1
|
Nathani TI, Olivieri JG, Tomás J, Elmsmari F, Abella F, Durán-Sindreu F. Post-operative pain after single-visit root canal treatment using resin-based and bioceramic sealers in teeth with apical periodontitis: A randomised controlled-trial. AUST ENDOD J 2024. [PMID: 38887839 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The present study aimed to compare postoperative pain in teeth with symptomatic and asymptomatic apical periodontitis (AP) following a single-visit endodontic treatment using BioRoot™ RCS or AH Plus at 8 h, 24 h and 48 h postoperatively. Postgraduate students performed endodontic treatment on 101 teeth with AP, randomised into two obturation groups. A 100-mm Visual Analog Scale was used to document the intensity of pain at preoperative, 8-h, 24-h and 48-h intervals. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used for normality, and the median and interquartile ranges were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. Preoperative pain (1.90 ± 3.50) was more frequent in teeth with symptomatic AP (p < 0.05). However, no significant differences were observed in postoperative pain at the 8-h, 24-h and 48-h intervals. Pre and postoperative pain were directly associated (p < 0.05). Single-visit root canal treatment in teeth with AP using both sealers resulted in similar levels of postoperative pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tousif Iqbal Nathani
- Department of Endodontics, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Jordi Tomás
- Department of Endodontics, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Firas Elmsmari
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates. Center of Medical and bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Francesc Abella
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates. Center of Medical and bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fristad I, Haug S, Bårdsen A. Biological properties versus solubility of endodontic sealers and cements. Biomater Investig Dent 2024; 11:40863. [PMID: 38903777 PMCID: PMC11187977 DOI: 10.2340/biid.v11.40863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Endodontic sealers and cements used in root canal treatment have different compositions and properties. Common to all materials is that their primary goal is to fill gaps and voids, making a permanent seal of the root canal system. Furthermore, aspects such as antibacterial properties, cytotoxicity, setting time, solubility and biocompatibility are also crucial and ought to be considered. Over the years, a shift in the view on the importance of these aspects has ocurred. Whereas the antibacterial properties were considered important when the technical factors in endodontics were less developed, the sealing ability and biocompatibility have later been considered the most critical factors. The introduction of tricalcium silicate cements and sealers has led to a renewed interest in material properties, as these cements seem to have good sealing ability and at the same time combine favourable antimicrobial effects with excellent biocompatibility. This review discusses how the various properties of root canal sealers and cements may conflict with the primary aim of providing a permanent seal of the root canal system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inge Fristad
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Sivakami Haug
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Asgeir Bårdsen
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Scelza MFZ, Tavares SJO, Scelza P, Ramos GS, Lima Aboud LRD, Piasecki L, Leite PEC, Silva JDD, Soares-Lima SC, Alves GG. A three-dimensional cell culture approach to investigate cytotoxic effects and production of inflammatory mediators by epoxy resin-based and calcium silicate-based endodontic sealer. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:344. [PMID: 38809444 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05743-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to assess the cytocompatibility of epoxy resin-based AH Plus Jet (Dentsply De Trey, Konstanz, Germany), Sealer Plus (MK Life, Porto Alegre, Brazil), calcium silicate-based Bio-C Sealer (Angelus, Londrina, PR, Brazil), Sealer Plus BC (MK Life) and AH Plus BC (Dentsply) through a tridimensional (3D) culture model of human osteoblast-like cells. METHODS Spheroids of MG-63 cells were produced and exposed to fresh root canal sealers extracts by 24 h, and the cytotoxicity was assessed by the Lactate Dehydrogenase assay (LDH). The distribution of dead cells within the microtissue was assessed by fluorescence microscopy, and morphological effects were investigated by histological analysis. The secreted inflammatory mediators were detected in cell supernatants through flow luminometry (XMap Luminex). RESULTS Cells incubated with AH Plus Jet, AH Plus BC, Sealer Plus BC and Bio-C Sealer extracts showed high rates of cell viability, while the Sealer Plus induced a significant reduction of cell viability, causing reduction on the spheroid structure. Sealer Plus and Seaker Plus BC caused alterations on 3D microtissue morphology. The AH Plus BC extract was associated with the downregulation of secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-5, IL-7, IP-10 and RANTES. CONCLUSIONS The new AH Plus BC calcium silicate-based endodontic sealer did not reduce cell viability in vitro, while led to the downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Choosing the appropriate endodontic sealer is a crucial step. AH Plus BC demonstrated high cell viability and downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines, appearing reliable for clinical use, while Sealer Plus presented lower cytocompatibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam F Z Scelza
- Post-graduation Program in Dentistry of Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói,, RJ, Brazil.
- Department of Endodontics, Laboratory of Experimental Culture Cell (LECCel), Faculty of Dentistry, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Sandro J O Tavares
- Post-graduation Program in Dentistry of Fluminense Federal University (UFF), Niterói,, RJ, Brazil
- Department of Endodontics, Laboratory of Experimental Culture Cell (LECCel), Faculty of Dentistry, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Pantaleo Scelza
- Geriatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry of Federal Fluminense University (UFF), Niteroi, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gabriel S Ramos
- Undergraduate of Faculty of Biology Science, Fluminense Federal University, 24210-201, RJ, Niterói, Brazil
| | | | - Lucila Piasecki
- Department of Periodontics and Endodontics, University at Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Paulo Emílio C Leite
- Clinical Research Unit of the Antonio Pedro Hospital, Fluminense Federal University, RJ, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Dornelas da Silva
- Clinical Research Unit of the Antonio Pedro Hospital, Fluminense Federal University, RJ, Niterói, Brazil
- NanoOnco3D, RJ, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Sheila Coelho Soares-Lima
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Program of National Cancer Institute (INCA), 20231-050, Rio de Janeiro, André Cavalcante Street, no 37, Brazil
| | - Gutemberg G Alves
- Clinical Research Unit of the Antonio Pedro Hospital, Fluminense Federal University, RJ, Niterói, Brazil
- Cell and Molecular Biology Department, Institute of Biology, Fluminense Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Niterói, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lee YJ, Cho KM, Park SH, Lee Y, Kim JW. Nanoleakage of apical sealing using a calcium silicate-based sealer according to canal drying methods. Restor Dent Endod 2024; 49:e20. [PMID: 38841379 PMCID: PMC11148404 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2024.49.e20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study investigated the nanoleakage of root canal obturations using calcium silicate-based sealer according to different drying methods. Materials and Methods Fifty-two extracted mandibular premolars with a single root canal and straight root were selected for this study. After canal preparation with a nickel-titanium rotary file system, the specimens were randomly divided into 4 groups according to canal drying methods (1: complete drying, 2: blot drying/distilled water, 3: blot drying/NaOCl, 4: aspiration only). The root canals were obturated using a single-cone filling technique with a calcium silicate-based sealer. Nanoleakage was evaluated using a nanoflow device after 24 hours, 1 week, and 1 month. Data were collected twice per second at the nanoscale and measured in nanoliters per second. Data were statistically analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U-tests (p < 0.05). Results The mean flow rate measured after 24 hours showed the highest value among the time periods in all groups. However, the difference in the flow rate between 1 week and 1 month was not significant. The mean flow rate of the complete drying group was the highest at all time points. After 1 month, the mean flow rate in the blot drying group and the aspiration group was not significantly different. Conclusions Within the limitations of this study, the canal drying method had a significant effect on leakage and sealing ability in root canal obturations using a calcium silicate-based sealer. Thus, a proper drying procedure is critical in endodontic treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Joo Lee
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Kyung-Mo Cho
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Se-Hee Park
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Yoon Lee
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu J, Wu H, Qiu J, Yang S, Xiang D, Zhang X, Kuang J, Xiao M, Yu Q, Cheng X. Novel bioactive nanospheres show effective antibacterial effect against multiple endodontic pathogens. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28266. [PMID: 38560113 PMCID: PMC10979287 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim The current study evaluated the antibacterial activity of a newly developed quaternary ammonium polymethacrylate (QAPM)-containing bioactive glasses (BGs) via a two-step method by our group, namely BGs-HAEMB, and explored its cytotoxicity and biocompatibility. Methods The antibacterial effects of the BGs-HAEMB against planktonic bacteria, bacterial biofilm formation, and experimental root canal biofilms of persistent pathogens (Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus sanguis and Porphyromonas endodontalis) associated with endodontic infection were evaluated in vitro by agar diffusion tests, direct contact tests and live/dead staining. The cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of BGs-HAEMB were evaluated by CCK-8 assays in vitro and a skin implantation model in vivo. Results Compared to three clinically used endodontic sealers (Endofill, AH Plus, and iRoot SP), BGs-HAEMB exhibited the relatively strongest antibacterial effect against E. faecalis, S. sanguis and P. endodontalis after sitting for 14 and 28 days (P < 0.01). SEM images and CLSM images also showed that for each tested bacteria, BGs-HAEMB killed the most microorganism among all the experimental groups, regardless of treatment for 7 days or 28 days (P < 0.05). Besides, the BGs-HAEMB-treated groups showed a relatively low cytotoxicity (RGRs ranging from 88.6% to 102.9%) after 1, 3, and 7 days of exposure. Meanwhile, after 28 days of implantation, the inflammatory grade in BGs-HAEMB treated group was assessed as Grade I, in which the average numbers of inflammatory cells (6.7 ± 2.1) were less than 25. Conclusions BGs-HAEMB exerted a long-term and stable antibacterial effect. The remarkable biocompatibility of BGs-HAEMB in vitro and in vivo confirmed its possible clinical application as a potential alternative in the development of the next generation of endodontic sealers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 145 West Chang-le Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, PR China
- Department of Stomatology, Huangshan City People's Hospital, Huangshan, 245000, Anhui, PR China
| | - Haoze Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 145 West Chang-le Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Jun Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 145 West Chang-le Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Sirui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 145 West Chang-le Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Doudou Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 145 West Chang-le Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xinhua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 145 West Chang-le Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Jinxin Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 145 West Chang-le Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Min Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 145 West Chang-le Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Qing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 145 West Chang-le Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xiaogang Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 145 West Chang-le Road, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zamparini F, Lenzi J, Duncan HF, Spinelli A, Gandolfi MG, Prati C. The efficacy of premixed bioceramic sealers versus standard sealers on root canal treatment outcome, extrusion rate and post-obturation pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Endod J 2024. [PMID: 38606520 DOI: 10.1111/iej.14069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited evidence is available regarding the superior clinical properties of bioceramic sealers comparted with traditional standard sealers. OBJECTIVES This review aimed to answer the following research questions: 'In healthy patients requiring a root canal treatment (P), what is the efficacy of premixed bioceramic sealers (I) compared with traditional root canal epoxy resin-based sealers (C) in terms of survival, success rates (PICO1) sealer extrusion and resorption (PICO2) post-obturation pain (PICO3) (O)?' METHODS Authors independently searched three electronic databases: PubMed (including MEDLINE), Web of Science, Embase and Scopus up to 31 October 2023. This was accompanied by both grey literature and manual search. Detailed selection criteria were applied, namely mature permanent teeth requiring root canal treatment, premixed bioceramic sealer with gutta-percha as an intervention group, a standard filling technique as control group and full-text available in English. A random-effect meta-analysis was used to synthesize the body of evidence regarding the use of bioceramic sealers in root canal treatment and their impact on post-obturation pain. Effect sizes were represented as relative risks on a logarithmic scale for binary outcomes and as mean differences for continuous outcomes. RESULTS A total of 941 articles were identified. Fifteen Comparative clinical studies were finally included. Eleven were randomized clinical trials, and four were prospective clinical trials with control group. The follow-up of these studies was not greater than 2 years. No publication bias was observed in any study. No significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of survival and success rates. A small non-significant lower risk of extrusion was observed for bioceramics. A small, non-significantly lower post-operative-pain within 24-h was observed when bioceramics were used. DISCUSSION The majority of current evidence shows inconsistencies in reporting and is of short-term duration. Robust prospective long-term trials are needed in this area to better support future recommendations. CONCLUSION This systematic review is the first to analyse several clinical outcomes using premixed sealers. Included studies differed in terms of clinical protocol and operator expertise, but reported a similar outcome when comparing bioceramic versus standard sealers. Tooth survival, treatment outcome, post-operative pain and periapical extrusion were similar and presented no significant differences between the two sealer types. REGISTRATION PROSPERO database (CRD42023449151).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fausto Zamparini
- Endodontic Clinical Section, Dental School, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Laboratory of Green Biomaterials and Oral Pathology, Dental School, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jacopo Lenzi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Henry Fergus Duncan
- Division of Restorative Dentistry and Periodontology, Dublin Dental University Hospital, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Andrea Spinelli
- Endodontic Clinical Section, Dental School, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna Gandolfi
- Laboratory of Green Biomaterials and Oral Pathology, Dental School, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlo Prati
- Endodontic Clinical Section, Dental School, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Saini A, Dheeraj M, Johar S, Goyal S, Chahal S, Garg D. Evaluation of Different Root Canal Sealers on Post Operative Pain in Single Visit RCT - A Comparative Study. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND BIOALLIED SCIENCES 2024; 16:S1679-S1684. [PMID: 38882873 PMCID: PMC11174161 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_423_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim To evaluate and compare three different root canal sealers (Endo-Sequence BC, Bio Root RCS and Zinc Oxide Eugenol) on post operative pain in single visit root canal therapies. Material and Methodology 60 subjects with age ranging from 18-60 years were randomly selected depending upon the inclusion criteria. The subjects were then divided into three groups with 20 patients in each. In all the patients' single visit root canal treatment was done followed by obturation using different sealers. In Group I Endo- Sequence sealer was used, in Group II Bio-Root RCS and in Group III Zinc Oxide Eugenol sealers were used respectively. Results statistically significant results were obtained on comparing the efficacy of three groups with Group I proving to be much effect among the three. Conclusion within the limitation of the study it can be concluded that though all the sealers were effective in reducing post-operative pain, patients with Endo Sequence BC sealers evaluated statistically significant results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Saini
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Brs Dental College and General Hospital Sultanpur, Panchkula, Haryana, India
| | - Munish Dheeraj
- Department of Dentistry, Andaman and Nicobar Institute of Medical Sciences, Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
| | - Suksham Johar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Desh Bhagat Dental College and General Hospital, Mandi Gobindgarh, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India
| | - Shweta Goyal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Brs Dental College and General Hospital Sultanpur, Panchkula, Haryana, India
| | - Simran Chahal
- Department of Periodontics, Amrita School of Dentistry, Kerala, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Emam SA, Mahran AH, Elshafei MM. Evaluation of cytotoxicity and adaptability of a novel bioceramic root canal sealer: An in vitro and scanning electron microscope study. JOURNAL OF CONSERVATIVE DENTISTRY AND ENDODONTICS 2024; 27:326-330. [PMID: 38634022 PMCID: PMC11019808 DOI: 10.4103/jcde.jcde_40_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Context Cytotoxicity and adaptability are among the highly imperative tests that should be performed on a novel endodontic material to ensure its successful implementation in endodontic treatment. Aims Assess a recently introduced bioceramic root canal sealer CeramoSeal with TotalFill BC and AH plus sealers regarding the cytotoxicity and adaptability. Materials and Methods Five sealer discs were prepared for each sealer and their extracts were cultured in 96-well plates containing human fibroblasts for 24 h. After their incubation, MTT solution was added to each well plate using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay plate reader was implemented to calculate the percentage of viable cells. Thirty mandibular single-rooted premolars were prepared using the Edge Endo rotary system, teeth were divided into three groups (n = 10) based on the sealer type: Group 1 CeramoSeal, Group 2 Totalfill, and Group 3 AH plus sealer. Teeth were sectioned longitudinally and viewed under a scanning electron microscope where the region with the gaps was identified and quantified as a percentage of the root canal's overall area. Statistical Analysis One-way ANOVA test was used for cytotoxicity, while Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman's tests were used for adaptability. Results Ceramoseal statistically significantly showed the lowest viability, at high concentrations AH plus showed the highest cell viability, while at lower concentration Totalfill BC sealer showed the highest cell viability percentage. The gap percentages were statistically significantly higher in Ceramoseal group, there was no statistically significant difference between AH Plus and Totalfill groups. Conclusions Ceramoseal sealer exhibited the lowest viability and highest gap percentage compared to the other sealers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soha Alaa Emam
- Department of Endodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abeer Hashem Mahran
- Department of Endodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa Mokbel Elshafei
- Department of Endodontic, Faculty of Dentistry, Misr International University, Cairo, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Radwanski M, Rozpedek-Kaminska W, Galita G, Siwecka N, Sokolowski J, Majsterek I, Özcan M, Lukomska-Szymanska M. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of bioceramic root canal sealers compared to conventional resin-based sealer. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4124. [PMID: 38374199 PMCID: PMC10876547 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54726-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of calcium-silicate based sealers and comparing them with a gold standard-an epoxy-based sealant. Two experimental cell lines were used, gingival fibroblasts (hGF) and monocyte/macrophage peripheral blood cell line (SC). The cytotoxicity (XTT assay) and genotoxicity (comet assay) were evaluated both after 24-h and 48-h incubation. Additionally, after 48-h incubation, the cell apoptosis and cell cycle progression was detected. BioRoot Flow induced a significant decrease in hGF cells viability compared to the negative control groups both after 24-h (p < 0.001) and 48-h incubation (p < 0.01). In group with SC cells, after 24-h incubation significant increase in cells viability was detected for AH Plus Bioceramic Sealer in comparison to negative control (p < 0.05). BioRoot Flow and BioRoot RCS can be considered potentially genotoxic for the hGF cells after 48-h incubation (> 20% DNA damage). BioRoot Flow and BioRoot RCS, may have potential genotoxic effects and induce apoptosis in hGF cells which may irritate periapical tissues, resulting in a delayed healing. The findings of the study would be useful in selection of an appropriate sealant for root canal filling without causing cytotoxicity and genotoxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Grzegorz Galita
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Natalia Siwecka
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jerzy Sokolowski
- Department of General Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska Str., 92-213, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Majsterek
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Mutlu Özcan
- Clinic of Masticatory Disorders and Dental Biomaterials, Center for Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Monika Lukomska-Szymanska
- Department of General Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska Str., 92-213, Lodz, Poland.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Al-Askary RA, AL-Ashou WM, Al-Jubori SH. Remineralization ability of different root canal sealers. Saudi Dent J 2023; 35:1014-1022. [PMID: 38170034 PMCID: PMC10759546 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2023.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Aims This research was designed to contrast the biocompatibility and remineralization ability of different sealers (BioRoot, MTA-FillApex and GuttaFlow-Bioseal). Method Twenty rabbits were used in this study, they were randomly divided into 4 groups equally depending on the observation time"3,7,14, and 28 days" post-implantation. Each rabbit was generally anesthetized,"7cm"long incision was made on the skin of the right and left sides of the ventral aspect of the mandible of each rabbit, 4 bony cavities of approximately"5mm"in depth and"2mm"in diameter (2 cavities on the left side and 2 cavities on the right side of mandible of each rabbit) were made in the cortical surface of the buccal alveolar bone. The sealers mixed depend on manufactural instructions and immediately insert into the prepared cavities (in the right side the BioRoot and MTA-FillApex were placed while on the left side, GuttaFlow-Bioseal was placed in one cavity and the other cavity was left unfilled as control).The same volume of each sealer was placed in the corresponding cavity using disposable syringes. After each observation period, the animals were sacrificed and bone biopsy from the tested area was taken and examined histologically using Olympus light microscopy at"400X"magnification. Results The obtained data were analyzed through non-parametric statistical tests using SPSS software version"22".Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann - Whitney test were utilized at"0.05"levels of significance to evaluate the results. GuttaFlow-Bioseal displayed excellent biocompatibility in comparison to other groups indicated by low inflammatory tissue reaction at all evaluation intervals. While the BioRoot group represented better osteo-conductivity although statistically not significant than GuttaFlow-Bioseal group. Conclusion BioRoot and GuttaFlow-Bioseal showed higher osteo-conductivity and biocompatibility than MTA-FillApex. However, all sealer used in this study were well tolerated by bone tissue and might accelerate bone repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raghad A Al-Askary
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
| | - Wiaam M.O. AL-Ashou
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
| | - Sawsan H. Al-Jubori
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yang X, Zheng T, Yang N, Yin Z, Wang W, Bai Y. A Review of the research methods and progress of biocompatibility evaluation of root canal sealers. AUST ENDOD J 2023; 49 Suppl 1:508-514. [PMID: 36480411 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The function of root canal sealer was to achieve an appropriate three-dimensional filling effect by filling the root canal and some irregular lumen, thereby inhibiting the residual bacteria. There were many types of sealers, but research to find the most suitable ones was still ongoing. In recent years, researchers had continuously improved the performance of sealers by developing new sealers or adding active ingredients to the sealers. However, most sealers exhibit varying degrees of cytotoxicity and tissue responses, which affect clinical therapy efficacy. This review describes different technical approaches, and recent research progress in the biocompatibility evaluation of root canal sealers and provides brief insights into this field by summarising the performance studies of different root canal sealers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiliang Yang
- Department of Oral, College of stomatology, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan City, China
| | - Tianxia Zheng
- Department of Oral, College of stomatology, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan City, China
| | - Nuoya Yang
- Department of Oral, College of stomatology, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan City, China
| | - Zihan Yin
- Department of Oral, College of stomatology, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan City, China
| | - Wuliang Wang
- Department of Oral, College of stomatology, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan City, China
| | - Yuhong Bai
- Department of Oral, College of stomatology, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan City, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Boreak NM, Qadi MA, Khormi FH, Faqiri LM, Zaylai SO, Jad YA, Hamdi BA, Juraybi A. Evaluation of Cytotoxicity of Calcium Silicate-based Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Sealers: A Systematic Review of In Vitro Studies. J Contemp Dent Pract 2023; 24:610-619. [PMID: 38193186 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
AIM This review aimed to evaluate the in vitro studies done with regard to the cytotoxicity associated with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA)-based root canal sealers. BACKGROUND Root canal sealers are used during endodontic treatment as fillers to seal the gaps between the canal gutta-percha cone and canal walls. It is necessary to understand the cytotoxicity of these materials on human-derived cells as these materials interact with human cells periapically. REVIEW RESULTS Six in vitro studies were chosen for review. In these selected studies, along with MTA-based root canal sealers, other sealers were tested for cytotoxicity on human periodontal ligament (PDL) stem cells, human PDL fibroblasts, and human osteoblast cells. Regarding cytotoxicity, the studies were diverse, and most were based on 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide) (MTT) assay. In general, the studies suggested that root canal sealers cause mild to severe cytotoxic effects and that several factors influence this effect, such as material setting time, concentration, and duration of exposure. CONCLUSION All studies in the review indicated that MTA. Fillapex must be used cautiously as it exhibited the highest cytotoxic effect compared to other MTA-based and non-MTA-based sealers. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Endodontic sealers do serve the purpose of bridging the gaps between the gutta-percha cone and the canal wall but knowing its biocompatibility becomes important as the material is extruded beyond the apical foramen where it comes in contact with the surrounding tissues. The effect of sealers on the surrounding tissues affects the healing and prognosis of the treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nezar Mohammed Boreak
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia, Phone: +966 599016688, e-mail:
| | - Mazen Ahmed Qadi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Hadi Khormi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Luay Mutaen Faqiri
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sadeem Omar Zaylai
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yaser Ali Jad
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bassam Ali Hamdi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asayil Juraybi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Shokrzadeh M, Motafeghi FS, Lotfizadeh A, Ghorbani M, Haddadi Kohsar A. Cytotoxicity and Mineralization Activity of Calcium Silicate-Based Root Canal Sealers Compared to Conventional Resin-Based Sealer in Human Gingival Fibroblast Cells. Int J Dent 2023; 2023:4376579. [PMID: 37293576 PMCID: PMC10247329 DOI: 10.1155/2023/4376579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Root canal obturation is performed by gutta-percha cones and sealer. Therefore, these materials, specially sealers, must be biocompatible. This study investigated the cytotoxicity and mineralization activity of two calcium silicate-based sealers (Endoseal MTA and Ceraseal) and an epoxy resin-based sealer (AH26). Materials and Methods In this experiment, the cytotoxicity of Endoseal MTA, Ceraseal, and AH26 on human gingival fibroblast cells was examined using Methyl-Thiazol-Tetrazolium assay at time intervals of 24, 48, 72, and 120 hr. The mineralization activity of sealers was evaluated by Alizarin red staining assay. Prism, ver.3, software was used to perform statistical tests. One-way analysis of variance analysis, followed by Tukey's test, was used to determine the group differences. P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results Cytotoxicity of sealers decreased gradually (P < 0.0001). AH26 showed the highest level of cytotoxicity (P < 0.001). In terms of cytotoxicity, no considerable differences were observed between the two-calcium silicate-based sealers (P > 0.05). AH26 showed the lowest mineralization activity (P < 0.0001). Among the calcium silicate-based sealers, mineralization and formation of calcium nodules were more frequently observed in the Endoseal MTA group (P < 0.001). Conclusion The examined calcium silicate-based sealers had less cytotoxicity and higher mineralization activity than the resin-based sealer (AH26). There was negligible difference between the cytotoxicity of the two-calcium silicate-based, but the cell mineralization caused by Endoseal MTA was higher.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Shokrzadeh
- Department of Toxicology-Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Sadat Motafeghi
- Department of Toxicology-Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Anahita Lotfizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | | | - Azam Haddadi Kohsar
- Department of Endodontics, Dental Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
dos Santos GSB, Carvalho CN, Tavares RRDJ, Silva PGDB, Candeiro GTDM, Maia EM. Tissue repair capacity of bioceramic endodontic sealers in rat subcutaneous tissue. Braz Dent J 2023; 34:25-32. [PMID: 37466522 PMCID: PMC10355271 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202305161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the tissue repair capacity of four bioceramic endodontic sealers by quantifying type I and III collagen fibers. The following sealers were tested: EndoSequence BC Sealer (Brasseler, Brasseler, Savannah, USA), Bio C Sealer (Angelus, Londrina, Brazil), Bioroot RCS (Septodont, Santa Catarina, Brazil), and Sealer Plus BC (MKLife, Porto Alegre, Brazil). Polyethylene tubes 1.5 mm in diameter and 1 cm in length containing the endodontic sealers were implanted in the subcutaneous tissue of five rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus, Wistar lineage). After 14 days, the animals were euthanized, and collagen fibers were quantified from the histological tissue sections. Given a non-normal distribution of the data, a gamma regression with log link function was employed and implemented through the generalized linear models module, was used to test whether there was a significant difference between the sealers. The pairwise comparison was performed using Least significant difference. There were significant differences between the sealers for type I (p=0.001), type III (p=0.023), and total collagen (p=0.002). Overall, Bioroot sealer was statistically superior to the other sealers, except in the analysis of type III collagen, in which there was no difference between the Bioroot sealer and Bio C Sealer sealer and the control group (p>0.05). Bioroot RCS bioceramic endodontic sealer stimulates a greater production of collagen.
Collapse
|
15
|
The Use of Premixed Calcium Silicate Bioceramic Sealer with Warm Carrier-Based Technique: A 2-Year Study for Patients Treated in a Master Program. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:jfb14030164. [PMID: 36976088 PMCID: PMC10054578 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14030164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Recently several calcium silicate flowable sealers have been introduced as endodontic materials for the root canal. This clinical study tested the use of a new premixed calcium silicate bioceramic sealer in association with the Thermafil warm carrier-based technique (TF). Epoxy-resin-based sealer with the warm carrier-based technique was the control group. Methodology: Healthy consecutive patients (n = 85) requiring 94 root canal treatments were enrolled in this study and assigned to one filling group (Ceraseal-TF n = 47, AH Plus-TF n = 47) in accordance with operator training and best clinical practice. Periapical X-rays were taken preoperatively, after root canal filling and after 6, 12 and 24 months. Two evaluators blindly assessed the periapical index (PAI) and sealer extrusion in the groups (k = 0.90). Healing rate and survival rate were also evaluated. Chi-square tests was used to analyze significant differences between the groups. Multilevel analysis was performed to evaluate the factors associated with healing status. Results: A total of 89 root canal treatments in 82 patients were analyzed at the end-line (24 months). The total drop-out was 3.6% (3 patients; 5 teeth). A total of 91.1% of healed teeth (PAI 1-2) was observed in Ceraseal-TF, with 88.6% in AH Plus-TF. No significant difference was observed on healing outcome and survival among the two filling groups (p > 0.05). Apical extrusion of the sealers occurred in 17 cases (19.0%). Of these, 6 occurred in Ceraseal-TF (13.3%) and 11 in AH Plus-TF (25.0%). Three Ceraseal extrusions were radiographically undetectable after 24 months. All the AH Plus extrusions did not change during the evaluation time. Conclusions: The combined use of the carrier-based technique and premixed CaSi-based bioceramic sealer showed clinical results comparable with carrier-based technique and epoxy-resin-based sealer. The radiographical disappearance of apically extruded Ceraseal is a possible event in the first 24 months.
Collapse
|
16
|
Saber S, Raafat S, Elashiry M, El-Banna A, Schäfer E. Effect of Different Sealers on the Cytocompatibility and Osteogenic Potential of Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells: An In Vitro Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12062344. [PMID: 36983344 PMCID: PMC10056919 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12062344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: There is tendency for unavoidable sealer extrusion in some clinical cases. This might adversely affect host stem cells and affect healing. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different sealers on the cytocompatibility and osteogenic potential of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs). Methods: The cytotoxic effect of the extracted elutes of VDW.1Seal (VDW.1), Endosequence BC Sealer HiFlow (ES), GuttaFlow-2 (GF), and ADSeal (AD-S) on the hPDLSCs was determined using the MTT assay. Cell proliferation and migration were assessed by the scratch wound healing assay. Osteogenic differentiation potential was assessed. Measurement of pH values and calcium ions release was performed. Results: GF had a significantly higher percentage of viable cells. The cell migration assay showed that GF demonstrated the lowest open wound area percentage. GF and AD-S showed the highest calcium nodule deposition. GF demonstrated higher ALP activity than ES. Expression of RUNX2 and OC genes was similar for all sealers, while OPG gene expression was significantly higher for VDW.1 and GF. ES and AD-S displayed the highest pH values on day 1. Calcium ion release of ES and VDW.1 was significantly the highest. Conclusions: GuttaFlow-2 and VDW.1Seal sealers have favorable behavior toward host stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shehabeldin Saber
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The British University in Egypt (BUE), El Sherouk City 11837, Egypt
- Centre for Innovative Dental Sciences (CIDS), Faculty of Dentistry, The British University in Egypt (BUE), El Sherouk City 11837, Egypt;
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
- Correspondence:
| | - Shereen Raafat
- Centre for Innovative Dental Sciences (CIDS), Faculty of Dentistry, The British University in Egypt (BUE), El Sherouk City 11837, Egypt;
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, The British University in Egypt (BUE), El Sherouk City 11837, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Elashiry
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed El-Banna
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt;
| | - Edgar Schäfer
- Central Interdisciplinary Ambulance in the School of Dentistry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany;
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Tolosa-Monfà A, Veroni A, Blasi-Cabús J, Ballester-Palacios ML, Berástegui-Jimeno E. Cytotoxicity comparison of Bio C Sealer against multiple root canal sealers. J Clin Exp Dent 2023; 15:e110-e117. [PMID: 36911158 PMCID: PMC9994654 DOI: 10.4317/jced.59868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to compare the cytotoxicity of calcium silicate-based endodontic sealer, Bio-C® Sealer, with other calcium silicate-based sealers: BioRoot™ RCS, one silicon-based sealer combined with calcium silicate particles: GuttaFlow® Bioseal, one resin MTA-based root canal sealer: MTA Fillapex®, and an epoxy resin-based sealer: AH Plus®. Material and Methods NIH 3T3 fibroblasts were cultured and sealers extracts were obtained. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by the MTS assay and the optical densities of the solutions were measured with a microplate reader. This study was designed with one sample for each control group and n=10 for each treatment group of the different sealants. The results were classified according to the degree of cell viability and underwent statistical analysis with the ANOVA test (p<0.05). The samples were examined under an inverted microscope to evaluate the effect of each sealer on fibroblast cell morphology. Results Cells incubated with GuttaFlow® Bioseal extract showed the highest cell viability without statistically significant differences with the control group. BioRoot™ RCS and Bio-C® Sealer showed moderate (tending to slight) cytotoxicity and both AH Plus® and MTA Fillapex® showed severe cytotoxicity in comparison with the control group (p<0.05). AH Plus® and MTA Fillapex® were not significantly different from one another; nor was BioRoot™ RCS from Bio-C® Sealer. Microscope examination found that fibroblasts in contact with GuttaFlow® Bioseal and Bio-C® Sealer presented the most similar aspects to the control group both in terms of number and shape. Conclusions Bio-C® Sealer showed moderate (tending to slight) cytotoxicity compared with the control group, GuttaFlow® Bioseal showed no cytotoxicity, BioRoot™ RCS moderate-slight cytotoxicity and AH Plus® and MTA Fillapex® severe cytotoxicity. Key words:Biocompatibility, calcium silicate-based endodontic sealers, cytotoxicity, endodontic sealer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alba Tolosa-Monfà
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alma Veroni
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Blasi-Cabús
- Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sheela S, Nassar M, AlGhalban FM, Gorduysus MO. In Vitro Cytotoxicity and Mineralization Potential of an Endodontic Bioceramic Material. Eur J Dent 2022. [PMID: 36191594 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1750778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The interest in bioceramic materials has been steadily growing for different applications in endodontics. With the continued introduction of new bioceramic-based materials into the market, it is of great importance to assess the biocompatibility before providing recommendations on their clinical use. This study evaluated the in vitro cytotoxicity and mineralization potential of two consistencies of unset premixed bioceramic material (TotalFill BC RRM putty and TotalFill BC sealer) compared with an epoxy resin-based sealer (AH Plus) on osteoblast cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Overall, 100% extracts were obtained by weighing 0.1 g of each material in 1 mL of cell culture media. Primary human osteoblast (HOB) cells (n = 4) were treated with different concentrations (100, 50, 25, 12.50, and 6.25%) of each extract. XTT assay and Alizarin Red S staining were used to evaluate the cytotoxic effect and the biomineralization potential, respectively. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's post hoc tests. RESULTS The cytotoxicity assay after 24 h treatment showed that all materials at high concentrations of the extract (100 and 50%) were toxic to HOB (p < 0.001). On the contrary to TotalFill BC RRM Putty, AH Plus and TotalFill BC sealer were toxic at 25% concentration. However, at 12.5% concentration and lower, all materials were nontoxic. The mineralization potential analyzed after 7 and 14 days showed that TotalFill BC material-treated cells could deposit mineralized nodules in the normal and osteogenic medium unlike AH plus-treated cells. CONCLUSION At low concentrations, TotalFill BC materials showed higher biocompatibility to HOB cells than AH Plus, enhanced the viability of the cells, maintained their typical morphology, and induced the formation of mineralized nodules. Despite the encouraging data, clinical trials are needed to identify the effect of this material on the long-term outcome of endodontic treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Sheela
- Dental Biomaterials and Biomimetics Research Group, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohannad Nassar
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fatma M AlGhalban
- Dental Biomaterials and Biomimetics Research Group, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mehmet O Gorduysus
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Human Primary Odontoblast-like Cell Cultures—A Focused Review Regarding Cell Characterization. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11185296. [PMID: 36142943 PMCID: PMC9501234 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11185296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell cultures can provide useful in vitro models. Since odontoblasts are postmitotic cells, they cannot be expanded in cell cultures. Due to their extension into the dentin, injuries are inevitable during isolation. Therefore, “odontoblast-like” cell culture models have been established. Nowadays, there is no accepted definition of odontoblast-like cell cultures, i.e., isolation, induction, and characterization of cells are not standardized. Furthermore, no quality-control procedures are defined yet. Thus, the aim of this review was to evaluate both the methods used for establishment of cell cultures and the validity of molecular methods used for their characterization. An electronic search was performed in February 2022 using the Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science database identifying publications that used human primary odontoblast-like cell cultures as models and were published between 2016 and 2022. Data related to (I) cell culture conditions, (II) stem cell screening, (III) induction media, (IV) mineralization, and (V) cell characterization were analyzed. The included publications were not able to confirm an odontoblast-like nature of their cell cultures. For their characterization, not only a similarity to dentin but also a distinction from bone must be demonstrated. This is challenging, due to the developmental and evolutionary proximity of these two tissue types.
Collapse
|
20
|
Lin GSS, Sim DHH, Luddin N, Lai JCH, Ghani HA, Noorani TY. Fabrication and characterisation of novel algin incorporated bioactive-glass 58S calcium-silicate-based root canal sealer. J Dent Sci 2022; 18:604-612. [PMID: 37021270 PMCID: PMC10068582 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2022.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose The usage of bioceramic-based root canal sealers has escalated over the years due to their excellent properties. The present study aimed to fabricate a novel algin incorporated bioactive glass 58S calcium-silicate (Bio-G) sealer and characterise its surface microstructure and chemical compositions in comparison to commercially available bioceramic sealers (BioRoot RCS and iRoot SP). Materials and methods The powder form of experimental Bio-G sealer consisted of synthesised BG 58S particle, calcium silicate, zirconia dioxide, calcium carbonate and alginic acid powder as binder. The liquid composed of 5% calcium chloride solution. Five standardised disc specimens were prepared for each sealer group according to the manufacturer's instructions. Subsequently, sealer disc-specimens were placed in an incubator at 37 °C, 95% relative humidity for 72 h to allow setting prior to testing under scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Results Experimental Bio-G sealer revealed irregular micro-sized particles ranging from 0.5 μm to 105 μm aggregated in clusters comparable to those of BioRoot RCS and iRoot SP. EDS microanalysis showed that Bio-G had high content of oxygen, silicon, and calcium, with the presence of aluminium and chloride similar to BioRoot RCS. Meanwhile, the FTIR and XRD findings suggested that all sealers predominantly contained calcium silicate hydrate, calcium carbonate, and zirconium dioxide, while calcium aluminium silicate oxide was detected in Bio-G. Conclusion The present novel Bio-G sealer demonstrated desirable particle size distribution and acceptable degree of purity. Future studies are warranted to explore its properties and clinical application.
Collapse
|
21
|
Ratih DN, Mulyawati E, Santi RK, Kristanti Y. Antibacterial and Cytotoxicity of Root Canal Sealer with the Addition of Chitosan Nanoparticle at Various Concentrations. Eur J Dent 2022. [PMID: 35728614 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1746415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the addition of chitosan nanoparticle with concentrations of 0, 10, 20, and 30% to the epoxy resin-based (ERB) sealer on its antibacterial and cytotoxicity effect. METHODS AND MATERIALS This research was divided into two studies, the first study was the addition of chitosan with a concentration of 0% (as control), 10, 20, and 30% to an ERB sealer on its antibacterial effect, and the second study was on its cytotoxicity. An agar diffusion test was employed to determine the antibacterial effect on Enterococcus faecalis. An MTT (3-{4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl}-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay was utilized to test the cytotoxicity by evaluating cell viability. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS One-way analysis of variance and Tukey's test (α = 0.05) were used to analyze data obtained from each evaluation with a significance level of 95%. RESULTS The addition of chitosan nanoparticles at concentrations 10, 20, and 30% produced a greater inhibition zone of E. faecalis (p < 0.05), however, had less cytotoxicity compared with no addition of chitosan (0%) (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION The addition of chitosan nanoparticles at concentrations 10, 20, and 30% to the ERB sealer produced greater antibacterial and less cytotoxicity compared with no addition of chitosan (0%).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diatri Nari Ratih
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Ema Mulyawati
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Rika Kurnia Santi
- Former Student Specialist, Study Program of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Yulita Kristanti
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Cytotoxicity and Genotoxicity of Epoxy Resin-Based Root Canal Sealers before and after Setting Procedures. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12060847. [PMID: 35743878 PMCID: PMC9227444 DOI: 10.3390/life12060847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Epoxy resin-based sealers are commonly used for successful endodontic treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of epoxy resin-based sealers under unset and set conditions. Three epoxy resin-based sealers were used: Adseal, AH Plus, and Dia-Proseal. To test cytotoxicity, an agar overlay test and a 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay were performed using unset and set sealers on L929 mouse fibroblasts. The genotoxicity test of the comet assay was performed using the same cell line. Extract dilutions in the culture media were used as test materials for the MTT and comet assays. The comet tail produced by the damaged DNA was calculated by image analyses. Statistical analyses were performed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s post hoc test. Unset sealers did not show defined decolorized areas. Hardened specimens of resin-based sealers showed circular discolored zones in the agar overlay test. Dia-Proseal was the least cytotoxic after hardening. These results were confirmed in the MTT assay. Cell viability was significantly higher in cells treated with hardened sealers in both groups than that in cells treated with freshly mixed sealers in the MTT assay. Unset AH Plus® and Dia-Proseal™ significantly increased cell viability with decreasing dilution. Adseal™ was the least cytotoxic. Freshly mixed Adseal™ was more genotoxic when freshly mixed than when set. Unset epoxy resin-based sealers were generally more cytotoxic and genotoxic than set materials. Cytotoxicity does not always match the genotoxicity results; therefore, various test tools are required to test toxicity. It is necessary to properly evaluate the toxic effects to establish a biocompatibility test that mimics clinical conditions.
Collapse
|
23
|
Effect of chlorhexidine digluconate on antimicrobial activity, cell viability and physicochemical properties of three endodontic sealers. Dent Mater 2022; 38:1044-1059. [PMID: 35491276 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Assess the biological and physicochemical properties of AH Plus, BioRoot RCS and Pulp Canal Sealer (PCS) leachates with and without chlorhexidine (CHX). METHODS The sealers were studied in no contact and 1-minute contact with CHX. For biological properties (antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity), leachates were formed in saline of freshly mixed, 1-, 7- and 28 days set sealers. The antibacterial properties of sealer leachates were investigated for planktonic and biofilm growth of E. faecalis, S. mutans, S.epidermidis and S.aureus. The 3-(4,5 dimethylthiazolyl-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to evaluate murine fibroblast cell viability after exposure to the leachates. The physical properties (water uptake, sorption, solubility, porosity, surface characteristics) of sealers and the pH of the immersion liquid (saline or distilled water) were also assessed over a 28-days period. RESULTS CHX improved the antibacterial properties of the sealer leachates and reduced cell viability for all sealer leachates, except for freshly mixed PCS. BioRoot RCS leachates presented the highest antibacterial properties and cell viability with and without CHX contact. PCS was the material most affected by CHX in terms of physical properties, whereas for AH Plus, solubility was increased. CHX did not affect the physical properties of BioRoot RCS, except for solubility that was decreased. CHX contact did not change sealers' alkalinity in distilled water whereas it increased it for AH Plus and BioRoot RCS in saline. SIGNIFICANCE CHX improved the antibacterial efficacy of sealer leachates and either compromised or did not affect cell viability. CHX affected to various extent sealers' physicochemical properties.
Collapse
|
24
|
Root Canal Obturation by Electrochemical Precipitation of Calcium Phosphates. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12062956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Achieving adequate disinfection and preventing reinfection is the major goal in endodontic treatment. Variation in canal morphology and open porosity of dentine prevents achieving complete disinfection. Questionable biocompatibility of materials as well as a lack of sealing ability questions the usefulness of current obturation methods. With a novel disinfection approach based on the use of boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes having shown promising results it was the goal of this series of experiments to investigate the possibility of BDD-mediated in situ forming of a biocompatible obturation material. A combination of calcium phosphate and maleic acid was used as precursor solution while Ion Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (IC-MS), Raman spectroscopy (RAMAN), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dye penetration and micro-computed tomography (µCT) were applied for characterizing the precipitate. It was possible to achieve a BDD-mediated precipitation of brushite in a clinically applicable timeframe. However, tight sealing of the canal system based on brushite could not be achieved.
Collapse
|
25
|
Aminoshariae A, Primus C, Kulild JC. Tricalcium silicate cement sealers. J Am Dent Assoc 2022; 153:750-760. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2022.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
26
|
Comparison of Cytotoxicity of AH Plus and DC Canal SE Sealer After Final Setting. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN DENTAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.52547/jrdms.7.2.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
|
27
|
Touya N, Devun M, Handschin C, Casenave S, Omar NA, Gaubert A, Dusserre N, De Oliveira H, Kérourédan O, Devillard R. In vitroand in vivocharacterization of a novel tricalcium silicate-based ink for bone regeneration using laser-assisted bioprinting. Biofabrication 2022; 14. [PMID: 35203068 DOI: 10.1088/1758-5090/ac584b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Grafts aside, current strategies employed to overcome bone loss still fail to reproduce native tissue physiology. Among the emerging bioprinting strategies, Laser-Assisted Bioprinting (LAB) offers very high resolution, allowing designing micrometric patterns in a contactless manner, providing a reproducible tool to test ink formulation. To this date, no LAB associated ink succeeded to provide a reproducible ad integrum bone regeneration on a murine calvaria critical size defect model. Using the CE approved BioRoot RCS® as a mineral addition to a collagen-enriched ink compatible with LAB, the present study describes the process of the development of a solidifying tricalcium silicate-based ink as a new bone repair promoting substrates in a LAB model. This ink formulation was mechanically characterized by rheology to adjust it for LAB. Printed aside Stromal Cells from Apical Papilla (SCAPs), this ink demonstrated a great cytocompatibility, with significant in vitro positive impact upon cell motility, and an early osteogenic differentiation response in the absence of another stimulus. Results indicated that the in vivo application of this new ink formulation to regenerate critical size bone defect tends to promote the formation of bone volume fraction without affecting the vascularization of the neo-formed tissue. The use of LAB techniques with this ink failed to demonstrate a complete bone repair, whether SCAPs were printed or not of at its direct proximity. The relevance of the properties of this specific ink formulation would therefore rely on the quantity applied in situ as a defect filler rather than its cell modulation properties observed in vitro. For the first time, a tricalcium silicate-based printed ink, based on rheological analysis, was characterized in vitro and in vivo, giving valuable information to reach complete bone regeneration through formulation updates. This LAB-based process could be generalized to normalize the characterization of candidate ink for bone regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Touya
- University of Bordeaux, 146 rue leo saignat, Bordeaux, 33067, FRANCE
| | - Mathilde Devun
- University of Bordeaux, 146 rue leo saignat, Talence, 33405, FRANCE
| | - Charles Handschin
- Inserm U1026, Tissue Bioengineering: Bordeaux, FR, 146 rue leo saignat, Bordeaux, 33067, FRANCE
| | - Sophia Casenave
- University of Bordeaux, 146 rue leo saignat, Talence, 33405, FRANCE
| | - Naïma Ahmed Omar
- University of Bordeaux, 146 rue leo saignat, Talence, 33405, FRANCE
| | - Alexandra Gaubert
- University of Bordeaux, 146 rue leo saignat, Bordeaux, 33067, FRANCE
| | - Nathalie Dusserre
- ART Bioprint, INSERM U1026, 146 rue leo saignat, BORDEAUX, 33067, FRANCE
| | - Hugo De Oliveira
- , Université de Bordeaux, Bioingénierie tissulaire, rue Léo Saignat, 33076 Bordeaux, Bordeaux, 33067, FRANCE
| | - Olivia Kérourédan
- Bioingénierie Tissulaire, INSERM U1026, 146 rue Léo Saignat, BORDEAUX, 33067, FRANCE
| | - Raphael Devillard
- Bioingenierie tissulaire, INSERM U1026, 146 rue leo Saignat, Bordeaux, 33067, FRANCE
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Özdemir O, Kopac T. Cytotoxicity and biocompatibility of root canal sealers: A review on recent studies. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2022; 20:22808000221076325. [PMID: 35164598 DOI: 10.1177/22808000221076325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Many types of endodontic root canal sealers have been employed for the purpose of filling voids and irregularities in root canals, as well as reducing/removing bacterial remnants/remains. Sealers are available in various formulations, and research work to find the most appropriate ones is still ongoing. Recently, many kinds of novel root canal sealers have been introduced under various commercial names. However, most sealers are known to exhibit different levels of cytotoxicity on tissues which would result in prolonged wound healing, inflammation, and bone resorption. Preferably, sealers need to have tolerable biological and physico-chemical properties along with biocompatibility. Additives promoting the biocompatibility and bioactivity of sealers are of major concern in clinical applications. The aim of this review was to compare, evaluate, and analyze comparatively the cytotoxic effects, biocompatibility, and antimicrobial properties of recently used root canal sealers. A comprehensive literature search was made to identify their properties involving biocompatibility and cytotoxicity. In general, the sealers reported in recent literature exhibited favorable biological features in comparison to conventional ones. They promoted better cell viability and biocompatibility. The incorporation of additives influences favorably the potential negative effects. However, it has been highlighted that there is a lack of well-designed long-term clinical applications, and more in vitro and in vivo research work would be helpful to confirm the sustainability of the sealers for further clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olcay Özdemir
- Department of Pedodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey.,Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Karabük University, Karabük, Turkey
| | - Turkan Kopac
- Department of Chemistry, Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Lee T, Kahm SH, Kim K, Yang S. The Retrievability of Calcium Silicate-Based Sealer during Retreatment and the Effectiveness of Additional Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation: A Microcomputed Tomographic Study. SCANNING 2022; 2022:3933305. [PMID: 35136463 PMCID: PMC8803455 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3933305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the retreatability of EndoSeal MTA (Maruch, Wonju, Korea) according to the presence or absence of a canal isthmus and the additional use of passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) through microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) imaging. An epoxy resin sealer (AH Plus (Dentsply DeTrey, Konstanz, Germany)) was used as a reference for comparison. Forty-five artificial mandibular molars (TRUETOOTH #19, DELABS, Santa Barbara, CA) with a mesial canal with an isthmus and a distal canal without an isthmus were obturated using gutta-percha and one of the following sealers (n = 15 each): AH Plus, EndoSeal MTA, and EndoSeal MTA + PUI. Micro-CT scanning was performed to assess the void volume (as a percentage) at three root levels. After the root fillings were removed, second micro-CT scanning was conducted to evaluate the amount of remaining root filling material. The Kruskal-Wallis H test and post hoc analysis were used for between-group comparisons. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparisons between canals with and without an isthmus (p < 0.05). In the EndoSeal MTA group, the void volume and remaining filling materials were higher irrespective of the presence or absence of an isthmus. In apical lesions in the EndoSeal MTA group, the void ratio was significantly lower, and there was a significantly higher amount of remaining filling material. Regardless of the presence of an isthmus, the amount of remaining filling material of the EndoSeal + PUI group was reduced to a similar degree as the AH plus group. When performing retreatment for root canals filled with EndoSeal MTA, removal of the filling material can be more difficult in the apical region. The additional use of PUI can improve the efficacy of removal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- TaeYeon Lee
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 07345, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hoon Kahm
- Department of Dentistry, Eunpyeong St. Mary's Dental Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 03312, Republic of Korea
| | | | - SungEun Yang
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Seoul St. Mary's Dental Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Huang G, Liu SY, Wu JL, Qiu D, Dong YM. A novel bioactive glass-based root canal sealer in endodontics. J Dent Sci 2022; 17:217-224. [PMID: 35028041 PMCID: PMC8739251 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2021.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose Bioactive glass (BG), one type of bioceramics, shows similar or better characteristics to calcium silicate which has been regarded as a promising root filling material in endodontics. This study aimed to develop a novel BG-based root canal sealer for endodontics. Materials and methods The novel BG-based root canal sealer was composed of phytic acid derived bioactive calcium phosphosilicate glass named PSC mixed with zirconium oxide (ZrO2) as powder, and phosphate solution (PS) dissolved with sodium alginate (SA) named PS-SA as liquid. Moreover, the physicochemical properties, mineralization, sealing ability and biocompatibility of the novel BG-based root canal sealer were evaluated. Results This study developed a novel BG-based sealer named BGS-SA-Zr which contained the powder of PSC and ZrO2 and the liquid of PS-SA. Results indicated that the flow, film thickness and radiopacity of BGS-SA-Zr conformed to ISO 6876:2012. The setting time and solubility of BGS-SA-Zr were 53.7 ± 1.5 min and 21.46 ± 0.54%, respectively. The pH value of the simulated body fluid (SBF) immersed with BGS-SA-Zr raised slightly up to 7.70. The CCK-8 assay indicated that BGS-SA-Zr had no cytotoxic effects on MG-63 cells. After immersion in SBF for 4 weeks, dense hydroxyapatite crystals were observed on the surface of BGS-SA-Zr. Furthermore, there was no difference in the sealing ability between BGS-SA-Zr and the bioceramic sealer iRoot SP whether setting at 1 day or immersed in SBF for 4 weeks (P > 0.05). Conclusion Our results suggest that the novel BG-based sealer may be a promising sealer for endodontic treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gang Huang
- Department of Cardiology and Endodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Si-Yi Liu
- Department of Cardiology and Endodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ji-Lin Wu
- Department of Cardiology and Endodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
| | - Dong Qiu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences & University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yan-Mei Dong
- Department of Cardiology and Endodontology, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
A comprehensive in vitro comparison of the biological and physicochemical properties of bioactive root canal sealers. Clin Oral Investig 2022; 26:6209-6222. [PMID: 35660956 PMCID: PMC9525420 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04570-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the biological and physicochemical features of bioactive root canal sealers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (hPDLF) and human osteoblasts (hOB) were exposed to eluates of three bioactive root canal sealers, GuttaFlow® bioseal (GF), BioRoot™ RCS (BR), and TotalFill® BC Sealer (TF), and the epoxy resin-based sealer AH plus® (AH). Cytotoxicity and cellular inflammatory response were evaluated. The osteogenic potential was examined using human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC). Film thickness, flowability, and pH were assessed. Root canal treatment was performed on human extracted teeth to evaluate the sealers' tightness towards bacterial penetration. The antibacterial activity against common pathogens in primary root canal infections was tested. RESULTS AH was severely cytotoxic to hPDLF and hOB (p < 0.001). The bioactive sealers were generally less cytotoxic. IL-6 levels in hPDLF were elevated in the presence of AH (p < 0.05). AH and GF suppressed IL-6 production in hOB (p < 0.05). AH and BR stimulated the PGE2 production in hPDLF and hOB (p < 0.05). BR was the only sealer that led to calcium deposits in hMSC (p < 0.05). TF and AH showed the lowest film thickness and the highest flowability. Bacterial tightness was best in teeth filled with AH and BR. All sealers showed similar antimicrobial activity, but the overall antimicrobial efficacy was moderate as the bacteria were reduced by just one log scale (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study revealed favorable in vitro results regarding the biocompatibility of the bioactive root canal sealers. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Bioactive root canal sealers may be a useful alternative to epoxy resin-based sealers.
Collapse
|
32
|
Ferreira GC, Pinheiro LS, Nunes JS, de Almeida Mendes R, Schuster CD, Soares RG, Kopper PMP, de Figueiredo JAP, Grecca FS. Evaluation of the biological and physicochemical properties of calcium silicate-based and epoxy resin-based root canal sealers. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2021; 110:1344-1353. [PMID: 34951737 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Biocompatibility, dimensional stability, radiopacity, flow, and low solubility are the characteristics of an ideal endodontic sealer. This study evaluated and compared in vivo and in vitro biological and physicochemical properties of calcium silicate-based sealers: Sealer Plus BC (BC), MTA Fillapex (MF); and resin-based sealers: AH Plus (AHP) and Sealer Plus (SP). Apical papilla cells were exposed to sealer extracts and subjected to MTT, SRB, scratch, alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity (ALP) and Alizarin red staining (ALZ) assays. Sealers were histologically evaluated in connective tissue of Wistar rats in different periods. Radiopacity, film thickness, flow, setting time, pH and element analyses were investigated. BC had better results compared to AHP and MF at hour 72 for MTT assay (p < .05), and the highest cell viability under SRB (p < .05). All sealers presented ALP activity. BC presented the highest mineralized deposition under ALZ (p < .05). BC and MF promoted wound healing. All sealers induced an initial inflammation reaction that decreased over time. Eosinophils were observed at day 7 in MF (p < .05). Despite MF did not present final setting time, the sealers properties were in accordance to ISO 6876/2012 and ASTM C266-08. All sealers presented cell viability and biocompatibility. BC presented higher pH values and bioactivity. The materials tested showed physico-chemical properties in accordance with standards, except for MF setting time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Cardoso Ferreira
- Post Graduate Program in Dentistry, Dental School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lucas Siqueira Pinheiro
- Post Graduate Program in Dentistry, Dental School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Júlia Silveira Nunes
- Post Graduate Program in Dentistry, Dental School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Roberta de Almeida Mendes
- Post Graduate Program in Dentistry, Dental School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | | | - Patrícia Maria Poli Kopper
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Fabiana Soares Grecca
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental School, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Paz JER, Costa PO, Souza AAC, de Oliveira IM, Falcão LF, Falcão CAM, Ferraz MÂAL, Pinto LSS. Bone repair in defects filled with AH Plus sealer and different concentrations of MTA: a study in rat tibiae. Restor Dent Endod 2021; 46:e48. [PMID: 34909412 PMCID: PMC8636085 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2021.46.e48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the effects on bone repair of different concentrations of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) added to AH Plus. Materials and Methods Bone tissue reactions were evaluated in 30 rats (Rattus norvegicus) after 7 and 30 days. In the AH + MTA10, AH + MTA20, and AH + MTA30 groups, defects in the tibiae were filled with AH Plus with MTA in proportions of 10%, 20% and 30%, respectively; in the MTA-FILL group, MTA Fillapex was used; and in the control group, no sealer was used. The samples were histologically analyzed to assess bone union and maturation. The Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were performed for multiple pairwise comparisons (p ≤ 0.05). Results At the 7-day time point, AH + MTA10 was superior to MTA-FILL with respect to bone union, and AH + MTA20 was superior to MTA-FILL with respect to bone maturity (p < 0.05). At the 30-day time point, both the AH + MTA10 and AH + MTA20 experimental sealers were superior not only to MTA-FILL, but also to AH + MTA30 with respect to both parameters (p < 0.05). The results of the AH + MTA10 and AH + MTA20 groups were superior to those of the control group for both parameters and experimental time points (p < 0.05). Conclusions The results suggest the potential benefit of using a combination of these materials in situations requiring bone repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Emanuella Rocha Paz
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, São Paulo University, School of Dentistry, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Priscila Oliveira Costa
- Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Uninovafapi University Center, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Carlos Alberto Monteiro Falcão
- Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Uninovafapi University Center, Teresina, PI, Brazil.,Department of Morphology, Health Science Center, State University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | - Maria Ângela Area Leão Ferraz
- Department of Endodontics, Dental School, Uninovafapi University Center, Teresina, PI, Brazil.,Department of Morphology, Health Science Center, State University of Piauí, Teresina, PI, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Baghdadi I, AbuTarboush BJ, Zaazou A, Skienhe H, Özcan M, Zakhour M, Salameh Z. Investigation of the structure and compressive strength of a bioceramic root canal sealer reinforced with nanomaterials. J Appl Biomater Funct Mater 2021; 19:22808000211014747. [PMID: 34283662 DOI: 10.1177/22808000211014747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A root canal sealer that can increase the resistance of endodontically treated teeth to compressive strength would be of great advantage. The purpose of this study is to use three different nanoparticles: multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), Titanium carbides (TC), and Boron nitrides (BN) into a bioceramic adhesive root canal sealer; BioRoot™ RCS, in an attempt to improve its structural and compressive strength properties. METHODS Three composites of two weight fractions (1- and 2-wt.%) were produced by mixing each nanomaterial separately with a pre-weighed mass of Bioroot powder. The microstructural properties and compressive strength of the different hardened composites obtained were investigated. The composites have been characterized by X-ray Diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. Compression testing was performed. RESULTS The 1-wt.% composites, Bioroot/MWCNTs, and Bioroot/TC, except for the one reinforced with BN, displayed a significant improvement in the compressive strength compared to pristine BioRoot™ RCS. The 2-wt.% composites showed no significant improvement in the compressive strength. CONCLUSION The addition of 1-wt.% MWCNTs and TC nanomaterials can be considered in the future for enhancing the microstructure and compressive strength properties of pristine BioRoot™ RCS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Inaam Baghdadi
- Doctorate School of Science and Technology, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Belal J AbuTarboush
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, King Abdel Aziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Conservative Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University
| | - Ashraf Zaazou
- Petroleum and Chemical Engineering Department, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman.,Department of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Energy, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hasan Skienhe
- Department of Prosthodontic, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mutlu Özcan
- Division of Dental Biomaterials, University of Zürich, Clinic for Reconstructive Dentistry, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mirvat Zakhour
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Materials (LCPM), Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ziad Salameh
- Research Center, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Sfeir G, Zogheib C, Patel S, Giraud T, Nagendrababu V, Bukiet F. Calcium Silicate-Based Root Canal Sealers: A Narrative Review and Clinical Perspectives. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14143965. [PMID: 34300886 PMCID: PMC8306764 DOI: 10.3390/ma14143965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, calcium silicate-based materials have grown in popularity. As root canal sealers, these formulations have been extensively investigated and compared with conventional sealers, such as zinc oxide-eugenol and epoxy resin-based sealers, in in vitro studies that showed their promising properties, especially their biocompatibility, antimicrobial properties, and certain bioactivity. However, the consequence of their higher solubility is a matter of debate and still needs to be clarified, because it may affect their long-term sealing ability. Unlike conventional sealers, those sealers are hydraulic, and their setting is conditioned by the presence of humidity. Current evidence reveals that the properties of calcium silicate-based sealers vary depending on their formulation. To date, only a few short-term investigations addressed the clinical outcome of calcium silicate-based root canal sealers. Their use has been showed to be mainly based on practitioners' clinical habits rather than manufacturers' recommendations or available evidence. However, their particular behavior implies modifications of the clinical protocol used for conventional sealers. This narrative review aimed to discuss the properties of calcium silicate-based sealers and their clinical implications, and to propose rational indications for these sealers based on the current knowledge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Germain Sfeir
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut 17-5208, Lebanon; (G.S.); (C.Z.)
| | - Carla Zogheib
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Saint Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut 17-5208, Lebanon; (G.S.); (C.Z.)
| | - Shanon Patel
- King’s College London Dental Institute, Guy’s Tower, Guy’s Hospital, St. Thomas’ Street, London SE1 9RT, UK;
| | - Thomas Giraud
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, 13005 France; Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, Inst Movement Sci, 13288 Marseille, France;
| | - Venkateshbabu Nagendrababu
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Frédéric Bukiet
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Marseille, 13005 France; Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, ISM, Inst Movement Sci, 13288 Marseille, France;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)6-4395-2183
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Bapat RA, Parolia A, Chaubal T, Dharamadhikari S, Abdulla AM, Sakkir N, Arora S, Bapat P, Sindi AM, Kesharwani P. Recent update on potential cytotoxicity, biocompatibility and preventive measures of biomaterials used in dentistry. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:3244-3283. [PMID: 33949464 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00233c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Dental treatment is provided for a wide variety of oral health problems like dental caries, periodontal diseases, periapical infections, replacement of missing teeth and orthodontic problems. Various biomaterials, like composite resins, amalgam, glass ionomer cement, acrylic resins, metal alloys, impression materials, bone grafts, membranes, local anaesthetics, etc., are used for dental applications. The physical and chemical characteristics of these materials influence the outcome of dental treatment. It also impacts on the biological, allergic and toxic potential of biomaterials. With innovations in science and their positive results, there is also a need for awareness about the biological risks of these biomaterials. The aim of dental treatment is to have effective, yet safe, and long-lasting results for the benefit of patients. For this, it is important to have a thorough understanding of biomaterials and their effects on local and systemic health. Materials used in dentistry undergo a series of analyses before their oral applications. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first and original review that discusses the reasons for and studies on the toxicity of commonly used biomaterials for applications in dentistry. It will help clinicians to formulate a methodical approach for the selection of dental biomaterials, thus providing an awareness for forecasting their risk of toxic reactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ranjeet Ajit Bapat
- Faculty, Division of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Abhishek Parolia
- Faculty, Division of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Tanay Chaubal
- Faculty, Division of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, 57000 Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Anshad Mohamed Abdulla
- Faculty, Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasil Sakkir
- Registrar Endodontist, Central Security Hospital, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Suraj Arora
- Faculty, Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Prachi Bapat
- Dentist, Modern Dental College, Indore 453112, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Amal M Sindi
- Faculty, Oral Diagnostic Sciences Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Faculty, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Outcome of Root Canal Treatment of Necrotic Teeth with Apical Periodontitis Filled with a Bioceramic-Based Sealer. Int J Dent 2021; 2021:8816628. [PMID: 33815503 PMCID: PMC7994073 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8816628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Apical periodontitis is among the most common pathologies in endodontics. The treatment of apical periodontitis has always been an important occupation in the modern practice of endodontics, and the failure has been associated with nonhermetic root canal filling. With that in mind, bioceramic-based sealers have been incorporated into endodontic practice. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome of nonsurgical root canal treatment (RCT), using a single-cone and Bioroot RCS filling of necrotic teeth with apical periodontitis. Materials and Methods This follow-up study included patients treated in the department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics in the Dental Clinic of Monastir, from January 2018 to December 2019. The study intended to include all adult patients presenting a symptomatic or asymptomatic apical periodontitis. Once the diagnosis was performed, the patients were divided into two groups: a one-session treatment group and a two-session treatment group. All cases were obtured with BioRoot using a single-cone technique with a minimum of a 6-month recall. At 6-month follow-ups, teeth were classified as healed, healing (success), or not healed (failure), based on clinical and radiographic findings. Results Twelve patients met the inclusion criteria, six patients per group. Seven patients returned for follow-ups. At 6-month follow-ups, the overall success rate was 100%, with 57.1% determined to be “healed” and 42.8% determined to be “healing.” All the PAI scores decreased compared to the baseline situation. Conclusion The results obtained showed the contribution of BioRoot RCS in the healing of periapical lesions. Accordingly, bioceramic-based sealers seem to optimize the prognosis of root canal treatments.
Collapse
|
38
|
Benetti F, Gomes-Filho JE, de Azevedo-Queiroz IO, Carminatti M, Conti LC, Dos Reis-Prado AH, de Oliveira SHP, Ervolino E, Dezan-Júnior E, Cintra LTA. Biological assessment of a new ready-to-use hydraulic sealer. Restor Dent Endod 2021; 46:e21. [PMID: 34123757 PMCID: PMC8170373 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2021.46.e21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study compared the cytotoxicity, biocompatibility, and tenascin immunolabeling of a new ready-to-use hydraulic sealer (Bio-C Sealer) with MTA-Fillapex and white MTA-Angelus. Materials and Methods L929 fibroblasts were cultivated and exposed to undiluted and diluted material extracts. Polyethylene tubes with or without (the control) the materials were implanted into the dorsa of rats. At 7 days and 30 days, the rats were euthanized, and the specimens were prepared for analysis; inflammation and immunolabeling were measured, and statistical analysis was performed (p < 0.05). Results MTA-Fillapex exhibited greater cytotoxicity than the other materials at all time points (p < 0.05). The undiluted Bio-C Sealer exhibited greater cytocompatibility at 6 and 48 hours than white MTA-Angelus, with higher cell viability than in the control (p < 0.05). White MTA-Angelus displayed higher cell viability than the control at 24 hours, and the one-half dilution displayed similar results at both 6 and 48 hours (p < 0.05). At 7 days and 30 days, the groups exhibited moderate inflammation with thick fibrous capsules and mild inflammation with thin fibrous capsules, respectively (p > 0.05). At 7 days, moderate to strong immunolabeling was observed (p > 0.05). After 30 days, the control and MTA-Fillapex groups exhibited strong immunolabeling, the white MTA-Angelus group exhibited moderate immunolabeling (p > 0.05), and the Bio-C Sealer group exhibited low-to-moderate immunolabeling, differing significantly from the control (p < 0.05). Conclusions Bio-C Sealer and white MTA-Angelus exhibited greater cytocompatibility than MTA-Fillapex; all materials displayed adequate biocompatibility and induced tenascin immunolabeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francine Benetti
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), School of Dentistry, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.,Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - João Eduardo Gomes-Filho
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - India Olinta de Azevedo-Queiroz
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Marina Carminatti
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Letícia Citelli Conti
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Edilson Ervolino
- Department of Basic Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Elói Dezan-Júnior
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| | - Luciano Tavares Angelo Cintra
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
The Structural, Physical, and In Vitro Biological Performance of Freshly Mixed and Set Endodontic Sealers. Eur Endod J 2021; 6:98-109. [PMID: 33762530 PMCID: PMC8056812 DOI: 10.14744/eej.2020.36349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro performance of endodontic sealers in their freshly mixed and set forms. Methods: The commercially used endodontic sealers (AH Plus, Dia-ProSeal, GuttaFlow 2, and Pulpdent Root Canal Sealer) were investigated and the chemical structure of freshly mixed and set sealers were assessed with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The surface morphology and elemental analysis were assessed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The pH and solubility analysis were performed and the cytotoxicity was done on extracts of freshly mixed and set materials using Alamar blue assay. One way ANOVA and Post Hoc Tukey analysis was used to do multiple comparison analysis of the mean values and standard deviation results through SPSS version 20 (IBM Software, NY, USA) for pH, solubility, and cytotoxicity analysis. Results: FTIR analysis revealed the structural pattern and the difference in freshly mixed and set samples was observed with the change in intensities of the peaks. The morphological pattern revealed the presence of micro/nano-particles with pores distributed throughout their structure. The sealer with the least solubility was AH Plus (0.10±0.01) followed by Dia-ProSeal (0.77±0.25), GuttaFlow 2 (1.88±0.82) and Pulpdent Root Canal Sealer (3.03±0.18). The solubility of AH plus was significantly lower (P<0.05) in comparison to GuttaFlow 2 and Pulpdent Root Canal Sealer. The highest pH (10.09±0.034) in the freshly mixed state and highest cytotoxicity in the freshly mixed (70.08±5.852) and set sealers (83.87±5.409) (P<0.05) at day 7 was observed in Dia-ProSeal. GuttaFlow 2 was the most biocompatible sealer in the set state and AH Plus was the most biocompatible sealer in the freshly mixed state at day 7. Conclusion: Clinically, the sealer is applied in fresh state, whereby this study signifies that which material is more biocompatible in fresh state and provides insight information to clinicians. AH Plus showed least solubility and cytocompatibility in fresh state compared to other groups.
Collapse
|
40
|
Phyo YS, Hashimoto K, Kawashima N, Kuramoto M, Okiji T. Evaluation of the cytocompatibility of methacrylate resin-based root canal sealers with osteoblast-like cells. Dent Mater J 2021; 40:942-948. [PMID: 33716278 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2020-335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study compared the cytocompatibilities of three methacrylate resin-based root canal sealers [MetaSEAL Soft (MSS), Hybrid Root SEAL (HRS), and Superbond Sealer (SBS)] in either freshly mixed or set conditions using the Kusa A1 osteoblastic cell line. The three sealers and an epoxy resin-based sealer (AH Plus; AHP) were extracted in culture medium; cell growth and osteogenic properties were analyzed. Cell adhesion on set sealers was analyzed with scanning electron microscopy. The respective extents of cell growth were as follows in freshly mixed and set sealer extracts: SBS>MSS>AHP>HRS and SBS=AHP>MSS>HRS. Light irradiation of MSS and HRS increased the cell growth of set sealer extracts. Set SBS, MSS, and AHP did not alter expression of osteogenic genes or formation of mineralized nodules. Attached cells were observed only on SBS. In conclusion, the four sealers exhibited varying degrees of compatibility to osteoblasts; SBS and HRS were the most and least compatible, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yadanar Su Phyo
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| | - Kentaro Hashimoto
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| | - Nobuyuki Kawashima
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| | - Masashi Kuramoto
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| | - Takashi Okiji
- Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Division of Oral Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU)
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Pérez-Serrano RM, Soza-Bolaños AI, Castillo-Valdés SN, Hernández-Valdez G, Mora-Izaguirre O, González-Dávalos ML, Dammaschke T, Domínguez-Pérez RA. Endodontic set sealer eluates promote cytokine production in human mononuclear and periodontal ligament cells. AUST ENDOD J 2021; 47:415-422. [PMID: 33650775 DOI: 10.1111/aej.12493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Endodontic freshly mixed sealers display toxic effects; however, these are significantly reduced and most become relatively inert in the set state but there is no information about the possible inflammatory reaction promoted by them. Four contemporary and different formulated endodontic set sealers (MTA Fillapex, BioRoot RCS, AH Plus, and Pulp Canal Sealer) were evaluated. Human periodontal ligament cells and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated for 3, 6, 12 and 24 h. Interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-8 and interleukin-10 concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All endodontic set sealer eluates promoted a similar production (P ˃ 0.05) of the four cytokines. However, their concentrations decreased within a short time period to nearly undetectable concentrations after 24 h, suggesting that the studied endodontic set sealers do not possess inflammatory properties which has favoured their long-term use in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa M Pérez-Serrano
- Endodontic Specialization Program, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Investigación Odontológica Multidisciplinaria, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Queretaro, Mexico
| | - Ana I Soza-Bolaños
- Endodontic Specialization Program, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Samantha N Castillo-Valdés
- Endodontic Specialization Program, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Hernández-Valdez
- Endodontic Specialization Program, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro, Mexico
| | | | | | - Till Dammaschke
- Department of Periodontology and Operative Dentistry, Westphalian Wilhelms-University, Münster, Germany
| | - Rubén A Domínguez-Pérez
- Endodontic Specialization Program, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Querétaro, Mexico.,Laboratorio de Investigación Odontológica Multidisciplinaria, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Santiago de Queretaro, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Sabandal MMI, Schäfer E, Imper J, Jung S, Kleinheinz J, Sielker S. Simvastatin Induces In Vitro Mineralization Effects of Primary Human Odontoblast-Like Cells. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13204679. [PMID: 33092304 PMCID: PMC7588985 DOI: 10.3390/ma13204679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Simvastatin (SV) is an often prescribed statin reducing the LDL-concentration in circulating blood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pleiotropic effects of SV to primary human odontoblast-like cells. Twenty four wisdom teeth of different subjects were extracted and the pulp tissue was removed and minced under sterile conditions. After mincing, the requested cells were passaged according to established protocols. Osteoblastic marker (ALP conversion), viability and mineralization were determined at days 14, 17 and 21 after simvastatin exposition (0.01 µM, 0.1 µM, 1.0 µM, 2.0 µM). The sample size per group was 24 cultures with three replicates per culture for ALP-conversion and mineralization and 6 replicates for viability. A Kruskal–Wallis test was used for statistical analysis. After adding SV, viability was significantly (p < 0.01) decreased in a time- and dose-dependent manner, whereas after 21 days, mineralization was significant (p < 0.01). ALP-conversion in groups with SV concentrations of 1 and 2 µM SV was significantly (p < 0.01) increased. Pleiotropic effects regarding mineralization in higher SV concentrations were possibly induced via alternative mineralization pathways as almost equal elevations of ALP conversion were not evident in the control and experimental groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Mariano Isabelo Sabandal
- Central Interdisciplinary Ambulance in the School of Dentistry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (E.S.); (J.I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-251-843-712
| | - Edgar Schäfer
- Central Interdisciplinary Ambulance in the School of Dentistry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (E.S.); (J.I.)
| | - Jessica Imper
- Central Interdisciplinary Ambulance in the School of Dentistry, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (E.S.); (J.I.)
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (S.J.); (J.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Susanne Jung
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (S.J.); (J.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Johannes Kleinheinz
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (S.J.); (J.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Sonja Sielker
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (S.J.); (J.K.); (S.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
A Novel Bioactive Endodontic Sealer Containing Surface-Reaction-Type Prereacted Glass-Ionomer Filler Induces Osteoblast Differentiation. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13204477. [PMID: 33050334 PMCID: PMC7599720 DOI: 10.3390/ma13204477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Surface‑reaction‑type prereacted glass-ionomer (S‑PRG) fillers exhibit bioactive properties by the release of multiple ions. This study examined whether a novel endodontic sealer containing S‑PRG fillers (PRG+) has the capacity to induce osteoblast differentiation. Kusa‑A1 osteoblastic cells were cultured with extracts of PRG+, PRG- (an experimental sealer containing S‑PRG‑free silica fillers), AH Plus (an epoxy-resin‑based sealer), and Canals N (a zinc-oxide noneugenol sealer). Cell viability and mineralized nodule formation were determined using WST‑8 assay and Alizarin red staining, respectively. Osteoblastic-marker expression was analyzed with RT‑qPCR and immunofluorescence. Phosphorylation of extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK) and p38 mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK) was determined with Western blotting. Extracts of freshly mixed PRG+, PRG-, and AH Plus significantly decreased cell growth, but extracts of the set samples were not significantly cytotoxic. Set PRG+ significantly upregulated mRNAs for alkaline phosphatase and bone sialoprotein (IBSP) compared to set PRG-, and upregulation was blocked by NPS2143, a calcium‑sensing receptor antagonist. Set PRG+ significantly accelerated IBSP expression, mineralized nodule formation, and enhanced the phosphorylation of ERK and p38 compared with set PRG-. In conclusion, PRG+ induced the differentiation and mineralization of Kusa‑A1 cells via the calcium-sensing receptor-induced activation of ERK and p38 MAPK.
Collapse
|
44
|
Zamparini F, Pelliccioni GA, Spinelli A, Gissi DB, Gandolfi MG, Prati C. Root canal treatment of compromised teeth as alternative treatment for patients receiving bisphosphonates: 60-month results of a prospective clinical study. Int Endod J 2020; 54:156-171. [PMID: 32901962 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM This 60-month prospective study aimed to evaluate tooth survival and healing rates after root canal treatment in patients taking bisphosphonates (BPs). Secondary outcomes were complications and clinical variables observed during and after treatment. METHODS Root canal treatment was performed using manual K-file canal instrumentation and a carrier-based filling technique with an epoxy resin-based sealer. Teeth without adequate root/crown integrity were restored by trained operators at the tissue level (TL group) to prevent occlusal/mechanical stress and to enable periapical lesion healing without the risk of root fracture. Other teeth were restored with normal occlusal contacts (OC group). Healthy patients who had undergone one or more root canal treatments of the same type constituted the control group. The relationships of the following variables to survival and health status were examined (chi-squared test and multivariate analysis, P = 0.05): age, gender, smoking habit, tooth location, treatment type, BPs treatment, BPs exposure, initial periapical index (PAI) and occlusal restoration. Survival curves were constructed using Kaplan-Meier analysis, with extraction serving as the end-point. RESULTS In total, 65 patients with 109 root canal-treated teeth who were taking BPs were included. At 60 months, data from 57 patients (52F, 5M; median age 65.7 ± 8.6 years) who had undergone 96 root canal treatments were analysed (drop-out rate = 16.9%). The survival rate was 85%, and the success rate was 76%. The control group consisted of 46 patients (21F, 25M; median age 60.3 ± 7.2 years) who had undergone 102 root canal treatments. The survival rate was 88%, with 12 teeth lost during follow-up. The success rate was 73%. In the BP group, 55 teeth were restored normally (OC group) and 41 teeth were restored at the tissue level (TL group). No difference in the success or survival rate was observed between the BP and control groups (P > 0.05). Univariate Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that only tooth type significantly affected survival status in the BP group. The analysis revealed the clinical relevance of smoking, tooth location and initial PAI on patients' health status (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Root canal treatments and post-endodontic restoration with tissue-level filling procedures represent a safe approach for severely damaged teeth in patients receiving BPs having comparable results to root filled teeth restored with occlusal contacts and to the control group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Zamparini
- Endodontic Clinical Section, School of Dentistry, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Laboratory of Green Biomaterials and Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - G A Pelliccioni
- Endodontic Clinical Section, School of Dentistry, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - A Spinelli
- Endodontic Clinical Section, School of Dentistry, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - D B Gissi
- Endodontic Clinical Section, School of Dentistry, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - M G Gandolfi
- Laboratory of Green Biomaterials and Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - C Prati
- Endodontic Clinical Section, School of Dentistry, Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Baghdadi I, Zaazou A, Tarboush B, Zakhour M, Özcan M, Salameh Z. Physiochemical properties of a bioceramic-based root canal sealer reinforced with multi-walled carbon nanotubes, titanium carbide and boron nitride biomaterials. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 110:103892. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.103892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
|
46
|
Sabandal MMI, Schäfer E, Aed J, Jung S, Kleinheinz J, Sielker S. Simvastatin induces adverse effects on proliferation and mineralization of human primary osteoblasts. Head Face Med 2020; 16:18. [PMID: 32819403 PMCID: PMC7439668 DOI: 10.1186/s13005-020-00232-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Frequently statins were administered to reduce the LDL-concentration in circulating blood. Especially simvastatin (SV) is an often prescribed statin. Pleiotropic effects of these drugs were reported. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate effects of SV on osteoblastic mineralization. Methods After informed consent primary osteoblasts were collected from tissue surplus after treatment of 14 individuals in the Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Münster. The cells were passaged according to established protocols. Viability, mineralization capability and osteoblastic marker (alkaline phosphatase) were determined at day 9, 13 and 16 after adding various SV concentrations (0.05 μM, 0.1 μM, 0.5 μM, 1.0 μM). Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis-test. Results The cell cultures showed a time and dose-dependent significantly decreased viability (p < 0.01) and a significantly increased mineralization (p < 0.01) in a late mineralization stage after adding SV. The typical alteration of the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels during osteogenic differentiation was not recognizable. Conclusions The pleiotropic effects found for different SV concentrations were possibly originated from other mineralization pathways beside the ALP induced one. Additionally, possible alterations of protein expression levels during mineralization and investigation of possible deviating application of SV in other treatment fields can be considered after gaining a deeper insight in the affected mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Mariano Isabelo Sabandal
- Central Interdisciplinary Ambulance in the School of Dentistry, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude W30, Waldeyerstr. 30, 48149, Münster, Germany.
| | - Edgar Schäfer
- Central Interdisciplinary Ambulance in the School of Dentistry, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude W30, Waldeyerstr. 30, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Jonathan Aed
- Central Interdisciplinary Ambulance in the School of Dentistry, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude W30, Waldeyerstr. 30, 48149, Münster, Germany.,Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Susanne Jung
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Johannes Kleinheinz
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Sonja Sielker
- Department of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Abdel Raheem IA, Abdul Razek A, Elgendy AA, Labah DA, Saleh NM. Egyptian Propolis-Loaded Nanoparticles as a Root Canal Nanosealer: Sealing Ability and in vivo Biocompatibility. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:5265-5277. [PMID: 32884255 PMCID: PMC7434463 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s258888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Successful endodontic therapy is mainly governed by the satisfactory sealing ability of the applied root canal sealer. Also, tolerability of root canal structure to accommodate the presence of a sealer participates in the efficiency of the treatment. Hence, this study was aimed to extrapolate our previous one that was concerned with the preparation and evaluation of novel nature-based root canal sealers. Our current work is focused on the evaluation of sealing ability and in vivo biocompatibility. Materials and Methods Egyptian propolis was extracted (ProE) and encapsulated in polymeric nanoparticles (ProE-loaded NPs). Two root sealers, PE sealer and PE nanosealer, were fabricated by incorporating ProE and ProE-loaded NPs, respectively. The sealing ability of the developed sealers was tested by a dye extraction method. An in vivo biocompatibility study was conducted using a subcutaneous implantation method for two and four weeks. At the same time, a model sealer (AH Plus®) was subjected to the same procedures to enable accurate and equitable results. Results The teeth treated with PE sealer exhibited weak sealing ability which did not differ from that of unfilled teeth. PE nanosealer enhanced the sealing ability similarly to the model sealer with minimal apical microleakage. Studying in vivo biocompatibility indicated the capability of the three tested sealers to induce cell proliferation and tissue healing. However, PE nanosealer had superior biocompatibility, with higher potential for cell regeneration and tissue proliferation. Conclusion PE nanosealer can be presented as an innovative root canal sealer, with enhanced sealing ability as well as in vivo biocompatibility. It can be applied as a substitute for the currently available sealers that demonstrate hazardous effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amro Abdul Razek
- Endodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | | | - Doaa Ahmed Labah
- Oral Biology and Dental Medicine Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Noha Mohamed Saleh
- Pharmaceutics Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Gaudin A, Tolar M, Peters OA. Cytokine Production and Cytotoxicity of Calcium Silicate–based Sealers in 2- and 3-dimensional Cell Culture Models. J Endod 2020; 46:818-826. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2020.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
|
49
|
Said F, Moeen F, Khan MT, Mansoor A, Uzbek UH, Alam MK, Siddiqui AA. Cytotoxicity, Morphology and Chemical Composition of Two Luting Cements: An in Vitro Study. PESQUISA BRASILEIRA EM ODONTOPEDIATRIA E CLÍNICA INTEGRADA 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/pboci.2020.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
|
50
|
Fonseca DA, Paula AB, Marto CM, Coelho A, Paulo S, Martinho JP, Carrilho E, Ferreira MM. Biocompatibility of Root Canal Sealers: A Systematic Review of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. MATERIALS 2019; 12:ma12244113. [PMID: 31818038 PMCID: PMC6947586 DOI: 10.3390/ma12244113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
(1) Aim: To perform a systematic review of the literature on the biocompatibility of root canal sealers that encompasses the various types of sealers that are commercially available as well as both in vitro and in vivo evidence. (2) Methods: This systematic review has been registered in PROSPERO (ID 140445) and was carried out according to PRISMA guidelines using the following databases: PubMed, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, Science Direct, and Web of Science Core Collection. Studies published between 2000 and 11 June 2019 that evaluated cytotoxicity (cell viability/proliferation) and biocompatibility (tissue response) of root canal sealers were included. (3) Results: From a total of 1249 studies, 73 in vitro and 21 in vivo studies were included. In general, studies suggest that root canal sealers elicit mild to severe toxic effects and that several factors may influence biocompatibility, e.g., material setting condition and time, material concentration, and type of exposure. Bioactive endodontic sealers seem to exhibit a lower toxic potential in vitro. (4) Conclusions: The available evidence shows that root canal sealers exhibit variable toxic potential at the cellular and tissue level. However, the methodological heterogeneity among studies included in this systematic review and the somewhat conflicting results do not allow a conclusion on which type of sealer presents higher biocompatibility. Further research is crucial to achieve a better understanding of the biological effects of root canal sealers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Afonso Fonseca
- Institute of Endodontics, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), CIBB Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-239-249-151
| | - Anabela Baptista Paula
- Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), CIBB Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, CIMAGO—Center of Investigation on Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, CNC.IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.B.P.); (C.M.M.); (A.C.); (E.C.)
| | - Carlos Miguel Marto
- Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), CIBB Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, CIMAGO—Center of Investigation on Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, CNC.IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.B.P.); (C.M.M.); (A.C.); (E.C.)
- Institute of Experimental Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Coelho
- Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), CIBB Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, CIMAGO—Center of Investigation on Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, CNC.IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.B.P.); (C.M.M.); (A.C.); (E.C.)
| | - Siri Paulo
- Institute of Endodontics, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), CIBB Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, CIMAGO – Center of Investigation on Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, CNC.IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.P.); (J.P.M.); (M.M.F.)
| | - José Pedro Martinho
- Institute of Endodontics, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), CIBB Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, CIMAGO – Center of Investigation on Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, CNC.IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.P.); (J.P.M.); (M.M.F.)
| | - Eunice Carrilho
- Institute of Integrated Clinical Practice, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), CIBB Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, CIMAGO—Center of Investigation on Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, CNC.IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.B.P.); (C.M.M.); (A.C.); (E.C.)
| | - Manuel Marques Ferreira
- Institute of Endodontics, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), CIBB Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, CIMAGO – Center of Investigation on Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology, CNC.IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.P.); (J.P.M.); (M.M.F.)
| |
Collapse
|