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Lee H, Kang H, Yun S, Ryu JH, Bae H, Chung BH, Yang CW, Oh EJ. The influence of HLA A, B, C, DR alleles and HLA haplotypes on cytomegalovirus-specific cell mediated immunity in seropositive Korean kidney transplant candidates. HLA 2023; 102:590-598. [PMID: 37158113 DOI: 10.1111/tan.15089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the effect of specific HLA alleles and haplotypes on cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific cell mediated immunity (CMI) in kidney transplant (KT) candidates. CMV-specific ELISPOT against pp65 and IE-1 antigens (hereafter referred to as pp65 and IE-1, respectively) was performed in 229 seropositive KT candidates. We analyzed the results related to 44 selected HLA alleles (9 HLA-A, 15 HLA-B, 9 HLA-C, and 11 HLA-DR) and 13 HLA haplotypes commonly found in study participants. The pp65 and IE-1 results in 229 seropositive candidates were 227.5 (114.5-471.5) and 41.0 (8.8-185.8) (median [interquartile range]) spots/2 × 105 PBMCs, respectively. The pp65 and IE-1 results showed significant differences between candidates with different HLA alleles (A*02 vs. A*26 [p = 0.016], A*24 vs. A*30 [p = 0.031], B*07 vs. B*46 [p = 0.005], B*54 vs. B*35 [p = 0.041], B*54 vs. B*44 [p = 0.018], B*54 vs. B*51 [p = 0.025], and C*06 vs. C*14 [p = 0.034]). HLA-A*02 and B*54 were associated with increased pp65 and IE-1 results, respectively (p = 0.005 and p < 0.001, respectively). In contrast, the HLA-A*26 and B*46 alleles were associated with a decreased pp65 response, whereas the A*30 allele was associated with a decreased IE-1 response (p < 0.05). The pp65 results correlated with the HLA-A allele frequencies (R = 0.7546, p = 0.019) and the IE-1 results correlated with the HLA-C allele frequencies of the study participants (R = 0.7882, p = 0.012). Among 13 haplotypes, HLA-A*30 ~ B*13 ~ C*06 ~ DRB1*07 showed decreased CMV-CMIs compared to the other HLA haplotypes, probably due to a combination of HLA alleles associated with lower CMV-CMIs. Our results demonstrated that CMV-specific CMIs may be influenced by the HLA allele as well as the HLA haplotype. To better predict CMV reactivation, it is important to estimate risk in the context of HLA allele and haplotype information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeyoung Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Catholic Kwandong University International St. Mary's Hospital, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunhye Kang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research and Development Institute for In Vitro Diagnostic Medical Devices of Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sojeong Yun
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyeong Ryu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunjoo Bae
- Department of Biomedicine and Health Sciences, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Ha Chung
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chul Woo Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Jee Oh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research and Development Institute for In Vitro Diagnostic Medical Devices of Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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2
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Towlerton AMH, Ravishankar S, Coffey DG, Puronen CE, Warren EH. Serial Analysis of the T-Cell Receptor β-Chain Repertoire in People Living With HIV Reveals Incomplete Recovery After Long-Term Antiretroviral Therapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:879190. [PMID: 35585986 PMCID: PMC9108698 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.879190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-term antiretroviral therapy (ART) in people living with HIV (PLHIV) is associated with sustained increases in CD4+ T-cell count, but its effect on the peripheral blood T-cell repertoire has not been comprehensively evaluated. In this study, we performed serial profiling of the composition and diversity of the T-cell receptor β-chain (TRB) repertoire in 30 adults with HIV infection before and after the initiation of ART to define its long-term impact on the TRB repertoire. Serially acquired blood samples from 30 adults with HIV infection collected over a mean of 6 years (range, 1-12) years, with 1-4 samples collected before and 2-8 samples collected after the initiation of ART, were available for analysis. TRB repertoires were characterized via high-throughput sequencing of the TRB variable region performed on genomic DNA extracted from unsorted peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Additional laboratory and clinical metadata including serial measurements of HIV viral load and CD4+ T-cell count were available for all individuals in the cohort. A previously published control group of 189 TRB repertoires from peripheral blood samples of adult bone marrow transplant donors was evaluated for comparison. ART initiation in PLHIV was associated with a sustained reduction in viral load and a significant increase in TRB repertoire diversity. However, repertoire diversity in PLHIV remained significantly lower than in the control group even after long-term ART. The composition of TRB repertoires of PLHIV after ART also remained perturbed compared to the control cohort, as evidenced by large persistent private clonal expansions, reduced efficiency in the generation of TRB CDR3 amino acid sequences, and a narrower range of CDR3 lengths. Network analysis revealed an antigen-experienced structure in the TRB repertoire of PLHIV both before and after ART initiation that was quite distinct from the structure of control repertoires, with a slight shift toward a more naïve structure observed after ART initiation. Though we observe significant improvement in TRB repertoire diversity with durable viral suppression in PLHIV on long-term ART, the composition and structure of these repertoires remain significantly perturbed compared to the control cohort of adult bone marrow transplant donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M. H. Towlerton
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Shashidhar Ravishankar
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - David G. Coffey
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- Division of Hematology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Camille E. Puronen
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Edus H. Warren
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States
- Division of Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- *Correspondence: Edus H. Warren,
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3
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Clement Dobbins G, Kimberlin D, Ross S. Cytomegalovirus variation among newborns treated with valganciclovir. Antiviral Res 2022; 203:105326. [DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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4
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Sharpe HR, Provine NM, Bowyer GS, Moreira Folegatti P, Belij-Rammerstorfer S, Flaxman A, Makinson R, Hill AV, Ewer KJ, Pollard AJ, Klenerman P, Gilbert S, Lambe T. CMV-associated T cell and NK cell terminal differentiation does not affect immunogenicity of ChAdOx1 vaccination. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e154187. [PMID: 35192547 PMCID: PMC8986084 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.154187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a globally ubiquitous pathogen with a seroprevalence of approximately 50% in the United Kingdom. CMV infection induces expansion of immunosenescent T cell and NK cell populations, with these cells demonstrating lower responsiveness to activation and reduced functionality upon infection and vaccination. In this study, we found that CMV+ participants had normal T cell responses after a single-dose or homologous vaccination with the viral vector chimpanzee adenovirus developed by the University of Oxford (ChAdOx1). CMV seropositivity was associated with reduced induction of IFN-γ-secreting T cells in a ChAd-Modified Vaccinia Ankara (ChAd-MVA) viral vector vaccination trial. Analysis of participants receiving a single dose of ChAdOx1 demonstrated that T cells from CMV+ donors had a more terminally differentiated profile of CD57+PD1+CD4+ T cells and CD8+ T cells expressing less IL-2Rα (CD25) and fewer polyfunctional CD4+ T cells 14 days after vaccination. NK cells from CMV-seropositive individuals also had a reduced activation profile. Overall, our data suggest that although CMV infection enhances immunosenescence of T and NK populations, it does not affect antigen-specific T cell IFN-γ secretion or antibody IgG production after vaccination with the current ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccination regimen, which has important implications given the widespread use of this vaccine, particularly in low- and middle-income countries with high CMV seroprevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicholas M. Provine
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Experimental Medicine Division, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrew J. Pollard
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Klenerman
- Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Experimental Medicine Division, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Teresa Lambe
- Jenner Institute and
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford and the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Chinese Academy of Medical Science (CAMS) Oxford Institute (COI), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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5
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Poon MML, Byington E, Meng W, Kubota M, Matsumoto R, Grifoni A, Weiskopf D, Dogra P, Lam N, Szabo PA, Ural BB, Wells SB, Rosenfeld AM, Brusko MA, Brusko TM, Connors TJ, Sette A, Sims PA, Luning Prak ET, Shen Y, Farber DL. Heterogeneity of human anti-viral immunity shaped by virus, tissue, age, and sex. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110071. [PMID: 34852222 PMCID: PMC8719595 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The persistence of anti-viral immunity is essential for protection and exhibits profound heterogeneity across individuals. Here, we elucidate the factors that shape maintenance and function of anti-viral T cell immunity in the body by comprehensive profiling of virus-specific T cells across blood, lymphoid organs, and mucosal tissues of organ donors. We use flow cytometry, T cell receptor sequencing, single-cell transcriptomics, and cytokine analysis to profile virus-specific CD8+ T cells recognizing the ubiquitous pathogens influenza and cytomegalovirus. Our results reveal that virus specificity determines overall magnitude, tissue distribution, differentiation, and clonal repertoire of virus-specific T cells. Age and sex influence T cell differentiation and dissemination in tissues, while T cell tissue residence and functionality are highly correlated with the site. Together, our results demonstrate how the covariates of virus, tissue, age, and sex impact the anti-viral immune response, which is important for targeting, monitoring, and predicting immune responses to existing and emerging viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya M L Poon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Eve Byington
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Wenzhao Meng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Masaru Kubota
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Rei Matsumoto
- Department of Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Alba Grifoni
- Center of Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Center of Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Pranay Dogra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Nora Lam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Peter A Szabo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Basak Burcu Ural
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Steven B Wells
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Aaron M Rosenfeld
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Maigan A Brusko
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Todd M Brusko
- Department of Pathology, Immunology, and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Thomas J Connors
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center of Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Peter A Sims
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Eline T Luning Prak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yufeng Shen
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Donna L Farber
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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6
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Attaf M, Roider J, Malik A, Rius Rafael C, Dolton G, Prendergast AJ, Leslie A, Ndung'u T, Kløverpris HN, Sewell AK, Goulder PJ. Cytomegalovirus-Mediated T Cell Receptor Repertoire Perturbation Is Present in Early Life. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1587. [PMID: 33101265 PMCID: PMC7554308 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a highly prevalent herpesvirus, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa, where it is endemic from infancy. The T cell response against CMV is important in keeping the virus in check, with CD8 T cells playing a major role in the control of CMV viraemia. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) B*44:03-positive individuals raise a robust response against the NEGVKAAW (NW8) epitope, derived from the immediate-early-2 (IE-2) protein. We previously showed that the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire raised against the NW8-HLA-B*44:03 complex was oligoclonal and characterised by superdominant clones, which were shared amongst unrelated individuals (i.e., "public"). Here, we address the question of how stable the CMV-specific TCR repertoire is over the course of infection, and whether substantial differences are evident in TCR repertoires in children, compared with adults. We present a longitudinal study of four HIV/CMV co-infected mother-child pairs, who in each case express HLA-B*44:03 and make responses to the NW8 epitope, and analyse their TCR repertoire over a period spanning more than 10 years. Using high-throughput sequencing, the paediatric CMV-specific repertoire was found to be highly diverse. In addition, paediatric repertoires were remarkably similar to adults, with public TCR responses being shared amongst children and adults alike. The CMV-specific repertoire in both adults and children displayed strong fluctuations in TCR clonality and repertoire architecture over time. Previously characterised superdominant clonotypes were readily identifiable in the children at high frequency, suggesting that the distortion of the CMV-specific repertoire is incurred as a direct result of CMV infection rather than a product of age-related "memory inflation." Early distortion of the TCR repertoire was particularly apparent in the case of the TCR-β chain, where oligoclonality was low in children and positively correlated with age, a feature we did not observe for TCR-α. This discrepancy between TCR-α and -β chain repertoire may reflect differential contribution to NW8 recognition. Altogether, the results of the present study provide insight into the formation of the TCR repertoire in early life and pave the way to better understanding of CD8 T cell responses to CMV at the molecular level.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Age Factors
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Coinfection
- Cytomegalovirus/immunology
- Cytomegalovirus Infections/immunology
- Cytomegalovirus Infections/metabolism
- Cytomegalovirus Infections/virology
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/chemistry
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- Female
- HIV Infections/immunology
- HIV Infections/virology
- HLA Antigens/immunology
- High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
- Humans
- Infant
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/immunology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Peptides/chemistry
- Peptides/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- T-Cell Antigen Receptor Specificity
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Viral Load
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Attaf
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Julia Roider
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Africa Health Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- German Centre for Infection Research, Munich, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Amna Malik
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Cristina Rius Rafael
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Garry Dolton
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Prendergast
- Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe
- Centre for Genomics and Child Health, Blizard Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Alasdair Leslie
- Africa Health Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thumbi Ndung'u
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus Pathogenesis Programme, Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Africa Health Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
- Virology and Immunology, Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henrik N. Kløverpris
- Africa Health Research Institute, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew K. Sewell
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Philip J. Goulder
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- The Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
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7
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Heinemann NC, Tischer-Zimmermann S, Wittke TC, Eigendorf J, Kerling A, Framke T, Melk A, Heuft HG, Blasczyk R, Maecker-Kolhoff B, Eiz-Vesper B. High-intensity interval training in allogeneic adoptive T-cell immunotherapy - a big HIT? J Transl Med 2020; 18:148. [PMID: 32238166 PMCID: PMC7114817 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02301-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adoptive transfer of virus-specific T cells (VSTs) represents a prophylactic and curative approach for opportunistic viral infections and reactivations after transplantation. However, inadequate frequencies of circulating memory VSTs in the T-cell donor’s peripheral blood often result in insufficient enrichment efficiency and purity of the final T-cell product, limiting the effectiveness of this approach. Methods This pilot study was designed as a cross-over trial and compared the effect of a single bout (30 min) of high-intensity interval training (HIT) with that of 30 min of continuous exercise (CONT) on the frequency and function of circulating donor VSTs. To this end, we used established immunoassays to examine the donors’ cellular immune status, in particular, with respect to the frequency and specific characteristics of VSTs restricted against Cytomegalovirus (CMV)-, Epstein–Barr-Virus (EBV)- and Adenovirus (AdV)-derived antigens. T-cell function, phenotype, activation and proliferation were examined at different time points before and after exercise to identify the most suitable time for T-cell donation. The clinical applicability was determined by small-scale T-cell enrichment using interferon- (IFN-) γ cytokine secretion assay and virus-derived overlapping peptide pools. Results HIT proved to be the most effective exercise program with up to fivefold higher VST response. In general, donors with a moderate fitness level had higher starting and post-exercise frequencies of VSTs than highly fit donors, who showed significantly lower post-exercise increases in VST frequencies. Both exercise programs boosted the number of VSTs against less immunodominant antigens, specifically CMV (IE-1), EBV (EBNA-1) and AdV (Hexon, Penton), compared to VSTs against immunodominant antigens with higher memory T-cell frequencies. Conclusion This study demonstrates that exercise before T-cell donation has a beneficial effect on the donor’s cellular immunity with respect to the proportion of circulating functionally active VSTs. We conclude that a single bout of HIT exercise 24 h before T-cell donation can significantly improve manufacturing of clinically applicable VSTs. This simple and economical adjuvant treatment proved to be especially efficient in enhancing virus-specific memory T cells with low precursor frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nele Carolin Heinemann
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sabine Tischer-Zimmermann
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB-Tx), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Julian Eigendorf
- Department of Sports Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Arno Kerling
- Department of Sports Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Theodor Framke
- Department of Biometry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anette Melk
- Department of Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Disease, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hans-Gert Heuft
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB-Tx), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rainer Blasczyk
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB-Tx), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Britta Maecker-Kolhoff
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB-Tx), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Britta Eiz-Vesper
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Straße 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany. .,Integrated Research and Treatment Center (IFB-Tx), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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8
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Miles DJC, Shumba F, Pachnio A, Begum J, Corbett EL, Heyderman RS, Moss P. Early T Cell Differentiation with Well-Maintained Function across the Adult Life Course in Sub-Saharan Africa. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2019; 203:1160-1171. [PMID: 31358657 PMCID: PMC6778523 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Immune senescence is a significant contributor to health problems in the developed world and may be accelerated by chronic viral infections. To date, there have been few studies of immune function in healthy older people in sub-Saharan Africa. We assessed T cell and B cell phenotypes and immune responses to CMV, EBV, and influenza virus in Malawians aged 20-69 y. Notably, the proportion of naive (CCR7+CD45RA+) CD4 and CD8 T cells was only 14% of the lymphoid repertoire even in donors aged under 30 y but did not decrease further with age. A small increase in the late differentiated (CD27-CD28-) CD8 T cell subpopulation was observed in older donors but the CD4/CD8 T cell ratio remained stable in all age groups. Interestingly, the regulatory (CD25hiFOXP3hi) T cell subpopulation was small in all age groups, and we observed no age-associated accumulation of cells expressing the senescence- and exhaustion-associated markers CD57 and PD-1. We assessed functional T cell responses to mitogenic and viral antigenic stimulation by the expression of CD154, IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, and IL-17 and proliferation. All responses were robust across the life course, although we observed an age-associated shift from IFN-γ to TNF-α in the response to EBV. In summary, we found the naive T cell subpopulation of young adult Malawians was smaller than in their contemporaries in high-income settings but remains stable thereafter and that lymphocyte function is retained across the life course. These observations indicate that studies of the genetic and environmental factors influencing immune function in different environments may provide insights into minimizing immune ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J C Miles
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Chichiri, Blantyre 3, Malawi; and
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham Health Partners, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Florence Shumba
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Chichiri, Blantyre 3, Malawi; and
| | - Annette Pachnio
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham Health Partners, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jusnara Begum
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham Health Partners, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth L Corbett
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Chichiri, Blantyre 3, Malawi; and
| | - Robert S Heyderman
- Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, Chichiri, Blantyre 3, Malawi; and
| | - Paul Moss
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Birmingham Health Partners, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, B15 2TT Birmingham, United Kingdom
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9
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Attaf M, Malik A, Severinsen MC, Roider J, Ogongo P, Buus S, Ndung'u T, Leslie A, Kløverpris HN, Matthews PC, Sewell AK, Goulder P. Major TCR Repertoire Perturbation by Immunodominant HLA-B *44:03-Restricted CMV-Specific T Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2539. [PMID: 30487790 PMCID: PMC6246681 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lack of disease during chronic human cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection depends on the maintenance of a high-frequency CMV-specific T cell response. The composition of the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire underlying this response remains poorly characterised, especially within African populations in which CMV is endemic from infancy. Here we focus on the immunodominant CD8+ T cell response to the immediate-early 2 (IE-2)-derived epitope NEGVKAAW (NW8) restricted by HLA-B*44:03, a highly prevalent response in African populations, which in some subjects represents >10% of the circulating CD8+ T cells. Using pMHC multimer staining and sorting of NW8-specific T cells, the TCR repertoire raised against NW8 was characterised here using high-throughput sequencing in 20 HLA-B*44:03 subjects. We found that the CD8+ T cell repertoire raised in response to NW8 was highly skewed and featured preferential use of a restricted set of V and J gene segments. Furthermore, as often seen in immunity against ancient viruses like CMV and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), the response was strongly dominated by identical TCR sequences shared by multiple individuals, or “public” TCRs. Finally, we describe a pair “superdominant” TCR clonotypes, which were germline or nearly germline-encoded and produced at remarkably high frequencies in certain individuals, with a single CMV-specific clonotype representing up to 17% of all CD8+ T cells. Given the magnitude of the NW8 response, we propose that this major skewing of CMV-specific immunity leads to massive perturbations in the overall TCR repertoire in HLA-B*44:03 individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Attaf
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Amna Malik
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mai C Severinsen
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa.,Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Julia Roider
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa.,Department of infectious diseases, Medizinische Klinik IV, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Paul Ogongo
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa.,School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,Department of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, Institute of Primate Research, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Søren Buus
- Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thumbi Ndung'u
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa.,Department of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alasdair Leslie
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa.,Department of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Henrik N Kløverpris
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa.,Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Philippa C Matthews
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew K Sewell
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Goulder
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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