPICAL FAUNA AND ENVIRONMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/01650521.2019.1656520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Faustino Casagrande
- Centro de Pesquisa em Limnologia, Biodiversidade e Etnobiologia do Pantanal, Laboratório de Mastozoologia, Universidade do Estado de Mato Groso - UNEMAT, Cáceres, Brazil
| | - Manoel dos Santos-Filho
- Centro de Pesquisa em Limnologia, Biodiversidade e Etnobiologia do Pantanal, Laboratório de Mastozoologia, Universidade do Estado de Mato Groso - UNEMAT, Cáceres, Brazil
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19
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Pardo LE, Campbell MJ, Cove MV, Edwards W, Clements GR, Laurance WF. Land management strategies can increase oil palm plantation use by some terrestrial mammals in Colombia. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7812. [PMID: 31127172 PMCID: PMC6534675 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44288-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
While the conservation role of remaining natural habitats in anthropogenic landscapes is clear, the degree to which agricultural matrices impose limitations to animal use is not well understood, but vital to assess species’ resilience to land use change. Using an occupancy framework, we evaluated how oil palm plantations affect the occurrence and habitat use of terrestrial mammals in the Colombian Llanos. Further, we evaluated the effect of undergrowth vegetation and proximity to forest on habitat use within plantations. Most species exhibited restricted distributions across the study area, especially in oil palm plantations. Habitat type strongly influenced habitat use of four of the 12 more widely distributed species with oil palm negatively affecting species such as capybara and naked-tailed armadillo. The remaining species showed no apparent effect of habitat type, but oil palm and forest use probabilities varied among species. Overall, generalist mesocarnivores, white-tailed deer, and giant anteater were more likely to use oil palm while the remaining species, including ocelot and lesser anteater, showed preferences for forest. Distance to nearest forest had mixed effects on species habitat use, while understory vegetation facilitated the presence of species using oil palm. Our findings suggest that allowing undergrowth vegetation inside plantations and maintaining nearby riparian corridors would increase the likelihood of terrestrial mammals’ occurrence within oil palm landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lain E Pardo
- School of Natural Resource Management, Nelson Mandela University, George Campus, Madiba Drive 6530, George, South Africa. .,Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS), College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, 4878, Australia.
| | - Mason J Campbell
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS), College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, 4878, Australia
| | - Michael V Cove
- Department of Applied Ecology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695, USA
| | - Will Edwards
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS), College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, 4878, Australia
| | - Gopalasamy Reuben Clements
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunway University, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.,Rimba, Jalan Kiara 5, 50480, Kuala, Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - William F Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS), College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, 4878, Australia
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20
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González-Gallina A, Hidalgo-Mihart MG, Castelazo-Calva V. Conservation implications for jaguars and other neotropical mammals using highway underpasses. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206614. [PMID: 30399179 PMCID: PMC6219781 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Nuevo Xcan-Playa del Carmen highway in Quintana Roo, bisects the vegetation corridor connecting two Jaguar Conservation Units (JCUs): Yum Balaam (north) and Sian Ka´an (south). The project´s main goal was to describe differential use of available crossing structures (wildlife underpasses and culverts) by mammals present along this highway. We set 28 camera traps along the 54km stretch of the highway covering wildlife underpasses (10), and culverts such as box culverts (9) and pipes (9) from September 2016 until March 2017. A total of 24 jaguar crossings have been recorded exclusively using wildlife underpasses, including four males and two females. At least 18 other mammal species including five of the target priority species (protected by Mexican law) were documented, all of which were native except for two invasive species. In terms of species using the crossing structures, we identified 13 species using wildlife underpasses, nine using concrete box culverts and 10 using concrete pipes. Wildlife underpasses show higher diversity values (Shannon´s exponential index = 5.8 and Inverse Simpson´s index = 4.66) compared to culverts because they allow bigger species to cross. We recommend more highways along the jaguar´s distribution should develop mitigation measures to allow for wildlife connectivity. Wildlife underpasses, along with retrofitted culverts, could help secure not only the permanence of this species by facilitating the functional connectivity between populations but have positive impacts on other neotropical mammalian fauna as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto González-Gallina
- Red de Ambiente y Sustentabilidad, Instituto de Ecología A.C., El Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
| | - Mircea G. Hidalgo-Mihart
- División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, México
| | - Víctor Castelazo-Calva
- Red de Biología y Conservación de Vertebrados, Instituto de Ecología A.C., El Haya, Xalapa, Veracruz, México
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21
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22
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Pardo LE, Campbell MJ, Edwards W, Clements GR, Laurance WF. Terrestrial mammal responses to oil palm dominated landscapes in Colombia. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197539. [PMID: 29795615 PMCID: PMC5968401 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The rapid expansion of oil palm cultivation in the Neotropics has generated great debate around possible biodiversity impacts. Colombia, for example, is the largest producer of oil palm in the Americas, but the effects of oil palm cultivation on native fauna are poorly understood. Here, we compared how richness, abundance and composition of terrestrial mammal species differ between oil palm plantations and riparian forest in the Colombian Llanos region. Further, we determined the relationships and influence of landscape and habitat level variables on those metrics. We found that species richness and composition differed significantly between riparian forest and oil palm, with site level richness inside oil palm plantations 47% lower, on average, than in riparian forest. Within plantations, mammalian species richness was strongly negatively correlated with cattle abundance, and positively correlated with the density of undergrowth vegetation. Forest structure characteristics appeared to have weak and similar effects on determining mammal species richness and composition along riparian forest strips. Composition at the landscape level was significantly influenced by cover type, percentage of remaining forest and the distance to the nearest town, whereas within oil palm sites, understory vegetation, cattle relative abundance, and canopy cover had significant effects on community composition. Species specific abundance responses varied between land cover types, with oil palm having positive effects on mesopredators, insectivores and grazers. Our findings suggest that increasing habitat complexity, avoiding cattle and retaining native riparian forest–regardless of its structure–inside oil palm-dominated landscapes would help support higher native mammal richness and abundance at both local and landscape scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lain E. Pardo
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS), College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
- Grupo de Conservación y Manejo de Vida Silvestre, Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Bogotá D.C. Colombia
- * E-mail:
| | - Mason J. Campbell
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS), College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Will Edwards
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS), College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gopalasamy Reuben Clements
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS), College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
- Rimba, Casa Kiara 2, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - William F. Laurance
- Centre for Tropical Environmental and Sustainability Science (TESS), College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Cairns, Queensland, Australia
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