1
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Todaro B, Pesce L, Cardarelli F, Luin S. Pioglitazone Phases and Metabolic Effects in Nanoparticle-Treated Cells Analyzed via Rapid Visualization of FLIM Images. Molecules 2024; 29:2137. [PMID: 38731628 PMCID: PMC11085555 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29092137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2024] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) has proven to be a useful method for analyzing various aspects of material science and biology, like the supramolecular organization of (slightly) fluorescent compounds or the metabolic activity in non-labeled cells; in particular, FLIM phasor analysis (phasor-FLIM) has the potential for an intuitive representation of complex fluorescence decays and therefore of the analyzed properties. Here we present and make available tools to fully exploit this potential, in particular by coding via hue, saturation, and intensity the phasor positions and their weights both in the phasor plot and in the microscope image. We apply these tools to analyze FLIM data acquired via two-photon microscopy to visualize: (i) different phases of the drug pioglitazone (PGZ) in solutions and/or crystals, (ii) the position in the phasor plot of non-labelled poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs), and (iii) the effect of PGZ or PGZ-containing NPs on the metabolism of insulinoma (INS-1 E) model cells. PGZ is recognized for its efficacy in addressing insulin resistance and hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus, and polymeric nanoparticles offer versatile platforms for drug delivery due to their biocompatibility and controlled release kinetics. This study lays the foundation for a better understanding via phasor-FLIM of the organization and effects of drugs, in particular, PGZ, within NPs, aiming at better control of encapsulation and pharmacokinetics, and potentially at novel anti-diabetics theragnostic nanotools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biagio Todaro
- NEST Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (L.P.); (F.C.)
| | - Luca Pesce
- NEST Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (L.P.); (F.C.)
| | - Francesco Cardarelli
- NEST Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (L.P.); (F.C.)
| | - Stefano Luin
- NEST Laboratory, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy; (L.P.); (F.C.)
- NEST Laboratory, Istituto Nanoscienze-CNR, Piazza San Silvestro 12, 56127 Pisa, Italy
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2
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Gottlieb D, Asadipour B, Kostina P, Ung TPL, Stringari C. FLUTE: A Python GUI for interactive phasor analysis of FLIM data. BIOLOGICAL IMAGING 2023; 3:e21. [PMID: 38487690 PMCID: PMC10936343 DOI: 10.1017/s2633903x23000211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) is a powerful technique used to probe the local environment of fluorophores. The fit-free phasor approach to FLIM data is increasingly being used due to its ease of interpretation. To date, no open-source graphical user interface (GUI) for phasor analysis of FLIM data is available in Python, thus limiting the widespread use of phasor analysis in biomedical research. Here, we present Fluorescence Lifetime Ultimate Explorer (FLUTE), a Python GUI that is designed to fill this gap. FLUTE simplifies and automates many aspects of the analysis of FLIM data acquired in the time domain, such as calibrating the FLIM data, performing interactive exploration of the phasor plot, displaying phasor plots and FLIM images with different lifetime contrasts simultaneously, and calculating the distance from known molecular species. After applying desired filters and thresholds, the final edited datasets can be exported for further user-specific analysis. FLUTE has been tested using several FLIM datasets including autofluorescence of zebrafish embryos and in vitro cells. In summary, our user-friendly GUI extends the advantages of phasor plotting by making the data visualization and analysis easy and interactive, allows for analysis of large FLIM datasets, and accelerates FLIM analysis for non-specialized labs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale Gottlieb
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, École Polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Bahar Asadipour
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, École Polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Polina Kostina
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, École Polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Thi Phuong Lien Ung
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, École Polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Chiara Stringari
- Laboratory for Optics and Biosciences, École Polytechnique, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Polytechnique de Paris, 91128 Palaiseau, France
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3
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Reece AS, Hulse GK. Epigenomic and Other Evidence for Cannabis-Induced Aging Contextualized in a Synthetic Epidemiologic Overview of Cannabinoid-Related Teratogenesis and Cannabinoid-Related Carcinogenesis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph192416721. [PMID: 36554603 PMCID: PMC9778714 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Twelve separate streams of empirical data make a strong case for cannabis-induced accelerated aging including hormonal, mitochondriopathic, cardiovascular, hepatotoxic, immunological, genotoxic, epigenotoxic, disruption of chromosomal physiology, congenital anomalies, cancers including inheritable tumorigenesis, telomerase inhibition and elevated mortality. METHODS Results from a recently published longitudinal epigenomic screen were analyzed with regard to the results of recent large epidemiological studies of the causal impacts of cannabis. We also integrate theoretical syntheses with prior studies into these combined epigenomic and epidemiological results. RESULTS Cannabis dependence not only recapitulates many of the key features of aging, but is characterized by both age-defining and age-generating illnesses including immunomodulation, hepatic inflammation, many psychiatric syndromes with a neuroinflammatory basis, genotoxicity and epigenotoxicity. DNA breaks, chromosomal breakage-fusion-bridge morphologies and likely cycles, and altered intergenerational DNA methylation and disruption of both the histone and tubulin codes in the context of increased clinical congenital anomalies, cancers and heritable tumors imply widespread disruption of the genome and epigenome. Modern epigenomic clocks indicate that, in cannabis-dependent patients, cannabis advances cellular DNA methylation age by 25-30% at age 30 years. Data have implications not only for somatic but also stem cell and germ line tissues including post-fertilization zygotes. This effect is likely increases with the square of chronological age. CONCLUSION Recent epigenomic studies of cannabis exposure provide many explanations for the broad spectrum of cannabis-related teratogenicity and carcinogenicity and appear to account for many epidemiologically observed findings. Further research is indicated on the role of cannabinoids in the aging process both developmentally and longitudinally, from stem cell to germ cell to blastocystoids to embryoid bodies and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Stuart Reece
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Gary Kenneth Hulse
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia
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4
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Sorrells J, Iyer RR, Yang L, Martin EM, Wang G, Tu H, Marjanovic M, Boppart SA. Computational Photon Counting Using Multithreshold Peak Detection for Fast Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy. ACS PHOTONICS 2022; 9:2748-2755. [PMID: 35996369 PMCID: PMC9389606 DOI: 10.1021/acsphotonics.2c00505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Time-resolved photon counting methods have a finite bandwidth that restricts the acquisition speed of techniques like fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). To enable faster imaging, computational methods can be employed to count photons when the output of a detector is directly digitized at a high sampling rate. Here, we present computational photon counting using a hybrid photodetector in conjunction with multithreshold peak detection to count instances where one or more photons arrive at the detector within the detector response time. This method can be used to distinguish up to five photon counts per digitized point, whereas previous demonstrations of computational photon counting on data acquired with photomultiplier tubes have only counted one photon at a time. We demonstrate in both freely moving C. elegans and a human breast cancer cell line undergoing apoptosis that this novel multithreshold peak detection method can accurately characterize the intensity and fluorescence lifetime of samples producing photon rates up to 223%, higher than previously demonstrated photon counting FLIM systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet
E. Sorrells
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of Illinois
at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Beckman
Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Rishyashring R. Iyer
- Beckman
Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Lingxiao Yang
- Beckman
Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Elisabeth M. Martin
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of Illinois
at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Beckman
Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Geng Wang
- Beckman
Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Haohua Tu
- Beckman
Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Marina Marjanovic
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of Illinois
at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Beckman
Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Stephen A. Boppart
- Department
of Bioengineering, University of Illinois
at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Beckman
Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department
of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Cancer
Center at Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Carle
Illinois College of Medicine, University
of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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5
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Huang S, Alhiyari Y, Hu Y, Tam K, Han AY, Krane JF, Shori R, St. John MA, Stafsudd O. Ex vivo hypercellular parathyroid gland differentiation using dynamic optical contrast imaging (DOCI). BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 13:549-558. [PMID: 35284177 PMCID: PMC8884217 DOI: 10.1364/boe.443671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Primary hyperparathyroidism, often caused by a single adenoma (80-85%) or four-gland hyperplasia (10-15%), can lead to elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels and resultant hypercalcemia. Surgical excision of offending lesions is the standard of care, as the removal of pathologic adenomas reduces PTH and calcium values to baseline. The small size, variable location, and indistinct external features of parathyroid glands can make their identification quite challenging intraoperatively. Our group has developed the dynamic optical contrast imaging (DOCI) technique, a novel realization of dynamic temporally dependent measurements of tissue autofluorescence. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of using the DOCI technique and normalized steady-state fluorescence intensity data for differentiating types of human parathyroid and thyroid tissues. We demonstrate that the DOCI technique has the capability to distinguish normal parathyroid tissue from diseased parathyroid glands as well as from adjacent healthy thyroid and adipose tissue across 8 different spectral channels between 405nm-600nm (p<0.05). Patient tissue DOCI data was further analyzed with a logistic regression classifier trained across the 8 spectral channels. After computer training, the computer-aided identification was able to accurately locate hypercellular parathyroid tissue with 100% sensitivity and 98.8% specificity within the captured DOCI image.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Huang
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yazeed Alhiyari
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- UCLA Head and Neck Cancer Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Yong Hu
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Kenric Tam
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Albert Y. Han
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jeffrey F. Krane
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ramesh Shori
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Maie A. St. John
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- UCLA Head and Neck Cancer Program, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Oscar Stafsudd
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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6
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Jena S, Parker LL. Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Probes for Cell-Based Measurements of Enzyme Activity. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2394:133-162. [PMID: 35094326 PMCID: PMC10041689 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1811-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Posttranslational modification (PTM) enzymes are important modulators of protein structure and function. They typically act by chemically modifying amino acids, often on side chain functional groups, to change the physiochemical landscape of the protein and thus its biophysical behavior. In particular, protein kinases are enzymes that transfer phosphate from ATP to serine, threonine, or tyrosine in protein substrates. They are key regulators of vital cellular pathways such as survival, proliferation, and apoptosis, and their dysregulation in the context of cancer has been widely investigated for the purpose of development of anticancer drugs. However, several critical questions pertaining to their physiology, such as heterogeneity of kinase signaling within and between cells, and other factors that may play into the mechanisms of drug resistance, remain unanswered. Many of the current strategies to measure kinase activity lack the scope, subcellular resolution, and real-time monitoring ability needed to obtain the type of information needed about their dynamics and localization in cells. While FRET-based biosensors are capable of dynamic single cell imaging, their applications can be limited by difficulties in multiplexing and the inherent inadequacies of steady state measurements. In this chapter, we describe our fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) probe technology in which peptide kinase substrates, linked to cell-penetrating peptides and labeled with small molecule fluorophores, are used to report kinase activity through time-resolved fluorescence imaging to visualize and quantify changes to the probe's fluorescence lifetime. These can be multiplexed for more than one kinase at a time, and interpretation is not affected by differences in local intensity due to probe uptake and distribution or photobleaching. With careful choice of peptide substrate(s), fluorophore label, and imaging set-up, high specificity and spatiotemporal resolution can be achieved. Due to the mechanism by which the lifetime change occurs, this approach is compatible with other PTMs (such as acetylation, methylation), and so the considerations for kinase FLIM probe design described in this chapter should be broadly applicable for other PTMs as well.
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7
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Liu C, Chisholm A, Fu B, Su CTY, Şencan İ, Sakadžić S, Yaseen MA. Quantitation of cerebral oxygen tension using phasor analysis and phosphorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (PLIM). BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 12:4192-4206. [PMID: 34457408 PMCID: PMC8367232 DOI: 10.1364/boe.428873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Time-domain measurements for fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) and phosphorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (PLIM) are conventionally computed by nonlinear curve fitting techniques to model the time-resolved profiles as mono- or multi-exponential decays. However, these techniques are computationally intensive and prone to fitting errors. The phasor or "polar plot" analysis method has recently gained attention as a simple method to characterize fluorescence lifetime. Here, we adapted the phasor analysis method for absolute quantitation of phosphorescence lifetimes of oxygen-sensitive phosphors and used the phasor-derived lifetime values to quantify oxygen partial pressure (pO2) in cortical microvessels of awake mice. Our results, both experimental and simulated, demonstrate that oxygen measurements obtained from computationally simpler phasor analysis agree well with traditional curve fitting calculations. To our knowledge, the current study constitutes the first application of the technique for characterizing microsecond-length, time-domain phosphorescence measurements and absolute, in vivo quantitation of a vital physiological parameter. The method shows promise for monitoring cerebral metabolism and pathological changes in preclinical rodent models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Amanda Chisholm
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Buyin Fu
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Clover T.-Y. Su
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - İkbal Şencan
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Sava Sakadžić
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
| | - Mohammad A. Yaseen
- Department of Bioengineering, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, USA
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8
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Dmitriev RI, Intes X, Barroso MM. Luminescence lifetime imaging of three-dimensional biological objects. J Cell Sci 2021; 134:1-17. [PMID: 33961054 PMCID: PMC8126452 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.254763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A major focus of current biological studies is to fill the knowledge gaps between cell, tissue and organism scales. To this end, a wide array of contemporary optical analytical tools enable multiparameter quantitative imaging of live and fixed cells, three-dimensional (3D) systems, tissues, organs and organisms in the context of their complex spatiotemporal biological and molecular features. In particular, the modalities of luminescence lifetime imaging, comprising fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLI) and phosphorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (PLIM), in synergy with Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) assays, provide a wealth of information. On the application side, the luminescence lifetime of endogenous molecules inside cells and tissues, overexpressed fluorescent protein fusion biosensor constructs or probes delivered externally provide molecular insights at multiple scales into protein-protein interaction networks, cellular metabolism, dynamics of molecular oxygen and hypoxia, physiologically important ions, and other physical and physiological parameters. Luminescence lifetime imaging offers a unique window into the physiological and structural environment of cells and tissues, enabling a new level of functional and molecular analysis in addition to providing 3D spatially resolved and longitudinal measurements that can range from microscopic to macroscopic scale. We provide an overview of luminescence lifetime imaging and summarize key biological applications from cells and tissues to organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruslan I. Dmitriev
- Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials Group, Department of
Human Structure and Repair, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences,
Ghent University, Ghent 9000,
Belgium
| | - Xavier Intes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for
Modeling, Simulation and Imaging for Medicine (CeMSIM),
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY
12180-3590, USA
| | - Margarida M. Barroso
- Department of Molecular and Cellular
Physiology, Albany Medical College,
Albany, NY 12208, USA
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9
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Sorrells JE, Martin EM, Aksamitiene E, Mukherjee P, Alex A, Chaney EJ, Marjanovic M, Boppart SA. Label-free characterization of single extracellular vesicles using two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy of NAD(P)H. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3308. [PMID: 33558561 PMCID: PMC7870923 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80813-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The heterogeneous nature of extracellular vesicles (EVs) creates the need for single EV characterization techniques. However, many common biochemical and functional EV analysis techniques lack single EV resolution. Two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) is widely used to functionally characterize the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAD(P)H) in cells and tissues. Here, we demonstrate that FLIM can also be used to image and characterize NAD(P)H in single isolated EVs. EVs were isolated using standard differential ultracentrifugation techniques from multiple cell lines and imaged using a custom two-photon FLIM system. The presented data show that the NAD(P)H fluorescence lifetimes in isolated cell-derived EVs follow a wide Gaussian distribution, indicating the presence of a range of different protein-bound and free NAD(P)H species. EV NAD(P)H fluorescence lifetime distribution has a larger standard deviation than that of cells and a significantly different fluorescence lifetime distribution than the nuclei, mitochondria, and cytosol of cells. Additionally, changes in the metabolic conditions of cells were reflected in changes in the mean fluorescence lifetime of NAD(P)H in the produced EVs. These data suggest that FLIM of NAD(P)H could be a valuable tool for EV research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janet E Sorrells
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Elisabeth M Martin
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Edita Aksamitiene
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Prabuddha Mukherjee
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Aneesh Alex
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Eric J Chaney
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Marina Marjanovic
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Stephen A Boppart
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- GSK Center for Optical Molecular Imaging, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Cancer Center at Illinois, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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10
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Short AH, Al Aayedi N, Gaire M, Kreider M, Wong CK, Urayama P. Distinguishing chemically induced NADPH- and NADH-related metabolic responses using phasor analysis of UV-excited autofluorescence. RSC Adv 2021; 11:18757-18767. [PMID: 35478622 PMCID: PMC9033505 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra02648h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
NADPH and NADH are well known for their role in antioxidant defense and energy metabolism, respectively, however distinguishing their cellular autofluorescence signals is a challenge due to their nearly identical optical properties. Recent studies applying spectral phasor analysis to autofluorescence emission during chemically induced metabolic responses showed that two-component spectral behavior, i.e., spectral change acting as a superposition of two spectra, depended on whether one or multiple metabolic pathways were affected. Here, we use this property of spectral behavior to show that metabolic responses primarily involving NADPH or NADH can be distinguished. We start by observing that the cyanide-induced response at micro- and millimolar concentrations does not follow mutual two-component spectral behavior, suggesting their response mechanisms differ. While respiratory inhibition at millimolar cyanide concentration is well known and associated with the NADH pool, we find the autofluorescence response at micromolar cyanide concentration exhibits two-component spectral behavior with NADPH-linked EGCG- and peroxide-induced responses, suggesting an association with the NADPH pool. What emerges is a spectral phasor map useful for distinguishing cellular autofluorescence responses related to oxidative stress versus cellular respiration. A phasor approach was used to show that chemically induced cellular autofluorescence responses linked to NADPH and NADH pathways can be distinguished.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Madhu Gaire
- Department of Physics
- Miami University
- Oxford
- USA
| | - Max Kreider
- Department of Physics
- Miami University
- Oxford
- USA
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11
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Liu YZ, Renteria C, Courtney CD, Ibrahim B, You S, Chaney EJ, Barkalifa R, Iyer RR, Zurauskas M, Tu H, Llano DA, Christian-Hinman CA, Boppart SA. Simultaneous two-photon activation and imaging of neural activity based on spectral-temporal modulation of supercontinuum light. NEUROPHOTONICS 2020; 7:045007. [PMID: 33163545 PMCID: PMC7607614 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.7.4.045007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Recent advances in nonlinear optics in neuroscience have focused on using two ultrafast lasers for activity imaging and optogenetic stimulation. Broadband femtosecond light sources can obviate the need for multiple lasers by spectral separation for chromatically targeted excitation. AIM We present a photonic crystal fiber (PCF)-based supercontinuum source for spectrally resolved two-photon (2P) imaging and excitation of GCaMP6s and C1V1-mCherry, respectively. APPROACH A PCF is pumped using a 20-MHz repetition rate femtosecond laser to generate a supercontinuum of light, which is spectrally separated, compressed, and recombined to image GCaMP6s (930 nm excitation) and stimulate the optogenetic protein, C1V1-mCherry (1060 nm excitation). Galvanometric spiral scanning is employed on a single-cell level for multiphoton excitation and high-speed resonant scanning is employed for imaging of calcium activity. RESULTS Continuous wave lasers were used to verify functionality of optogenetic activation followed by directed 2P excitation. Results from these experiments demonstrate the utility of a supercontinuum light source for simultaneous, single-cell excitation and calcium imaging. CONCLUSIONS A PCF-based supercontinuum light source was employed for simultaneous imaging and excitation of calcium dynamics in brain tissue. Pumped PCFs can serve as powerful light sources for imaging and activation of neural activity, and overcome the limited spectra and space associated with multilaser approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Zhi Liu
- University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Carlos Renteria
- University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Department of Bioengineering, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Connor D. Courtney
- University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Neuroscience Program, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Baher Ibrahim
- University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Sixian You
- University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Computational Science and Engineering, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Eric J. Chaney
- University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Ronit Barkalifa
- University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Rishyashring R. Iyer
- University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Mantas Zurauskas
- University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Haohua Tu
- University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Daniel A. Llano
- University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Neuroscience Program, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Catherine A. Christian-Hinman
- University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Neuroscience Program, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Urbana, Illinois, United States
| | - Stephen A. Boppart
- University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Department of Bioengineering, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Neuroscience Program, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Computational Science and Engineering, Urbana, Illinois, United States
- University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Carle Illinois College of Medicine, Urbana, Illinois, United States
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Morone D, Autilia FD, Schorn T, Erreni M, Doni A. Evaluation of cell metabolic adaptation in wound and tumour by Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy. Sci Rep 2020; 10:6289. [PMID: 32286404 PMCID: PMC7156395 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-63203-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Acidic pH occurs in acute wounds progressing to healing as consequence of a cell metabolic adaptation in response to injury-induced tissue hypoperfusion. In tumours, high metabolic rate leads to acidosis affecting cancer progression. Acidic pH affects activities of remodelling cells in vitro. The pH measurement predicts healing in pathological wounds and success of surgical treatment of burns and chronic ulcers. However, current methods are limited to skin surface or based on detection of fluorescence intensity of specific sensitive probes that suffer of microenvironment factors. Herein, we ascertained relevance in vivo of cell metabolic adaptation in skin repair by interfering with anaerobic glycolysis. Moreover, a custom-designed skin imaging chamber, 2-Photon microscopy (2PM), fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) and data mapping analyses were used to correlate maps of glycolytic activity in vivo as measurement of NADH intrinsic lifetime with areas of hypoxia and acidification in models of skin injury and cancer. The method was challenged by measuring the NADH profile by interfering with anaerobic glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Therefore, intravital NADH FLIM represents a tool for investigating cell metabolic adaptation occurring in wounds, as well as the relationship between cell metabolism and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Morone
- Unit of Advanced Optical Microscopy, IRCCS, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Bellinzona, Switzerland
| | - Francesca D' Autilia
- Unit of Advanced Optical Microscopy, IRCCS, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Tilo Schorn
- Unit of Advanced Optical Microscopy, IRCCS, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Erreni
- Unit of Advanced Optical Microscopy, IRCCS, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Doni
- Unit of Advanced Optical Microscopy, IRCCS, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.
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Chen SJ, Sinsuebphon N, Rudkouskaya A, Barroso M, Intes X, Michalet X. In vitro and in vivo phasor analysis of stoichiometry and pharmacokinetics using short-lifetime near-infrared dyes and time-gated imaging. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2019; 12:e201800185. [PMID: 30421551 PMCID: PMC6559731 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201800185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a simple new approach for time-resolved multiplexed analysis of complex systems using near-infrared (NIR) dyes, applicable to in vitro and in vivo studies. We show that fast and precise in vitro quantification of NIR fluorophores' short (subnanosecond) lifetime and stoichiometry can be done using phasor analysis, a computationally efficient and user-friendly representation of complex fluorescence intensity decays obtained with pulsed laser excitation and time-gated camera imaging. We apply this approach to the study of binding equilibria by Förster resonant energy transfer using two different model systems: primary/secondary antibody binding in vitro and ligand/receptor binding in cell cultures. We then extend it to dynamic imaging of the pharmacokinetics of transferrin engagement with the transferrin receptor in live mice, elucidating the kinetics of differential transferrin accumulation in specific organs, straightforwardly differentiating specific from nonspecific binding. Our method, implemented in a freely-available software, has the advantage of time-resolved NIR imaging, including better tissue penetration and background-free imaging, but simplifies and considerably speeds up data processing and interpretation, while remaining quantitative. These advances make this method attractive and of broad applicability for in vitro and in vivo molecular imaging and could be extended to applications as diverse as image-guided surgery or optical tomography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sez-Jade Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Nattawut Sinsuebphon
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Alena Rudkouskaya
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Margarida Barroso
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York
| | - Xavier Intes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Xavier Michalet
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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Chacko JV, Eliceiri KW. Autofluorescence lifetime imaging of cellular metabolism: Sensitivity toward cell density, pH, intracellular, and intercellular heterogeneity. Cytometry A 2019; 95:56-69. [PMID: 30296355 PMCID: PMC6329636 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.23603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Autofluorescence imaging (AFI) has greatly accelerated in the last decade, way past its origins in detecting endogenous signals in biological tissues to identify differences between samples. There are many endogenous fluorescence sources of contrast but the most robust and widely utilized have been those associated with metabolism. The intrinsically fluorescent metabolic cofactors nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ /NADH) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD/FADH2 ) have been utilized in a number of AFI applications including basic research, clinical, and pharmaceutical studies. Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) has emerged as one of the more powerful AFI tools for NADH and FAD characterization due to its unique ability to noninvasively detect metabolite bound and free states and quantitate cellular redox ratio. However, despite this widespread biological use, many standardization methods are still needed to extend FLIM-based AFI into a fully robust research and clinical diagnostic tools. FLIM is sensitive to a wide range of factors in the fluorophore microenvironment, and there are a number of analysis variables as well. To this end, there has been an emphasis on developing imaging standards and ways to make the image acquisition and analysis more consistent. However, biological conditions during FLIM-based AFI imaging are rarely considered as key sources of FLIM variability. Here, we present several experimental factors with supporting data of the cellular microenvironment such as confluency, pH, inter-/intracellular heterogeneity, and choice of cell line that need to be considered for accurate quantitative FLIM-based AFI measurement of cellular metabolism. © 2018 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenu V. Chacko
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison WI, USA
| | - Kevin W. Eliceiri
- Laboratory for Optical and Computational Instrumentation, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison WI, USA
- Biomedical Engineering Department, University of Wisconsin at Madison, Madison WI, USA
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison WI, USA
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15
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Gómez CA, Fu B, Sakadžić S, Yaseen MA. Cerebral metabolism in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease characterized by two-photon fluorescence lifetime microscopy of intrinsic NADH. NEUROPHOTONICS 2018; 5:045008. [PMID: 30603656 PMCID: PMC6307680 DOI: 10.1117/1.nph.5.4.045008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Disruptions and alterations to cerebral energy metabolism play a vital role in the onset and progression of many neurodegenerative disorders and cerebral pathologies. In order to precisely understand the complex alterations underlying Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression, in vivo imaging at the microscopic level is required in preclinical animal models. Utilizing two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy and the phasor analysis method, we have observed AD-related variations of endogenous fluorescence of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) in vivo. We collected NADH FLIM images from the cerebral cortices of both APPswe:PS1dE9 mice to model amyloid β plaque accumulation and corresponding age-matched wildtype controls. Distinct variations in NADH fluorescence lifetime between wildtype and AD mice, as well as variations related to proximity from amyloid plaques, are obvervable via the phasor method. The combination of NADH FLIM and phasor analysis allows for a minimally invasive, high-resolution technique to characterize the adverse effects of amyloid β accumulation on mitochondrial energy metabolism and could guide our understanding of preclinical AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A. Gómez
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Buyin Fu
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Sava Sakadžić
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Mohammad A. Yaseen
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
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