1
|
Ripoll-Viladomiu I, Prina-Mello A, Movia D, Marignol L. Extracellular vesicles and the "six Rs" in radiotherapy. Cancer Treat Rev 2024; 129:102799. [PMID: 38970839 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Over half of patients with cancer receive radiation therapy during the course of their disease. Decades of radiobiological research have identified 6 parameters affecting the biological response to radiation referred to as the 6 "Rs": Repair, Radiosensitivity, Repopulation, Redistribution, Reoxygenation, and Reactivation of the anti-tumour immune response. Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) are small membrane-bound particles whose multiple biological functions are increasingly documented. Here we discuss the evidence for a role of EVs in the orchestration of the response of cancer cells to radiotherapy. We highlight that EVs are involved in DNA repair mechanisms, modulation of cellular sensitivity to radiation, and facilitation of tumour repopulation. Moreover, EVs influence tumour reoxygenation dynamics, and play a pivotal role in fostering radioresistance. Last, we examine how EV-related strategies could be translated into novel strategies aimed at enhancing the efficacy of radiation therapy against cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Ripoll-Viladomiu
- Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Radiobiology and Molecular Oncology Research Group, Applied Radiation Therapy Trinity, Discipline of Radiation Therapy, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Laboratory for Biological Characterization of Advanced Materials (LBCAM), Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Adriele Prina-Mello
- Laboratory for Biological Characterization of Advanced Materials (LBCAM), Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Dania Movia
- Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Radiobiology and Molecular Oncology Research Group, Applied Radiation Therapy Trinity, Discipline of Radiation Therapy, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland; Department of Biology and Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, Callan Building, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Laure Marignol
- Trinity St. James's Cancer Institute, Radiobiology and Molecular Oncology Research Group, Applied Radiation Therapy Trinity, Discipline of Radiation Therapy, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kern J, Schilling D, Schneeweis C, Schmid RM, Schneider G, Combs SE, Dobiasch S. Identification of the unfolded protein response pathway as target for radiosensitization in pancreatic cancer. Radiother Oncol 2024; 191:110059. [PMID: 38135186 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2023.110059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Due to the high intrinsic radioresistance of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), radiotherapy (RT) is only beneficial in 30% of patients. Therefore, this study aimed to identify targets to improve the efficacy of RT in PDAC. MATERIALS AND METHODS Alamar Blue proliferation and colony formation assay (CFA) were used to determine the radioresponse of a cohort of 38 murine PDAC cell lines. A gene set enrichment analysis was performed to reveal differentially expressed pathways. CFA, cell cycle distribution, γH2AX FACS analysis, and Caspase 3/7 SYTOX assay were used to examine the effect of a combination treatment using KIRA8 as an IRE1α-inhibitor and Ceapin-A7 as an inhibitor against ATF6. RESULTS The unfolded protein response (UPR) was identified as a pathway highly expressed in radioresistant cell lines. Using the IRE1α-inhibitor KIRA8 or the ATF6-inhibitor Ceapin-A7 in combination with radiation, a radiosensitizing effect was observed in radioresistant cell lines, but no substantial alteration of the radioresponse in radiosensitive cell lines. Mechanistically, increased apoptosis by KIRA8 in combination with radiation and a cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase after ATF6 inhibition and radiation have been observed in radioresistant cell lines. CONCLUSION So, our data show evidence that the UPR is involved in radioresistance of PDAC. Increased apoptosis and a G1 cell cycle arrest seem to be responsible for the radiosensitizing effect of UPR inhibition. These findings are supportive for developing novel combination treatment concepts in PDAC to overcome radioresistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Kern
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Daniela Schilling
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany; Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), Department of Radiation Sciences, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Christian Schneeweis
- Department of Medicine II, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Roland M Schmid
- Department of Medicine II, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Günter Schneider
- Department of Medicine II, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany; Department of General Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stephanie E Combs
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany; Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), Department of Radiation Sciences, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sophie Dobiasch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich (TUM), Munich, Germany; Institute of Radiation Medicine (IRM), Department of Radiation Sciences, Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kang H, Kim B, Park J, Youn H, Youn B. The Warburg effect on radioresistance: Survival beyond growth. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188988. [PMID: 37726064 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The Warburg effect is a phenomenon in which cancer cells rely primarily on glycolysis rather than oxidative phosphorylation, even in the presence of oxygen. Although evidence of its involvement in cell proliferation has been discovered, the advantages of the Warburg effect in cancer cell survival under treatment have not been fully elucidated. In recent years, the metabolic characteristics of radioresistant cancer cells have been evaluated, enabling an extension of the original concept of the Warburg effect. In this review, we focused on the role of the Warburg effect in redox homeostasis and DNA damage repair, two critical factors contributing to radioresistance. In addition, we highlighted the metabolic involvement in the radioresistance of cancer stem cells, which is the root cause of tumor recurrence. Finally, we summarized radiosensitizing drugs that target the Warburg effect. Insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the Warburg effect and radioresistance can provide valuable information for developing strategies to enhance the efficacy of radiotherapy and provide future directions for successful cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hyunkoo Kang
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeongsoo Kim
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Junhyeong Park
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - HyeSook Youn
- Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea.
| | - BuHyun Youn
- Department of Integrated Biological Science, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea; Department of Biological Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Du S, Liu Y, Yuan Y, Wang Y, Chen Y, Wang S, Chi Y. Advances in the study of HSP70 inhibitors to enhance the sensitivity of tumor cells to radiotherapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:942828. [PMID: 36036010 PMCID: PMC9399644 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.942828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The 70 kDa heat shock protein (HSP70) is one of the most conserved proteins and a ubiquitous molecular chaperone that plays a role in the folding, remodeling, and degradation of various proteins to maintain proteostasis. It has been shown that HSP70 is abundantly expressed in cancer and enhances tumor resistance to radiotherapy by inhibiting multiple apoptotic pathways, such as interfering with the cellular senescence program, promoting angiogenesis, and supporting metastasis. Thus, HSP70 provides an effective target for enhancing the effects of radiation therapy in the clinical management of cancer patients. Inhibition of HSP70 enhances the radiation-induced tumor-killing effect and thus improves the efficacy of radiotherapy. This article reviews the sensitivity of Hsp70 and its related inhibitors to radiotherapy of tumor cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sihan Du
- School of Medical Imaging, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Ying Liu
- School of Medical Imaging, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yuran Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yanfang Chen
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Shuai Wang, ; Yuhua Chi,
| | - Yuhua Chi
- Department of General Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University, Weifang, Shandong, China
- *Correspondence: Shuai Wang, ; Yuhua Chi,
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Schneider M, Winkler K, Kell R, Pfaffl MW, Atkinson MJ, Moertl S. The Chaperone Protein GRP78 Promotes Survival and Migration of Head and Neck Cancer After Direct Radiation Exposure and Extracellular Vesicle-Transfer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:842418. [PMID: 35299733 PMCID: PMC8921984 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.842418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Increased levels of the chaperone protein GRP78 have been implicated in poorer outcomes of cancer therapy. We have therefore explored the functional connection between the expression of GRP78 and the development of radioresistance and metastatic behavior in HNSCC. Material and Methods The association between gene expression of GRP78 and survival in HNSCC patients was examined using the TCGA database. The influence of ionizing radiation on the GRP78 levels in HNSCC cell lines, their secreted extracellular vesicles (EV) and non-irradiated EV-recipient cells was investigated by Western Blot and FACS. The consequences of chemical inhibition or experimental overexpression of GRP78 on radioresistance and migration of HNSCC cells were analyzed by clonogenic survival and gap closure assays. Results Elevated levels of GRP78 RNA in HNSCC correlated with poorer overall survival. Radiation increased GRP78 protein expression on the surface of HNSCC cell lines. Experimental overexpression of GRP78 increased both radioresistance and migratory potential. Chemical inhibition of GRP78 impaired cell migration. EVs were identified as a potential source of increased GRP78 content as elevated levels of surface GRP78 were found in EVs released by irradiated cells. These vesicles transferred GRP78 to non-irradiated recipient cells during co-cultivation. Conclusions We have identified the chaperone protein GRP78 as a potential driver of increased radioresistance and motility in HNSCC. The uptake of GRP78-rich EVs originating from irradiated cells may contribute to a poorer prognosis through bystander effects mediated by the transfer of GRP78 to non-irradiated cells. Therefore, we consider the chaperone protein GRP78 to be an attractive target for improving radiotherapy strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schneider
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Klaudia Winkler
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Rosemarie Kell
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael W Pfaffl
- Animal Physiology and Immunology, TUM School of Life Science, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Michael J Atkinson
- Chair of Radiation Biology, TUM School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Simone Moertl
- Department of Effects and Risks of Ionising and Non-Ionising Radiation, Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Oberschleißheim, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Carlos-Reyes A, Muñiz-Lino MA, Romero-Garcia S, López-Camarillo C, Hernández-de la Cruz ON. Biological Adaptations of Tumor Cells to Radiation Therapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:718636. [PMID: 34900673 PMCID: PMC8652287 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.718636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy has been used worldwide for many decades as a therapeutic regimen for the treatment of different types of cancer. Just over 50% of cancer patients are treated with radiotherapy alone or with other types of antitumor therapy. Radiation can induce different types of cell damage: directly, it can induce DNA single- and double-strand breaks; indirectly, it can induce the formation of free radicals, which can interact with different components of cells, including the genome, promoting structural alterations. During treatment, radiosensitive tumor cells decrease their rate of cell proliferation through cell cycle arrest stimulated by DNA damage. Then, DNA repair mechanisms are turned on to alleviate the damage, but cell death mechanisms are activated if damage persists and cannot be repaired. Interestingly, some cells can evade apoptosis because genome damage triggers the cellular overactivation of some DNA repair pathways. Additionally, some surviving cells exposed to radiation may have alterations in the expression of tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes, enhancing different hallmarks of cancer, such as migration, invasion, and metastasis. The activation of these genetic pathways and other epigenetic and structural cellular changes in the irradiated cells and extracellular factors, such as the tumor microenvironment, is crucial in developing tumor radioresistance. The tumor microenvironment is largely responsible for the poor efficacy of antitumor therapy, tumor relapse, and poor prognosis observed in some patients. In this review, we describe strategies that tumor cells use to respond to radiation stress, adapt, and proliferate after radiotherapy, promoting the appearance of tumor radioresistance. Also, we discuss the clinical impact of radioresistance in patient outcomes. Knowledge of such cellular strategies could help the development of new clinical interventions, increasing the radiosensitization of tumor cells, improving the effectiveness of these therapies, and increasing the survival of patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angeles Carlos-Reyes
- Department of Chronic-Degenerative Diseases, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Marcos A. Muñiz-Lino
- Laboratorio de Patología y Medicina Bucal, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Unidad Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Susana Romero-Garcia
- Department of Chronic-Degenerative Diseases, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases “Ismael Cosío Villegas”, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - César López-Camarillo
- Posgrado en Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Autónoma de la Ciudad de México, Mexico, Mexico City
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Oliveira-Nunes MC, Julião G, Menezes A, Mariath F, Hanover JA, Evaristo JAM, Nogueira FCS, Dias WB, de Abreu Pereira D, Carneiro K. O-GlcNAcylation protein disruption by Thiamet G promotes changes on the GBM U87-MG cells secretome molecular signature. Clin Proteomics 2021; 18:14. [PMID: 33902430 PMCID: PMC8074421 DOI: 10.1186/s12014-021-09317-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a grade IV glioma highly aggressive and refractory to the therapeutic approaches currently in use. O-GlcNAcylation plays a key role for tumor aggressiveness and progression in different types of cancer; however, experimental evidence of its involvement in GBM are still lacking. Here, we show that O-GlcNAcylation plays a critical role in maintaining the composition of the GBM secretome, whereas inhibition of OGA activity disrupts the intercellular signaling via microvesicles. Using a label-free quantitative proteomics methodology, we identified 51 proteins in the GBM secretome whose abundance was significantly altered by activity inhibition of O-GlcNAcase (iOGA). Among these proteins, we observed that proteins related to proteasome activity and to regulation of immune response in the tumor microenvironment were consistently downregulated in GBM cells upon iOGA. While the proteins IGFBP3, IL-6 and HSPA5 were downregulated in GBM iOGA cells, the protein SQSTM1/p62 was exclusively found in GBM cells under iOGA. These findings were in line with literature evidence on the role of p62/IL-6 signaling axis in suppressing tumor aggressiveness and our experimental evidence showing a decrease in radioresistance potential of these cells. Taken together, our findings provide evidence that OGA activity may regulate the p62 and IL-6 abundance in the GBM secretome. We propose that the assessment of tumor status from the main proteins present in its secretome may contribute to the advancement of diagnostic, prognostic and even therapeutic tools to approach this relevant malignancy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cecilia Oliveira-Nunes
- Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Immunology, Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Glaucia Julião
- Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Medicine (Pathological Anatomy), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Aline Menezes
- Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program in Medicine (Pathological Anatomy), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Mariath
- Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - John A Hanover
- Laboratory of Cell Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Wagner Barbosa Dias
- Laboratory of Structural and Functional Glycobiology, Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Denise de Abreu Pereira
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Oncobiology, Membrane Receptors and Cancer Group, Research Coordination, National Institute of Cancer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Katia Carneiro
- Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. .,Postgraduate Program in Medicine (Pathological Anatomy), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Frederick BA, Gupta R, Atilano-Roque A, Su TT, Raben D. Combined EGFR1 and PARP1 Inhibition Enhances the Effect of Radiation in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Models. Radiat Res 2020; 194:519-531. [PMID: 32936912 DOI: 10.1667/rr15480.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a challenging cancer with little change in five-year overall survival rate of 50-60% over the last two decades. Radiation with or without platinum-based drugs remains the standard of care despite limited benefit and high toxicity. HNSCCs often overexpress epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and inhibition of EGFR signaling enhances radiation sensitivity by interfering with repair of radiation-induced DNA breaks. Poly (adenosine diphosphate-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) also participates in DNA damage repair, but its inhibition provides benefit in cancers that lack DNA repair by homologous recombination (HR) such as BRCA-mutant breast cancer. HNSCCs in contrast are typically BRCA wild-type and proficient in HR repair, making it challenging to apply anti-PARP1 therapy in this model. A recently published study showed that a combination of EGFR and PARP1 inhibition induced more DNA damage and greater growth control than each single agent in HNSCC cells. This led us to hypothesize that a combination of EGFR and PARP1 inhibition would enhance the efficacy of radiation to a greater extent than each single agent, providing a rationale for paradigm-shifting combinatorial approaches to improve the standard of care in HNSCC. Here, we report a proof-of-concept study using Detroit562 HNSCC cells, which are proficient for DNA repair by both HR and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) mechanisms. We tested the effect of adding cetuximab and/or olaparib (inhibitors of EGFR and PARP1, respectively) to radiation and compared it to that of cisplatin and radiation combination, which is the standard of care. Our results demonstrate that the combination of cetuximab and olaparib with radiation was superior to the combination of any single drug with radiation in terms of induction of unrepaired DNA damage, induction of senescence, apoptosis and clonogenic death, and tumor growth control in mouse xenografts. Combined with our recently published phase I safety data on cetuximab/olaparib/radiation triple combination, the data reported here demonstrate a potential for combining biologically-based therapies that might optimize radiosensitization in HNSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara A Frederick
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.,Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Colorado.,SuviCa, Inc., Boulder, Colorado
| | - Rohit Gupta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Amandla Atilano-Roque
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Tin Tin Su
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Colorado.,SuviCa, Inc., Boulder, Colorado
| | - David Raben
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Choi C, Cho Y, Son A, Shin SW, Lee YJ, Park HC. Therapeutic Potential of (-)-Agelamide D, a Diterpene Alkaloid from the Marine Sponge Agelas sp., as a Natural Radiosensitizer in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Models. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18100500. [PMID: 33003597 PMCID: PMC7600430 DOI: 10.3390/md18100500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy (RT) is an effective local treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but there are currently no predictive biomarkers to guide treatment decision for RT or adjuvant systemic drugs to be combined with RT for HCC patients. Previously, we reported that extracts of the marine sponge Agelas sp. may contain a natural radiosensitizer for HCC treatment. In this study, we isolated (−)-agelamide D from Agelas extract and investigated the mechanism underlying its radiosensitization. (−)-Agelamide D enhanced radiation sensitivity of Hep3B cells with decreased clonogenic survival and increased apoptotic cell death. Furthermore, (−)-agelamide D increased the expression of protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase/inositol-requiring enzyme 1α/activating transcription factor 4 (PERK/eIF2α/ATF4), a key pathway of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in multiple HCC cell lines, and augmented radiation-induced UPR signaling. In vivo xenograft experiments confirmed that (−)-agelamide D enhanced tumor growth inhibition by radiation without systemic toxicity. Immunohistochemistry results showed that (−)-agelamide D further increased radiation-induced ATF4 expression and apoptotic cell death, which was consistent with our in vitro finding. Collectively, our results provide preclinical evidence that the use of UPR inducers such as (−)-agelamide D may enhance the efficacy of RT in HCC management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changhoon Choi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea; (C.C.); (A.S.); (S.-W.S.)
| | - Yeonwoo Cho
- Marine Natural Products Chemistry Laboratory, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 385 Haeyangro, Busan 49111, Korea;
- Department of Applied Ocean Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Arang Son
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea; (C.C.); (A.S.); (S.-W.S.)
| | - Sung-Won Shin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea; (C.C.); (A.S.); (S.-W.S.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
| | - Yeon-Ju Lee
- Marine Natural Products Chemistry Laboratory, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology, 385 Haeyangro, Busan 49111, Korea;
- Department of Applied Ocean Science, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.-J.L.); (H.C.P.)
| | - Hee Chul Park
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul 06351, Korea; (C.C.); (A.S.); (S.-W.S.)
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul 06351, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.-J.L.); (H.C.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Przystal JM, Waramit S, Pranjol MZI, Yan W, Chu G, Chongchai A, Samarth G, Olaciregui NG, Tabatabai G, Carcaboso AM, Aboagye EO, Suwan K, Hajitou A. Efficacy of systemic temozolomide-activated phage-targeted gene therapy in human glioblastoma. EMBO Mol Med 2019; 11:e8492. [PMID: 30808679 PMCID: PMC6460351 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201708492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most lethal primary intracranial malignant neoplasm in adults and most resistant to treatment. Integration of gene therapy and chemotherapy, chemovirotherapy, has the potential to improve treatment. We have introduced an intravenous bacteriophage (phage) vector for dual targeting of therapeutic genes to glioblastoma. It is a hybrid AAV/phage, AAVP, designed to deliver a recombinant adeno-associated virus genome (rAAV) by the capsid of M13 phage. In this vector, dual tumor targeting is first achieved by phage capsid display of the RGD4C ligand that binds the αvβ3 integrin receptor. Second, genes are expressed from a tumor-activated and temozolomide (TMZ)-induced promoter of the glucose-regulated protein, Grp78 Here, we investigated systemic combination therapy using TMZ and targeted suicide gene therapy by the RGD4C/AAVP-Grp78 Firstly, in vitro we showed that TMZ increases endogenous Grp78 gene expression and boosts transgene expression from the RGD4C/AAVP-Grp78 in human GBM cells. Next, RGD4C/AAVP-Grp78 targets intracranial tumors in mice following intravenous administration. Finally, combination of TMZ and RGD4C/AAVP-Grp78 targeted gene therapy exerts a synergistic effect to suppress growth of orthotopic glioblastoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Magdalena Przystal
- Phage Therapy Group, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Sajee Waramit
- Phage Therapy Group, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Md Zahidul Islam Pranjol
- Phage Therapy Group, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Wenqing Yan
- Phage Therapy Group, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Grace Chu
- Phage Therapy Group, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Aitthiphon Chongchai
- Thailand Excellence Centre for Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Gargi Samarth
- Phage Therapy Group, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Nagore Gene Olaciregui
- Institute de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ghazaleh Tabatabai
- Interdisciplinary Division of Neuro-Oncology, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, Center for CNS Tumors, Comprehensive Cancer Center, University Hospital Tübingen, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), DKFZ Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Angel Montero Carcaboso
- Institute de Recerca Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eric Ofori Aboagye
- Comprehensive Cancer Imaging Centre, Imperial College London, Faculty of Medicine, London, UK
| | - Keittisak Suwan
- Phage Therapy Group, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Amin Hajitou
- Phage Therapy Group, Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bailly C, Waring MJ. Pharmacological effectors of GRP78 chaperone in cancers. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 163:269-278. [PMID: 30831072 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The protein chaperone GRP78 is a master regulator of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) functions and is frequently over-expressed at the surface of cancer cells where it contributes to chemo-resistance. It represents a well-studied ER stress marker but an under-explored target for new drug development. This review aims to untangle the structural and functional diversity of GRP78 modulators, covering over 130 natural products, synthetic molecules, specific peptides and monoclonal antibodies that target GRP78. Several approaches to promote or to incapacitate GRP78 are presented, including the use of oligonucleotides and specific cell-delivery peptides often conjugated to cytotoxic payloads to design GRP78-targeted therapeutics. A repertoire of drugs that turn on/off GRP78 is exposed, including molecules which bind directly to GRP78, principally to its ATP site. There exist many options to regulate positively or negatively the expression of the chaperone, or to interfere with its cellular trafficking. This review provides a molecular cartography of GRP78 pharmacological effectors and adds weight to the notion that GRP78 repressors could represent promising anticancer therapeutics, notably as regards limiting chemo-resistance of cancer cells. The potential of GRP78-targeting drugs in other therapeutic modalities is also evoked.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bailly
- UMR-S 1172, Centre de Recherche Jean-Pierre Aubert, INSERM, University of Lille, CHU Lille, 59045 Lille, France.
| | - Michael J Waring
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1GA, UK
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Tan C, Liu L, Liu X, Qi L, Wang W, Zhao G, Wang L, Dai Y. Activation of PTGS2/NF-κB signaling pathway enhances radiation resistance of glioma. Cancer Med 2019; 8:1175-1185. [PMID: 30740906 PMCID: PMC6434213 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We focused on the effects of PTGS2/NF‐κB signaling pathway on the radiation resistance of glioma in the study. Methods We downloaded the microarray data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. We verified transfection successfully through QRT‐PCR analysis. Immunofluorescence was used to detect γH2AX content under 2 Gy radiation. The survival rates of cells under 2 Gy irradiation were tested by clonogenic survival assay. Flow cytometry was used to detect cell cycle. Western blot was applied to detect the expression of NF‐κB pathway‐related proteins. We also used MTT assay to detect the proliferation of cells. Results In this research, we discovered that the expression of the PTGS2 was upregulated in radiation‐resistant glioma cells. The radio‐tolerance rate of U87 cells was obviously elevated after the overexpression of PTGS2. The radioresistance of U87R cells was significantly reduced after the knockdown of PTGS2. After radiotherapy, the number of cells arrested in G2/M phase decreased after PTGS2 overexpression in U87cells but increased in PTGS2 knockdown in U87R cells. The survival rate of U87 and U87R cells under radiation decreased significantly after the addition of NF‐κB inhibitor. The proliferation of U87 cells was suppressed by radiation and the addition of Bay 11. In addition, PTGS2 activated NF‐κB signaling pathway and prevented DNA damage after radiotherapy. Lastly, PTGS2 was proved to facilitate tumor cell proliferation and improve the radio‐tolerance. Conclusion PTGS2/NF‐κB signaling pathway was involved in radio‐tolerance of glioma cells, which provided a new insight into glioma therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Tan
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaoyang Liu
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Ling Qi
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Weiyao Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Guifang Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jilin Medical University, Jilin, China
| | - Libo Wang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yimeng Dai
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Shah SS, Rodriguez GA, Musick A, Walters WM, de Cordoba N, Barbarite E, Marlow MM, Marples B, Prince JS, Komotar RJ, Vanni S, Graham RM. Targeting Glioblastoma Stem Cells with 2-Deoxy-D-Glucose (2-DG) Potentiates Radiation-Induced Unfolded Protein Response (UPR). Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11020159. [PMID: 30709011 PMCID: PMC6406669 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11020159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults, and despite optimized treatment options, median survival remains dismal. Contemporary evidence suggests disease recurrence results from expansion of a robustly radioresistant subset of GBM progenitor cells, termed GBM stem cells (GSCs). In this study, we utilized transmission electron microscopy to uncover ultrastructural effects on patient-derived GSC lines exposed to supratherapeutic radiotherapy levels. Elevated autophagosome formation and increased endoplasmic reticulum (ER) internal diameter, a surrogate for ER stress and activation of unfolded protein response (UPR), was uncovered. These observations were confirmed via protein expression through Western blot. Upon interrogating genomic data from an open-access GBM patient database, overexpression of UPR-related chaperone protein genes was inversely correlated with patient survival. This indicated controlled UPR may play a role in promoting radioresistance. To determine if potentiating UPR further can induce apoptosis, we exposed GSCs to radiation with an ER stress-inducing drug, 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-DG), and found dose-dependent decreases in viability and increased apoptotic marker expression. Taken together, our results indicate GSC radioresistance is, in part, achieved by overexpression and overactivation of ER stress-related pathways, and this effect can be overcome via potentiation of UPR, leading to loss of GSC viability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumedh S Shah
- University of Miami Brain Tumor Initiative, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Gregor A Rodriguez
- University of Miami Brain Tumor Initiative, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Alexis Musick
- Dauer Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
| | - Winston M Walters
- University of Miami Brain Tumor Initiative, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Nicolas de Cordoba
- University of Miami Brain Tumor Initiative, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Eric Barbarite
- University of Miami Brain Tumor Initiative, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Megan M Marlow
- University of Miami Brain Tumor Initiative, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Brian Marples
- University of Miami Brain Tumor Initiative, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Health System, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Jeffrey S Prince
- Dauer Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA.
| | - Ricardo J Komotar
- University of Miami Brain Tumor Initiative, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Health System, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Steven Vanni
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| | - Regina M Graham
- University of Miami Brain Tumor Initiative, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Health System, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Lyu X, Zhang M, Li G, Jiang Y, Qiao Q. PD-1 and PD-L1 Expression Predicts Radiosensitivity and Clinical Outcomes in Head and Neck Cancer and is Associated with HPV Infection. J Cancer 2019; 10:937-948. [PMID: 30854100 PMCID: PMC6400795 DOI: 10.7150/jca.27199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: PD-1 and PD-L1 overexpression in malignant tumors in response to radiotherapy is correlated with a poor prognosis. Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection impacts intrinsic radiosensitivity of head and neck cancers (HNCs). Herein, this study aims to determine PD-1/PD-L1 expression differences in tumors with different HPV statuses and their prognostic value in patients with different radiosensitivity gene signatures to define the characteristics of patients who will benefit from radiotherapy combined with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. Material and methods: According to the identified gene signature related to radiosensitivity, 517 patients from the TCGA HNSCC cohort were selected and divided into the radioresistant (RR) group and radiosensitive (RS) group using a K-mean clustering algorithm. All data analyses were conducted using SPSS and GraphPad Prism. Results: PD-L1 expression is upregulated in tumor tissue (unpaired t test, P=0.0363; paired t test, P=0.0584) compared with normal tissue. PD-L1 was positively correlated with PD-1 expression (P<0.0001). The HPV/p16-positive group was significantly high PD-1 expression (P<0.0001). PD-L1 expression (P=0.0005) and PD-1 expression (P<0.0001) were significantly increased in the RS group compared with that in the RR group. In the patients who were treated with radiotherapy, the PD-1-high group was associated with better recurrence-free survival (RFS) (HR, 0.4892; 95% CI, 0.2357-1.015; P=0.023). Within the RR group, high PD-L1 expression was associated with reduced overall survival (OS) (HR, 2.196; 95% CI, 1.081-4.46; P=0.0108) compared with low PD-L1 expression. In the RR group, HPV/p16-negative patients with high PD-L1 expression exhibited reduced OS (HPV: HR, 2.334; 95% CI, 0.7828-6.961; P=0.0313; p16: HR,2.486; 95% CI, 0.8559-7.219; P=0.0192) compared with that of patients with low PD-L1 expression. In the PD-L1-high group, RR patients exhibited reduced OS (HR, 0.4858; 95% CI, 0.2136-1.105; P=0.0189) and RFS (HR, 0.4371; 95% CI, 0.1421-1.345; P=0.0231) compared with that of RS patients. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that high PD-1/PD-L1 expression was strongly related to radiosensitivity, and high PD-1 expression was significantly associated with HPV/p16-positive HNCs. Patients in the radioresistant group and patients in the HPV/p16-negative group with a radioresistant gene signature could benefit from the combination of radiotherapy and anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xintong Lyu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Guang Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuanjun Jiang
- Department of Urology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, China
| | - Qiao Qiao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, Liaoning, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Zhang M, Han N, Jiang Y, Wang J, Li G, Lv X, Li G, Qiao Q. EGFR confers radioresistance in human oropharyngeal carcinoma by activating endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling PERK-eIF2α-GRP94 and IRE1α-XBP1-GRP78. Cancer Med 2018; 7:6234-6246. [PMID: 30414263 PMCID: PMC6308109 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is associated with radioresistance in malignant tumors. Specifically, radiation can destroy endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis to induce ER stress (ERS). However, the effect of EGFR‐mediated regulation of ERS signaling pathway on radiosensitivity has not yet been reported. The present study showed that silencing EGFR increased radiosensitivity of both radiosensitive and radioresistant oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells by inhibiting ER stress signaling (PERK‐eIF2α‐GRP94 and IRE1α‐XBP1‐GRP78). This effect was abolished by pretreatment with EGF, however. In addition, knockdown of EGFR in OSCC cells inhibited DNA double‐stand break repair and autophagy while increased radiation‐induced apoptosis. Conversely, activating ERS inhibited the aforementioned functions. Furthermore, EGF increased ER stress‐independent ERK and AKT signaling upon irradiation of OSCC cells. Immunohistochemical analysis of 80 tissue samples from OSCC patients showed that co‐expression of EGFR and PERK was associated with poor prognosis. It thus appears EGFR confers radioresistance in OSCC by activating ER stress signaling. These results suggested that the cooperative effects of radiotherapy and EGFR‐targeted inhibitor therapy can be further improved by inhibiting PERK‐eIF2α‐GRP94 and IRE1α‐GRP78 in non‐response oropharyngeal carcinoma patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Ning Han
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuanjun Jiang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Gaiyan Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xintong Lv
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Guang Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Qiao Qiao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Glucose-regulated protein 78 in lipid rafts elevates vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation of spontaneously hypertensive rats by controlling platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling. Pflugers Arch 2018; 470:1831-1843. [PMID: 30155775 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-018-2199-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The multifunctional glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) is known to be differentially expressed in the lipid rafts of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and normal Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. However, its role in VSMCs from SHRs remains to be elucidated. This work was conducted to investigate the contribution made by GRP78 in VSMCs. GRP78 expression in VSMC lipid rafts decreased in WKY rats with age, but not in SHRs. Transfection with GRP78-siRNA attenuated not only platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB-induced VSMC proliferation and aortic sprout outgrowth but also the phosphorylation of PDGF receptor (PDGFR)-β, Akt, and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk) 1/2 in VSMCs in response to PDGF-BB. Moreover, GRP78 knockdown also reduced the PDGF-BB-induced dimerization of PDGFR-β and GRP78 in SHR VSMCs. The phosphorylation of GRP78 and PDGFR-β was elevated in VSMCs treated with PDGF-BB and was completely abolished by AG1296 (a PDGFR inhibitor). Moreover, the binding of PDGFR-β to GRP78 and the co-localization of GRP78 to PDGFR-β in VSMCs were stronger in SHRs than in WKY rat controls. This study demonstrates that the PDGF-BB-induced proliferation of SHR VSMCs is mediated by the expressional upregulation of GRP78 on VSMC lipid rafts in SHRs, probably via the regulation of PDGFR-β-GRP78 binding and their cross-activation. These observations indicate that GRP78 may play important roles in the pathological progression of SHR VSMCs.
Collapse
|