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Thompson B, Meynadasy M, Hajcak G, Brush CJ. Accelerometer-based and self-reported physical activity and sedentary time and their relationships with the P300 in a Go/No-Go task in older adults. Brain Cogn 2024; 178:106168. [PMID: 38754283 PMCID: PMC11214732 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2024.106168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Older adults who experience cognitive decline are more likely to have a reduced quality of life. Identifying lifestyle factors that may influence cognitive processing and in turn improve quality of life during older adulthood is an important area of interest. Cognitive function, as measured by the P300 event-related potential (ERP), has been noted to be modified by physical activity; however, no study to date has examined relationships between this neurophysiological measure and physical activity and sedentary time in older adults. Furthermore, there is a gap in understanding as to whether physical activity and sedentary time assessed using self-reported and accelerometer-based methods similarly relate to the P300. This study aimed to assess the P300 during a Go/No-Go task in relation to self-reported and accelerometer-based physical activity and sedentary time in a community sample of 75 older adults. Results indicated that participants engaging in more moderate-to-vigorous physical activity had larger P300 amplitudes across self-reported and accelerometer-based measurements; however, no relationships between sedentary time and P300 amplitude were observed. Notably, accelerometer-based moderate-to-vigorous physical activity explained P300 amplitudes over and above self-reported moderate-to-vigorous physical activity-an effect that remained significant even after accounting for age. Although these results highlight the importance of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in relation to cognitive function, as measured via the P300 in older adults, a secondary analysis indicated that engaging in lifestyle activity may have similar effects on the P300 as moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. In sum, the present study highlights the role of habitual engagement in physical activity as a possible means for supporting cognitive function during the aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney Thompson
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States.
| | - Melissa Meynadasy
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Greg Hajcak
- School of Education and Counseling Psychology, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, United States
| | - C J Brush
- Department of Movement Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID, United States
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Gao J, Sun R, Leung HK, Roberts A, Wu BWY, Tsang EW, Tang ACW, Sik HH. Increased neurocardiological interplay after mindfulness meditation: a brain oscillation-based approach. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1008490. [PMID: 37405324 PMCID: PMC10315629 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1008490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Brain oscillations facilitate interaction within the brain network and between the brain and heart activities, and the alpha wave, as a prominent brain oscillation, plays a major role in these coherent activities. We hypothesize that mindfully breathing can make the brain and heart activities more coherent in terms of increased connectivity between the electroencephalogram (EEG) and electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. Methods Eleven participants (28-52 years) attended 8 weeks of Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) training. EEG and ECG data of two states of mindful breathing and rest, both eye-closed, were recorded before and after the training. EEGLAB was used to analyze the alpha band (8-12 Hz) power, alpha peak frequency (APF), peak power and coherence. FMRIB toolbox was used to extract the ECG data. Heart coherence (HC) and heartbeat evoked potential (HEP) were calculated for further correlation analysis. Results After 8 weeks of MBSR training, the correlation between APF and HC increased significantly in the middle frontal region and bilateral temporal regions. The correlation between alpha coherence and heart coherence had similar changes, while alpha peak power did not reflect such changes. In contrast, spectrum analysis alone did not show difference before and after MBSR training. Conclusion The brain works in rhythmic oscillation, and this rhythmic connection becomes more coherent with cardiac activity after 8 weeks of MBSR training. Individual APF is relatively stable and its interplay with cardiac activity may be a more sensitive index than power spectrum by monitoring the brain-heart connection. This preliminary study has important implications for the neuroscientific measurement of meditative practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junling Gao
- Buddhist Practices and Counselling Science Lab, Centre of Buddhist Studies, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hang Kin Leung
- Buddhist Practices and Counselling Science Lab, Centre of Buddhist Studies, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Adam Roberts
- Singapore-ETH Centre, Future Resilient Systems Programme, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bonnie Wai Yan Wu
- Buddhist Practices and Counselling Science Lab, Centre of Buddhist Studies, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Eric W. Tsang
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Andrew C. W. Tang
- Department of Psychology, HKU School of Professional and Continuing Education, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hin Hung Sik
- Buddhist Practices and Counselling Science Lab, Centre of Buddhist Studies, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Ioannou E, Chen HL, Bromley V, Fosker S, Ali K, Fernando A, Mensah E, Fowler-Davis S. The key values and factors identified by older adults to promote physical activity and reduce sedentary behaviour using co-production approaches: a scoping review. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:371. [PMID: 37328734 PMCID: PMC10276377 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04005-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inactivity and sedentary behaviour in older adults adversely impacts physical function, reduces social networks, and could contribute to population healthcare costs. To encourage and support the planning and uptake of physical activity by older adults, it is important to understand what physical activity means to older adults. Therefore, the aim of this scoping review was to collate what older adults have self-identified as the key factors for sustaining and increasing their physical activities. METHODS Arksey and O'Malley's Scoping Review framework was used to guide the review process. SCOPUS, ASSIA, PsychINFO and MEDLINE databases were searched. Studies were eligible for inclusion if they were peer-reviewed, the target population were older adults (aged 55 and above), co-production related research approaches were explicitly stated in the methods and there was a focus on design of physical activity interventions or products to support or enhance physical activity. Assets and values important for physical activity were first extracted from included studies and were subsequently thematically analysed. Themes are presented to provide an overview of the literature synthesis. RESULTS Sixteen papers were included in the analysis. Data from these papers were gathered via designing interventions or services (n = 8), products (n = 2), 'exergames' (n = 2) or mobile applications (n = 4). Outcomes were varied but common themes emerged across papers. Overarching themes identified by older adults were associated with a desire to increase activity when it was accessible, motivational, and safe. In addition, older adults want to enjoy their activities, want independence and representation, want to stay connected with families and friends, be outdoors, familiarity, activities to be tailored and resulting in measurable/observed progress. CONCLUSIONS Population demographics, personal attributes, and life experiences all affect preferences for physical activity. However, the key factors identified by older adults for increasing physical activity were common-even in separate co-production contexts. To promote physical activities in older adults, activities must fundamentally feel safe, provide a sense of social connectedness, be enjoyable and be accessible in terms of cost and ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elysa Ioannou
- Sport and Physical Activity Research Centre (SPARC), Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Henglien Lisa Chen
- University of Sussex (Social Work and Social Care), Brighton and Hove, UK
| | - Vicky Bromley
- University of Sussex (Social Work and Social Care), Brighton and Hove, UK
| | - Sam Fosker
- Royal London Hospital, London; Founder, Cush Health, London, UK
| | - Khalid Ali
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton and Hove, UK
| | - Avanka Fernando
- University of Sussex (Social Work and Social Care), Brighton and Hove, UK
| | - Ekow Mensah
- University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sally Fowler-Davis
- Advanced Wellbeing Research Centre (AWRC), Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK.
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Hicks H, Meyer K, Watts A. Differential effects of chronotype on physical activity and cognitive performance in older adults. FRONTIERS IN EPIDEMIOLOGY 2023; 3:1029221. [PMID: 38455930 PMCID: PMC10910946 DOI: 10.3389/fepid.2023.1029221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Chronotypes reflect individuals' preferred activity and sleep patterns (e.g., "morning-types" vs. "evening-types") and are associated with health and physical activity. Less is known about the relationship between chronotype and cognitive health in older adults. It is unclear whether chronotype's influence is driven by sleep timing or disruption. This study explored the relationship between chronotype, physical activity, and cognitive performance in older adults with and without self-reported sleep disorders. Methods Participants were 153 older adults (M = 70.35, SD = 5.89) who wore an Actigraph on the non-dominant wrist for seven days to measure total physical activity, peak physical activity, and chronotype (sleep interval midpoint). We categorized participants as morning-, evening-, and intermediate-chronotypes and assessed cognitive performance in domains of attention, executive function, and verbal memory. Results MANCOVAs showed patterns of activity across the 24-hour day differed between chronotypes such that morning-types were active earlier and evening-types active later, ps > .001. Total physical activity and average peak activity did not differ between chronotypes, (ps ≥ .117). Timing of peak activity followed expectations (morning-types peaked earliest (p = .019). Evening-types exhibited significantly worse executive function and attention than intermediate-types, p = .008. When excluding participants with sleep disorders, evening-types engaged in significantly less total physical activity than other groups, but cognitive performance did not differ. Discussion We found no differences in total or peak physical activity between groups, which is inconsistent with findings from studies in younger samples. This suggests the role of chronotype on physical activity may change with age and points to the potential impact of methodological discrepancies. While evening-types exhibited worse executive function and attention performance, this finding disappeared when participants with sleep disorders were excluded. Sleep dysregulation rather than sleep timing may be driving this difference. Recent trends in physical activity research explore activity patterns across the 24-hour day and acknowledge codependence between different activity types. Our findings suggest chronotype and activity timing may be important as researchers advance this line of research in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary Hicks
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
| | - Kayla Meyer
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Fairway, KS, United States
| | - Amber Watts
- Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, United States
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Fairway, KS, United States
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Ferrari-Díaz M, Bravo-Chávez RI, Silva-Pereyra J, Fernández T, García-Peña C, Rodríguez-Camacho M. Verbal intelligence and leisure activities are associated with cognitive performance and resting-state electroencephalogram. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:921518. [PMID: 36268192 PMCID: PMC9577299 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.921518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive reserve (CR) is the adaptability of cognitive processes that helps to explain differences in the susceptibility of cognitive or daily functions to resist the onslaught of brain-related injury or the normal aging process. The underlying brain mechanisms of CR studied through electroencephalogram (EEG) are scarcely reported. To our knowledge, few studies have considered a combination of exclusively dynamic proxy measures of CR. We evaluated the association of CR with cognition and resting-state EEG in older adults using three of the most frequently used dynamic proxy measures of CR: verbal intelligence, leisure activities, and physical activities. Multiple linear regression analyses with the CR proxies as independent variables and cognitive performance and the absolute power (AP) on six resting-state EEG components (beta, alpha1, alpha2, gamma, theta, and delta) as outcomes were performed. Eighty-eight healthy older adults aged 60–77 (58 female) were selected from previous study data. Verbal intelligence was a significant positive predictor of perceptual organization, working memory, processing speed, executive functions, and central delta power. Leisure activities were a significant positive predictor of posterior alpha2 power. The dynamic proxy variables of CR are differently associated with cognitive performance and resting-state EEG. Implementing leisure activities and tasks to increase vocabulary may promote better cognitive performance through compensation or neural efficiency mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Ferrari-Díaz
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Iván Bravo-Chávez
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Juan Silva-Pereyra
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Juan Silva-Pereyra,
| | - Thalía Fernández
- Departamento de Neurobiología Conductual y Cognitiva, Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Juriquilla, Mexico
| | - Carmen García-Peña
- Departamento de Investigación, Instituto Nacional de Geriatría, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Mario Rodríguez-Camacho
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
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Buján A, Sampaio A, Pinal D. Resting-state electroencephalographic correlates of cognitive reserve: Moderating the age-related worsening in cognitive function. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:854928. [PMID: 36185469 PMCID: PMC9521492 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.854928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This exploratory study aimed to investigate the resting-state electroencephalographic (rsEEG) correlates of the cognitive reserve from a life span perspective. Current source density (CSD) and lagged-linear connectivity (LLC) measures were assessed to this aim. We firstly explored the relationship between rsEEG measures for the different frequency bands and a socio-behavioral proxy of cognitive reserve, the Cognitive Reserve Index (CRI). Secondly, we applied moderation analyses to assess whether any of the correlated rsEEG measures showed a moderating role in the relationship between age and cognitive function. Moderate negative correlations were found between the CRI and occipital CSD of delta and beta 2. Moreover, inter- and intrahemispheric LLC measures were correlated with the CRI, showing a negative association with delta and positive associations with alpha 1, beta 1, and beta 2. Among those correlated measures, just two rsEEG variables were significant moderators of the relationship between age and cognition: occipital delta CSD and right hemispheric beta 2 LLC between occipital and limbic regions. The effect of age on cognitive performance was stronger for higher values of both measures. Therefore, lower values of occipital delta CSD and lower beta 2 LLC between right occipital and limbic regions might protect or compensate for the effects of age on cognition. Results of this exploratory study might be helpful to allocate more preventive efforts to curb the progression of cognitive decline in adults with less CR, possibly characterized by these rsEEG parameters at a neural level. However, given the exploratory nature of this study, more conclusive work on these rsEEG measures is needed to firmly establish their role in the cognition–age relationship, for example, verifying if these measures moderate the relationship between brain structure and cognition.
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Silva-Fernandes A, Cruz S, Moreira CS, Pereira DR, Sousa SS, Sampaio A, Carvalho J. Processing speed mediates the association between physical activity and executive functioning in elderly adults. Front Psychol 2022; 13:958535. [PMID: 36092122 PMCID: PMC9462456 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.958535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced aging is associated with cognitive decline. To decrease the healthcare system and socio-economic burdens as well as to promote better quality of life, is important to uncover the factors that may be related to the delay of cognitive impairments in older adults. This study investigated the relationship between physical activity levels, sedentary behavior and cardiorespiratory fitness with cognitive functioning in healthy older adults. Furthermore, it examined the mediating role of processing speed on the association between physical activity and executive functions and long-term memory. Thirty-two individuals aged between 63 and 77 years (M = 68.16, SD = 3.73) underwent measurements of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2peak), 1-week of PA accelerometer measurement and a comprehensive cognitive assessment. Significant associations were observed between MVPA and cognitive processing speed. Equally, a significant positive indirect effect of MVPA on executive functioning and long-term memory was mediated by processing speed. Also, MVPA levels differentiated cognitive functioning in older adults – the physical active group outperformed the physical inactive group in processing speed, executive functions, and language abilities. Our results contribute to the literature on the MVPA levels as an important tool to promote healthier cognitive aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabela Silva-Fernandes
- Psychological Neuroscience Laboratory, School of Psychology, Psychology Research Center (CIPsi), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Anabela Silva-Fernandes
| | - Sara Cruz
- The Psychology for Positive Development Research Center (CIPD), Lusíada University, Porto, Portugal
| | - Célia Sofia Moreira
- Department of Mathematics and Centre of Mathematics, University of Porto (FCUP & CMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana R. Pereira
- Psychological Neuroscience Laboratory, School of Psychology, Psychology Research Center (CIPsi), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Sónia S. Sousa
- Psychological Neuroscience Laboratory, School of Psychology, Psychology Research Center (CIPsi), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Adriana Sampaio
- Psychological Neuroscience Laboratory, School of Psychology, Psychology Research Center (CIPsi), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Joana Carvalho
- Faculty of Sport, Research Center in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Voits T, DeLuca V, Abutalebi J. The Nuance of Bilingualism as a Reserve Contributor: Conveying Research to the Broader Neuroscience Community. Front Psychol 2022; 13:909266. [PMID: 35814120 PMCID: PMC9263506 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.909266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurological notion of “reserve” arises from an individually observable dissociation between brain health and cognitive status. According to the cognitive reserve hypothesis, high-reserve individuals experience functional compensation for neural atrophy and, thus, are able to maintain relatively stable cognitive functioning with no or smaller-than-expected impairment. Several lifestyle factors such as regular physical exercise, adequate and balanced nutrition, and educational attainment have been widely reported to contribute to reserve and, thus, lead to more successful trajectories of cognitive aging (CA). In recent years, it has become clear that bilingualism is also a potential reserve contributor. Yet, there is little communication between the neuroscience of bilingualism research community and researchers working in the field of CA more generally, despite compelling reasons for it. In fact, bilingualism tends to be overlooked as a contributory factor in the CA literature, or reduced to a dichotomous trait, despite it being a complex experience. Herein, we discuss issues that are preventing recognition of bilingualism as a reserve contributor across all literatures, highlight the benefits of including language experiences as a factor of interest across research disciplines, and suggest a roadmap to better integrate bilingualism and aging moving forward. We close with calls toward a model of aging that examines the contributions across lifestyle factors, including that of bilingual experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toms Voits
- PoLaR Lab, AcqVA Aurora Centre, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- *Correspondence: Toms Voits,
| | - Vincent DeLuca
- PoLaR Lab, AcqVA Aurora Centre, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Jubin Abutalebi
- PoLaR Lab, AcqVA Aurora Centre, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Centre for Neurolinguistics and Psycholinguistics (CNPL), Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
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Nunes I, Silva Nunes MV. The influence of cognitive reserve in the protection of the cognitive status after an acquired brain injury: A systematic review. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 2022; 43:839-860. [PMID: 35014599 DOI: 10.1080/13803395.2021.2014788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive Reserve (CR) hypothesis was introduced to account for the variability in cognitive performance of patients with similar degrees of brain injury or pathology. The individual variability of CR is modulated by the interaction of innate capacities and exposures throughout life, which can act as protectors against neuropathology's clinical effects. Individuals with higher CR appear to have better cognitive performance after a brain injury. The present review aimed to identify and map the scientific evidence available in literature regarding CR's influence in protecting the cognitive status after an Acquired Brain Injury (ABI). METHOD A systematic review was performed for published studies until October 2020 in PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL electronic databases. Studies regarding CR's influence in protecting the cognitive status after an ABI were included in this review. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to assess risk of bias in the included studies. This systematic review was recorded in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) under the number CRD42021236594. RESULTS Twenty-one studies published between 2003 and 2020 were selected and analyzed. The literature analysis showed that CR has a positive effect on cognitive status after an ABI. Various proxies were used to estimate CR, including estimated premorbid IQ, education, occupation attainment, socioeconomic status, leisure activities, bilingualism, and social integration. CR proxies constitute a set of variables that may have a significant influence on cognitive status. Higher CR levels were associated with lower cognitive impairment after an ABI. CONCLUSIONS Although more research is necessary for a complete understanding of CR's impact on cognition, the synthesis of these studies confirmed that there is evidence on the beneficial impact of CR on cognitive status after an ABI. These findings support CR's cognitive status role following an ABI and may provide additional information for prognosis and rehabilitation plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês Nunes
- Health Sciences Institute, Portuguese Catholic University, Lisbon, Portugal.,Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Health, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria Vânia Silva Nunes
- Health Sciences Institute, Portuguese Catholic University, Lisbon, Portugal.,Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Health, Lisbon, Portugal
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Concurrent Validity of the Garmin Vivofit®4 to Accurately Record Step Count in Older Adults in Challenging Environments. J Aging Phys Act 2022; 30:833-841. [PMID: 34996032 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2021-0231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
There is little evidence of the concurrent validity of commercially available wrist-worn long battery life activity monitors to measure steps in older adults at slow speeds and with real-world challenges. Forty adults aged over 60 years performed a treadmill protocol at four speeds, a 50-m indoor circuit, and a 200-m outdoor circuit with environmental challenges while wearing a Garmin Vivofit®4, the activPAL3™, and a chest-worn camera angled at the feet. The Garmin Vivofit®4 showed high intraclass correlation coefficients2,1 (.98-.99) and low absolute percentage error rates (<2%) at the fastest treadmill speeds and the outdoor circuit. Step counts were underestimated at the slowest treadmill speed and the indoor circuit. The Garmin Vivofit®4 is accurate for older adults at higher walking speeds and during outdoor walking. However, it underestimates steps at slow speeds and when walking indoors with postural transitions.
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Stehr P, Luetke Lanfer H, Rossmann C. Beliefs and motivation regarding physical activity among older adults in Germany: results of a qualitative study. Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being 2021; 16:1932025. [PMID: 34076570 PMCID: PMC8174480 DOI: 10.1080/17482631.2021.1932025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: As the proportion of older adults in Germany continues to grow, so does the need for physical activity as a strategy for health promotion. The purpose of this study is to gain insights into the belief system underlying older adults' physical activity and its interplay with motivation by integrating Theory of Planned Behaviour and Self-Determination Theory.Methods: We conducted 20 semi-structured interviews with residents of Germany who were 65 years of age or older. Transcripts of interviews were analysed with a coding frame of deductive main categories and inductive subcategories.Results: Part of our results is a typology that divides our sample into four groups based on the intensity and perceived sufficiency of their physical activity. These groups mainly differ in their intrinsic vs. extrinsic motivation and how they deal with barriers to physical activity, i.e., control beliefs.Conclusion: Messages to promote physical activity should be tailored regarding older adults' varying beliefs and motivation. To overcome barriers, intrinsic motivation plays a crucial role. Intrinsic motivation is closely linked to activities that are joyful and satisfy basic psychological needs. Moreover, it is important for older adults to be able to adjust their activities to age-related physical limitations and chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Stehr
- Department of Media and Communication Science, University of Erfurt, Erfurt, Germany
| | - Hanna Luetke Lanfer
- Department of Media and Communication Science, University of Erfurt, Erfurt, Germany
| | - Constanze Rossmann
- Department of Media and Communication Science, University of Erfurt, Erfurt, Germany
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Pedroso RV, Lima-Silva AE, Tarachuque PE, Fraga FJ, Stein AM. THE EFFICACY OF PHYSICAL EXERCISE ON CORTICAL ACTIVITY MODULATION IN MILD COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2021; 102:2393-2401. [PMID: 33932357 DOI: 10.1016/j.apmr.2021.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of physical exercise on cortical activity measured via EEG in individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). DATA SOURCES Pubmed, Web of Science, PsycINFO, Scielo databases were searched, using: "physical exercise"; "physical activity"; "physical therapy"; "exercise"; "training"; "electroencephalogram"; "electroencephalography"; "EEG"; "mild cognitive impairment"; "cognitive dysfunction"; "MCI". PRISMA statement was followed and the PEDro scale was used to assess the risk of bias of each study. STUDY SELECTION Original articles, sample including individuals with MCI, physical exercise intervention, use of EEG to measure cortical activity. DATA EXTRACTION Sample characteristics, physical exercise protocol characteristics, results related to effects of physical exercise on parameters derived from EEG signals and on other cognitive assessments, strengths, limitations and conclusions of the studies were selected by two investigators. DATA SYNTHESIS 365 articles were identified in electronic databases. After the selection stage, seven studies were included. Although there was a large spectrum of type of exercise (aerobic, resistance, multimodal, exergames and combined exercise with cognitive training), all exercise protocols altered cortical activity in MCI patients. An exercise session (acute response) causes power reduction of delta band and increases complexity and P300 amplitude in resting-state EEG. After an intervention with an exercise program (chronic response), there was a reduction in the power of delta and theta bands and an increase in beta and alpha bands, as well an increase in complexity in resting-state EEG. CONCLUSIONS Physical exercise seems to play a role in cortical activity in MCI patients, suggesting neural plasticity in such individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Valle Pedroso
- Department of Gerontology, Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCar), São Carlos, São Paulo.
| | | | | | - Francisco José Fraga
- Engineering, Modelling and Applied Social Sciences Center (CECS), Federal University of ABC (UFABC), Santo André, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Angelica Miki Stein
- The Human Performance Research Group Technological Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná
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Koblinsky ND, Meusel LAC, Greenwood CE, Anderson ND. Household physical activity is positively associated with gray matter volume in older adults. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:104. [PMID: 33546613 PMCID: PMC7863483 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02054-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Total physical activity is positively associated with brain volume and cognition in older adults. While we have ample evidence that recreational physical activity influences brain health, the contributions of other daily activities are less understood. In particular, the associations between household physical activity and brain health in older adults is underexplored. The purpose of this study was to identify associations between household physical activity, brain volume, and cognition in a sample of cognitively unimpaired older adults. Methods We report data from 66 cognitively unimpaired older adults (71 ± 4 years) who participated in a health evaluation, cognitive assessment, and structural brain imaging. Physical activity was assessed using the Phone-FITT questionnaire and separated into household and recreational physical activity. We quantified whole brain volume, gray matter volume, and white matter volume, and assessed cognitive performance in four domains: memory, working memory/attention, processing speed, and executive function. Associations between physical activity, brain volume, and cognition were investigated in an omnibus approach using two multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) models. The first model assessed the associations between physical activity and brain volume adjusting for age, sex, Framingham Risk score (FRS) and intracranial volume. The second model assessed the associations between physical activity and overall cognitive performance adjusting for age, sex, FRS and education. Post hoc regression analyses were conducted to investigate significant MANOVA results. We also conducted further regression analyses to investigate associations with hippocampal and frontal lobe volume. Results Household, but not recreational, physical activity was positively associated with brain volume measurements (F = 3.07, p = .035), specifically gray matter volume (t = 2.51, p = .015). Further exploratory analyses identified that household physical activity was associated with hippocampal (p = .015) and frontal lobe (p = .010) volume. No significant relationships were observed between household or recreational physical activity and cognition. Conclusion Time spent engaging in household physical activity was positively associated with brain volume, specifically gray matter volume, in older adults. Highlighting the benefits associated with household chores may motivate older adults to be more active by providing a more attainable, low risk form of physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah D Koblinsky
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Liesel-Ann C Meusel
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Toronto Rehabilitation Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Carol E Greenwood
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nicole D Anderson
- Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Departments of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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14
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Farina M, Breno Costa D, Webber de Oliveira JA, Polidoro Lima M, Machado WDL, Moret-Tatay C, Fernandes Lopes RM, Argimon IIDL, Irigaray TQ. Cognitive function of Brazilian elderly persons: longitudinal study with non-clinical community sample. Aging Ment Health 2020; 24:1807-1814. [PMID: 31282174 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2019.1636203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Several biopsychosocial changes in individuals' life might happen, resulting in a decline of long-term cognitive abilities. In this way, the aim of this study was to compare cognition in non-clinical older adults in Brazil during a four-year period, as well as to examine which variables may explain cognitive function variations identified during this time. For this purpose, a longitudinal study was developed including 108 older Brazilians in phase I and 64 in phase II, from 2013 to 2017. Socio-demographic variables were assessed and the following instruments were administered: the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) - 3rd Edition - Digital Symbol-Coding subtests, the Verbal Fluency Test (animal category), the Rey Auditory-Verbal Learning Test, the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and the Geriatric Depression Scale 15-item version (GDS-15). In order to compare cognitive variables, the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for repeated measures was used. Temporal comparisons of nominal variables were carried out using McNemar's chi-square tests for matched pairs. Finally, multiple linear regression and correlation analyses were applied, using the participants' cognitive performance variation scores (Δ) as dependent variables. Global cognitive function delayed verbal episodic memory, and processing speed experienced a significant decline in four years. Symptoms of anxiety were the main predictor of cognitive performance variations in this sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianne Farina
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Dalton Breno Costa
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - João André Webber de Oliveira
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Centro Universitário Ritter dos Reis (UniRitter), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | - Carmen Moret-Tatay
- Universidad Católica Valencia - San Vicente Mártir (UCV), Valencia, Spain
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15
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Effects of incidental physical activity on morphosyntactic processing in aging. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0239727. [PMID: 32991617 PMCID: PMC7523944 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Older adults have difficulties in sentence comprehension when working memory (WM) load increases (e.g., multiple embedded clauses). Structured physical activity has been related to improvements in cognition; however, incidental physical activity (PA, i.e., unstructured daily physical activities), particularly incidental vigorous activity has been poorly studied in relation to its effects on behavior. Furthermore, no positive effect on language has been reported in either form of physical activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate how two levels of PA (high or low) affect WM processing and how this, in turn, may affect morphosyntactic processing in older adults. Individuals with high PA (n = 18) had a higher WM load effect than those with low PA (n = 18), both behaviorally (greater differences between high and low WM loads in correct responses) and in terms of event-related potentials (only subjects with high PA showed LAN and P600b amplitude differences between high and low WM loads). These findings suggest that PA promotes cognitive strategies to face WM loads and morphosyntactic processing.
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16
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de Frutos-Lucas J, Cuesta P, Ramírez-Toraño F, Nebreda A, Cuadrado-Soto E, Peral-Suárez Á, Lopez-Sanz D, Bruña R, Marcos-de Pedro S, Delgado-Losada ML, López-Sobaler AM, Concepción Rodríguez-Rojo I, Barabash A, Serrano Rodriguez JM, Laws SM, Dolado AM, López-Higes R, Brown BM, Maestú F. Age and APOE genotype affect the relationship between objectively measured physical activity and power in the alpha band, a marker of brain disease. Alzheimers Res Ther 2020; 12:113. [PMID: 32962736 PMCID: PMC7507658 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-020-00681-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electrophysiological studies show that reductions in power within the alpha band are associated with the Alzheimer's disease (AD) continuum. Physical activity (PA) is a protective factor that has proved to reduce AD risk and pathological brain burden. Previous research has confirmed that exercise increases power in the alpha range. However, little is known regarding whether other non-modifiable risk factors for AD, such as increased age or APOE ε4 carriage, alter the association between PA and power in the alpha band. METHODS The relationship between PA and alpha band power was examined in a sample of 113 healthy adults using magnetoencephalography. Additionally, we explored whether ε4 carriage and age modulate this association. The correlations between alpha power and gray matter volumes and cognition were also investigated. RESULTS We detected a parieto-occipital cluster in which PA positively correlated with alpha power. The association between PA and alpha power remained following stratification of the cohort by genotype. Younger and older adults were investigated separately, and only younger adults exhibited a positive relationship between PA and alpha power. Interestingly, when four groups were created based on age (younger-older adult) and APOE (E3/E3-E3/E4), only younger E3/E3 (least predicted risk) and older E3/E4 (greatest predicted risk) had associations between greater alpha power and higher PA. Among older E3/E4, greater alpha power in these regions was associated with improved memory and preserved brain structure. CONCLUSION PA could protect against the slowing of brain activity that characterizes the AD continuum, where it is of benefit for all individuals, especially E3/E4 older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaisalmer de Frutos-Lucas
- Collaborative Genomics Group, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, 6027, Australia.
- Biological and Health Psychology Department, School of Psychology, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience (UCM-UPM), Center for Biomedical Technology, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la UPM, Crta. M40, Km. 38, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Pablo Cuesta
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience (UCM-UPM), Center for Biomedical Technology, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la UPM, Crta. M40, Km. 38, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
- Experimental Psychology Department, School of Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcon, Spain
| | - Federico Ramírez-Toraño
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience (UCM-UPM), Center for Biomedical Technology, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la UPM, Crta. M40, Km. 38, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
- Experimental Psychology Department, School of Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcon, Spain
| | - Alberto Nebreda
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience (UCM-UPM), Center for Biomedical Technology, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la UPM, Crta. M40, Km. 38, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
- Experimental Psychology Department, School of Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcon, Spain
| | - Esther Cuadrado-Soto
- Departamento de Nutricion y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- IMDEA-Food, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, 28049, Spain
| | - África Peral-Suárez
- Departamento de Nutricion y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Lopez-Sanz
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience (UCM-UPM), Center for Biomedical Technology, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la UPM, Crta. M40, Km. 38, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychobiology and Methodology in Behavioral Sciences, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Spain
| | - Ricardo Bruña
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience (UCM-UPM), Center for Biomedical Technology, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la UPM, Crta. M40, Km. 38, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
- Experimental Psychology Department, School of Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcon, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Marcos-de Pedro
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience (UCM-UPM), Center for Biomedical Technology, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la UPM, Crta. M40, Km. 38, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Especialidades Medicas y Salud Pública, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, 28922, Alcorcon, Spain
| | - María Luisa Delgado-Losada
- Experimental Psychology Department, School of Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcon, Spain
| | - Ana María López-Sobaler
- Departamento de Nutricion y Ciencia de los Alimentos, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Concepción Rodríguez-Rojo
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience (UCM-UPM), Center for Biomedical Technology, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la UPM, Crta. M40, Km. 38, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Physiotherapy and Nursing Faculty, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, 45004, Spain
| | - Ana Barabash
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Clinico San Carlos and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Psicología, Centro Universitario Villanueva, 28034, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Serrano Rodriguez
- Biological and Health Psychology Department, School of Psychology, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Simon M Laws
- Collaborative Genomics Group, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, 6027, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, 6102, Australia
| | - Alberto Marcos Dolado
- Neurology Department, Hospital Clinico San Carlos and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ramón López-Higes
- Experimental Psychology Department, School of Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcon, Spain
| | - Belinda M Brown
- Discipline of Exercise Science, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, 6150, Australia
| | - Fernando Maestú
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience (UCM-UPM), Center for Biomedical Technology, Parque Científico y Tecnológico de la UPM, Crta. M40, Km. 38, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
- Experimental Psychology Department, School of Psychology, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28223, Pozuelo de Alarcon, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28029, Madrid, Spain
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17
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Phansikar M, Mullen SP. Exploring Active Travel and Leisure-Time Physical Activity Relationships With Cognition Among Older Adults. J Aging Phys Act 2020; 28:580-587. [PMID: 31785586 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2019-0125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) is known to benefit cognition among older adults, but the impact of active travel is unclear. To explore this relationship, data from the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (N = 2,702; mean age = 70) were retrieved on the self-reported frequency and duration of active travel (walking/cycling for transport, >20 min), LTPA engagement (e.g., sport), and three cognitive outcomes. Four groups were created according to physical activity guidelines (600 metabolic equivalent of task/week): inactive (n = 1,790), active travelers (n = 210), engaging in LTPA (n = 579), and engaging in both (n = 123). Analysis of covariance (and follow-up comparisons) revealed a significant main effect for each cognition variable, after adjusting for the covariates, indicating that those engaging in LTPA performed the best. Although correlational, these findings suggest that LTPA engagement may be important for cognition among older adults, but active travel did not provide added benefit.
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18
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Blocker EM, Fry AC, Luebbers PE, Burns JM, Perales-Puchalt J, Hansen DM, Vidoni ED. Promoting Alzheimer's Risk-Reduction through Community-Based Lifestyle Education and Exercise in Rural America: A Pilot Intervention. Kans J Med 2020; 13:179-185. [PMID: 32695261 PMCID: PMC7363174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rural Americans (RA) have poorer vascular health and physical activity levels than their urban counterparts; all are dementia risk factors. Dementia risk reduction among rural individuals requires a tailored approach. The purpose of this project was to examine preliminary efficacy of a community-based physical exercise and/or dementia risk factor-reduction curriculum among rural adults 50 and older. METHODS Seventy-five rural dwelling adults 50 and older were randomized to one of three groups: 1) 10 weeks of Alzheimer's disease risk-reduction education (ED), 2) risk-reduction education and supervised exercise (EDEX) or 3) control group (CON). Outcomes included baseline to 10-week follow-up difference in dementia knowledge (primary outcome) and physical activity, muscular endurance, healthy lifestyle engagement, and anthropometrics (secondary outcomes). RESULTS Sixty-nine adults successfully completed the 10-week study. Dementia knowledge increased in a Treatment Arm-dependent manner (χ2 = 6.95 (2), p = 0.03), being ED and EDEX superior to CON. Engagement in healthy lifestyle behaviors did not change statistically. However, participation specifically in physical activity increased over time (χ2 = 11.47 (2), p = 0.003) with EDEX reporting the greatest increases. No significant change in average daily steps was observed for any group. CONCLUSION The results suggested dementia risk-reduction education, both with and without structured exercise, leads to improvements in dementia knowledge. When coupled with regular, supervised exercise, this education intervention also helped participants increase engagement in physical activity over 10 weeks. Tailored interventions that combine Alzheimer's disease education and regular, supervised exercise may help reduce dementia risk in rural communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin M. Blocker
- University of Kansas, Department of Health, Sport and Exercise Science, Lawrence, KS,University of Kansas, Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Fairway, KS
| | - Andrew C. Fry
- University of Kansas, Department of Health, Sport and Exercise Science, Lawrence, KS
| | - Paul E. Luebbers
- Emporia State University, Department of Health, Physical Education, & Recreation, Emporia, KS
| | | | | | - David M. Hansen
- University of Kansas, Department of Educational Psychology, Lawrence, KS
| | - Eric D. Vidoni
- University of Kansas, Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Fairway, KS
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Poulisse C, Wheeldon L, Limachya R, Mazaheri A, Segaert K. The oscillatory mechanisms associated with syntactic binding in healthy ageing. Neuropsychologia 2020; 146:107523. [PMID: 32553723 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Older adults frequently display differential patterns of brain activity compared to young adults in the same task, alongside widespread neuroanatomical changes. Differing functional activity patterns in older adults are commonly interpreted as being compensatory (e.g., Cabeza et al., 2002). We examined the oscillatory activity in the EEG during syntactic binding in young and older adults, as well as the relationship between oscillatory activity and behavioural performance on a syntactic judgement task within the older adults. 19 young and 41 older adults listened to two-word sentences that differentially load onto morpho-syntactic binding: correct syntactic binding (morpho-syntactically correct, e.g., "I dotch"); incorrect syntactic binding (morpho-syntactic agreement violation, e.g., "they dotches") and no syntactic binding (minimizing morpho-syntactic binding, e.g., "dotches spuff"). Behavioural performance, assessed in a syntactic judgement task, was characterized by inter-individual variability especially in older adults, with accuracy ranging from 76 to 100% in young adults and 58-100% in older adults. Compared to young adults, older adults were slower, but not less accurate. Functional neural signatures for syntactic binding were assessed as the difference in oscillatory power between the correct and no syntactic binding condition. In older adults, syntactic binding was associated with a smaller increase in theta (4-7 Hz), alpha (8-12 Hz) and beta (15-20 Hz) power in a time window surrounding the second word. There was a significant difference between the older and young adults: in the alpha range, the condition difference seemed to be in the opposite direction for older versus young adults. Our findings thus suggest that the neural signature associated with syntactic binding in older adults is different from young adults. However, we found no evidence of a significant association between behavioural performance and the neural signatures of syntactic binding for older adults, which does not readily support the predictions of compensatory models of language and ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Poulisse
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2SA, United Kingdom.
| | - Linda Wheeldon
- Department of Foreign Languages and Translation, University of Agder, Varemottak Universitetsveien 25 D, 4630, Kristiansand, Norway.
| | - Rupali Limachya
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2SA, United Kingdom.
| | - Ali Mazaheri
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2SA, United Kingdom; Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2SA, United Kingdom.
| | - Katrien Segaert
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2SA, United Kingdom; Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2SA, United Kingdom.
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20
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Tarasova IV, Volf NV, Akbirov RM, Kukhareva IN, Barbarash OL. Event-Related Desynchronization/Synchronization of Electrical Brain Activity during Modified Odd-Ball Tasks in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0362119719060136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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21
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Fleck JI, Arnold M, Dykstra B, Casario K, Douglas E, Morris O. Distinct Functional Connectivity Patterns Are Associated With Social and Cognitive Lifestyle Factors: Pathways to Cognitive Reserve. Front Aging Neurosci 2019; 11:310. [PMID: 31798441 PMCID: PMC6863775 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2019.00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of diverse lifestyle factors in sustaining cognition during aging and delaying the onset of decline in Alzheimer's disease and related dementias cannot be overstated. We explored the influence of cognitive, social, and physical lifestyle factors on resting-state lagged linear connectivity (LLC) in high-density electroencephalography (EEG) in adults, ages 35-75 years. Diverse lifestyle factors build cognitive reserve (CR), protecting cognition in the presence of physical brain decline. Differences in LLC were examined between high- and low-CR groups formed using cognitive, social, and exercise lifestyle factors. LLC is a measure of lagged coherence that excludes zero phase contributions and limits the effects of volume conduction on connectivity estimates. Significant differences in LLC were identified for cognitive and social factors, but not exercise. Participants high in social CR possessed greater local and long-range connectivity in theta and low alpha for eyes-open and eyes-closed recording conditions. In contrast, participants high in cognitive CR exhibited greater eyes-closed long-range connectivity between the occipital lobe and other cortical regions in low alpha. Greater eyes-closed local LLC in delta was also present in men high in cognitive CR. Cognitive factor scores correlated with sustained attention, whereas social factors scores correlated with spatial working memory. Gender was a significant covariate in our analyses, with women displaying higher local and long-range LLC in low beta. Our findings support distinct relationships between CR and LLC, as well as CR and cognitive function for cognitive and social subcomponents. These patterns reflect the importance of diverse lifestyle factors in building CR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica I. Fleck
- School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Stockton University, Galloway, NJ, United States
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22
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López-Sanz D, Bruña R, de Frutos-Lucas J, Maestú F. Magnetoencephalography applied to the study of Alzheimer's disease. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2019; 165:25-61. [PMID: 31481165 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2019.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is a relatively modern neuroimaging technique able to study normal and pathological brain functioning with temporal resolution in the order of milliseconds and adequate spatial resolution. Although its clinical applications are still relatively limited, great advances have been made in recent years in the field of dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD) in particular. In this chapter, we briefly describe the physiological phenomena underlying MEG brain signals and the different metrics that can be computed from these data in order to study the alterations disrupting brain activity not only in demented patients, but also in the preclinical and prodromal stages of the disease. Changes in non-linear brain dynamics, power spectral properties, functional connectivity and network topological changes observed in AD are narratively summarized in the context of the pathophysiology of the disease. Furthermore, the potential of MEG as a potential biomarker to identify AD pathology before dementia onset is discussed in the light of current knowledge and the relationship between potential MEG biomarkers and current established hallmarks of the disease is also reviewed. To this aim, findings from different approaches such as resting state or during the performance of different cognitive paradigms are discussed.Lastly, there is an increasing interest in current scientific literature in promoting interventions aimed at modifying certain lifestyles, such as nutrition or physical activity among others, thought to reduce or delay AD risk. We discuss the utility of MEG as a potential marker of the success of such interventions from the available literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- David López-Sanz
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience (UCM-UPM), Centre for Biomedical Technology (CTB), Technical University of Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Experimental Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Bruña
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience (UCM-UPM), Centre for Biomedical Technology (CTB), Technical University of Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Experimental Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Jaisalmer de Frutos-Lucas
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience (UCM-UPM), Centre for Biomedical Technology (CTB), Technical University of Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain; Biological and Health Psychology Department, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Fernando Maestú
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience (UCM-UPM), Centre for Biomedical Technology (CTB), Technical University of Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Experimental Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Zaragoza, Spain.
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Reynoso-Alcántara V, Silva-Pereyra J, Fernández-Harmony T, Mondragón-Maya A. Principales efectos de la reserva cognitiva sobre diversas enfermedades: una revisión sistemática. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.psiq.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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