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Shi Q, Hu H, Yu Q, Huang W, Wang Y, Quan J, Zhou J, Weng R, Zhang P, Meng Y, Liu H, Jiang Y, Yu Y, Du X. Chromosomal integration and plasmid fusion occurring in ST20 carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates coharboring blaNDM-1 and blaIMP-4 induce resistance transmission and fitness variation. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2339942. [PMID: 38584569 PMCID: PMC11022923 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2339942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
To investigate the epidemiology of ST20 carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) in China, and further explore the genomic characteristics of blaIMP-4 and blaNDM-1 coharboring isolates and plasmid contributions to resistance and fitness. Seven ST20 CRKP isolates were collected nationwide, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed. Antimicrobial resistance genes, virulence genes, and plasmid replicons were identified via whole-genome sequencing, and clonality assessed via core-genome multilocus sequence typing. Furthermore, we found four dual-metallo-β-lactamases (MBL)-harbouring isolates, the gene location was detected by Southern blotting, and plasmid location analysis showed that blaIMP-4 was located on a separate plasmid, a self-conjugative fusion plasmid, or the bacterial chromosome. These isolates were subjected to long-read sequencing, the presence of blaIMP-4 in different locations was identified by genomic comparison, and transposon units were detected via inverse PCR. We subsequently found that blaIMP-4 on the fusion plasmid and bacterial chromosome was formed via intact plasmid recombination by the IS26 and ltrA, respectively, and the circular transposon unit was related to cointegration, however, blaIMP-4 in different locations did not affect the gene stability. The blaNDM-1-harbouring plasmid contributed to the increased resistance to β-lactams and shortened survival lag time which was revealed in plasmid cured isolates. In summary, the K. pneumoniae ST20 clone is a high-risk resistant clone. With the use of ceftazidime/avibactam, MBL-positive isolates, especially dual-MBL-harbouring isolates, should be given additional attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiucheng Shi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huangdu Hu
- Center for General Practice Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiyi Huang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yinping Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jingjing Quan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junxin Zhou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rui Weng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Meng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Liu
- Center of Laboratory Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College Affiliated People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yunsong Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxing Du
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology and Bioinformatics of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- Regional Medical Center for National Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Shastry RP, Bajire SK, Banerjee S, Shastry KP, Hameed A. Association Between Biofilm Formation and Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Production in Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Fresh Fruits and Vegetables. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:206. [PMID: 38831051 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-024-03723-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in fresh fruits and vegetables is a growing public health concern. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between biofilm formation and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production in K. pneumoniae strains obtained from fresh fruits and vegetables. Out of 120 samples analysed, 94 samples (78%) were found to be positive for K. pneumoniae. Among the K. pneumoniae strains isolated, 74.5% were from vegetables, whereas the remaining (25.5%) were from fresh fruits. K. pneumoniae isolates were resistant to at least three different classes of antibiotics, with ceftazidime (90%) and cefotaxime (70%) showing the highest resistance rates. While the high occurrence of ESBL-producing and biofilm-forming K. pneumoniae strains were detected in vegetables (73.5% and 73.7%, respectively), considerable amounts of the same were also found in fresh fruits (26.5% and 26.3%, respectively). The results further showed a statistically significant (P < 0.001) association between biofilm formation and ESBL production in K. pneumoniae strains isolated from fresh fruits and vegetables. Furthermore, the majority (81%) of the ESBL-producing strains harbored the blaCTX-M gene, while a smaller proportion of strains carried the blaTEM gene (30%), blaSHV gene (11%) or blaOXA (8%). This study highlights the potential public health threat posed by K. pneumoniae in fresh fruits and vegetables and emphasizes the need for strict surveillance and control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Padumane Shastry
- Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, India.
| | - Sukesh Kumar Bajire
- Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, India
| | - Shukla Banerjee
- Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, India
| | - Kavyashree Padumane Shastry
- Department of Microbiology, Yenepoya Institute of Arts, Science, Commerce and Management, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), Kulur, Mangaluru, 575013, India
| | - Asif Hameed
- Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to Be University), University Road, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, India
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Krishnappa S, Karthik Y, Pratap GK, Shantaram M, Umarajashekhar A, Soumya J, Bhatt B, Sayed SM, Alhelaify SS, Aharthy OM, Mushtaq M. Exploration of bioactive compounds from Olea dioica in Western Ghats of Karnataka using GC-MS. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:63. [PMID: 38344286 PMCID: PMC10853147 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03888-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Bioactive compounds in plants are essential for the formation of novel chemotherapeutic drugs, which have been used in Ayurveda to treat a variety of illnesses. Indian medicinal herbs have been used for thousands of years to treat a variety of illnesses, such as fever, cancer, snake bites, rheumatism, skin problems, and neurodegenerative diseases. GC-MS was used to locate and categorize bioactive components in Olea dioica leaves. The results showed that presence of octanoic acid, methyl ester, decanoic acid, methyl ester, desulphosinigrin, l-gala-l-ido-octose, methyl tetradecanoate, Tetradecanoic acid, 6-benzoxazolesulfonamide, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-methyl-, 10-chloro-5-methoxy-5H-dibenzo[a,d][7]annulene, pentadecanoic acid, oleic acid, n-hexadecanoic acid, hexanedioic acid, dioctyl ester, and squalene. The methanol extract of Olea dioica was effective against a wide spectrum of pathogenic bacteria at four different concentrations, with the highest activity against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Xanthomonas campestris, and Salmonella typhimurium. It also showed moderate activity against Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptomyces pneumonia, and Pseudomonas syringae. The pharmacological properties of O. dioica, as well as their variety and comprehensive phytochemistry, could be exploited as a potent antimicrobial agent for future therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasa Krishnappa
- Department of Studies and Research in Biochemistry, Mangalore University, Jnana Kaveri, Chikka Aluvara, Kodagu, Karnataka India
| | - Yalpi Karthik
- Department of Studies and Research in Microbiology, Mangalore University, Jnana Kaveri, Chikka Aluvara, Kodagu, Karnataka India
| | - G. K. Pratap
- Department of Studies and Research in Biochemistry, Mangalore University, Jnana Kaveri, Chikka Aluvara, Kodagu, Karnataka India
| | - Manjula Shantaram
- Department of Studies and Research in Biochemistry, Mangalore University, Jnana Kaveri, Chikka Aluvara, Kodagu, Karnataka India
| | - Alavala Umarajashekhar
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology and Bio-Energy Agricultural College JilleleSircilla, Professor Jayashankar Telangana State Agriculture University, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, India
| | - J. Soumya
- Department of Microbiology, Government Degree College, Bodhan, Kakatiya University, Warangal, India
| | - Bhagyashree Bhatt
- MS Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Bajhol, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173229 India
| | - Samy M. Sayed
- Department of Science and Technology, University College-Ranyah, Taif University, B.O. Box 11099, 21944 Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Seham Sater Alhelaify
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, 21944 Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ohud Muslat Aharthy
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, 21944 Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muntazir Mushtaq
- MS Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Bajhol, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173229 India
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Saparamadu AADNS, Ratnayake L. Epidemiology of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infections in a general hospital in Singapore: a retrospective cohort study. Singapore Med J 2023; 64:700-706. [PMID: 35848338 PMCID: PMC10754363 DOI: 10.11622/smedj.2022094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Centeleghe I, Norville P, Hughes L, Maillard JY. Klebsiella pneumoniae survives on surfaces as a dry biofilm. Am J Infect Control 2023; 51:1157-1162. [PMID: 36907360 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2023.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dry surface biofilms (DSB) are widespread in healthcare settings presenting a challenge to cleaning and disinfection. Klebsiella pneumoniae has been a focus of attention due to antibiotic resistance and the emergence of hypervirulent strains. Few studies have demonstrated K pneumoniae survival on surfaces following desiccation. METHODS DSB were formed over 12 days. Bacterial culturability and transfer were investigated following DSB incubation up to 4 weeks. Bacterial viability in DSB was investigated with live/dead staining using flow cytometry. RESULTS K pneumoniae formed mature DSB. After 2 and 4 weeks of incubation, transfer from DSB was low (<55%) and reduced further (<21%) following wiping. Culturability at 2 and 4 weeks varied although viability remained high indicating viable but non culturable state (VBNC). DISCUSSION K pneumoniae was removed from surfaces by mechanical wiping as shown with DSB of other species. Although culturability was reduced over time, bacteria remained viable up to 4 weeks incubation, proving the need for robust cleaning regimens. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study confirming K pneumoniae survival on dry surfaces as a DSB. The presence of VBNC bacteria indicated that K pneumoniae can for extended periods, raising questions about its persistence on surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Centeleghe
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Redwood Building, Cardiff, UK.
| | | | - Louise Hughes
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Redwood Building, Cardiff, UK
| | - Jean-Yves Maillard
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Redwood Building, Cardiff, UK
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Yang M, Zhou X, Bao Y, Zhang Y, Liu B, Gan L, Tao W, Tuo J, Gong H. Comprehensive Genomic Analysis Reveals Extensive Diversity of Type I and Type IV Secretion Systems in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Curr Microbiol 2023; 80:270. [PMID: 37402963 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03362-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023]
Abstract
The diversity and distribution of secretion systems in Klebsiella pneumoniae are unclear. In this study, the six common secretion systems (T1SS-T6SS) were comprehensively investigated in the genomes of 952 K. pneumoniae strains. T1SS, T2SS, type T subtype of T4SS, T5SS, and subtype T6SSi of T6SS were found. The findings indicated fewer types of secretion systems in K. pneumoniae than reported in Enterobacteriaceae, such as Escherichia coli. One conserved T2SS, one conserved T5SS, and two conserved T6SS were detected in more than 90% of the strains. In contrast, the strains displayed extensive diversity of T1SS and T4SS. Notably, T1SS and T4SS were enriched in the hypervirulent and classical multidrug resistance pathotypes of K. pneumoniae, respectively. The results expand the epidemiological knowledge of the virulence and transmissibility of pathogenic K. pneumoniae and contribute to identify the potential strains for safe applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menglei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Boya Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Luxi Gan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihua Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinyou Tuo
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai, 200237, People's Republic of China.
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Ferreira PFA, Xavier JF, Nunes JF, Fonseca IP, de Mattos de Oliveira Coelho S, Soares de Souza MM, da Silva Coelho I. Bacteria and antimicrobial resistance profile during the composting process of wastes from animal production. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:1157-1167. [PMID: 36757538 PMCID: PMC10235383 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-00912-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Livestock waste is widely used in agriculture. Although they provide benefits to the soil, and consequently to plants, they have the potential to contaminate the environment, as they contain pathogenic microorganisms and determinants of antimicrobial resistance, if not properly managed. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the effect of composting horse bedding and poultry litter in organic and conventional production systems on the occurrence of bacteria in the Enterobacteriales order and to identify their antimicrobial resistance profiles. Bacterial strains were isolated from Salmonella-Shigella and eosin methylene blue solid media from animal waste during the composting process that was conducted for 125 days. After isolation, the strains were identified by the MALDI-TOF technique; the disk diffusion test was then performed for phenotypic detection of antimicrobial resistance. A total of 158 bacterial strains were isolated during composting of three wastes. The Enterobacteriaceae family was the most abundant, whereas Proteus mirabilis and Escherichia coli were the species with the highest percentage in the wastes, which also exhibited a multi-resistance profile. Poultry litter showed a greater abundance of resistant bacteria than horse bedding did. Similarly, a greater number of resistant bacteria was detected in conventional poultry litter than in organic poultry litter. The results obtained reinforce that animal wastes are reservoirs of pathogenic bacteria that are resistant to antimicrobials and highlight the importance of developing management strategies that aim to reduce and/or eliminate these contaminants to guarantee their safe use in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Fernanda Alves Ferreira
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, 23897-970, Brazil
| | - Júlia Ferreira Xavier
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, 23897-970, Brazil
| | - Juliana Ferreira Nunes
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, 23897-970, Brazil
| | - Isabela Pinto Fonseca
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, 23897-970, Brazil
| | - Shana de Mattos de Oliveira Coelho
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, 23897-970, Brazil
| | - Miliane Moreira Soares de Souza
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, 23897-970, Brazil
| | - Irene da Silva Coelho
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, 23897-970, Brazil.
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Fayez MS, Hakim TA, Zaki BM, Makky S, Abdelmoteleb M, Essam K, Safwat A, Abdelsattar AS, El-Shibiny A. Morphological, biological, and genomic characterization of Klebsiella pneumoniae phage vB_Kpn_ZC2. Virol J 2023; 20:86. [PMID: 37138257 PMCID: PMC10158348 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-023-02034-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacteriophages (phages) are one of the most promising alternatives to traditional antibiotic therapies, especially against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Klebsiella pneumoniae is considered to be an opportunistic pathogen that can cause life-threatening infections. Thus, this study aims at the characterization of a novel isolated phage vB_Kpn_ZC2 (ZCKP2, for short). METHODS The phage ZCKP2 was isolated from sewage water by using the clinical isolate KP/08 as a host strain. The isolated bacteriophage was purified and amplified, followed by testing of its molecular weight using Pulse-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE), transmission electron microscopy, antibacterial activity against a panel of other Klebsiella pneumoniae hosts, stability studies, and whole genome sequencing. RESULTS Phage ZCKP2 belongs morphologically to siphoviruses as indicated from the Transmission Electron Microscopy microgram. The Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis and the phage sequencing estimated the phage genome size of 48.2 kbp. Moreover, the absence of lysogeny-related genes, antibiotic resistance genes, and virulence genes in the annotated genome suggests that phage ZCKP2 is safe for therapeutic use. Genome-based taxonomic analysis indicates that phage ZCKP2 represents a new family that has not been formally rated yet. In addition, phage ZCKP2 preserved high stability at different temperatures and pH values (-20 - 70 °C and pH 4 - 9). For the antibacterial activity, phage ZCKP2 maintained consistent clear zones on KP/08 bacteria along with other hosts, in addition to effective bacterial killing over time at different MOIs (0.1, 1, and 10). Also, the genome annotation predicted antibacterial lytic enzymes. Furthermore, the topology of class II holins was predicted in some putative proteins with dual transmembrane domains that contribute significantly to antibacterial activity. Phage ZCKP2 characterization demonstrates safety and efficiency against multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae, hence ZCKP2 is a good candidate for further in vivo and phage therapy clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S Fayez
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, 12578, Egypt
| | - Toka A Hakim
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, 12578, Egypt
| | - Bishoy Maher Zaki
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, 12578, Egypt
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA), Giza, 11787, Egypt
| | - Salsabil Makky
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, 12578, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdelmoteleb
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Kareem Essam
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, 12578, Egypt
| | - Anan Safwat
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, 12578, Egypt
| | - Abdallah S Abdelsattar
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, 12578, Egypt
| | - Ayman El-Shibiny
- Center for Microbiology and Phage Therapy, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza, 12578, Egypt.
- Faculty of Environmental Agricultural Sciences, Arish University, Arish, 45511, Egypt.
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Foster-Nyarko E, Cottingham H, Wick RR, Judd LM, Lam MMC, Wyres KL, Stanton TD, Tsang KK, David S, Aanensen DM, Brisse S, Holt KE. Nanopore-only assemblies for genomic surveillance of the global priority drug-resistant pathogen, Klebsiella pneumoniae. Microb Genom 2023; 9:mgen000936. [PMID: 36752781 PMCID: PMC9997738 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) sequencing has rich potential for genomic epidemiology and public health investigations of bacterial pathogens, particularly in low-resource settings and at the point of care, due to its portability and affordability. However, low base-call accuracy has limited the reliability of ONT data for critical tasks such as antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and virulence gene detection and typing, serotype prediction, and cluster identification. Thus, Illumina sequencing remains the standard for genomic surveillance despite higher capital and running costs. We tested the accuracy of ONT-only assemblies for common applied bacterial genomics tasks (genotyping and cluster detection, implemented via Kleborate, Kaptive and Pathogenwatch), using data from 54 unique Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. ONT reads generated via MinION with R9.4.1 flowcells were basecalled using three alternative models [Fast, High-accuracy (HAC) and Super-accuracy (SUP), available within ONT's Guppy software], assembled with Flye and polished using Medaka. Accuracy of typing using ONT-only assemblies was compared with that of Illumina-only and hybrid ONT+Illumina assemblies, constructed from the same isolates as reference standards. The most resource-intensive ONT-assembly approach (SUP basecalling, with or without Medaka polishing) performed best, yielding reliable capsule (K) type calls for all strains (100 % exact or best matching locus), reliable multi-locus sequence type (MLST) assignment (98.3 % exact match or single-locus variants), and good detection of acquired AMR genes and mutations (88-100 % correct identification across the various drug classes). Distance-based trees generated from SUP+Medaka assemblies accurately reflected overall genetic relationships between isolates. The definition of outbreak clusters from ONT-only assemblies was problematic due to inflation of SNP counts by high base-call errors. However, ONT data could be reliably used to 'rule out' isolates of distinct lineages from suspected transmission clusters. HAC basecalling + Medaka polishing performed similarly to SUP basecalling without polishing. Therefore, we recommend investing compute resources into basecalling (SUP model), wherever compute resources and time allow, and note that polishing is also worthwhile for improved performance. Overall, our results show that MLST, K type and AMR determinants can be reliably identified with ONT-only R9.4.1 flowcell data. However, cluster detection remains challenging with this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebenezer Foster-Nyarko
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- *Correspondence: Ebenezer Foster-Nyarko,
| | - Hugh Cottingham
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Ryan R. Wick
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Louise M. Judd
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Margaret M. C. Lam
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Kelly L. Wyres
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
| | - Thomas D. Stanton
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Kara K. Tsang
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Sophia David
- Centre for Genomic Pathogen Surveillance, Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - David M. Aanensen
- Centre for Genomic Pathogen Surveillance, Big Data Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre for Health Information and Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 7LF, UK
| | - Sylvain Brisse
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Biodiversity and Epidemiology of Bacterial Pathogens, Paris, France
| | - Kathryn E. Holt
- Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia
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10
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Abdelaziz R, Tartor YH, Barakat AB, EL-Didamony G, Gado MM, Berbecea A, Radulov HDI. Bioactive metabolites of Streptomyces misakiensis display broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant bacteria and fungi. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1162721. [PMID: 37168394 PMCID: PMC10165089 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1162721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Antimicrobial resistance is a serious threat to public health globally. It is a slower-moving pandemic than COVID-19, so we are fast running out of treatment options. Purpose Thus, this study was designed to search for an alternative biomaterial with broad-spectrum activity for the treatment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial and fungal pathogen-related infections. Methods We isolated Streptomyces species from soil samples and identified the most active strains with antimicrobial activity. The culture filtrates of active species were purified, and the bioactive metabolite extracts were identified by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the bioactive metabolites against MDR bacteria and fungi were determined using the broth microdilution method. Results Preliminary screening revealed that Streptomyces misakiensis and S. coeruleorubidus exhibited antimicrobial potential. The MIC50 and MIC90 of S. misakiensis antibacterial bioactive metabolite (ursolic acid methyl ester) and antifungal metabolite (tetradecamethylcycloheptasiloxane) against all tested bacteria and fungi were 0.5 μg/ml and 1 μg/mL, respectively, versus S. coeruleorubidus metabolites: thiocarbamic acid, N,N-dimethyl, S-1,3-diphenyl-2-butenyl ester against bacteria (MIC50: 2 μg/ml and MIC90: 4 μg/mL) and fungi (MIC50: 4 μg/ml and MIC90: 8 μg/mL). Ursolic acid methyl ester was active against ciprofloxacin-resistant strains of Streptococcus pyogenes, S. agalactiae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Salmonella enterica serovars, colistin-resistant Aeromonas hydrophila and K. pneumoniae, and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Tetradecamethylcycloheptasiloxane was active against azole- and amphotericin B-resistant Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, C. gattii, Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, and A. fumigatus. Ursolic acid methyl ester was applied in vivo for treating S. aureus septicemia and K. pneumoniae pneumonia models in mice. In the septicemia model, the ursolic acid methyl ester-treated group had a significant 4.00 and 3.98 log CFU/g decrease (P < 0.05) in liver and spleen tissue compared to the infected, untreated control group. Lung tissue in the pneumonia model showed a 2.20 log CFU/g significant decrease in the ursolic acid methyl ester-treated group in comparison to the control group. The haematological and biochemical markers in the ursolic acid methyl ester-treated group did not change in a statistically significant way. Moreover, no abnormalities were found in the histopathology of the liver, kidneys, lungs, and spleen of ursolic acid methyl ester-treated mice in comparison with the control group. Conclusion S. misakiensis metabolite extracts are broad-spectrum antimicrobial biomaterials that can be further investigated for the potential against MDR pathogen infections. Hence, it opens up new horizons for exploring alternative drugs for current and reemerging diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rewan Abdelaziz
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yasmine H. Tartor
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
- *Correspondence: Yasmine H. Tartor, ;
| | - Ahmed B. Barakat
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gamal EL-Didamony
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Marwa M. Gado
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Adina Berbecea
- Department of Soil Science, University of Life Science”King Mihai I” from, Timioara, Romania
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11
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Akbar N, Kawish M, Jabri T, Khan NA, Shah MR, Siddiqui R. Enhancing efficacy of existing antibacterials against selected multiple drug resistant bacteria using cinnamic acid-coated magnetic iron oxide and mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Pathog Glob Health 2022; 116:438-454. [PMID: 34937524 PMCID: PMC9518276 DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2021.2014235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Developing new antibacterial drugs by using traditional ways is insufficient to meet existing challenges; hence, new strategies in the field of antibacterial discovery are necessary. An alternative strategy is to improve the efficacy of currently available antibiotics. Herein, the antibacterial efficacy of drugs (Cefixime, Sulfamethoxazole, and Moxifloxacin) and drug-loaded cinnamic acid-coated magnetic iron oxide and mesoporous silica nanoparticles (NPs) was elucidated versus Gram-negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, neuropathogenic Escherichia coli K1 and Serratia marcescens) and Gram-positive bacteria (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Bacillus cereus). NPs were synthesized by co-precipitation and the Stöber method, and characterized by Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, Zetasizer, and Atomic force microscopy. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays were accomplished to determine drug cytotoxicity against human cells. Spherical NPs in the range of 118-362 nm were successfully synthesized. Antibacterial assays revealed that drugs conjugated with NPs portray enhanced bactericidal efficacies against multiple drug resistant bacteria compared to the drugs alone. Of note, Cefixime-conjugated NPs against Escherichia coli K1 and Methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus, resulted in the complete eradication of all bacterial isolates tested at significantly lower concentrations compared to the antibiotics alone. Likewise, conjugation of Moxifloxacin resulted in the complete elimination of E. coli K1 and MRSA. Of note, nano-formulated drugs presented negligible cytotoxicity against human cells. These results depict potent, and enhanced efficacy of nano-formulated drugs against medically important bacteria and can be used as alternatives to current antibiotics. Future in vivo studies and clinical studies are warranted in prospective years to realize these expectations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Akbar
- College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah, UAE
| | - Muhammad Kawish
- International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences, H.e.j. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Tooba Jabri
- International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences, H.e.j. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Ahmed Khan
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah, UAE,CONTACT Naveed Ahmed Khan Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah27272, UAE
| | - Muhammad Raza Shah
- International Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences, H.e.j. Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui
- College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, University City, Sharjah, UAE
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12
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Contemporary Tools for the Cure against Pernicious Microorganisms: Micro-/Nanorobots. PROSTHESIS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/prosthesis4030034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
One of the most pressing concerns to global public health is the emergence of drug-resistant pathogenic microorganisms due to increased unconscious antibiotic usage. With the rising antibiotic resistance, existing antimicrobial agents lose their effectiveness over time. This indicates that newer and more effective antimicrobial agents and methods should be investigated. Many studies have shown that micro-/nanorobots exhibit promise in the treatment of microbial infections with their great properties, such as the intrinsic antimicrobial activities owing to their oxidative stress induction and metal ion release capabilities, and effective and autonomous delivery of antibiotics to the target area. In addition, they have multiple simultaneous mechanisms of action against microbes, which makes them remarkable in antimicrobial activity. This review focuses on the antimicrobial micro-/nanorobots and their strategies to impede biofilm formation, following a brief introduction of the latest advancements in micro-/nanorobots, and their implementations against various bacteria, and other microorganisms.
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13
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Sharba ZA, Farazdaq Rafeeq H. The Incidence of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase Enzymes and Their Connection to Virulence Genes in Community-Acquired Urinary Tract Infection. BIONATURA 2022. [DOI: 10.21931/rb/2022.07.02.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In community-acquired urinary tract infections, Klebsiella pneumoniae is considered one of the most common etiological agents. Multidrug resistance and virulence are common in Klebsiella pneumoniae populations. In this study, fifty Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were isolated from urine samples and identified using a vitek 2 compact device. The Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion technique used the antibiotic susceptibility test. According to the findings, approximately [n = 46 (92%)] of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates are multidrug-resistant (MDR). To detect the production of Extended Spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) enzymes, the Modified Double Disc Synergy Test (MDDST) was used. The results show that approximately [n=45 (90%)] of the isolates produce ESBLs. The most common ESBL genes (TEM, SHV, and CTX-M) were investigated in isolates. The results show that the SHV gene had the highest prevalence among ESBL genes [n = 34 (68%)], followed by the CTX-M gene [n = 33 (66%)]. while none of the isolates possessed the TEM gene. The virulence factor type 3 fimbriae (MrKD) gene and biofilm (BssS) gene were revealed. The results found that the isolates contain the MrKD gene at [n = 41 (82%)]. At the same time, the results found that the isolates contained the BssS gene at [n =36 (72%)]. The prevalence of Virulence genes within ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates shows that only [n = 3 (6%)] of isolates that are non-ESBL producers carry one or both virulence genes, while [n=41 (82%)] of ESBL-producing isolates contain one or both virulence genes. The prevalence of ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in community patients was high in this research. There may also be a correlation between ESBL production and some virulence factors.
Keywords. Klebsiella pneumoniae; Antibiotic Resistance; Virulence Gene; ESBL; Urinary Tract Infection; CTX-M.
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14
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Di Carlo P, Serra N, Lo Sauro S, Carelli VM, Giarratana M, Signorello JC, Lucchesi A, Manta G, Napolitano MS, Rea T, Cascio A, Sergi CM, Giammanco A, Fasciana T. Epidemiology and Pattern of Resistance of Gram-Negative Bacteria Isolated from Blood Samples in Hospitalized Patients: A Single Center Retrospective Analysis from Southern Italy. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:1402. [PMID: 34827340 PMCID: PMC8614669 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10111402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood culturing remains the mainstream tool to inform an appropriate treatment in hospital-acquired bloodstream infections and to diagnose any bacteremia. METHODS A retrospective investigation on the prevalence of Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) and their resistance in hospitalized patients by age, sex, and units from blood cultures (BCs) was conducted from January 2018 to April 2020 at Sant'Elia hospital, Caltanissetta, southern Italy. We divided the patient age range into four equal intervals. RESULTS Multivariate demographic and microbiological variables did not show an association between bacteria distributions and gender and age. The distribution by units showed a higher prevalence of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii in the intensive care unit (ICU) and Escherichia coli in the non-intensive care units (non-ICUs). The analysis of antibiotic resistance showed that E. coli was susceptible to a large class of antibiotics such as carbapenem and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. K. pneumoniae showed a significant susceptibility to colistin, tigecycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. From the survival analysis, patients with E. coli had a higher survival rate. CONCLUSIONS The authors stress the importance of the implementation of large community-level programs to prevent E. coli bacteremia. K. pneumoniae and E. coli susceptibility patterns to antibiotics, including in the prescription patterns of general practitioners, suggest that the local surveillance and implementation of educational programs remain essential measures to slow down the spread of resistance and, consequently, increase the antibiotic lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Di Carlo
- Department of Health Promotion, Maternal-Childhood, Internal Medicine of Excellence G. D’Alessandro, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (P.D.C.); (M.S.N.); (A.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Nicola Serra
- Department of Public Health, University Federico II of Naples, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (N.S.); (T.R.)
| | | | | | - Maurizio Giarratana
- Microbiology Unit, Sant’Elia Hospital, 93100 Caltanissetta, Italy; (V.M.C.); (M.G.)
| | - Juan Camilo Signorello
- Hypatia School of Medicine (UNIPA-Caltanissetta), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Lucchesi
- Hematology Unit, Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) IRCCS, 47014 Meldola, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Manta
- Intensive Cure Unit (ICU), Sant’Elia Hospital, 93100 Caltanissetta, Italy;
| | - Maria Santa Napolitano
- Department of Health Promotion, Maternal-Childhood, Internal Medicine of Excellence G. D’Alessandro, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (P.D.C.); (M.S.N.); (A.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Teresa Rea
- Department of Public Health, University Federico II of Naples, 80131 Napoli, Italy; (N.S.); (T.R.)
| | - Antonio Cascio
- Department of Health Promotion, Maternal-Childhood, Internal Medicine of Excellence G. D’Alessandro, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (P.D.C.); (M.S.N.); (A.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Consolato Maria Sergi
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada;
| | - Anna Giammanco
- Department of Health Promotion, Maternal-Childhood, Internal Medicine of Excellence G. D’Alessandro, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (P.D.C.); (M.S.N.); (A.C.); (A.G.)
| | - Teresa Fasciana
- Department of Health Promotion, Maternal-Childhood, Internal Medicine of Excellence G. D’Alessandro, University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy; (P.D.C.); (M.S.N.); (A.C.); (A.G.)
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15
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Scholtz V, Vaňková E, Kašparová P, Premanath R, Karunasagar I, Julák J. Non-thermal Plasma Treatment of ESKAPE Pathogens: A Review. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:737635. [PMID: 34712211 PMCID: PMC8546340 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.737635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The acronym ESKAPE refers to a group of bacteria consisting of Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter spp. They are important in human medicine as pathogens that show increasing resistance to commonly used antibiotics; thus, the search for new effective bactericidal agents is still topical. One of the possible alternatives is the use of non-thermal plasma (NTP), a partially ionized gas with the energy stored particularly in the free electrons, which has antimicrobial and anti-biofilm effects. Its mechanism of action includes the formation of pores in the bacterial membranes; therefore, resistance toward it is not developed. This paper focuses on the current overview of literature describing the use of NTP as a new promising tool against ESKAPE bacteria, both in planktonic and biofilm forms. Thus, it points to the fact that NTP treatment can be used for the decontamination of different types of liquids, medical materials, and devices or even surfaces used in various industries. In summary, the use of diverse experimental setups leads to very different efficiencies in inactivation. However, Gram-positive bacteria appear less susceptible compared to Gram-negative ones, in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimír Scholtz
- Department of Physics and Measurements, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czechia
| | - Eva Vaňková
- Department of Physics and Measurements, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czechia.,Department of Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czechia
| | - Petra Kašparová
- Department of Physics and Measurements, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czechia
| | - Ramya Premanath
- Nitte University, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Mangalore, India
| | - Iddya Karunasagar
- Nitte University, Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research, Mangalore, India
| | - Jaroslav Julák
- Department of Physics and Measurements, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czechia.,Institute of Immunology and Microbiology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czechia
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16
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Roscetto E, Bellavita R, Paolillo R, Merlino F, Molfetta N, Grieco P, Buommino E, Catania MR. Antimicrobial Activity of a Lipidated Temporin L Analogue against Carbapenemase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Clinical Isolates. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10111312. [PMID: 34827250 PMCID: PMC8614721 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10111312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the years, the increasing acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes has led to the emergence of highly resistant bacterial strains and the loss of standard antibiotics' efficacy, including β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations and the last line carbapenems. Klebsiella pneumoniae is considered one of the major exponents of a group of multidrug-resistant ESKAPE pathogens responsible for serious healthcare-associated infections. In this study, we proved the antimicrobial activity of two analogues of Temporin L against twenty carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae clinical isolates. According to the antibiotic susceptibility assay, all the K. pneumoniae strains were resistant to at least one other class of antibiotics, in addition to beta-lactams. Peptides 1B and C showed activity on all test strains, but the lipidated analogue C expressed the greater antimicrobial properties, with MIC values ranging from 6.25 to 25 µM. Furthermore, the peptide C showed bactericidal activity at MIC values. The results clearly highlight the great potential of antimicrobial peptides both as a new treatment option for difficult-to-treat infections and as a new strategy of drug-resistance control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuela Roscetto
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (E.R.); (R.P.)
| | - Rosa Bellavita
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.B.); (F.M.); (N.M.); (P.G.); (E.B.)
| | - Rossella Paolillo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (E.R.); (R.P.)
| | - Francesco Merlino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.B.); (F.M.); (N.M.); (P.G.); (E.B.)
| | - Nicola Molfetta
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.B.); (F.M.); (N.M.); (P.G.); (E.B.)
| | - Paolo Grieco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.B.); (F.M.); (N.M.); (P.G.); (E.B.)
| | - Elisabetta Buommino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, Via Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (R.B.); (F.M.); (N.M.); (P.G.); (E.B.)
| | - Maria Rosaria Catania
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Via S. Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (E.R.); (R.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-7464577
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17
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Antimicrobial activity and mode of action of 1,8-cineol against carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20824. [PMID: 34675255 PMCID: PMC8531306 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00249-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance remains one of the most challenging issues that threatens the health of people around the world. Plant-derived natural compounds have received considerable attention for their potential role to mitigate antibiotic resistance. This study was carried out to assess the antimicrobial activity and mode of action of a monoterpene, 1,8-cineol (CN) against carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (KPC-KP). Results showed that resazurin microplate assay and time-kill analysis revealed bactericidal effects of CN at 28.83 mg/mL. Zeta potential showed that CN increased the surface charge of bacteria and an increase of outer membrane permeability was also detected. CN was able to cause leakage of proteins and nucleic acids in KPC-KP cells upon exposure to CN and ethidium bromide influx/efflux experiment showed the uptake of ethidium bromide into the cell; this was attributed to membrane damage. CN was also found to induce oxidative stress in CN-treated KPC-KP cells through generation of reactive oxygen species which initiated lipid peroxidation and thus damaging the bacterial cell membrane. Scanning and transmission electron microscopies further confirmed the disruption of bacterial cell membrane and loss of intracellular materials. In this study, we demonstrated that CN induced oxidative stress and membrane damage resulting in KPC-KP cell death.
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18
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Luo Z, Geng S, Lu B, Han G, Wang Y, Luo Y, Yang Z, Cao S, Yao X. Isolation, Genomic Analysis, and Preliminary Application of a Bovine Klebsiella pneumoniae Bacteriophage vB_Kpn_B01. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:622049. [PMID: 34540928 PMCID: PMC8446446 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.622049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is an important pathogen that can infect both humans and cattle. The widespread K. pneumoniae and its high drug resistance make it difficult to treat Klebsiella infections/diseases. In this study, a lytic K. pneumoniae bacteriophage vB_Kpn_B01 was isolated from a dairy farm trough in Sichuan Province, and its biological properties were studied, and the entire genome of vB_Kpn_B01 was sequenced. The therapeutic effects of the phage on disease-causing mice were preliminarily tested. Phages found in this study are double-stranded DNA bacterial viruses belonging to the family Siphoviridae, Sugarlandvirus. The results suggest that vB_Kpn_B01 has strong specificity and low adaptability to different adverse conditions. Meanwhile, the predicted gene products of phage vB_Kpn_B01 comprised 149 coding sequences (CDS) and 25 tRNAs, of which 34 CDS had known functions. Of course, vB_Kpn_B01 did not contain any known antibiotic-resistant or virulent genes. The pathological sections of the liver and lungs of mice showed that the inflammatory scores of the treatment group were lower than in the bacterial group. Phage vB_Kpn_B01 alleviated the inflammatory response in the organs of the infected mice, and the organ tissue bacterial load of the treatment group was significantly lower than that of the bacterial group. Therefore, vB_Kpn_B01 can inhibit the proliferation of K. pneumoniae 18 in vivo and can alleviate the inflammation of target organs caused by infectious bacteria, which preliminarily indicates that vB_Kpn_B01 has a certain therapeutic effect on laboratory-infected mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zidan Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shangjingchao Geng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Biao Lu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangli Han
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Luo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Zexiao Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Suizhong Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Xueping Yao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
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19
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Latifi B, Tajbakhsh S, Ahadi L, Yousefi F. Coexistence of aminoglycoside resistance genes in CTX-M-producing isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae in Bushehr province, Iran. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MICROBIOLOGY 2021; 13:161-170. [PMID: 34540150 PMCID: PMC8408026 DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v13i2.5975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Increasing the rate of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae has given rise to a major healthcare issue in clinical settings over the past few years. Treatment of these strains is hardly effective since the plasmid encoding ESBL may also carry other resistance genes including aminoglycosides. The current study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae and investigate the coexistence of Cefoxitamase-Munich (blaCTX-M) with aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme (AME) genes, aac(3)IIa as well as aac(6′)Ib, in CTX-M-producing K. pneumoniae isolated from patients in Bushehr province, Iran. Materials and Methods: A total of 212 K. pneumoniae isolates were collected and confirmed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the malate dehydrogenase gene. Isolates were screened for production of ESBL. Phenotypic confirmatory test was performed using combined disk test. The genes encoding CTX-M groups and AME genes, aac(3)IIa and aac(6′)Ib, were investigated by PCR. Results: The ESBL phenotype was detected in 56 (26.4%) K. pneumoniae isolates. Moreover, 83.9% of ESBL-producing isolates carried the genes for CTX-M type β-lactamases, which were distributed into the two genetic groups of CTX-M-1 (97.8%)- and CTX-M-2 (2.1%)-related enzymes. Notably, among K. pneumoniae isolates containing the blaCTX-M gene, 68.08% of isolates harbored AME genes. In addition, the coexistence of blaCTX-M with aac(3)-IIa and aac(6′)-Ib was observed in 46.8% of CTX-M-producing K. pneumoniae isolates. Conclusion: This study provides evidence of a high prevalence of AME genes in CTX-M-producing K. pneumoniae isolates; therefore, in the initial empirical treatment of infections caused by ESBL-KP in regions with such antibiotic resistance patterns, aminoglycoside combination therapy should be undertaken carefully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behrouz Latifi
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Saeed Tajbakhsh
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.,The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Leila Ahadi
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Forough Yousefi
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.,The Persian Gulf Marine Biotechnology Research Center, The Persian Gulf Biomedical Sciences Research Institute, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
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Miftode IL, Nastase EV, Miftode RȘ, Miftode EG, Iancu LS, Luncă C, Anton Păduraru DT, Costache II, Stafie CS, Dorneanu OS. Insights into multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae urinary tract infections: From susceptibility to mortality. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1086. [PMID: 34447478 PMCID: PMC8355719 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of urinary tract infections (UTIs) caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae has exhibited an increasing trend and has become a high burden for many public health systems, especially in hospital settings. Multidrug resistance associated with the production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) among K. pneumoniae isolates is endemic in Southeastern Europe. We retrospectively analyzed 75 cases admitted to ‘St. Parascheva’ Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases in Iasi, Romania, during the first 6 months of 2019 (January 1 to June 30), who had a confirmed diagnosis of K. pneumoniae UTI at discharge. From a total of 75 patients, 34 (45.3%) presented ESBL+K. pneumoniae. The mean age was 66 years (70.1 for the ESBL+ patients vs. 62.6 for the ESBL- patients, P=0.0365). There was a symmetrical sex distribution (37 men vs. 38 women). Of these, 22 men had ESBL+K. pneumoniae UTIs, compared to only 15 with an ESBL- strain, P=0.0087. Another risk factor for ESBL+K. pneumoniae UTIs was the presence of hospitalization in the past 6 months; 20 (58.82%) patients with ESBL+ infections were previously hospitalized, compared to only 5 (12.19%) patients with ESBL- strains, P<0.0001. The urinary catheter carriers presented an increased prevalence of ESBL+ infections (15/34 vs. 5/41, P=0.0012). Regarding mortality, ESBL+ infections caused 6 fatalities, compared to only 1 death in the ESBL- group, P=0.0166. ESBL+K. pneumoniae strains represent an important cause of healthcare-related UTIs, with a significantly higher mortality rate compared to ESBL- strains. Early identification and adequate management of the risk factors incriminated in ESBL+ UTIs should be a priority for physicians in order to limit the dissemination of the ESBL-producing strains and thus to improve the outcome of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ionela-Larisa Miftode
- Department of Infectious Diseases (Internal Medicine II), Faculty of Medicine, 'Gr. T. Popa' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Eduard Vasile Nastase
- Department of Infectious Diseases (Internal Medicine II), Faculty of Medicine, 'Gr. T. Popa' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Radu-Ștefan Miftode
- Department of Cardiology (Internal Medicine I), Faculty of Medicine, 'Gr. T. Popa' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Egidia Gabriela Miftode
- Department of Infectious Diseases (Internal Medicine II), Faculty of Medicine, 'Gr. T. Popa' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Luminița Smaranda Iancu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity, Faculty of Medicine, 'Gr. T. Popa' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Cătălina Luncă
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity, Faculty of Medicine, 'Gr. T. Popa' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Dana-Teodora Anton Păduraru
- Department of Mother and Child Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, 'Gr. T. Popa' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Irina-Iuliana Costache
- Department of Cardiology (Internal Medicine I), Faculty of Medicine, 'Gr. T. Popa' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Celina-Silvia Stafie
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity, Faculty of Medicine, 'Gr. T. Popa' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Olivia-Simona Dorneanu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity, Faculty of Medicine, 'Gr. T. Popa' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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21
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Mbyemeire H, Ssekatawa K, Kato CD, Wampande EM. Molecular characterization and distribution of cephalosporin resistance determinants in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from patients attending Kampala International University Teaching Hospital in Bushenyi, Western Uganda. ALEXANDRIA JOURNAL OF MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/20905068.2021.1952821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Herbert Mbyemeire
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University-Western, Bushenyi, Uganda
- African Center of Excellence in Materials Product Development and Nanotechnology (MAPRONANO ACE, College of Engineering Design Art and Technology Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda, Africa
| | - Kenneth Ssekatawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University-Western, Bushenyi, Uganda
- African Center of Excellence in Materials Product Development and Nanotechnology (MAPRONANO ACE, College of Engineering Design Art and Technology Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda, Africa
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Charles D. Kato
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University-Western Campus, Bushenyi, Uganda
| | - Eddie M. Wampande
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
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Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistance of Klebsiella Strains Isolated from a County Hospital in Romania. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10070868. [PMID: 34356789 PMCID: PMC8300768 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10070868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The study evaluated the evolution of the incidence of infections with Klebsiella in the County Clinical Emergency Hospital of Craiova (SCJUC), Romania. Also, we monitored antibiotic resistance over more than two years and detected changes in resistance to various antimicrobial agents. Our study included 2062 patients (823 women and 1239 men) hospitalised in SCJUC during the period 1st of September 2017 to 30 June 2019. In 458 patients (22.21%) from the 2062 total patients, the collected samples (1116) were positive and from those, we isolated 251 strains of Klebsiella spp. We conducted a longitudinal analysis of the prevalence of Klebsiella spp. over calendar months, which showed a prevalence in surgical wards that ranged between 5.25% and 19.49% in June 2018, while in medical wards the variation was much wider, between 5.15% and 17.36% in April 2018. Klebsiella spp. strains showed significant resistance to Amoxicillin/Clavulanate, Aztreonam and Cephalosporins such as Ceftriaxone, Ceftazidime and Cefepime. We examined the possible link with the consumption of antibiotics in the same month by performing a multiple linear regression analysis. The evolution of antibiotic resistance in Klebsiella was correlated with the variation of resistance in other bacteria, which suggests common resistance mechanisms in the hospital environment. By performing the regression for dependency between antibiotic resistance and antibiotic consumption, we observed some correlations between antibiotic consumption and the development of antibiotic resistance after 1, 2 and even 3 months (e.g., resistance to meropenem was influenced by the consumption in the hospital ward of imipenem 1 month and two months before, but only 1 month before by the consumption of meropenem). The clustering of strains showed filiation between multiresistant Klebsiella spp. strains isolated from specific patients from the ICU. The evolution of prevalence and antibiotic resistance in Klebsiella correlated with the resistance in other bacteria, which suggest common resistance mechanisms in the hospital environment, and also with the consumption of antibiotics.
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Genome-Wide Identification and Analysis of Chromosomally Integrated Putative Prophages Associated with Clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae Strains. Curr Microbiol 2021; 78:2015-2024. [PMID: 33813641 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-021-02472-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae, an opportunistic pathogen found in the environment and human mucosal surfaces, is a leading cause of nosocomial infections. K. pneumoniae is now considered a global threat owing to the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains making its infections untreatable. In this study, 254 strains of K. pneumoniae were screened for the presence of prophages using the PHASTER tool. Very few strains lacked prophages (3.1%), while the remaining harboured both intact (811) and defective prophages (709). A subset of 42 unique strains of K. pneumoniae was chosen for further analysis. Our analysis revealed the presence of 110 complete prophages which were further classified as belonging to Myoviridae (67.3%), Siphoviridae (28.2%) and Podoviridae family (4.5%). An alignment of the 110 complete, prophage genome sequences clustered the prophages into 16 groups and 3 singletons. While none of the prophages encoded for virulence factors, 2 (1.8%) prophages were seen to encode for the antibiotic resistance-related genes. The CRISPR-Cas system was prevalent in 10 (23.8%) out of the 42 strains. Further analysis of the CRISPR spacers revealed 11.42% of the total spacers integrated in K. pneumoniae chromosome to match prophage protein sequences.
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El Shamy AA, Zakaria Z, Tolba MM, Salah Eldin N, Rabea AT, Tawfick MM, Nasser HA. AmpC β-Lactamase Variable Expression in Common Multidrug-Resistant Nosocomial Bacterial Pathogens from a Tertiary Hospital in Cairo, Egypt. Int J Microbiol 2021; 2021:6633888. [PMID: 33854549 PMCID: PMC8021464 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6633888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of AmpC (pAmpC) β-lactamases conferring resistance to the third-generation cephalosporins has become a major clinical concern worldwide. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the expression of AmpC β-lactamase encoding gene among the pathogenic Gram-positive and Gram-negative resistant bacteria screened from clinical samples of Egyptian patients enrolled into El-Qasr El-Ainy Tertiary Hospital in Cairo, Egypt. A total of 153 bacterial isolates of the species Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterococcus faecium were isolated from patients diagnosed with urinary tract infection (UTI), respiratory tract infection (RTI), and wound infections. The total number of E. faecium isolates was 53, comprising 29 urine isolates, 5 sputum isolates, and 19 wound swab isolates, whereas the total number of P. aeruginosa isolates was 49, comprising 27 urine isolates, 7 sputum isolates, and 15 wound swab isolates, and that of the K. pneumoniae isolates was 51, comprising 20 urine isolates, 25 sputum isolates, and 6 wound swab isolates. Our results indicated that there is no significant difference in the expression of AmpC β-lactamase gene among the tested bacterial species with respect to the type of infection and/or clinical specimen. However, the expression patterns of AmpC β-lactamase gene markedly differed according to the antibacterial resistance characteristics of the tested isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliaa Ali El Shamy
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Zainab Zakaria
- Biomedical Research Lab, Research and Development Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M. Tolba
- Pharmaceutical Division, Ministry of Health and Population, Faiyum, Egypt
| | - Nermeen Salah Eldin
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Al-Taher Rabea
- Biomedical Research Lab, Research and Development Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud M. Tawfick
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo, Egypt
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hebatallah A. Nasser
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo, Egypt
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Ssekatawa K, Byarugaba DK, Nakavuma JL, Kato CD, Ejobi F, Tweyongyere R, Eddie WM. Prevalence of pathogenic Klebsiella pneumoniae based on PCR capsular typing harbouring carbapenemases encoding genes in Uganda tertiary hospitals. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2021; 10:57. [PMID: 33736698 PMCID: PMC7977577 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-021-00923-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen that has been implicated as one of commonest cause of hospital and community acquired infections. The K. pneumoniae infections have considerably contributed to morbidity and mortality in patients with protracted ailments. The capacity of K. pneumoniae to cause diseases depends on the presence of an array virulence factors. Coexistence and expression of virulence factors and genetic determinants of antibiotic resistance complicates treatment outcomes. Thus, emergence of pathogenic MDR K. pneumoniae poses a great threat to the healthcare system. However, the carriage of antibiotic resistance among pathogenic K. pneumoniae is yet to be investigated in Uganda. We sought to investigate the carbapenem resistance profiles and pathogenic potential based on capsular serotypes of K. pneumoniae clinical isolates. METHODS This was a cross sectional study involving use of archived Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates collected between January and December, 2019 at four tertiary hospitals in Uganda. All isolates were subject to antimicrobial susceptibility assays to determine phenotypic antibiotic resistance, pentaplex PCR to detect carbapenemases encoding genes and heptaplex PCR to identify capsular serotypes K1, K2, K3, K5, K20, K54 and K57. RESULTS The study found an overall phenotypic carbapenem resistance of 23.3% (53/227) and significantly higher genotypic resistance prevalence of 43.1% (98/227). Over all, the most prevalent gene was blaOXA-48-like (36.4%), followed by blaIMP-type (19.4%), blaVIM-type (17.1%), blaKPC-type (14.0%) and blaNDM-type (13.2%). blaVIM-type and blaOXA-48-like conferred phenotypic resistance in all isolates and 38.3% of isolates that harbored them respectively. Capsular multiplex PCR revealed that 46.7% (106/227) isolates were pathogenic and the predominantly prevalent pathotype was K5 (18.5%) followed by K20 (15.1%), K3 (7.1%), K2 (3.1%) and K1 (2.2%). Of the 106 capsular serotypes, 37 expressed phenotypic resistance; thus, 37 of the 53 carbapenem resistant K. pneumoniae were pathogenic. CONCLUSION The high prevalence of virulent and antibiotic resistant K. pneumoniae among clinical isolates obtained from the four tertiary hospital as revealed by this study pose a great threat to healthcare. Our findings underline the epidemiological and public health risks and implications of this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Ssekatawa
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Kampala International University-Western Campus, P. O. Box 71, Bushenyi, Uganda
- Africa Center Excellence in Materials Product Development and Nanotechnology (MAPRONANO ACE), College of Engineering Design Art and Technology, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Denis K. Byarugaba
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Jesca L. Nakavuma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Charles D. Kato
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Francis Ejobi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Robert Tweyongyere
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Wampande M. Eddie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P. O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
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Sundaramoorthy NS, Thothathri S, Bhaskaran M, GaneshPrasad A, Nagarajan S. Phages from Ganges River curtail in vitro biofilms and planktonic growth of drug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in a zebrafish infection model. AMB Express 2021; 11:27. [PMID: 33587215 PMCID: PMC7884498 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-021-01181-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages are a promising alternative for curtailing infections caused by multi drug resistant (MDR) bacteria. The objective of the present study is to evaluate phage populations from water bodies to inhibit planktonic and biofilm mode of growth of drug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in vitro and curtail planktonic growth in vivo in a zebrafish model. Phage specific to K. pneumoniae (MTCC 432) was isolated from Ganges River (designated as KpG). One-step growth curve, in vitro time kill curve study and in vivo infection model were performed to evaluate the ability of phage to curtail planktonic growth. Crystal violet assay and colony biofilm assay were performed to determine the action of phages on biofilms. KpG phages had a greater burst size, better bactericidal potential and enhanced inhibitory effect against biofilms formed at liquid air and solid air interfaces. In vitro time kill assay showed a 3 log decline and a 6 log decline in K. pneumoniae colony counts, when phages were administered individually and in combination with streptomycin, respectively. In vivo injection of KpG phages revealed that it did not pose any toxicity to zebrafish as evidenced by liver/brain enzyme profiles and by histopathological analysis. The muscle tissue of zebrafish, infected with K. pneumoniae and treated with KpG phages alone and in combination with streptomycin showed a significant 77.7% and 97.2% decline in CFU/ml, respectively, relative to untreated control. Our study reveals that KpG phages has the potential to curtail plantonic and biofilm mode of growth in higher animal models.
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Getanda P, Bojang A, Camara B, Jagne-Cox I, Usuf E, Howden BP, D'Alessandro U, Bottomley C, Roca A. Short-term increase in the carriage of azithromycin-resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in mothers and their newborns following intra-partum azithromycin: a post hoc analysis of a double-blind randomized trial. JAC Antimicrob Resist 2021; 3:dlaa128. [PMID: 34223077 PMCID: PMC8210243 DOI: 10.1093/jacamr/dlaa128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the impact of one oral dose of intrapartum azithromycin (2 g) on the carriage and antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in the nasopharynx, breast milk and vaginal swabs of mothers and K. pneumoniae in the nasopharynx of their newborns. Methods We performed a post hoc analysis of a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized-trial (ratio 1:1) conducted in The Gambia. Breast milk (BM) and vaginal swabs (VS) from mothers and nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) from mother-newborn pairs were collected at different timepoints during the 4 week follow-up. Samples were processed using standard microbiological procedures. For BM and NPS post-intervention results were combined for analysis. Results In the original trial 829 mothers were randomized. In this analysis, complete sample sets were available for 630 mothers for E. coli analysis (76.0%) and 564 mother-newborn pairs for K. pneumoniae analysis (68.0%). For E. coli, carriage prevalence in BM and VS was similar in both arms but resistance was higher in the azithromycin arm in VS (2.6% versus 0%, P = 0.004). For K. pneumoniae, carriage prevalence was higher in the azithromycin arm for BM (13.8% versus 8.7%, P = 0.055) but not for VS or NPS. Prevalence of azithromycin resistant K. pneumoniae was higher in the azithromycin arm for BM (3.6% versus 1.0%, P = 0.050) and VS (1.5% versus 0% P = 0.057). Conclusions Oral intrapartum azithromycin did not reduce carriage of E. coli and K. pneumoniae and was associated with an increase in the prevalence of azithromycin-resistant E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates in BM and VS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Getanda
- Disease Control and Elimination Theme, Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Abdoulie Bojang
- Disease Control and Elimination Theme, Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Bully Camara
- Disease Control and Elimination Theme, Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Isatou Jagne-Cox
- Disease Control and Elimination Theme, Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Effua Usuf
- Disease Control and Elimination Theme, Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Benjamin P Howden
- Microbiological Diagnostic Unit Public Health Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Victoria, Australia
| | - Umberto D'Alessandro
- Disease Control and Elimination Theme, Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
| | - Christian Bottomley
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Anna Roca
- Disease Control and Elimination Theme, Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Fajara, The Gambia
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Haran JP, McCormick BA. Aging, Frailty, and the Microbiome-How Dysbiosis Influences Human Aging and Disease. Gastroenterology 2021; 160:507-523. [PMID: 33307030 PMCID: PMC7856216 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2020.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The human gut microbiome is a collection of bacteria, protozoa, fungi, and viruses that coexist in our bodies and are essential in protective, metabolic, and physiologic functions of human health. Gut dysbiosis has traditionally been linked to increased risk of infection, but imbalances within the intestinal microbial community structure that correlate with untoward inflammatory responses are increasingly recognized as being involved in disease processes that affect many organ systems in the body. Furthermore, it is becoming more apparent that the connection between gut dysbiosis and age-related diseases may lie in how the gut microbiome communicates with both the intestinal mucosa and the systemic immune system, given that these networks have a common interconnection to frailty. We therefore discuss recent advances in our understanding of the important role the microbiome plays in aging and how this knowledge opens the door for potential novel therapeutics aimed at shaping a less dysbiotic microbiome to prevent or treat age-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Haran
- Department of Emergency Medicine; Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems; Center for Microbiome Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts.
| | - Beth A McCormick
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems; Center for Microbiome Research, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
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Ahmed HA, Awad NFS, Abd El-Hamid MI, Shaker A, Mohamed RE, Elsohaby I. Pet birds as potential reservoirs of virulent and antibiotic resistant zoonotic bacteria. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 75:101606. [PMID: 33373939 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2020.101606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial pathogens carried by pet birds are considered a risk for birds, workers, and pet owners. This study investigated the potential of pet birds as reservoirs for virulent multidrug-resistant (MDR) zoonotic bacteria and assessed the genetic relatedness and diversity of bacterial isolates from pet birds and human contacts. Cloacal and tracheal swabs from 125 pet birds and 70 hand swabs from human contacts were collected. The results revealed that the pet birds were reservoirs for Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae (17.6 %, each), and Staphylococcus aureus (15.2 %). These isolates were also identified in their human contacts, at percentages of 14.3 %, 12.9 %, and 24.3 %, respectively. Virulence associated genes were identified from E. coli (stx2, stx2f, eaeA, and hlyA), K. pneumoniae (fimH, TraT, and magA), and S. aureus (PVL, hly, sea, sed genes) isolates. Multidrug-resistant E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and S. aureus were highly prevalent (81.3 %, 90.3 %, and 61.1 %, respectively). The genetic relationship between the E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates from the pet birds and human contacts were determined by ERIC-PCR, while, RAPD-PCR was used for the S. aureus isolates. ERIC-PCR was found to have the highest discriminatory power. The clustering of the isolates from the pet birds and human contacts indicated potential transmission between the birds and workers. In conclusion, pet birds could act as potential reservoirs for zoonotic bacterial pathogens; thus, posing a risk to their human contacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba A Ahmed
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig City 44511, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt.
| | - Naglaa F S Awad
- Department of Avian and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig City 44511, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt
| | - Marwa I Abd El-Hamid
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig City, 44511, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Shaker
- Veterinary Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sadat City, Egypt
| | - Rehab E Mohamed
- Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig City 44511, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim Elsohaby
- Department of Animal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig City 44511, Sharkia Governorate, Egypt; Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, C1A 4P3, Canada
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Genome Sequence of Klebsiella pneumoniae YBQ, a Clinical Strain Isolated from the Sputum of a Patient with Severe Pneumonia. Microbiol Resour Announc 2020; 9:9/47/e01223-20. [PMID: 33214313 PMCID: PMC7679106 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01223-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We report here the genome of Klebsiella pneumoniae YBQ, a clinical strain isolated from the sputum of a patient with acute Klebsiella pneumoniae infection. The genome consists of a 5,119,471-bp circular chromosome and a 184,347-bp plasmid. Genome annotation predicted 5,028 coding DNA sequences (CDSs), 84 tRNAs, 25 rRNAs, and 47 small RNAs (sRNAs).
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Osaili TM, Obaid RS, Alowais K, Almahmood R, Almansoori M, Alayadhi N, Alowais N, Waheed K, Dhanasekaran DK, Al-Nabulsi AA, Ayyash M, Forsythe SJ. Microbiological quality of kitchens sponges used in university student dormitories. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1322. [PMID: 32867725 PMCID: PMC7460773 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09452-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Kitchen sponges are a major source of cross-contamination as they can transfer foodborne pathogens, infectious agents and spoilage causing microorganisms to food contact surfaces. Several studies have revealed that university students adopt poor practices regarding food safety, hygiene, and the handling of kitchen cleaning equipment. Methods A total of fifty kitchen sponges were collected along with a questionnaire addressing social demographics and kitchen sponge usage by students living at the University of Sharjah dormitories. The effect of storage (3 and 10 days) on the microbial population of kitchen sponges at room temperature (21 °C) was assessed. Enterobacteriaceae isolated from sponges were identified and their antibiotic resistance determined. Results Student responses revealed that kitchen sponges used to clean food contact surfaces were also used to clean the oven (32%), sink (26%), refrigerator (10%), and to clean spills on the floor (4%). Kitchen sponges contained high counts of mesophilic aerobic bacteria (7.9 log10/cm3), coliform (7.2 log10/cm3), Enterobacteriaceae (7.3 log10/cm3) and yeasts and molds (7.0 log10/cm3). After storage of the sponges at room temperature (21 °C) for 3 and 10 days, the number of mesophilic aerobic bacteria, coliform, Enterobacteriaceae and yeasts and molds decreased by 0.4 and 1.3 log10/cm3, 0.7 and 1.4 log10/cm3, 0.4 and 1.1 log10/cm3, and 0.6 and 1.3 log10/cm3, respectively. The most frequently isolated Enterobacteriaceae were Enterobacter cloacae (56%) and Klebsiella oxytoca (16%). All E. cloacae isolates were resistant to amoxicillin, cefalotin, cefoxitin and cefuroxime axetil. Conclusions This study showed that students living in dormitories lacked good hygienic practices and were at increased risk of food poisoning. Kitchen sponges were highly contaminated with potentially pathogenic bacteria which could be transferred from the general kitchen environment to food contact surfaces and consequently lead to food contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tareq M Osaili
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P. O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. .,Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P. O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates. .,Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan.
| | - Reyad S Obaid
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P. O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P. O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Klaithem Alowais
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P. O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rawan Almahmood
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P. O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Moza Almansoori
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P. O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Noora Alayadhi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P. O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Najla Alowais
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P. O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Klaithem Waheed
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P. O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dinesh Kumar Dhanasekaran
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P. O. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Anas A Al-Nabulsi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Jordan University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 3030, Irbid, 22110, Jordan
| | - Mutamed Ayyash
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Health, College of Food and Agriculture, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Sheam MM, Syed SB, Nain Z, Tang SS, Paul DK, Ahmed KR, Biswas SK. Community-acquired pneumonia: aetiology, antibiotic resistance and prospects of phage therapy. J Chemother 2020; 32:395-410. [PMID: 32820711 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2020.1807231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria are the most common aetiological agents of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and use a variety of mechanisms to evade the host immune system. With the emerging antibiotic resistance, CAP-causing bacteria have now become resistant to most antibiotics. Consequently, significant morbimortality is attributed to CAP despite their varying rates depending on the clinical setting in which the patients being treated. Therefore, there is a pressing need for a safe and effective alternative or supplement to conventional antibiotics. Bacteriophages could be a ray of hope as they are specific in killing their host bacteria. Several bacteriophages had been identified that can efficiently parasitize bacteria related to CAP infection and have shown a promising protective effect. Thus, bacteriophages have shown immense possibilities against CAP inflicted by multidrug-resistant bacteria. This review provides an overview of common antibiotic-resistant CAP bacteria with a comprehensive summarization of the promising bacteriophage candidates for prospective phage therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Moinuddin Sheam
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
| | - Shifath Bin Syed
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
| | - Zulkar Nain
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh.,Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences and Engineering, East West University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Swee-Seong Tang
- Division of Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Dipak Kumar Paul
- Department of Applied Nutrition and Food Technology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh.,Central Laboratory, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
| | - Kazi Rejvee Ahmed
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
| | - Sudhangshu Kumar Biswas
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh.,Central Laboratory, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
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Uddin R, Siraj B, Rafi S, Azam SS, Wadood A. Structure-based Virtual Screening Approach for the Discovery of Potent Inhibitors of Aminoglycoside 6'-N-Acetyltransferase Type Ib [AAC(6')-Ib] against K. pneumoniae Infections. LETT DRUG DES DISCOV 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1570180817666200108095912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferase type Ib (AAC(6')-Ib) from
Klebsiella pneumoniae is an established drug target and has conferred insensitivity to
aminoglycosides. Aminoglycosides are often inactivated by aminoglycoside modifying enzymes
encoded by genes present in the chromosome, plasmids, and other genetic elements. The AAC(6′)-
Ib is an enzyme of clinical importance found in a wide variety of gram-negative pathogens. The
AAC(6′)-Ib enzyme is of interest not only because of its ubiquity but also because of other
characteristics e.g., it presents significant microheterogeneity at the N-termini and the aac(6′)-Ib
gene is often present in integrons, transposons, plasmids, genomic islands, and other genetic
structures. The majority of the reported potent inhibitors against the target are substrate analogs.
Therefore, there is a need to develop or discover new scaffolds other than substrate analogs as
AAC(6')-Ib inhibitor.
Objective:
The objective of this study is to set optimum parameters for the structure-based virtual
screening by multiple docking and scoring methods. The multiple scoring of each ligand also
incorporates the ‘Induced Fit’ docking effect that helps to build further confidence in the shortlisted
compounds. The method eventually is able to predict the potential inhibitors that bind to the active
site and can potentially inhibit the activity of the Aminoglycoside 6′-N-acetyltransferase type Ib
[AAC(6’)-Ib] from Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Methods:
Using the available three-dimensional structure of enzyme AAC(6')-Ib inhibitor complex,
a structure-based virtual screening was performed with the hope of prioritizing the promising leads.
In order to set up the protocol, 30,000 drug-like molecules were selected from the ChemBridge
library. Multiple docking programs, i.e. UCSF DOCK6 and AutoDock Vina have been applied in
the current study so that a consensus is developed to the predicted binding modes and thus the
docking accuracy. The Amber scores of the Dock6 – a secondary scoring function was also used to
perform the ‘Induced Fit’ effect and correspondingly re-rank the compounds.
Results:
The top 30 ranked compounds of the most frequent scored were selected from the
histogram. The 2D interactions of those 30 compounds were drawn from the Ligplot+ tool. Six of
the compounds were prioritized as potential inhibitors as they are representing the maximum
number of interactions from the rest of the compounds and also possess the drug-likeness as
predicted by the estimated ADMET properties.
Conclusion:
This study provided useful insight that the proposed compounds have the potential to
bind to the aminoglycoside binding site of AAC(6′)-Ib that may eventually inhibit the Klebsiella
pneumoniae. This study has the potential to propose putative new and novel inhibitors against a
resistant drug target of Klebsiella pneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reaz Uddin
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Siraj
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sidra Rafi
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Syed Sikander Azam
- National Centre for Bioinformatics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Wadood
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
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Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase- and Plasmid AmpC-Producing Escherichia coli Causing Community-Onset Bloodstream Infection: Association of Bacterial Clones and Virulence Genes with Septic Shock, Source of Infection, and Recurrence. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:AAC.02351-19. [PMID: 32423949 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02351-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive infections due to extended-spectrum-β-lactamase- and pAmpC-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL/pAmpC-EC) are an important cause of morbidity, often caused by the high-risk clone sequence type (ST131) and isolates classified as extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC). The relative influence of host immunocompetence versus microbiological virulence factors in the acquisition and outcome of bloodstream infections (BSI) is poorly understood. Herein, we used whole-genome sequencing on 278 blood culture isolates of ESBL/pAmpC-EC from 260 patients with community-onset BSI collected from 2012 to 2015 in Stockholm to study the association of virulence genes, sequence types, and antimicrobial resistance with severity of disease, infection source, ESBL/pAmpC-EC BSI low-risk patients, and patients with repeated episodes. ST131 subclade C2 comprised 29% of all patients. Factors associated with septic shock in multivariable analysis were patient host factors (hematologic cancer or transplantation and reduced daily living activity), presence of the E. coli virulence factor iss (increased serum survival), absence of phenotypic multidrug resistance, and absence of the genes pap and hsp Adhesins, particularly pap, were associated with urinary tract infection (UTI) source, while isolates from post-prostate biopsy sepsis had a low overall number of virulence operons, including adhesins, and commonly belonged to ST131 clades A, B, and subclade C1, ST1193, and ST648. ST131 was associated with recurrent episodes. In conclusion, the most interesting finding is the association of iss with septic shock. Adhesins are important for UTI pathogenesis, while otherwise low-pathogenic isolates from the microbiota can cause post-prostate biopsy sepsis.
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Iacchini S, Sabbatucci M, Gagliotti C, Rossolini GM, Moro ML, Iannazzo S, D'Ancona F, Pezzotti P, Pantosti A. Bloodstream infections due to carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Italy: results from nationwide surveillance, 2014 to 2017. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 24. [PMID: 30722813 PMCID: PMC6386214 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2019.24.5.1800159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Following the rapid increase of infections due to carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) in Italy, the national surveillance of bloodstream infections (BSI) due to CPE (Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli) was instituted in 2013. All CPE-BSI cases reported to the surveillance in the years 2014-17 were analysed in order to investigate incidence rate (IR), trend, main individual characteristics and enzymes involved in CPE resistance. Throughout this period, 7,632 CPE-BSI cases (IR: 3.14/100,000 inhabitants) were reported from all 21 regions and autonomous provinces in Italy, with an increasing number of reported cases (2014: 1,403; 2015: 1,838; 2016: 2,183; 2017: 2,208). CPE-BSI cases mainly occurred in subjects aged over 60 years (70.9%) and more frequently in males (62.7%) than in females. Most of the cases originated in hospitals (87.2%), mainly in intensive care units (38.0%), and were associated with central or peripheral venous catheter use (23.9%) or with urinary tract infections (21.1%). Almost all CPE-BSI (98.1%) were due to K. pneumoniae carrying the K. pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) enzyme (95.2%). These data show that carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae are endemic in our country, causing a high number of BSI and representing a threat to patient safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Iacchini
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Sabbatucci
- European Programme for Public Health Microbiology Training (EUPHEM), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Gagliotti
- Agenzia Sanitaria e Sociale Regionale - Regione Emilia-Romagna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Gian Maria Rossolini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Moro
- Agenzia Sanitaria e Sociale Regionale - Regione Emilia-Romagna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefania Iannazzo
- Ufficio V - Prevention of Communicable Diseases and International Prophylaxis, Ministry of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Fortunato D'Ancona
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizio Pezzotti
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Pantosti
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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Hamida RS, Ali MA, Goda DA, Khalil MI, Al-Zaban MI. Novel Biogenic Silver Nanoparticle-Induced Reactive Oxygen Species Inhibit the Biofilm Formation and Virulence Activities of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Strain. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:433. [PMID: 32548095 PMCID: PMC7270459 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Emerging antibiotic-resistant bacteria result in increased mortality and have negative economic impacts. It is necessary to discover new strategies to create alternative antibacterial agents that suppress the bacterial resistance mechanism and limit the spread of serious infectious bacterial diseases. Silver nanoparticles may represent a new medicinal agents as alternative antibiotics affect different bacterial mechanisms such as virulence and resistance. In addition to that of silver nitrate (AgNO3) and ampicillin, for the first time, the inhibitory effect of silver nanoparticles synthesized using Desertifilum sp. (D-SNPs) was evaluated against five pathogenic bacteria using the agar well diffusion method. Also, the influence of D-SNPs and AgNO3 on bacterial antioxidant and metabolic activities was studied. The antibacterial activity of D-SNPs and AgNO3 against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains was studied at the morphological and molecular level. D-SNPs and AgNO3 have the ability to inhibit the growth of the five bacterial strains and resulted in an imbalance in the CAT, GSH, GPx and ATPase levels. MRSA treated with D-SNPs and AgNO3 showed different morphological changes such as apoptotic bodies formation and cell wall damage. Moreover, both caused genotoxicity and denaturation of MRSA cellular proteins. Additionally, TEM micrographs showed the distribution of SNPs synthesized by MRSA. This result shows the ability of MRSA to reduce silver nitrate into silver nanoparticles. These data indicate that D-SNPs may be a significant alternative antibacterial agent against different bacteria, especially MDR bacteria, by targeting the virulence mechanism and biofilm formation, leading to bacterial death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham Samir Hamida
- Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Abdelaal Ali
- Biotechnology Unit, Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Doaa A Goda
- Bioprocess Development Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications (SRTA-City), Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Ibrahim Khalil
- Molecular Biology Unit, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.,Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mayasar Ibrahim Al-Zaban
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Richelsen R, Smit J, Anru PL, Schønheyder HC, Nielsen H. Incidence of community-onset extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae infections: an 11-year population-based study in Denmark. Infect Dis (Lond) 2020; 52:547-556. [PMID: 32401562 DOI: 10.1080/23744235.2020.1763452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Data elucidating trends of community-onset extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae infections remain sparse in low prevalence areas. We conducted a population-based study to determine the incidence, temporal trends and co-resistance of community-onset ESBL infections.Methods: We identified all recorded episodes of E. coli and K. pneumoniae bacteraemia and urinary tract infections in adult patients (>15 years) in the North Denmark Region between 2007-2017. Using population-based registries, we obtained information on demographics and place of acquisition, and investigated the standardized incidence rates and temporal trends of community-onset ESBL infections and the associated patterns of co-resistance.Results: A total of 3741 episodes of community-onset ESBL E. coli or K. pneumoniae infections were observed during the study period, with the annual standardized incidence rate increasing from 7.5 to 105 per 100,000 person-years between 2007-2017. The increase was conveyed primarily by a rise in E. coli urinary tract infections shifting from being mainly healthcare-associated to community-acquired. ESBL-producing isolates increased from 0.5 to 4.0% with considerable co-resistance.Conclusion: The proportion of E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates producing ESBL have increased considerably in the North Denmark Region. The increasing incidence and frequent co-resistance should raise awareness among physicians responsible for empirical antibiotic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus Richelsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jesper Smit
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Henrik Carl Schønheyder
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Henrik Nielsen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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38
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da Costa Loureiro L, da Costa Loureiro L, Gabriel-Junior EA, Zambuzi FA, Fontanari C, Sales-Campos H, Frantz FG, Faccioli LH, Sorgi CA. Pulmonary surfactant phosphatidylcholines induce immunological adaptation of alveolar macrophages. Mol Immunol 2020; 122:163-172. [PMID: 32361419 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary surfactant plays an important role in lung surface tension, defense against invading pathogens, and immune response. Furthermore, alveolar macrophages (AM) that comprise the front line of immune defense against inhaled microorganisms are covered by a layer of pulmonary fluid. Phosphatidylcholines (PCs), including unsaturated lipids such as 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC), are the most prevalent phospholipids in pulmonary surfactant. POPC reacts with ozone to produce 1-palmitoyl-2-(9-oxo-nonanoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (PONPC), a soluble mediator that initiates an inflammatory reaction in the lungs. However, the modulatory effects of POPC and PONPC on biology and activity of AM remain inconclusive. The exposure of AM (cell line AMJ2-C11) to POPC and PONPC was not directly related to the production of inflammatory mediators. However, AM, pre-incubated with POPC or PONPC, showed enhanced response after lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation, and increased the production of nitric oxide and cytokines. This phenomenon was also observed for classical-polarized macrophages (M1). This increment on the production of inflammatory mediators was not associated with macrophage polarization, but with up-regulation of Tlr4 and Myd88 gene expression, which was in accordance with the adaptation of immune cells. This observation was confirmed by the histone acetylation epigenetic pathway. In contrast to the priming effect of POPC on AM activity, a harmful immune response, induced on incubation with PONPC, improved prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) formation, resulting in diminished bacterial phagocytosis. Additionally, PONPC induced production of CXCL1/KC, which potentially mediates neutrophil recruitment and enhances tissue inflammation. These results disclosed another dynamic mechanism by which pulmonary surfactant lipids (natural or oxidized) primed macrophage activity, thus affecting lung host defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luma da Costa Loureiro
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada (PPGIBA), Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil; Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luana da Costa Loureiro
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada (PPGIBA), Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil; Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edson Alves Gabriel-Junior
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Albani Zambuzi
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caroline Fontanari
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helioswilton Sales-Campos
- Departamento de Biociências e Tecnologia, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e Saúde Pública, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Fabiani Gai Frantz
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lúcia Helena Faccioli
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Arterio Sorgi
- Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Imunologia Básica e Aplicada (PPGIBA), Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil; Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Morozova V, Babkin I, Kozlova Y, Baykov I, Bokovaya O, Tikunov A, Ushakova T, Bardasheva A, Ryabchikova E, Zelentsova E, Tikunova N. Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Klebsiella pneumoniae N4-like Bacteriophage KP8. Viruses 2019; 11:E1115. [PMID: 31810319 PMCID: PMC6950046 DOI: 10.3390/v11121115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a common pathogen, associated with a wide spectrum of infections, and clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae often possess multiple antibiotic resistances. Here, we describe a novel lytic N4-like bacteriophage KP8, specific to K. pneumoniae, including its genome, partial structural proteome, biological properties, and proposed taxonomy. Electron microscopy revealed that KP8 belongs to the Podoviridae family. The size of the KP8 genome was 73,679 bp, and it comprised 97 putative open reading frames. Comparative genome analysis revealed that the KP8 genome possessed the highest similarity to the genomes of Enquatrovirus and Gamaleyavirus phages, which are N4-like podoviruses. In addition, the KP8 genome showed gene synteny typical of the N4-like podoviruses and contained the gene encoding a large virion-encapsulated RNA polymerase. Phylogenetic analysis of the KP8 genome revealed that the KP8 genome formed a distinct branch within the clade, which included the members of Enquatrovirus and Gamaleyavirus genera besides KP8. The average evolutionary divergences KP8/Enquatrovirus and KP8/Gamaleyavirus were 0.466 and 0.447 substitutions per site (substitutes/site), respectively, similar to that between Enquatrovirus and Gamaleyavirus genera (0.468 substitutes/site). The obtained data suggested that Klebsiella phage KP8 differs from other similar phages and may represent a new genus within the N4-like phages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Morozova
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (I.B.); (Y.K.); (I.B.); (O.B.); (A.T.); (T.U.); (A.B.); (E.R.); (E.Z.); (N.T.)
| | - Igor Babkin
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (I.B.); (Y.K.); (I.B.); (O.B.); (A.T.); (T.U.); (A.B.); (E.R.); (E.Z.); (N.T.)
| | - Yuliya Kozlova
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (I.B.); (Y.K.); (I.B.); (O.B.); (A.T.); (T.U.); (A.B.); (E.R.); (E.Z.); (N.T.)
| | - Ivan Baykov
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (I.B.); (Y.K.); (I.B.); (O.B.); (A.T.); (T.U.); (A.B.); (E.R.); (E.Z.); (N.T.)
| | - Olga Bokovaya
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (I.B.); (Y.K.); (I.B.); (O.B.); (A.T.); (T.U.); (A.B.); (E.R.); (E.Z.); (N.T.)
- Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Artem Tikunov
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (I.B.); (Y.K.); (I.B.); (O.B.); (A.T.); (T.U.); (A.B.); (E.R.); (E.Z.); (N.T.)
| | - Tatyana Ushakova
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (I.B.); (Y.K.); (I.B.); (O.B.); (A.T.); (T.U.); (A.B.); (E.R.); (E.Z.); (N.T.)
| | - Alevtina Bardasheva
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (I.B.); (Y.K.); (I.B.); (O.B.); (A.T.); (T.U.); (A.B.); (E.R.); (E.Z.); (N.T.)
| | - Elena Ryabchikova
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (I.B.); (Y.K.); (I.B.); (O.B.); (A.T.); (T.U.); (A.B.); (E.R.); (E.Z.); (N.T.)
| | - Ekaterina Zelentsova
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (I.B.); (Y.K.); (I.B.); (O.B.); (A.T.); (T.U.); (A.B.); (E.R.); (E.Z.); (N.T.)
- International Tomography Center Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Nina Tikunova
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia; (I.B.); (Y.K.); (I.B.); (O.B.); (A.T.); (T.U.); (A.B.); (E.R.); (E.Z.); (N.T.)
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Patro LPP, Rathinavelan T. Targeting the Sugary Armor of Klebsiella Species. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2019; 9:367. [PMID: 31781512 PMCID: PMC6856556 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2019.00367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug-resistant strains of Gram-negative Klebsiella species is an urgent global threat. The World Health Organization has listed Klebsiella pneumoniae as one of the global priority pathogens in critical need of next-generation antibiotics. Compared to other Gram-negative pathogens, K. pneumoniae accumulates a greater diversity of antimicrobial-resistant genes at a higher frequency. The evolution of a hypervirulent phenotype of K. pneumoniae is yet another concern. It has a broad ecological distribution affecting humans, agricultural animals, plants, and aquatic animals. Extracellular polysaccharides of Klebsiella, such as lipopolysaccharides, capsular polysaccharides, and exopolysaccharides, play crucial roles in conferring resistance against the host immune response, as well as in colonization, surface adhesion, and for protection against antibiotics and bacteriophages. These extracellular polysaccharides are major virulent determinants and are highly divergent with respect to their antigenic properties. Wzx/Wzy-, ABC-, and synthase-dependent proteinaceous nano-machineries are involved in the biosynthesis, transport, and cell surface expression of these sugar molecules. Although the proteins involved in the biosynthesis and surface expression of these sugar molecules represent potential drug targets, variation in the amino acid sequences of some of these proteins, in combination with diversity in their sugar composition, poses a major challenge to the design of a universal drug for Klebsiella infections. This review discusses the challenges in universal Klebsiella vaccine and drug development from the perspective of antigen sugar compositions and the proteins involved in extracellular antigen transport.
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Gajdács M, Ábrók M, Lázár A, Burián K. Comparative Epidemiology and Resistance Trends of Common Urinary Pathogens in a Tertiary-Care Hospital: A 10-Year Surveillance Study. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2019; 55:E356. [PMID: 31324035 PMCID: PMC6681214 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55070356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objective: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are common in human medicine, affecting large patient populations worldwide. The principal cause of UTIs is uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) and Klebsiella, both in community and nosocomial settings. The assessment of local data on prevalence and resistance is essential to evaluate trends over time and to reflect on the national situation, compared to international data, using the methods of analytical epidemiology. Materials and Methods: The aim of this study was to assess resistance trends and epidemiology of UTIs caused by E. coli and Klebsiella species in inpatients and outpatients at a tertiary-care hospital in Hungary, using microbiological data. To evaluate resistance trends, several antibiotics were chosen as indicator drugs, based on local utilization data. Results: E. coli was the most prevalent isolate, representing 56.75 ± 4.86% for outpatients and 42.29 ± 2.94% for inpatients. For E. coli, the ratio of resistant strains for several antibiotics was significantly higher in the inpatient group, while in Klebsiella, similar trends were only observed for gentamicin. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing isolates were detected in 4.33-9.15% and 23.22-34.22% from outpatient, 8.85-38.97% and 10.89-36.06% from inpatient samples for E. coli and Klebsiella, respectively. Conclusions: Resistance developments in common UTI pathogens (especially to fosfomycin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, fluoroquinolones, and 3rd generation cephalosporins), seriously curb therapeutic options, especially in outpatient settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márió Gajdács
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Eötvös utca 6., 6720 Szeged, Hungary.
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Semmelweis utca 6., 6725 Szeged, Hungary.
| | - Marianna Ábrók
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Semmelweis utca 6., 6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Andrea Lázár
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Semmelweis utca 6., 6725 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Katalin Burián
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Semmelweis utca 6., 6725 Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunobiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 10., 6720 Szeged, Hungary
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Anti-Biofilm Activity of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Kefir Against Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.13.2.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
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43
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Slate A, Shalamanova L, Akhidime I, Whitehead K. Rhenium and yttrium ions as antimicrobial agents against multidrug resistant
Klebsiella pneumoniae
and
Acinetobacter baumannii
biofilms. Lett Appl Microbiol 2019; 69:168-174. [DOI: 10.1111/lam.13154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A.J. Slate
- Microbiology at Interfaces Research Group Manchester Metropolitan University Manchester UK
| | - L. Shalamanova
- Cardiovascular Group Manchester Metropolitan University Manchester UK
| | - I.D. Akhidime
- Microbiology at Interfaces Research Group Manchester Metropolitan University Manchester UK
| | - K.A. Whitehead
- Microbiology at Interfaces Research Group Manchester Metropolitan University Manchester UK
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Rodgers AM, McCrudden MTC, Courtenay AJ, Kearney MC, Edwards KL, Ingram RJ, Bengoechea J, Donnelly RF. Control of Klebsiella pneumoniae Infection in Mice by Using Dissolving Microarray Patches Containing Gentamicin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:e02612-18. [PMID: 30858214 PMCID: PMC6496091 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02612-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a murine model of Klebsiella pneumoniae bacterial infection, we demonstrate that gentamicin dissolving microarray patches, applied to murine ears, could control K. pneumoniae infection. Mice treated with microarray patches had reduced bacterial burden in the nasal-associated lymphoid tissue and lungs compared with their untreated counterparts. This proof of concept study represents the first published data on the in vivo delivery of the antibiotic gentamicin via dissolving microarray patches, resulting in the control of bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoife M Rodgers
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Maelíosa T C McCrudden
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Aaron J Courtenay
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Mary-Carmel Kearney
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Katherine L Edwards
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Science, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca J Ingram
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Science, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Jose Bengoechea
- Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Science, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan F Donnelly
- School of Pharmacy, Medical Biology Centre, Queens University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
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Microbial Food Safety Risk to Humans Associated with Poultry Feed: The Role of Irradiation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE 2019; 2019:6915736. [PMID: 30805357 PMCID: PMC6362498 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6915736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Animal feed has been linked to human illness through the food chain as a result of food borne bacteria and more recently the risk of foodborne antibiotic resistance. This study investigated the extent to which radiation can be used as an intervention to improve the safety and quality of poultry feed in terms of food borne pathogens and antibiotic resistant microbes. Mean counts of control feed samples were Log10 5.98 for total viable count (TVC), Log10 4.76 for coliform count (CC), Log10 2.89 for Staphylococcus aureus count (STC), and Log10 4.57 for yeast and mold count (YMC) and Salmonella spp. (SC) was not detected (ND). All counts were within permissible levels except for CC (Log10 4.76) which was above the permissible limit of ≤ log10 4.0. Identified bacteria isolates were Enterobacter cloacae (54.5%), Bacillus cereus (27.3%), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (18.2%). All (100%) isolates exhibited multidrug Resistance (MDR) with Bacillus cereus being the most resistant (to 9 out of 11 antibiotics) followed by Enterobacter cloacae/Klebsiella pneumoniae (4 out of 11 antibiotics). Several resistance patterns were observed with PEN/AMP/FLX being the commonest (100%), followed by ERY (90.9%), TET (72.7%), CRX (66.6%), CTX (45.4%), CHL/CTR (36.4%), GEN (27.3%), and COT (18.2%). Klebsiella pneumoniae showed zero resistance to GEN/CHL/CTR/CTX/CRX while Enterobacter cloacae and Bacillus cereus exhibited zero resistance to GEN and COT, respectively. The most effective antibiotic against Gram negative bacteria (Enterobacter cloacae and Klebsiella pneumoniae) was gentamicin while cotrimoxazole was the most effective against Bacillus cereus (Gram positive). Radiation processing of 5kGy totally eliminated all microbes including MDR food borne pathogens. In view of this, we recommend low dose radiation decontamination as a measure to mitigate against the possible food safety and public health risks to humans associated with poultry feed.
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Beigverdi R, Jabalameli L, Jabalameli F, Emaneini M. Prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae: First systematic review and meta-analysis from Iran. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2019; 18:12-21. [PMID: 30685458 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2019.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (ESBL-KP) have emerged as an important pathogen causing severe infections worldwide. Infections due to ESBL-KP are associated with high morbidity and mortality, especially in developing countries such as Iran. The aim of this study was to assess the pooled prevalence of ESBL-KP with different gene variants in Iran. METHODS A literature search of Medline (via PubMed), Embase, Web of Science and Iranian Database was performed. A meta-analysis was conducted using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software (version 2.2, Biostat). A fixed- or random-effects model was used based on the heterogeneity test. Publication bias was determined using Begg's rank correlation and Egger's weighted regression methods. RESULTS Among 783 articles identified, 43 studies met the eligibility criteria. The pooled prevalence of ESBL-KP was 43.5% (95% CI 39.3-47.9%) among clinical K. pneumoniae isolates. Among genes encoding ESBLs during 2000-2009, SHV, CTX-M and TEM were found with prevalences of 23.3%, 15.2% and 12.3%, respectively, whilst the prevalences of SHV, CTX-M, TEM and VEB were 24%, 28.1%, 25.2% and 8.3%, respectively, during the period 2010-2018. CONCLUSION The prevalence of ESBL-KP has increased steadily in recent years among clinical K. pneumoniae isolates in Iran. Thus, initial identification of ESBL-KP according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines, proper molecular approaches, and implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programmes in Iranian hospitals together with comprehensive infection control measures are urgently needed to control the dissemination of these strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Beigverdi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 100 Poursina St., Keshavarz Blvd., Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Jabalameli
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Jabalameli
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 100 Poursina St., Keshavarz Blvd., Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Emaneini
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 100 Poursina St., Keshavarz Blvd., Tehran, Iran.
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The emergence of colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strains from swine in Malaysia. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2019; 17:227-232. [PMID: 30611928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2018.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Colistin is the last line of therapy for infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. The objective of this study was to determine the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) isolated from swine samples in Malaysia. METHODS A total of 46 swine K. pneumoniae strains isolated from 2013-2015 in Malaysia were analysed for the production of extended-spectrum β-lactamases and carbapenemase. The resistance traits and genetic diversity of these strains were characterised by polymerase chain reaction, conjugation, plasmid analysis, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. RESULTS Nineteen of 46 strains were multidrug resistant while 13 were resistant to colistin. The majority of colistin-resistant strains harboured blaTEM gene (92.3%), followed by blaSHV (69.23%), blaCTXM-1 (38.46%), and blaMCR-1 (23.08%). All three colistin-resistant strains had transferable plasmids and the colistin resistance gene blaMCR-1. Genotyping by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed high genetic diversity among the K. pneumoniae and that the colistin-resistant K. pneumoniae strains were heterogenous. CONCLUSION It is believed that this is the first report of colistin-resistant K. pneumoniae among swine strains associated with mcr-1 plasmid in Malaysia. Due to the emergence of β-lactam, carbapenem and colistin resistance, the use of colistin in animal husbandry and agriculture should be avoided to prevent treatment failure.
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Yeh JJ, Lin CL, Kao CH. Relationship between pneumonia and cardiovascular diseases: A retrospective cohort study of the general population. Eur J Intern Med 2019; 59:39-45. [PMID: 30098854 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the relationship between cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) and pneumonia in the general population. METHODS This retrospective observational study included two cohorts, namely CVD (n = 28,363) and non-CVD (n = 28,363) cohorts, which were matched by propensity score and examined for cases of pneumonia. Data were obtained from 2000 to 2011. In both cohorts, pneumonia risk was measured using multivariable Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS With the non-CVD cohort as reference, the corresponding adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) [95% confidence intervals (CIs)] of pneumonia were 2.03 [1.77-2.31] for coronary artery disease, 4.11 [3.15-5.36] for heart failure, 3.21 [2.70-3.81] for cerebrovascular disease, 1.46 [1.07-1.98] for peripheral vascular disease, and 2.27 [2.01-2.56] for the CVD cohort. The cohort with comorbidities had a higher risk (all p < .05) of pneumonia compared with that without comorbidities, except for patients with the comorbidities of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, obesity, and liver disease. The aHR (95% CI) of pneumonia for antibiotic use was 1.26 (1.09-1.47). The aHRs of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) were 3.25 (95% CI = 1.04-10.1) and 2.95 (95% CI = 2.25-3.88), respectively. The aHRs (95% CI) were 1.78 (1.05-3.03) for intensive care unit (ICU) risk and 0.98 (0.96-0.99) for length of admission. CONCLUSION Pneumonia risk was associated with CVDs, especially heart failure, regardless of age, gender, comorbidities, and antibiotic use, particularly in elderly male patients. In addition, Patients with CVDs had a higher risk of CAP and HAP. The CVD cohort had a higher frequency of ICU admissions, but shorter admission lengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Jun Yeh
- Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan; Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan; Meiho University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Li Lin
- Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hung Kao
- Grdaduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Albalawi AH, El-Sayed WS, Aljuhani A, Almutairi SM, Rezki N, Aouad MR, Messali M. Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Some Potential Bioactive Imidazolium-Based Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071727. [PMID: 30011951 PMCID: PMC6099736 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
An environmentally-friendly and easy synthesis of a series of novel functionalized imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs) is described under both the conventional procedure and microwave irradiation. The structures of newly synthesized room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) were established by different spectral analyses. All ILs (1–14) were screened for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against a panel of clinically isolated bacteria. The results of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) showed that some of the tested ILs are very promising anti-bacterial agents especially those containing an alkyl chain with a phenyl group (most notably 1, 2, 12, and 13).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H Albalawi
- Department of Chemistry, Taibah University, Al-Madina Al-Mounawara 30002, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Wael S El-Sayed
- Department of Biology Department, Taibah University, Al-Madina Al-Mounawara 30002, Saudi Arabia.
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt.
| | - Ateyatallah Aljuhani
- Department of Chemistry, Taibah University, Al-Madina Al-Mounawara 30002, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Saud M Almutairi
- King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh 11442, P.O. Box 6086, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Nadjet Rezki
- Department of Chemistry, Taibah University, Al-Madina Al-Mounawara 30002, Saudi Arabia.
- Laboratoire de Chimie & Electrochimie des Complexes Métalliques (LCECM) USTO-MB, University of Sciences and Technology Mohamed Boudiaf, BP 1505 Oran, El M nouar, Algeria.
| | - Mohamed R Aouad
- Department of Chemistry, Taibah University, Al-Madina Al-Mounawara 30002, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mouslim Messali
- Department of Chemistry, Taibah University, Al-Madina Al-Mounawara 30002, Saudi Arabia.
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