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To B, Broeker C, Jhan JR, Garcia-Lerena J, Vusich J, Rempel R, Rennhack JP, Hollern D, Jackson L, Judah D, Swiatnicki M, Bylett E, Kubiak R, Honeysett J, Nevins J, Andrechek E. Insight into mammary gland development and tumor progression in an E2F5 conditional knockout mouse model. Oncogene 2024:10.1038/s41388-024-03172-4. [PMID: 39341991 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-03172-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/16/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024]
Abstract
Development of breast cancer is linked to altered regulation of mammary gland developmental processes. A better understanding of normal mammary gland development can thus reveal possible mechanisms of how normal cells are re-programmed to become malignant. E2Fs 1-4 are part of the E2F transcription factor family with varied roles in mammary development, but little is known about the role of E2F5. A combination of scRNAseq and predictive signature tools demonstrated the presence of E2F5 in the mammary gland and showed changes in predicted activity during the various phases of mammary gland development. Testing the hypothesis that E2F5 regulates mammary function, we generated a mammary-specific E2F5 knockout mouse model, resulting in modest mammary gland development changes. However, after a prolonged latency the E2F5 conditional knockout mice developed highly metastatic mammary tumors. Whole genome sequencing revealed significant intertumor heterogeneity. RNAseq and protein analysis identified altered levels of Cyclin D1, with similarities to MMTV-Neu tumors, suggesting that E2F5 conditional knockout mammary glands and tumors may be dependent on Cyclin D1. Transplantation of the tumors revealed metastases to lymph nodes that were enriched through serial transplantation in immune competent recipients. Based on these findings, we propose that loss of E2F5 leads to altered regulation of Cyclin D1, which facilitates the development of metastatic mammary tumors after long latency. More importantly, this study demonstrates that conditional loss of E2F5 in the mammary gland leads to tumor formation, revealing its role as a transcription factor regulating a network of genes that normally result in a tumor suppressor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Briana To
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Carson Broeker
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jing-Ru Jhan
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | - John Vusich
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | | | | | - Lauren Jackson
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - David Judah
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Matt Swiatnicki
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Evan Bylett
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Rachel Kubiak
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Jordan Honeysett
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | | | - Eran Andrechek
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
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Rubio S, Molinuevo R, Sanz-Gomez N, Zomorrodinia T, Cockrum CS, Luong E, Rivas L, Cadle K, Menendez J, Hinck L. Nuclear VANGL2 Inhibits Lactogenic Differentiation. Cells 2024; 13:222. [PMID: 38334614 PMCID: PMC10854645 DOI: 10.3390/cells13030222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Planar cell polarity (PCP) proteins coordinate tissue morphogenesis by governing cell patterning and polarity. Asymmetrically localized on the plasma membrane of cells, transmembrane PCP proteins are trafficked by endocytosis, suggesting they may have intracellular functions that are dependent or independent of their extracellular role, but whether these functions extend to transcriptional control remains unknown. Here, we show the nuclear localization of transmembrane, PCP protein, VANGL2, in the HCC1569 breast cancer cell line, and in undifferentiated, but not differentiated, HC11 cells that serve as a model for mammary lactogenic differentiation. The loss of Vangl2 function results in upregulation of pathways related to STAT5 signaling. We identify DNA binding sites and a nuclear localization signal in VANGL2, and use CUT&RUN to demonstrate recruitment of VANGL2 to specific DNA binding motifs, including one in the Stat5a promoter. Knockdown (KD) of Vangl2 in HC11 cells and primary mammary organoids results in upregulation of Stat5a, Ccnd1 and Csn2, larger acini and organoids, and precocious differentiation; phenotypes are rescued by overexpression of Vangl2, but not Vangl2ΔNLS. Together, these results advance a paradigm whereby PCP proteins coordinate tissue morphogenesis by keeping transcriptional programs governing differentiation in check.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefany Rubio
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Rut Molinuevo
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Natalia Sanz-Gomez
- Department of Cancer Biology, Institute for Biomedical Research “Alberto Sols”, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Talieh Zomorrodinia
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Chad S. Cockrum
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Elina Luong
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Lucia Rivas
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Kora Cadle
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Julien Menendez
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
| | - Lindsay Hinck
- Institute for the Biology of Stem Cells, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA
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3
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Rubio S, Molinuevo R, Sanz-Gomez N, Zomorrodinia T, Cockrum CS, Luong E, Rivas L, Cadle K, Menendez J, Hinck L. Nuclear VANGL2 Inhibits Lactogenic Differentiation. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.07.570706. [PMID: 38106173 PMCID: PMC10723439 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.07.570706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Planar cell polarity (PCP) proteins coordinate tissue morphogenesis by governing cell patterning and polarity. Asymmetrically localized on the plasma membrane of cells, PCP proteins are also trafficked by endocytosis, suggesting they may have intracellular functions that are dependent or independent of their extracellular role, but whether these functions extend to transcriptional control remains unknown. Here, we show the nuclear localization of transmembrane, PCP protein, VANGL2, in undifferentiated, but not differentiated, HC11 cells, which serve as a model for mammary lactogenic differentiation. Loss of Vangl2 function results in upregulation of pathways related to STAT5 signaling. We identify DNA binding sites and a nuclear localization signal in VANGL2, and use CUT&RUN to demonstrate direct binding of VANGL2 to specific DNA binding motifs, including one in the Stat5a promoter. Knockdown (KD) of Vangl2 in HC11 cells and primary mammary organoids results in upregulation of Stat5a , Ccnd1 and Csn2 , larger acini and organoids, and precocious differentiation; phenotypes rescued by overexpression of Vangl2 , but not Vangl2 ΔNLS . Together, these results advance a paradigm whereby PCP proteins coordinate tissue morphogenesis by keeping transcriptional programs governing differentiation in check.
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4
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de Vos J, Crooijmans RP, Derks MF, Kloet SL, Dibbits B, Groenen MA, Madsen O. Detailed molecular and epigenetic characterization of the pig IPEC-J2 and chicken SL-29 cell lines. iScience 2023; 26:106252. [PMID: 36936794 PMCID: PMC10018572 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The pig IPEC-J2 and chicken SL-29 cell lines are of interest because of their untransformed nature and wide use in functional studies. Molecular characterization of these cell lines is important to gain insight into possible molecular aberrations. The aim of this paper is to provide a molecular and epigenetic characterization of the IPEC-J2 and SL-29 cell lines, a cell-line reference for the FAANG community, and future biomedical research. Whole genome sequencing, gene expression, DNA methylation, chromatin accessibility, and ChIP-seq of four histone marks (H3K4me1, H3K4me3, H3K27ac, H3K27me3) and an insulator (CTCF) are used to achieve these aims. Heteroploidy (aneuploidy) of various chromosomes was observed from whole genome sequencing analysis in both cell lines. Furthermore, higher gene expression for genes located on chromosomes with aneuploidy in comparison to diploid chromosomes was observed. Regulatory complexity of gene expression, DNA methylation, and chromatin accessibility was investigated through an integrative approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jani de Vos
- Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen 6708PB, the Netherlands
| | | | - Martijn F.L. Derks
- Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen 6708PB, the Netherlands
| | - Susan L. Kloet
- Human Genetics, Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum, Leiden 2333ZC, the Netherlands
| | - Bert Dibbits
- Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen 6708PB, the Netherlands
| | - Martien A.M. Groenen
- Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen 6708PB, the Netherlands
| | - Ole Madsen
- Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen 6708PB, the Netherlands
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Esmaeili-Fard SM, Gholizadeh M, Hafezian SH, Abdollahi-Arpanahi R. Genes and Pathways Affecting Sheep Productivity Traits: Genetic Parameters, Genome-Wide Association Mapping, and Pathway Enrichment Analysis. Front Genet 2021; 12:710613. [PMID: 34394196 PMCID: PMC8355708 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.710613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ewe productivity is a composite and maternal trait that is considered the most important economic trait in sheep meat production. The objective of this study was the application of alternative genome-wide association study (GWAS) approaches followed by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) on the ewes’ genome to identify genes affecting pregnancy outcomes and lamb growth after parturition in Iranian Baluchi sheep. Three maternal composite traits at birth and weaning were considered. The traits were progeny birth weight, litter mean weight at birth, total litter weight at birth, progeny weaning weight, litter mean weight at weaning, and total litter weight at weaning. GWASs were performed on original phenotypes as well as on estimated breeding values. The significant SNPs associated with composite traits at birth were located within or near genes RDX, FDX1, ARHGAP20, ZC3H12C, THBS1, and EPG5. Identified genes and pathways have functions related to pregnancy, such as autophagy in the placenta, progesterone production by the placenta, placental formation, calcium ion transport, and maternal immune response. For composite traits at weaning, genes (NR2C1, VEZT, HSD17B4, RSU1, CUBN, VIM, PRLR, and FTH1) and pathways affecting feed intake and food conservation, development of mammary glands cytoskeleton structure, and production of milk components like fatty acids, proteins, and vitamin B-12, were identified. The results show that calcium ion transport during pregnancy and feeding lambs by milk after parturition can have the greatest impact on weight gain as compared to other effects of maternal origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mehdi Esmaeili-Fard
- Department of Animal Science and Fisheries, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU), Sari, Iran
| | - Mohsen Gholizadeh
- Department of Animal Science and Fisheries, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU), Sari, Iran
| | - Seyed Hasan Hafezian
- Department of Animal Science and Fisheries, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU), Sari, Iran
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Slepicka PF, Somasundara AVH, Dos Santos CO. The molecular basis of mammary gland development and epithelial differentiation. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2021; 114:93-112. [PMID: 33082117 PMCID: PMC8052380 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Our understanding of the molecular events underpinning the development of mammalian organ systems has been increasing rapidly in recent years. With the advent of new and improved next-generation sequencing methods, we are now able to dig deeper than ever before into the genomic and epigenomic events that play critical roles in determining the fates of stem and progenitor cells during the development of an embryo into an adult. In this review, we detail and discuss the genes and pathways that are involved in mammary gland development, from embryogenesis, through maturation into an adult gland, to the role of pregnancy signals in directing the terminal maturation of the mammary gland into a milk producing organ that can nurture the offspring. We also provide an overview of the latest research in the single-cell genomics of mammary gland development, which may help us to understand the lineage commitment of mammary stem cells (MaSCs) into luminal or basal epithelial cells that constitute the mammary gland. Finally, we summarize the use of 3D organoid cultures as a model system to study the molecular events during mammary gland development. Our increased investigation of the molecular requirements for normal mammary gland development will advance the discovery of targets to predict breast cancer risk and the development of new breast cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Ferreira Slepicka
- Stem Cell Transplantation and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Camila O Dos Santos
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.
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Ho NTT, Rahane CS, Pramanik S, Kim PS, Kutzner A, Heese K. FAM72, Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) and Beyond. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13051025. [PMID: 33804473 PMCID: PMC7957592 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a serious and aggressive cancer disease that has not allowed scientists to rest for decades. In this review, we consider the new gene pair |-SRGAP2–FAM72-| and discuss its role in the cell cycle and the possibility of defining new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of GBM and other cancers via this gene pair |-SRGAP2–FAM72-|. Abstract Neural stem cells (NSCs) offer great potential for regenerative medicine due to their excellent ability to differentiate into various specialized cell types of the brain. In the central nervous system (CNS), NSC renewal and differentiation are under strict control by the regulation of the pivotal SLIT-ROBO Rho GTPase activating protein 2 (SRGAP2)—Family with sequence similarity 72 (FAM72) master gene (i.e., |-SRGAP2–FAM72-|) via a divergent gene transcription activation mechanism. If the gene transcription control unit (i.e., the intergenic region of the two sub-gene units, SRGAP2 and FAM72) gets out of control, NSCs may transform into cancer stem cells and generate brain tumor cells responsible for brain cancer such as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Here, we discuss the surveillance of this |-SRGAP2–FAM72-| master gene and its role in GBM, and also in light of FAM72 for diagnosing various types of cancers outside of the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thi Thanh Ho
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Korea;
| | - Chinmay Satish Rahane
- Maharashtra Institute of Medical Education and Research, Talegaon Dabhade, Maharashtra 410507, India;
| | - Subrata Pramanik
- Institute of Biotechnology, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 3, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Pok-Son Kim
- Department of Mathematics, Kookmin University, 77 Jeongneung-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-702, Korea;
| | - Arne Kutzner
- Department of Information Systems, College of Computer Science, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Korea;
| | - Klaus Heese
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 133-791, Korea;
- Correspondence:
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Rennhack JP, Andrechek ER. Low E2F2 activity is associated with high genomic instability and PARPi resistance. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17948. [PMID: 33087787 PMCID: PMC7578094 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74877-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The E2F family, classically known for a central role in cell cycle, has a number of emerging roles in cancer including angiogenesis, metabolic reprogramming, metastasis and DNA repair. E2F1 specifically has been shown to be a critical mediator of DNA repair; however, little is known about DNA repair and other E2F family members. Here we present an integrative bioinformatic and high throughput drug screening study to define the role of E2F2 in maintaining genomic integrity in breast cancer. We utilized in vitro E2F2 ChIP-chip and over expression data to identify transcriptional targets of E2F2. This data was integrated with gene expression from E2F2 knockout tumors in an MMTV-Neu background. Finally, this data was compared to human datasets to identify conserved roles of E2F2 in human breast cancer through the TCGA breast cancer, Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia, and CancerRx datasets. Through these methods we predict that E2F2 transcriptionally regulates mediators of DNA repair. Our gene expression data supports this hypothesis and low E2F2 activity is associated with a highly unstable tumor. In human breast cancer E2F2, status was also correlated with a patient's response to PARP inhibition therapy. Taken together this manuscript defines a novel role of E2F2 in cancer progression beyond cell cycle and could impact patient treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eran R Andrechek
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, 2194 BPS Building, 567 Wilson Road, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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Ochsner SA, Pillich RT, McKenna NJ. Consensus transcriptional regulatory networks of coronavirus-infected human cells. Sci Data 2020; 7:314. [PMID: 32963239 PMCID: PMC7509801 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-020-00628-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Establishing consensus around the transcriptional interface between coronavirus (CoV) infection and human cellular signaling pathways can catalyze the development of novel anti-CoV therapeutics. Here, we used publicly archived transcriptomic datasets to compute consensus regulatory signatures, or consensomes, that rank human genes based on their rates of differential expression in MERS-CoV (MERS), SARS-CoV-1 (SARS1) and SARS-CoV-2 (SARS2)-infected cells. Validating the CoV consensomes, we show that high confidence transcriptional targets (HCTs) of MERS, SARS1 and SARS2 infection intersect with HCTs of signaling pathway nodes with known roles in CoV infection. Among a series of novel use cases, we gather evidence for hypotheses that SARS2 infection efficiently represses E2F family HCTs encoding key drivers of DNA replication and the cell cycle; that progesterone receptor signaling antagonizes SARS2-induced inflammatory signaling in the airway epithelium; and that SARS2 HCTs are enriched for genes involved in epithelial to mesenchymal transition. The CoV infection consensomes and HCT intersection analyses are freely accessible through the Signaling Pathways Project knowledgebase, and as Cytoscape-style networks in the Network Data Exchange repository.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Ochsner
- The Signaling Pathways Project and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Rudolf T Pillich
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Neil J McKenna
- The Signaling Pathways Project and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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10
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Ochsner SA, Pillich RT, McKenna NJ. Consensus transcriptional regulatory networks of coronavirus-infected human cells. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2020:2020.04.24.059527. [PMID: 32511379 PMCID: PMC7263508 DOI: 10.1101/2020.04.24.059527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Establishing consensus around the transcriptional interface between coronavirus (CoV) infection and human cellular signaling pathways can catalyze the development of novel anti-CoV therapeutics. Here, we used publicly archived transcriptomic datasets to compute consensus regulatory signatures, or consensomes, that rank human genes based on their rates of differential expression in MERS-CoV (MERS), SARS-CoV-1 (SARS1) and SARS-CoV-2 (SARS2)-infected cells. Validating the CoV consensomes, we show that high confidence transcriptional targets (HCTs) of CoV infection intersect with HCTs of signaling pathway nodes with known roles in CoV infection. Among a series of novel use cases, we gather evidence for hypotheses that SARS2 infection efficiently represses E2F family target genes encoding key drivers of DNA replication and the cell cycle; that progesterone receptor signaling antagonizes SARS2-induced inflammatory signaling in the airway epithelium; and that SARS2 HCTs are enriched for genes involved in epithelial to mesenchymal transition. The CoV infection consensomes and HCT intersection analyses are freely accessible through the Signaling Pathways Project knowledgebase, and as Cytoscape-style networks in the Network Data Exchange repository.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Ochsner
- The Signaling Pathways Project and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Rudolf T Pillich
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Neil J McKenna
- The Signaling Pathways Project and Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
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11
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Rgma-Induced Neo1 Proteolysis Promotes Neural Tube Morphogenesis. J Neurosci 2019; 39:7465-7484. [PMID: 31399534 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3262-18.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroepithelial cell (NEC) elongation is one of several key cell behaviors that mediate the tissue-level morphogenetic movements that shape the neural tube (NT), the precursor of the brain and spinal cord. However, the upstream signals that promote NEC elongation have been difficult to tease apart from those regulating apico-basal polarity and hingepoint formation, due to their confounding interdependence. The Repulsive Guidance Molecule a (Rgma)/Neogenin 1 (Neo1) signaling pathway plays a conserved role in NT formation (neurulation) and is reported to regulate both NEC elongation and apico-basal polarity, through signal transduction events that have not been identified. We examine here the role of Rgma/Neo1 signaling in zebrafish (sex unknown), an organism that does not use hingepoints to shape its hindbrain, thereby enabling a direct assessment of the role of this pathway in NEC elongation. We confirm that Rgma/Neo1 signaling is required for microtubule-mediated NEC elongation, and demonstrate via cell transplantation that Neo1 functions cell autonomously to promote elongation. However, in contrast to previous findings, our data do not support a role for this pathway in establishing apical junctional complexes. Last, we provide evidence that Rgma promotes Neo1 glycosylation and intramembrane proteolysis, resulting in the production of a transient, nuclear intracellular fragment (NeoICD). Partial rescue of Neo1a and Rgma knockdown embryos by overexpressing neoICD suggests that this proteolytic cleavage is essential for neurulation. Based on these observations, we propose that RGMA-induced NEO1 proteolysis orchestrates NT morphogenesis by promoting NEC elongation independently of the establishment of apical junctional complexes.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The neural tube, the CNS precursor, is shaped during neurulation. Neural tube defects occur frequently, yet underlying genetic risk factors are poorly understood. Neuroepithelial cell (NEC) elongation is essential for proper completion of neurulation. Thus, connecting NEC elongation with the molecular pathways that control this process is expected to reveal novel neural tube defect risk factors and increase our understanding of NT development. Effectors of cell elongation include microtubules and microtubule-associated proteins; however, upstream regulators remain controversial due to the confounding interdependence of cell elongation and establishment of apico-basal polarity. Here, we reveal that Rgma-Neo1 signaling controls NEC elongation independently of the establishment of apical junctional complexes and identify Rgma-induced Neo1 proteolytic cleavage as a key upstream signaling event.
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12
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Devarakonda CV, Pereira FE, Smith JD, Shapiro LH, Ghosh M. CD13 deficiency leads to increased oxidative stress and larger atherosclerotic lesions. Atherosclerosis 2019; 287:70-80. [PMID: 31229835 PMCID: PMC6746312 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2019.06.901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory cardiovascular disorder characterized by accumulation of lipid-loaded macrophages in the intima. Prolonged accumulation leads to apoptosis of macrophages and eventually to progression of lesion development. Prevention of macrophage accumulation within the intima has been shown to reduce lesion formation. Since CD13 mediates trafficking of macrophages to sites of injury and repair, we tested the role of CD13 in atherosclerosis. METHODS CD13+/+Ldlr-/- and CD13-/-Ldlr-/- (low density lipoprotein receptor) mice were fed basal or high fat diet (HFD) for 9, 12 and 15 weeks. Mice were euthanized and aortic roots along with innominate arteries were analyzed for atherosclerotic lesions. Cellular mechanisms were determined in vitro using CD13+/+ and CD13-/- bone marrow derived macrophages (BMDMs) incubated with highly oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL). RESULTS At the 9 and 12 week time points, no differences were observed in the average lesion size, but at the 15 week time point, CD13-/-Ldlr-/- mice had larger lesions with exaggerated necrotic areas. CD13+/+ and CD13-/- macrophages endocytosed similar amounts of oxLDL, but CD13-/- macrophages generated higher amounts of oxidative stressors in comparison to CD13+/+ macrophages. This increased oxidative stress was due to increased nitric oxide production in oxLDL treated CD13-/- macrophages. Accumulated oxidative stress subsequently led to accelerated apoptosis and enhanced necrosis of oxLDL treated CD13-/- macrophages. CONCLUSIONS Contrary to our prediction, CD13 deficiency led to larger atherosclerotic lesions with increased areas of necrosis. Mechanistically, CD13 deficiency led to increased nitric oxide production and consequently, greater oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charan V Devarakonda
- Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Flavia E Pereira
- Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA
| | - Jonathan D Smith
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Linda H Shapiro
- Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
| | - Mallika Ghosh
- Center for Vascular Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
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Hollern DP, Swiatnicki MR, Rennhack JP, Misek SA, Matson BC, McAuliff A, Gallo KA, Caron KM, Andrechek ER. E2F1 Drives Breast Cancer Metastasis by Regulating the Target Gene FGF13 and Altering Cell Migration. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10718. [PMID: 31341204 PMCID: PMC6656723 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47218-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In prior work we demonstrated that loss of E2F transcription factors inhibits metastasis. Here we address the mechanisms for this phenotype and identify the E2F regulated genes that coordinate tumor cell metastasis. Transcriptomic profiling of E2F1 knockout tumors identified a role for E2F1 as a master regulator of a suite of pro-metastatic genes, but also uncovered E2F1 target genes with an unknown role in pulmonary metastasis. High expression of one of these genes, Fgf13, is associated with early human breast cancer metastasis in a clinical dataset. Together these data led to the hypothesis that Fgf13 is critical for breast cancer metastasis, and that upregulation of Fgf13 may partially explain how E2F1 promotes breast cancer metastasis. To test this hypothesis we ablated Fgf13 via CRISPR. Deletion of Fgf13 in a MMTV-PyMT breast cancer cell line reduces colonization of the lungs in a tail vein injection. In addition, loss of Fgf13 reduced in vitro cell migration, suggesting that Fgf13 may be critical for tumor cells to escape the primary tumor and to colonize the distal sites. The significance of this work is twofold: we have both uncovered genomic features by which E2F1 regulates metastasis and we have identified new pro-metastatic functions for the E2F1 target gene Fgf13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Hollern
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Matthew R Swiatnicki
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
| | - Jonathan P Rennhack
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
| | - Sean A Misek
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
| | - Brooke C Matson
- University of North Carolina Department of Cell Biology, Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Andrew McAuliff
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
| | - Kathleen A Gallo
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States
| | - Kathleen M Caron
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, United States
| | - Eran R Andrechek
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, United States.
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14
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Kim HR, Rahman FU, Kim KS, Kim EK, Cho SM, Lee K, Moon OS, Seo YW, Yoon WK, Won YS, Kang H, Kim HC, Nam KH. Critical Roles of E2F3 in Growth and Musculo-skeletal Phenotype in Mice. Int J Med Sci 2019; 16:1557-1563. [PMID: 31839743 PMCID: PMC6909802 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.39068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
E2F3, a member of the E2F family, plays a critical role in cell cycle and proliferation by targeting downstream, retinoblastoma (RB) a tumor suppressor family protein. The purpose of this study, was to investigate the role and function of E2F3 in vivo. We examined phenotypic abnormalities, by deletion of the E2f3 gene in mice. Complete ablation of the E2F3 was fully penetrant, in the pure C57BL/6N background. The E2f3+/ - mouse embryo developed normally without fatal disorder. However, they exhibited reduced body weight, growth retardation, skeletal imperfection, and poor grip strength ability. Findings suggest that E2F3 has a pivotal role in muscle and bone development, and affect normal mouse growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Rim Kim
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yeonjudanji-ro 30, Chungbuk 28116, Korea
| | - Faiz Ur Rahman
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yeonjudanji-ro 30, Chungbuk 28116, Korea
| | - Kwang-Soo Kim
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yeonjudanji-ro 30, Chungbuk 28116, Korea.,Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Seodong-daero 4726, Gyeonggi 17546, Korea
| | - Eun-Kyeung Kim
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yeonjudanji-ro 30, Chungbuk 28116, Korea
| | - Sang-Mi Cho
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yeonjudanji-ro 30, Chungbuk 28116, Korea
| | - Kihoon Lee
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yeonjudanji-ro 30, Chungbuk 28116, Korea
| | - Ok-Sung Moon
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yeonjudanji-ro 30, Chungbuk 28116, Korea
| | - Young-Won Seo
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yeonjudanji-ro 30, Chungbuk 28116, Korea
| | - Won-Kee Yoon
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yeonjudanji-ro 30, Chungbuk 28116, Korea
| | - Young-Suk Won
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yeonjudanji-ro 30, Chungbuk 28116, Korea
| | - Hoyoung Kang
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yeonjudanji-ro 30, Chungbuk 28116, Korea
| | - Hyoung-Chin Kim
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yeonjudanji-ro 30, Chungbuk 28116, Korea
| | - Ki-Hoan Nam
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yeonjudanji-ro 30, Chungbuk 28116, Korea
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15
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Mukherjee A, Hollern DP, Williams OG, Rayburn TS, Byrd WA, Yates C, Jones JD. A Review of FOXI3 Regulation of Development and Possible Roles in Cancer Progression and Metastasis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:69. [PMID: 30018953 PMCID: PMC6038025 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Development and cancer share a variety of functional traits such as EMT, cell migration, angiogenesis, and tissue remodeling. In addition, many cellular signaling pathways are noted to coordinate developmental processes and facilitate aspects of tumor progression. The Forkhead box superfamily of transcription factors consists of a highly conserved DNA binding domain, which binds to specific DNA sequences and play significant roles during adult tissue homoeostasis and embryogenesis including development, differentiation, metabolism, proliferation, apoptosis, migration, and invasion. Interestingly, various studies have implicated the role of key Fox family members such as FOXP, FOXO, and FOXA during cancer initiation and metastases. FOXI3, a member of the Forkhead family affects embryogenesis, development, and bone remodeling; however, no studies have reported a role in cancer. In this review, we summarize the role of FOXI3 in embryogenesis and bone development and discuss its potential involvement in cancer progression with a focus on the bone metastasis. Moreover, we hypothesize possible mechanisms underlying the role of FOXI3 in the development of solid tumor bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angana Mukherjee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Troy University, Troy, AL, United States.,Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Daniel P Hollern
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | | | - Tyeler S Rayburn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Troy University, Troy, AL, United States
| | - William A Byrd
- Department of Biological Sciences, Troy University, Troy, AL, United States
| | - Clayton Yates
- Department of Biology and Center for Cancer Research, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL, United States
| | - Jacqueline D Jones
- Department of Biological Sciences, Troy University, Troy, AL, United States.,Department of Biology and Center for Cancer Research, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL, United States.,Department of Nursing and Allied Health, Troy University, Troy, AL, United States
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