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On making (and turning adaptive to) maladaptive aversive memories in laboratory rodents. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 147:105101. [PMID: 36804263 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Fear conditioning and avoidance tasks usually elicit adaptive aversive memories. Traumatic memories are more intense, generalized, inflexible, and resistant to attenuation via extinction- and reconsolidation-based strategies. Inducing and assessing these dysfunctional, maladaptive features in the laboratory are crucial to interrogating posttraumatic stress disorder's neurobiology and exploring innovative treatments. Here we analyze over 350 studies addressing this question in adult rats and mice. There is a growing interest in modeling several qualitative and quantitative memory changes by exposing already stressed animals to freezing- and avoidance-related tests or using a relatively high aversive training magnitude. Other options combine aversive/fearful tasks with post-acquisition or post-retrieval administration of one or more drugs provoking neurochemical or epigenetic alterations reported in the trauma aftermath. It is potentially instructive to integrate these procedures and incorporate the measurement of autonomic and endocrine parameters. Factors to consider when defining the organismic and procedural variables, partially neglected aspects (sex-dependent differences and recent vs. remote data comparison) and suggestions for future research (identifying reliable individual risk and treatment-response predictors) are discussed.
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EKMEKCİ HS, MUFTAREVİÇ S. Epigenetic Effects of Social Stress and Epigenetic Inheritance. PSIKIYATRIDE GUNCEL YAKLASIMLAR - CURRENT APPROACHES IN PSYCHIATRY 2023. [DOI: 10.18863/pgy.1059315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Social events that cause stress can cause epigenetic changes on living things. The study of the effects of social events experienced by an individual on epigenetic marks on the genome has created the field of social epigenetics. Social epigenetics examines the effects of psychosocial stress factors such as poverty, war trauma and childhood abuse on epigenetic mechanisms. Epigenetic mechanisms alter chemical markers in the genome structure without changing the DNA sequence. Among these mechanisms, DNA methylation in particular may have different phenotypic effects in response to stressors that may occur in the psychosocial environment. Post-traumatic stress disorder is one of the most significant proofs of the effects of epigenetic expressions altered due to traumatic events on the phenotype. The field of epigenetic inheritance has shown that epigenetic changes triggered by environmental influences can, in some cases, be transmitted through generations. This field provides a better understanding of the basis of many psychological disorders. This review provides an overview of social epigenetics, PTSD, and epigenetic inheritance.
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Zhang J, Wang X, Duan H, Chen C, Lu Z, Zhang D, Li S. The Association of Calcium Signaling Pathway Gene Variants, Bone Mineral Density and Mild Cognitive Impairment in Elderly People. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14040828. [PMID: 37107586 PMCID: PMC10137633 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The association of calcium signaling pathway gene variants, bone mineral density (BMD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is poorly understood so far. A total of 878 participants from Qingdao city were recruited in this study. According to the candidate gene selection method, 58 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in eight calcium signaling genes were selected. The association between gene polymorphisms and MCI was revealed by using multiple genetic models. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) were used to summarize the effects of the whole gene. Logistic regression was used to analyze the association between each PRS and MCI. The multiplicative interaction term in the regression models was used to estimate the interaction effects between the PRS and BMD. We observed significant associations of rs6877893 (NR3C1), rs6448456 (CCKAR), and rs723672 (CACNA1C) polymorphisms with MCI. The PRSs of NR3C1 (OR = 4.012, 95% CI = 1.722-9.347, p < 0.001), PRKCA (OR = 1.414, 95% CI = 1.083-1.845, p = 0.011) and TRPM1 (OR = 3.253, 95% CI = 1.116-9.484, p = 0.031) were associated with an increased risk of developing MCI, and the PRS of total genes (OR = 0.330, 95% CI = 0.224-0.485, p < 0.001) was associated with a decreased risk of developing MCI. In interaction effect analysis, the interaction effect of PRKCA and BMD was significant. Genetic variations of the calcium signaling pathway were associated with MCI in older people. There was an interaction effect between PRKCA gene variants and BMD on MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiesong Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266012, China
| | - Xueyan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266012, China
| | - Haiping Duan
- Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266012, China
| | - Zhonghai Lu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266012, China
| | - Dongfeng Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266012, China
| | - Suyun Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266012, China
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Josiah N, Shoola H, Rodney T, Arscott J, Ndzi M, Bush AD, Wilson PR, Jacques K, Baptiste DL, Starks S. Addressing systemic racism and intergenerational transmission of anxiety using Bowenian family therapy with African American populations: A Discursive paper. J Adv Nurs 2023; 79:1714-1723. [PMID: 36825628 DOI: 10.1111/jan.15610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
AIM To examine the intergenerational impact of systemic racism on mental health, depicting the evolution and patterns of anxiety symptoms and the application of the Bowenian family therapy to understand the interrelatedness and long-standing impact of intergenerational trauma in African American families. This article highlights interventions that increase awareness of and promotes physical and mental health for African American populations. DESIGN Discursive Paper. METHOD Searching literature published between 2012 and 2022 in PubMed, SCOPUS, EBSCO Host and Google Scholar, we explored factors associated with systemic racism and generational anxiety. DISCUSSION Evidence-based literature supports the application of the Bowenian family therapy theoretical framework to understand the intergenerational impact of systemic racism and to address the transmission of anxiety symptoms in African American populations. CONCLUSION Culturally appropriate interventions are needed to decrease anxiety symptoms in an attempt to heal intergenerational trauma and to improve family dynamics in African American populations. IMPACT TO NURSING PRACTICE Nurses play an integral role in providing holistic quality patient-centred care for African American populations who have experienced racial trauma. It is critical for nurses to implement culturally responsive and racially informed care with patients that focuses on self-awareness, health promotion, prevention and healing in efforts to address racial trauma. Application of Bowenian family therapy can aid in the reduction of both intergenerational transmission of racial trauma and generational anxiety. NO PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION There was no patient or public involvement in the design or drafting of this discursive paper. The authors reviewed the literature to develop a discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nia Josiah
- Columbia University School of Nursing, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hakeem Shoola
- Columbia University School of Nursing, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tamar Rodney
- Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Joyell Arscott
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Maureen Ndzi
- Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ashley D Bush
- Department of Defense, Department of Human Resources, Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA
| | - Patty R Wilson
- Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Keilah Jacques
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Shaquita Starks
- Emory Nell Hodgson Woodruff, School of Nursing, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Carvalho CM, Coimbra BM, Bugiga A, Marques DF, Kiyomi Ota V, Mello AF, Mello MF, Belangero SI. Hyperarousal Symptom Severity in Women with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Might Be Associated with LINE-1 Hypomethylation in Childhood Sexual Abuse Victims. Complex Psychiatry 2023; 9:44-56. [PMID: 37034826 PMCID: PMC10080193 DOI: 10.1159/000529698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Sexual assault and a history of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) are related to posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) development. Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINE-1) are transposable elements, and their methylation is used to infer DNA global methylation. DNA methylation can be affected by trauma exposition which in turn would be associated with PTSD. Thus, we investigated if the LINE-1 methylation pattern is related to PTSD symptoms in females with a history of CSA. Methods This is a case-control study that examined, at baseline (W1), 64 women victims of sexual assault diagnosed with PTSD and 31 patients with PTSD who completed the 1-year follow-up (W2). Participants were categorized into two groups according to the presence of CSA (PTSDCSA+: NW1 = 19, NW2 = 10; PTSDCSA-: NW1 = 45, NW2 = 21). PTSD symptoms (re-experiencing, avoidance, hyperarousal, alterations in cognition/mood) were assessed using the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale, and the history of CSA was assessed by the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. LINE-1 methylation was measured in three sites (CpG1, CpG2, CpG3) located in the 5'UTR region using bisulfite conversion followed by pyrosequencing. Linear regression models were performed to test the relation between LINE-1 CpG sites methylation and PTSD symptoms. Results We found a negative association between CpG2 methylation and hyperarousal symptoms among those in the PTSDCSA+ group in W1 (adjusted p = 0.003) compared to the PTSDCSA- group (p > 0.05). Still, no association was observed between other PTSD symptoms and other CpG sites. Further, in the longitudinal analysis, LINE-1 hypomethylation was no longer observed in PTSD participants exposed to CSA. Conclusion Our findings suggest that LINE-1 methylation may help understand the relationship between trauma and PTSD. However, more studies are needed to investigate LINE-1 as an epigenetic marker of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Muniz Carvalho
- Department of Psychiatry of Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- LiNC - Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience of Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Messina Coimbra
- Department of Psychiatry of Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute and Amsterdam Neuroscience Research Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Amanda Bugiga
- LiNC - Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience of Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Genetics Division of Department of Morphology and Genetics of Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diogo Ferri Marques
- Department of Psychiatry of Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- LiNC - Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience of Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Vanessa Kiyomi Ota
- LiNC - Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience of Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Genetics Division of Department of Morphology and Genetics of Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andrea Feijó Mello
- Department of Psychiatry of Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Feijó Mello
- Department of Psychiatry of Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sintia Iole Belangero
- LiNC - Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience of Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Genetics Division of Department of Morphology and Genetics of Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Yun JY, Jin MJ, Kim S, Lee SH. Stress-related cognitive style is related to volumetric change of the hippocampus and FK506 binding protein 5 polymorphism in post-traumatic stress disorder. Psychol Med 2022; 52:1243-1254. [PMID: 32892762 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720002949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) show a different stress-related cognitive style compared with healthy controls (HC). The FK506 binding protein 5 gene (FKBP5), one of the PTSD known risk factors, is involved in the stress response through the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and brain volumetric alterations. The present study aimed to uncover the neural correlates of stress-related cognitive styles through the analysis of the regional brain volumes and FKBP5 genotype in patients with PTSD compared with HC. METHODS In this study, 51 patients with PTSD and 94 HC were assessed for stress-related cognitive styles, PTSD symptoms severity, and genotype of FKBP5 single nucleotide polymorphisms, and underwent T1-weighted structural magnetic resonance imaging. Diagnosis-by-genotype interaction for regional brain volumes was examined in 16 brain regions of interest. RESULTS Patients with PTSD showed significantly higher levels of catastrophizing, ruminative response, and repression, and reduced distress aversion and positive reappraisal compared with HC (p < 0.001). Significant diagnosis-by-genotype interactions for regional brain volumes were observed for bilateral hippocampi and left frontal operculum. A significant positive correlation between the severity of the repression and left hippocampal volume was found in a subgroup of patients with PTSD with FKBP5 rs3800373 (AA genotype) or rs1360780 (CC genotype). CONCLUSIONS The present study showed the influences of FKBP5 genotype on the distorted cognitive styles in PTSD by measuring the volumetric alteration of hippocampal regions, providing a possible role of the hippocampus and left frontal operculum as significant neurobiological correlates of PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Je-Yeon Yun
- Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Yeongeon Student Support Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jin Jin
- Department of Psychiatry, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan, Republic of Korea
- Institute of General Education, Kongju National University, Gongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkean Kim
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Seung-Hwan Lee
- Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Clinical Emotion and Cognition Research Laboratory, Inje University, Goyang, Republic of Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Republic of Korea
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Prenatal earthquake stress exposure in different gestational trimesters is associated with methylation changes in the glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) and long-term working memory in adulthood. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:176. [PMID: 35487912 PMCID: PMC9054818 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01945-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal stress exposure is thought to affect the long-term development of the foetal brain via the HPA axis and to change health outcomes in adulthood, including working memory (WM). The potential mechanism is that there is a critical period of brain development of the foetus, which is a result of selective adaptation to the external environment. The human glucocorticoid gene (NR3C1) is associated with memory and cognition. This study investigates the association between earthquake stress during pregnancy and CpG methylation of the NR3C1 exon 1F promoter and its influence on working memory in adulthood. DNA methylation analysis using bisulfite sequencing PCR was quantified in 176 subjects who were exposed or not exposed to intrauterine earthquake and were divided into three groups based on the pregnancy trimester. The Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R) and Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R) were used to assess working memory performance. The methylated NR3C1 exon 1F promoter of the prenatal earthquake exposure (PEE) group was significantly higher than that of the control group (CN). Analysis of subgroups indicated that the subjects in the second trimester of PEE group showed significantly higher methylation than those in the third trimester. Significantly low BVMT-R scores were detected in those who experienced prenatal earthquake in the second trimester of PEE group. Methylated CpG site 1 may play a critical role in contributing to lower BVMT-R scores in the second trimester in the PEE group, and may offer a potential epigenetic mechanism that links prenatal stress and long-term effects on working memory.
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Pant U, Frishkopf M, Park T, Norris CM, Papathanassoglou E. A Neurobiological Framework for the Therapeutic Potential of Music and Sound Interventions for Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms in Critical Illness Survivors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19053113. [PMID: 35270804 PMCID: PMC8910287 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19053113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Overview: Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has emerged as a severely debilitating psychiatric disorder associated with critical illness. Little progress has been made in the treatment of post-intensive care unit (ICU) PTSD. Aim: To synthesize neurobiological evidence on the pathophysiology of PTSD and the brain areas involved, and to highlight the potential of music to treat post-ICU PTSD. Methods: Critical narrative review to elucidate an evidence-based neurobiological framework to inform the study of music interventions for PTSD post-ICU. Literature searches were performed in PubMed and CINAHL. The Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles (SANRA) guided reporting. Results: A dysfunctional HPA axis feedback loop, an increased amygdalic response, hippocampal atrophy, and a hypoactive prefrontal cortex contribute to PTSD symptoms. Playing or listening to music can stimulate neurogenesis and neuroplasticity, enhance brain recovery, and normalize stress response. Additionally, evidence supports effectiveness of music to improve coping and emotional regulation, decrease dissociation symptoms, reduce depression and anxiety levels, and overall reduce severity of PTSD symptoms. Conclusions: Despite the lack of music interventions for ICU survivors, music has the potential to help people suffering from PTSD by decreasing amygdala activity, improving hippocampal and prefrontal brain function, and balancing the HPA-axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usha Pant
- Faculty of Nursing, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy (ECHA), University of Alberta, 11405-87th Ave, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada; (U.P.); (T.P.); (C.M.N.)
| | - Michael Frishkopf
- Department of Music, Faculty of Arts, University of Alberta, 3-98 Fine Arts Building, Edmonton, AB T6G 2C9, Canada;
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Walter C. MacKenzie Health Sciences Centre, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R7, Canada
- Canadian Centre for Ethnomusicology (CCE), University of Alberta, 11204-89 Ave NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J4, Canada
| | - Tanya Park
- Faculty of Nursing, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy (ECHA), University of Alberta, 11405-87th Ave, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada; (U.P.); (T.P.); (C.M.N.)
| | - Colleen M. Norris
- Faculty of Nursing, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy (ECHA), University of Alberta, 11405-87th Ave, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada; (U.P.); (T.P.); (C.M.N.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Walter C. MacKenzie Health Sciences Centre, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R7, Canada
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, ECHA 4-081, 11405-87 Ave NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada
- Cardiovascular Health and Stroke Strategic Clinical Network, Alberta Health Services Corporate Office Seventh Street Plaza 14th Floor, North Tower 10030-107 Street NW, Edmonton, AB T5J 3E4, Canada
| | - Elizabeth Papathanassoglou
- Faculty of Nursing, Edmonton Clinic Health Academy (ECHA), University of Alberta, 11405-87th Ave, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada; (U.P.); (T.P.); (C.M.N.)
- Neurosciences Rehabilitation & Vision Strategic Clinical Network, Alberta Health Services Corporate Office Seventh Street Plaza 14th Floor, North Tower 10030-107 Street NW, Edmonton, AB T5J 3E4, Canada
- Correspondence:
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Carvalho CM, Coimbra BM, Xavier G, Bugiga AVG, Fonseca T, Olff M, Polimanti R, Mello AF, Ota VK, Mello MF, Belangero SI. Shorter Telomeres Related to Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Re-experiencing Symptoms in Sexually Assaulted Civilian Women. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:835783. [PMID: 35664481 PMCID: PMC9161278 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.835783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are short tandem repeats of "TTAGGG" that protect the chromosome ends from deterioration or fusion of chromosomes. Their repeat length shortens with cell division acting as a biomarker of cellular aging. Traumatic stress events during adulthood or childhood have been associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and short leukocyte telomere length (LTL). This study investigated whether LTL was associated with PTSD in a Brazilian sample of sexually assaulted civilian women at two time points: baseline and 1-year follow-up. At baseline, we assessed 64 women with PTSD following sexual assault (cases) and 60 women with no previous history of sexual trauma or mental disorders (healthy controls - HC). At follow-up visit, 13 persistent PTSD cases, 11 HCs, and 11 PTSD remitters patients were evaluated. PTSD diagnosis and severity were assessed using Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders III/IV criteria) and Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale for DSM-5 (CAPS-5), respectively. LTL was measured using multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In the baseline analysis, we observed that LTL was associated with re-experiencing symptoms (B = -0.16; confidence interval (CI) 95% = -0.027--0.005; Bonferroni-adjusted p-value = 0.02), but no association was observed between other PTSD symptoms and LTL. In the longitudinal analysis, telomere shortening was no longer observed in patients with PTSD and PTSD remitters. In conclusion, our findings indicate that shorter baseline LTL is associated with early stage of PTSD re-experiencing symptoms in recently sexually assaulted women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Muniz Carvalho
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,LiNC - Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno Messina Coimbra
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute and Amsterdam Neuroscience Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gabriela Xavier
- LiNC - Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Genetics Division of Department of Morphology, Genetics of Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda V G Bugiga
- LiNC - Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Genetics Division of Department of Morphology, Genetics of Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tamiris Fonseca
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,LiNC - Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Miranda Olff
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute and Amsterdam Neuroscience Research Institute, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,ARQ National Psychotrauma Centre, Diemen, Netherlands
| | - Renato Polimanti
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, VA CT Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, United States
| | - Andrea Feijó Mello
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Kiyomi Ota
- LiNC - Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Genetics Division of Department of Morphology, Genetics of Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Feijó Mello
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sintia Iole Belangero
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,LiNC - Laboratory of Integrative Neuroscience, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Genetics Division of Department of Morphology, Genetics of Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Qi R, Luo Y, Zhang L, Weng Y, Surento W, Xu Q, Jahanshad N, Li L, Cao Z, Lu GM, Thompson PM. Decreased functional connectivity of hippocampal subregions and methylation of the NR3C1 gene in Han Chinese adults who lost their only child. Psychol Med 2021; 51:1310-1319. [PMID: 31983347 PMCID: PMC7938667 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720000045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Losing one's only child is a major traumatic life event that may lead to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD); however, the underlying mechanisms of its psychological consequences remain poorly understood. Here, we investigated subregional hippocampal functional connectivity (FC) networks based on resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and the deoxyribonucleic acid methylation of the human glucocorticoid receptor gene (NR3C1) in adults who had lost their only child. METHODS A total of 144 Han Chinese adults who had lost their only child (51 adults with PTSD and 93 non-PTSD adults [trauma-exposed controls]) and 50 controls without trauma exposure were included in this fMRI study (age: 40-67 years). FCs between hippocampal subdivisions (four regions in each hemisphere: cornu ammonis1 [CA1], CA2, CA3, and dentate gyrus [DG]) and methylation levels of the NR3C1 gene were compared among the three groups. RESULTS Trauma-exposed adults, regardless of PTSD diagnosis, had weaker positive FC between the left hippocampal CA1, left DG, and the posterior cingulate cortex, and weaker negative FC between the right CA1, right DG, and several frontal gyri, relative to healthy controls. Compared to non-PTSD adults, PTSD adults showed decreased negative FC between the right CA1 region and the right middle/inferior frontal gyri (MFG/IFG), and decreased negative FC between the right DG and the right superior frontal gyrus and left MFG. Both trauma-exposed groups showed lower methylation levels of the NR3C1 gene. CONCLUSIONS Adults who had lost their only child may experience disrupted hippocampal network connectivity and NR3C1 methylation status, regardless of whether they have developed PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongfeng Qi
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210002, China
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, 90292, USA
| | - Yifeng Luo
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Wuxi, 75 Tongzhenguan Road, 214200, Wuxi, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Mental Health Institute, the Second Xiangya Hospital, National Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Yifei Weng
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210002, China
| | - Wesley Surento
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, 90292, USA
| | - Qiang Xu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210002, China
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, 90292, USA
| | - Lingjiang Li
- Mental Health Institute, the Second Xiangya Hospital, National Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Zhihong Cao
- Department of Radiology, The Affiliated Yixing Hospital of Jiangsu University, Wuxi, 75 Tongzhenguan Road, 214200, Wuxi, China
| | - Guang Ming Lu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210002, China
| | - Paul M. Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, 90292, USA
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Wheater ENW, Stoye DQ, Cox SR, Wardlaw JM, Drake AJ, Bastin ME, Boardman JP. DNA methylation and brain structure and function across the life course: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 113:133-156. [PMID: 32151655 PMCID: PMC7237884 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
MRI has enhanced our capacity to understand variations in brain structure and function conferred by the genome. We identified 60 studies that report associations between DNA methylation (DNAm) and human brain structure/function. Forty-three studies measured candidate loci DNAm; seventeen measured epigenome-wide DNAm. MRI features included region-of-interest and whole-brain structural, diffusion and functional imaging features. The studies report DNAm-MRI associations for: neurodevelopment and neurodevelopmental disorders; major depression and suicidality; alcohol use disorder; schizophrenia and psychosis; ageing, stroke, ataxia and neurodegeneration; post-traumatic stress disorder; and socio-emotional processing. Consistency between MRI features and differential DNAm is modest. Sources of bias: variable inclusion of comparator groups; different surrogate tissues used; variation in DNAm measurement methods; lack of control for genotype and cell-type composition; and variations in image processing. Knowledge of MRI features associated with differential DNAm may improve understanding of the role of DNAm in brain health and disease, but caution is required because conventions for linking DNAm and MRI data are not established, and clinical and methodological heterogeneity in existing literature is substantial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily N W Wheater
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David Q Stoye
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Simon R Cox
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna M Wardlaw
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda J Drake
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mark E Bastin
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - James P Boardman
- Medical Research Council Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
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12
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Lebow MA, Schroeder M, Tsoory M, Holzman-Karniel D, Mehta D, Ben-Dor S, Gil S, Bradley B, Smith AK, Jovanovic T, Ressler KJ, Binder EB, Chen A. Glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper "quantifies" stressors and increases male susceptibility to PTSD. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:178. [PMID: 31346158 PMCID: PMC6658561 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0509-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) selectively develops in some individuals exposed to a traumatic event. Genetic and epigenetic changes in glucocorticoid pathway sensitivity may be essential for understanding individual susceptibility to PTSD. This study focuses on PTSD markers in the glucocorticoid pathway, spotlighting glucocorticoid-induced leucine zipper (GILZ), a transcription factor encoded by the gene Tsc22d3 on the X chromosome. We propose that GILZ uniquely "quantifies" exposure to stressors experienced from late gestation to adulthood and that low levels of GILZ predispose individuals to PTSD in males only. GILZ mRNA and methylation were measured in 396 male and female human blood samples from the Grady Trauma Project cohort (exposed to multiple traumatic events). In mice, changes in glucocorticoid pathway genes were assessed following exposure to stressors at distinct time points: (i) CRF-induced prenatal stress (CRF-inducedPNS) with, or without, additional exposure to (ii) PTSD induction protocol in adulthood, which induces PTSD-like behaviors in a subset of mice. In humans, the number of traumatic events correlated negatively with GILZ mRNA levels and positively with % methylation of GILZ in males only. In male mice, we observed a threefold increase in the number of offspring exhibiting PTSD-like behaviors in those exposed to both CRF-inducedPNS and PTSD induction. This susceptibility was associated with reduced GILZ mRNA levels and epigenetic changes, not found in females. Furthermore, virus-mediated shRNA knockdown of amygdalar GILZ increased susceptibility to PTSD. Mouse and human data confirm that dramatic alterations in GILZ occur in those exposed to a stressor in early life, adulthood or both. Therefore, GILZ levels may help identify at-risk populations for PTSD prior to additional traumatic exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya A. Lebow
- 0000 0004 0604 7563grid.13992.30Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel ,0000 0000 9497 5095grid.419548.5Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Mariana Schroeder
- 0000 0004 0604 7563grid.13992.30Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel ,0000 0000 9497 5095grid.419548.5Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Tsoory
- 0000 0004 0604 7563grid.13992.30Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dorin Holzman-Karniel
- 0000 0004 0604 7563grid.13992.30Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Divya Mehta
- 0000 0000 9497 5095grid.419548.5Department of Translational Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany
| | - Shifra Ben-Dor
- 0000 0004 0604 7563grid.13992.30Department of Biological Services, Bioinformatics and Biological Computing Unit, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shosh Gil
- 0000 0004 0604 7563grid.13992.30Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100 Rehovot, Israel
| | - Bekh Bradley
- 0000 0004 0419 4084grid.414026.5Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA USA ,0000 0001 0941 6502grid.189967.8Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Alicia K. Smith
- 0000 0001 0941 6502grid.189967.8Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Tanja Jovanovic
- 0000 0001 0941 6502grid.189967.8Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Kerry J. Ressler
- 0000 0001 0941 6502grid.189967.8Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Elisabeth B. Binder
- 0000 0000 9497 5095grid.419548.5Department of Translational Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804 Munich, Germany ,0000 0001 0941 6502grid.189967.8Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322 USA
| | - Alon Chen
- Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann Institute of Science, 76100, Rehovot, Israel. .,Department of Stress Neurobiology and Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, 80804, Munich, Germany.
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13
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Chen J, Liu J, Calhoun VD. The Translational Potential of Neuroimaging Genomic Analyses To Diagnosis And Treatment In The Mental Disorders. PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE. INSTITUTE OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS 2019; 107:912-927. [PMID: 32051642 PMCID: PMC7015534 DOI: 10.1109/jproc.2019.2913145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Imaging genomics focuses on characterizing genomic influence on the variation of neurobiological traits, holding promise for illuminating the pathogenesis, reforming the diagnostic system, and precision medicine of mental disorders. This paper aims to provide an overall picture of the current status of neuroimaging-genomic analyses in mental disorders, and how we can increase their translational potential into clinical practice. The review is organized around three perspectives. (a) Towards reliability, generalizability and interpretability, where we summarize the multivariate models and discuss the considerations and trade-offs of using these methods and how reliable findings may be reached, to serve as ground for further delineation. (b) Towards improved diagnosis, where we outline the advantages and challenges of constructing a dimensional transdiagnostic model and how imaging genomic analyses map into this framework to aid in deconstructing heterogeneity and achieving an optimal stratification of patients that better inform treatment planning. (c) Towards improved treatment. Here we highlight recent efforts and progress in elucidating the functional annotations that bridge between genomic risk and neurobiological abnormalities, in detecting genomic predisposition and prodromal neurodevelopmental changes, as well as in identifying imaging genomic biomarkers for predicting treatment response. Providing an overview of the challenges and promises, this review hopefully motivates imaging genomic studies with multivariate, dimensional and transdiagnostic designs for generalizable and interpretable findings that facilitate development of personalized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Chen
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA
| | - Jingyu Liu
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA, and also with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, NM 87106 USA, and also with the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA
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14
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Yehuda R, Lehrner A. Intergenerational transmission of trauma effects: putative role of epigenetic mechanisms. World Psychiatry 2018; 17:243-257. [PMID: 30192087 PMCID: PMC6127768 DOI: 10.1002/wps.20568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reviews the research evidence concerning the intergenerational transmission of trauma effects and the possible role of epigenetic mechanisms in this transmission. Two broad categories of epigenetically mediated effects are highlighted. The first involves developmentally programmed effects. These can result from the influence of the offspring's early environmental exposures, including postnatal maternal care as well as in utero exposure reflecting maternal stress during pregnancy. The second includes epigenetic changes associated with a preconception trauma in parents that may affect the germline, and impact fetoplacental interactions. Several factors, such as sex-specific epigenetic effects following trauma exposure and parental developmental stage at the time of exposure, explain different effects of maternal and paternal trauma. The most compelling work to date has been done in animal models, where the opportunity for controlled designs enables clear interpretations of transmissible effects. Given the paucity of human studies and the methodological challenges in conducting such studies, it is not possible to attribute intergenerational effects in humans to a single set of biological or other determinants at this time. Elucidating the role of epigenetic mechanisms in intergenerational effects through prospective, multi-generational studies may ultimately yield a cogent understanding of how individual, cultural and societal experiences permeate our biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Yehuda
- James J. Peters Bronx Veterans Affairs Hospital, Bronx, NY, USA
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amy Lehrner
- James J. Peters Bronx Veterans Affairs Hospital, Bronx, NY, USA
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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15
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Kim GS, Smith AK, Nievergelt CM, Uddin M. Neuroepigenetics of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2018; 158:227-253. [PMID: 30072055 PMCID: PMC6474244 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
While diagnosis of PTSD is based on behavioral symptom clusters that are most directly associated with brain function, epigenetic studies of PTSD in humans to date have been limited to peripheral tissues. Animal models of PTSD have been key for understanding the epigenetic alterations in the brain most directly relevant to endophenotypes of PTSD, in particular those pertaining to fear memory and stress response. This chapter provides an overview of neuroepigenetic studies based on animal models of PTSD, with an emphasis on the effect of stress on fear memory. Where relevant, we also describe human-based studies with relevance to neuroepigenetic insights gleaned from animal work and suggest promising directions for future studies of PTSD neuroepigenetics in living humans that combine peripheral epigenetic measures with measures of central nervous system activity, structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace S Kim
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; Medical Scholars Program, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Alicia K Smith
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Caroline M Nievergelt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Monica Uddin
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States.
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