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Amran RH, Jamal MT, Bowrji S, Sayegh F, Santanumurti MB, Satheesh S. Mini review: antimicrobial compounds produced by bacteria associated with marine invertebrates. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2024:10.1007/s12223-024-01209-5. [PMID: 39446239 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-024-01209-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 10/15/2024] [Indexed: 10/25/2024]
Abstract
The marine environment is considered one of the most important ecosystems with high biodiversity. Microorganisms in this environment are variable and coexist with other marine organisms. The microbes associated with other marine organisms produce compounds with biological activity that may help the host's defense against invading organisms. The symbiotic association of bacteria with marine invertebrates is of ecological and biotechnological importance. Biologically active metabolites isolated from bacteria associated with marine invertebrates are considered potential sources of natural antimicrobial molecules for treating infectious diseases. Many studies have been conducted to screen the antimicrobial activity of metabolites produced by bacteria associated with marine invertebrates. This work provides an overview of the advancements in antimicrobial compound research on bacteria associated with marine invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramzi H Amran
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80207, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Science and Environments, Hodeidah University, P.O. Box 3114, Hodeidah, Yemen
- Marine Natural Products Research Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mamdoh T Jamal
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80207, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saba Bowrji
- Department of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Faculty of Marine Science and Environments, Hodeidah University, P.O. Box 3114, Hodeidah, Yemen
| | - Fotoon Sayegh
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Marine Natural Products Research Unit, King Fahad Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Browijoyo Santanumurti
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80207, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine, Universitas Airlangga, 60115, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Sathianeson Satheesh
- Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80207, 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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González-Aravena M, Perrois G, Font A, Cárdenas CA, Rondon R. Microbiome profile of the Antarctic clam Laternula elliptica. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:487-497. [PMID: 38157148 PMCID: PMC10920576 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01200-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The filter feeder clam Laternula elliptica is a key species in the Antarctic ecosystem. As a stenothermal benthic species, it has a poor capacity for adaptation to small temperature variations. Despite their ecological importance and sensitivity to climate change, studies on their microbiomes are lacking. The goal of this study was to characterize the bacterial communities of L. elliptica and the tissues variability of this microbiome to provide an initial insight of host-microbiota interactions. We investigated the diversity and taxonomic composition of bacterial communities of L. elliptica from five regions of the body using high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results showed that the microbiome of L. elliptica tended to differ from that of the surrounding seawater samples. However, there were no significant differences in the microbial composition between the body sites, and only two OTUs were present in all samples, being considered core microbiome (genus Moritella and Polaribacter). No significant differences were detected in diversity indexes among tissues (mean 626.85 for observed OTUs, 628.89 Chao1, 5.42 Shannon, and 0.87 Simpson). Rarefaction analysis revealed that most tissues reached a plateau of OTU number according to sample increase, with the exception of Siphon samples. Psychromonas and Psychrilyobacter were particularly abundant in L. elliptica whereas Fluviicola dominated seawater and siphons. Typical polar bacteria were Polaribacter, Shewanella, Colwellia, and Moritella. We detected the prevalence of pathogenic bacterial sequences, particularly in the family Arcobacteraceae, Pseudomonadaceae, and Mycoplasmataceae. The prokaryotic diversity was similar among tissues, as well as their taxonomic composition, suggesting a homogeneity of the microbiome along L. elliptica body. The Antarctic clam population can be used to monitor the impact of human activity in areas near Antarctic stations that discharge wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Garance Perrois
- Departamento Científico, Instituto Antártico Chileno, Punta Arenas, Chile
- Tropical & Subtropical Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science & Technology, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Alejandro Font
- Departamento Científico, Instituto Antártico Chileno, Punta Arenas, Chile
| | - César A Cárdenas
- Departamento Científico, Instituto Antártico Chileno, Punta Arenas, Chile
- Millennium Institute Biodiversity of Antarctic and Subantarctic Ecosystems (BASE), Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodolfo Rondon
- Departamento Científico, Instituto Antártico Chileno, Punta Arenas, Chile.
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Reina JC, Pérez P, Llamas I. Quorum Quenching Strains Isolated from the Microbiota of Sea Anemones and Holothurians Attenuate Vibriocorallilyticus Virulence Factors and Reduce Mortality in Artemiasalina. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10030631. [PMID: 35336206 PMCID: PMC8950658 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10030631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Interference with quorum-sensing (QS) intercellular communication systems by the enzymatic disruption of N-acylhomoserine lactones (AHLs) in Gram-negative bacteria has become a promising strategy to fight bacterial infections. In this study, seven strains previously isolated from marine invertebrates and selected for their ability to degrade C6 and C10-HSL, were identified as Acinetobacter junii, Ruegeria atlantica, Microbulbifer echini, Reinheimera aquimaris, and Pseudomonas sihuiensis. AHL-degrading activity against a wide range of synthetic AHLs were identified by using an agar well diffusion assay and Agrobacterium tumefaciens NTL4 and Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 and VIR07 as biosensors. High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) analysis indicated that this activity was not due to an AHL lactonase. All the strains degraded Vibrio coralliilyticus AHLs in coculture experiments, while some strains reduced or abolished the production of virulence factors. In vivo assays showed that strains M3-111 and M3-127 reduced this pathogen’s virulence and increased the survival rate of Artemia salina up to 3-fold, indicating its potential use for biotechnological purposes. To our knowledge, this is the first study to describe AHL-degrading activities in some of these marine species. These findings highlight that the microbiota associated with marine invertebrates constitute an important underexplored source of biological valuable compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Carlos Reina
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.C.R.); (P.P.)
| | - Pedro Pérez
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.C.R.); (P.P.)
| | - Inmaculada Llamas
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (J.C.R.); (P.P.)
- Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), Institute of Biotechnology, University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Díaz-Díaz LM, Rodríguez-Villafañe A, García-Arrarás JE. The Role of the Microbiota in Regeneration-Associated Processes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:768783. [PMID: 35155442 PMCID: PMC8826689 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.768783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbiota, the set of microorganisms associated with a particular environment or host, has acquired a prominent role in the study of many physiological and developmental processes. Among these, is the relationship between the microbiota and regenerative processes in various organisms. Here we introduce the concept of the microbiota and its involvement in regeneration-related cellular events. We then review the role of the microbiota in regenerative models that extend from the repair of tissue layers to the regeneration of complete organs or animals. We highlight the role of the microbiota in the digestive tract, since it accounts for a significant percentage of an animal microbiota, and at the same time provides an outstanding system to study microbiota effects on regeneration. Lastly, while this review serves to highlight echinoderms, primarily holothuroids, as models for regeneration studies, it also provides multiple examples of microbiota-related interactions in other processes in different organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lymarie M Díaz-Díaz
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
| | | | - José E García-Arrarás
- Department of Biology, University of Puerto Rico, Río Piedras Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico
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Quemener M, Dayras M, Frotté N, Debaets S, Le Meur C, Barbier G, Edgcomb V, Mehiri M, Burgaud G. Highlighting the Biotechnological Potential of Deep Oceanic Crust Fungi through the Prism of Their Antimicrobial Activity. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19080411. [PMID: 34436250 PMCID: PMC8399467 DOI: 10.3390/md19080411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the different tools to address the antibiotic resistance crisis, bioprospecting in complex uncharted habitats to detect novel microorganisms putatively producing original antimicrobial compounds can definitely increase the current therapeutic arsenal of antibiotics. Fungi from numerous habitats have been widely screened for their ability to express specific biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) involved in the synthesis of antimicrobial compounds. Here, a collection of unique 75 deep oceanic crust fungi was screened to evaluate their biotechnological potential through the prism of their antimicrobial activity using a polyphasic approach. After a first genetic screening to detect specific BGCs, a second step consisted of an antimicrobial screening that tested the most promising isolates against 11 microbial targets. Here, 12 fungal isolates showed at least one antibacterial and/or antifungal activity (static or lytic) against human pathogens. This analysis also revealed that Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Enterococcus faecalis CIP A 186 were the most impacted, followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853. A specific focus on three fungal isolates allowed us to detect interesting activity of crude extracts against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Finally, complementary mass spectrometry (MS)-based molecular networking analyses were performed to putatively assign the fungal metabolites and raise hypotheses to link them to the observed antimicrobial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxence Quemener
- Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Écologie Microbienne, Université de Brest, F-29280 Plouzané, France; (M.Q.); (N.F.); (S.D.); (C.L.M.); (G.B.)
| | - Marie Dayras
- Marine Natural Products Team, Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR 7272, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, 06108 Nice, France; (M.D.); (M.M.)
| | - Nicolas Frotté
- Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Écologie Microbienne, Université de Brest, F-29280 Plouzané, France; (M.Q.); (N.F.); (S.D.); (C.L.M.); (G.B.)
| | - Stella Debaets
- Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Écologie Microbienne, Université de Brest, F-29280 Plouzané, France; (M.Q.); (N.F.); (S.D.); (C.L.M.); (G.B.)
| | - Christophe Le Meur
- Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Écologie Microbienne, Université de Brest, F-29280 Plouzané, France; (M.Q.); (N.F.); (S.D.); (C.L.M.); (G.B.)
| | - Georges Barbier
- Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Écologie Microbienne, Université de Brest, F-29280 Plouzané, France; (M.Q.); (N.F.); (S.D.); (C.L.M.); (G.B.)
| | - Virginia Edgcomb
- Departments of Geology and Geophysics and Biology, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA;
| | - Mohamed Mehiri
- Marine Natural Products Team, Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR 7272, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, 06108 Nice, France; (M.D.); (M.M.)
| | - Gaëtan Burgaud
- Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Écologie Microbienne, Université de Brest, F-29280 Plouzané, France; (M.Q.); (N.F.); (S.D.); (C.L.M.); (G.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-290915148
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Major ocean currents may shape the microbiome of the topshell Phorcus sauciatus in the NE Atlantic Ocean. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12480. [PMID: 34127690 PMCID: PMC8203703 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91448-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies on microbial communities are pivotal to understand the role and the evolutionary paths of the host and their associated microorganisms in the ecosystems. Meta-genomics techniques have proven to be one of the most effective tools in the identification of endosymbiotic communities of host species. The microbiome of the highly exploited topshell Phorcus sauciatus was characterized in the Northeastern Atlantic (Portugal, Madeira, Selvagens, Canaries and Azores). Alpha diversity analysis based on observed OTUs showed significant differences among regions. The Principal Coordinates Analysis of beta-diversity based on presence/absence showed three well differentiated groups, one from Azores, a second from Madeira and the third one for mainland Portugal, Selvagens and the Canaries. The microbiome results may be mainly explained by large-scale oceanographic processes of the study region, i.e., the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre, and specifically by the Canary Current. Our results suggest the feasibility of microbiome as a model study to unravel biogeographic and evolutionary processes in marine species with high dispersive potential.
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Abstract
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an opportunistic pathogen of significant concern to susceptible patient populations. This pathogen can cause nosocomial and community-acquired respiratory and bloodstream infections and various other infections in humans. Sources include water, plant rhizospheres, animals, and foods. Studies of the genetic heterogeneity of S. maltophilia strains have identified several new genogroups and suggested adaptation of this pathogen to its habitats. The mechanisms used by S. maltophilia during pathogenesis continue to be uncovered and explored. S. maltophilia virulence factors include use of motility, biofilm formation, iron acquisition mechanisms, outer membrane components, protein secretion systems, extracellular enzymes, and antimicrobial resistance mechanisms. S. maltophilia is intrinsically drug resistant to an array of different antibiotics and uses a broad arsenal to protect itself against antimicrobials. Surveillance studies have recorded increases in drug resistance for S. maltophilia, prompting new strategies to be developed against this opportunist. The interactions of this environmental bacterium with other microorganisms are being elucidated. S. maltophilia and its products have applications in biotechnology, including agriculture, biocontrol, and bioremediation.
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Maire J, Blackall LL, van Oppen MJH. Microbiome characterization of defensive tissues in the model anemone Exaiptasia diaphana. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:152. [PMID: 34020587 PMCID: PMC8140459 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02211-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Coral reefs are among the most diverse and productive ecosystems on Earth. This success relies on the coral’s association with a wide range of microorganisms, including dinoflagellates of the family Symbiodiniaceae that provide coral hosts with most of their organic carbon requirements. While bacterial associates have long been overlooked, research on these microorganisms is gaining traction, and deciphering bacterial identity and function is greatly enhancing our understanding of cnidarian biology. Here, we investigated bacterial communities in defensive tissues (acontia) of the coral model, the sea anemone Exaiptasia diaphana. Acontia are internal filaments that are ejected upon detection of an external threat and release toxins to repel predators. Results Using culturing techniques and 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding we identified bacterial communities associated with acontia of four Great Barrier Reef-sourced E. diaphana genotypes. We show that bacterial communities are similar across genotypes, and dominated by Alteromonadaceae, Vibrionaceae, Rhodobacteraceae, and Saprospiraceae. By analyzing abundant amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) from metabarcoding data from acontia and comparing these to data from whole anemones, we identified five potentially important bacterial genera of the acontia microbiome: Vibrio, Sulfitobacter, Marivita, Alteromonas, and Lewinella. The role of these bacteria within the acontia remains uninvestigated but could entail assistance in defense processes such as toxin production. Conclusions This study provides insight into potential bacterial involvement in cnidarian defense tissues and highlights the need to study bacterial communities in individual compartments within a holobiont. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12866-021-02211-4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin Maire
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Linda L Blackall
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Madeleine J H van Oppen
- School of Biosciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD, Australia
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AhaP, A Quorum Quenching Acylase from Psychrobacter sp. M9-54-1 That Attenuates Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Vibrio coralliilyticus Virulence. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19010016. [PMID: 33401388 PMCID: PMC7823738 DOI: 10.3390/md19010016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Psychrobacter strain M9-54-1 had been previously isolated from the microbiota of holothurians and shown to degrade quorum sensing (QS) signal molecules C6 and C10-homoserine lactone (HSL), little was known about the gene responsible for this activity. In this study, we determined the whole genome sequence of this strain and found that the full 16S rRNA sequence shares 99.78-99.66% identity with Psychrobacter pulmonis CECT 5989T and P. faecalis ISO-46T. M9-54-1, evaluated using the agar well diffusion assay method, showed high quorum quenching (QQ) activity against a wide range of synthetic N-acylhomoserine lactone (AHLs) at 4, 15, and 28 °C. High-performance liquid chromatography-mass-spectrometry (HPLC-MS) confirmed that QQ activity was due to an AHL-acylase. The gene encoding for QQ activity in strain M9-54-1 was identified from its genome sequence whose gene product was named AhaP. Purified AhaP degraded substituted and unsubstituted AHLs from C4- to C14-HSL. Furthermore, heterologous expression of ahaP in the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 reduced the expression of the QS-controlled gene lecA, encoding for a cytotoxic galactophilic lectin and swarming motility protein. Strain M9-54-1 also reduced brine shrimp mortality caused by Vibrio coralliilyticus VibC-Oc-193, showing potential as a biocontrol agent in aquaculture.
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Faddetta T, Ardizzone F, Faillaci F, Reina C, Palazzotto E, Strati F, De Filippo C, Spinelli G, Puglia AM, Gallo G, Cavalieri V. Composition and geographic variation of the bacterial microbiota associated with the coelomic fluid of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21443. [PMID: 33293569 PMCID: PMC7723044 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78534-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present work, culture-based and culture-independent investigations were performed to determine the microbiota structure of the coelomic fluid of Mediterranean sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus individuals collected from two distinct geographical sites neighboring a high-density population bay and a nature reserve, respectively. Next Generation Sequencing analysis of 16S rRNA gene (rDNA) showed that members of the Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria phyla, which have been previously reported to be commonly retrieved from marine invertebrates, dominate the overall population of microorganisms colonizing this liquid tissue, with minority bacterial genera exhibiting remarkable differences among individuals. Our results showed that there is a correlation between microbiota structure and geographical location of the echinoderm collection site, highlighting over-representation of metagenomic functions related to amino acid and bioactive peptides metabolism in specimens inhabiting the nature reserve. Finally, we also described the developmental delay and aberrations exhibited by sea urchin embryos exposed to distinct bacterial isolates, and showed that these defects rely upon hydrophilic compound(s) synthesized by the bacterial strains assayed. Altogether, our findings lay the groundwork to decipher the relationships of bacteria with sea urchins in their aquatic environment, also providing an additional layer of information to understand the biological roles of the coelomic fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Faddetta
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, viale delle Scienze, ed. 16, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Ardizzone
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, viale delle Scienze, ed. 16, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesca Faillaci
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, viale delle Scienze, ed. 16, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Chiara Reina
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, Piazza Delle Cliniche 2, 90127, Palermo, Italy
| | - Emilia Palazzotto
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, viale delle Scienze, ed. 16, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Strati
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology, Via Adamello, 16, 20139, Milano, Italy
| | - Carlotta De Filippo
- Institute of Agricultural Biology and Biotechnology, National Research Council, Via Moruzzi, 1, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Spinelli
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, viale delle Scienze, ed. 16, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Puglia
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, viale delle Scienze, ed. 16, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gallo
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, viale delle Scienze, ed. 16, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Cavalieri
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Palermo, viale delle Scienze, ed. 16, 90128, Palermo, Italy.
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Zhu FC, Lian CA, He LS. Genomic Characterization of a Novel Tenericutes Bacterium from Deep-Sea Holothurian Intestine. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8121874. [PMID: 33260795 PMCID: PMC7761423 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8121874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal bacterial communities are highly relevant to the digestion, nutrition, growth, reproduction, and immunity of animals, but little is known about the composition and function of intestinal microbiota in deep-sea invertebrates. In this study, the intestinal microbiota of six holothurian Molpadia musculus were investigated, showing that their midguts were predominantly occupied by Izemoplasmatales bacteria. Using metagenomic sequencing, a draft genome of 1,822,181 bp was successfully recovered. After comparison with phylogenetically related bacteria, genes involved in saccharide usage and de novo nucleotide biosynthesis were reduced. However, a set of genes responsible for extracellular nucleoside utilization and 14 of 20 amino acid synthesis pathways were completely retained. Under oligotrophic condition, the gut-associated bacterium may make use of extracellular DNA for carbon and energy supplement, and may provide essential amino acids to the host. The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) and restriction–modification (RM) systems presented in the genome may provide protection against invading viruses. A linear azol(in)e-containing peptide gene cluster for bacteriocin synthesize was also identified, which may inhibit the colonization and growth of harmful bacteria. Known virulence factors were not found by database searching. On the basis of its phylogenetic position and metabolic characteristics, we proposed that the bacterium represented a novel genus and a novel family within the Izemoplasmatales order and suggested it be named “Candidatus Bathyoplasma sp. NZ”. This was the first time describing host-associated Izemoplasmatales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Chao Zhu
- Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China; (F.-C.Z.); (C.-A.L.)
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Chun-Ang Lian
- Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China; (F.-C.Z.); (C.-A.L.)
- College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101408, China
| | - Li-Sheng He
- Institute of Deep-Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China; (F.-C.Z.); (C.-A.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-898-88380060
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12
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Lanza M, Casili G, Torre GLL, Giuffrida D, Rotondo A, Esposito E, Ardizzone A, Rando R, Bartolomeo G, Albergamo A, Vadalà R, Salvo A. Properties of a New Food Supplement Containing Actinia equina Extract. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9100945. [PMID: 33019631 PMCID: PMC7600189 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine species represent a great source of biologically active substances; Actinia equina (AE), an Anthozoa Cnidaria belonging to the Actinidiae family, have been proposed as original food and have already been included in several cooking recipes in local Mediterranean shores, and endowed with excellent nutraceutical potential. The aim of this study was to investigate some unexplored features of AE, through analytical screening and an in-vitro and in-vivo model. An in-vitro study, made on RAW 264.7 stimulated with H2O2, showed that the pre-treatment with AE exerted an antioxidant action, reducing lipid peroxidation and up-regulating antioxidant enzymes. On the other hand, the in-vivo study over murine model demonstrated that the administration of AE extracts is able to reduce the carrageenan (CAR)-induced paw edema. Furthermore, the histological damage due to the neutrophil infiltration is prevented, and this highlights precious anti-inflammatory features of the interesting food-stuff. Moreover, it was assessed that AE extract modulated nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) and The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2) pathways. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that thanks to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, AE extract could be used as a new food supplement for inflammatory pathology prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Lanza
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 3, 98166 Messina, Italy; (M.L.); (G.C.); (A.A.)
| | - Giovanna Casili
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 3, 98166 Messina, Italy; (M.L.); (G.C.); (A.A.)
| | - Giovanna Loredana La Torre
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; (G.L.L.T.); (A.R.); (R.R.); (G.B.); (A.A.); (R.V.)
| | - Daniele Giuffrida
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; (G.L.L.T.); (A.R.); (R.R.); (G.B.); (A.A.); (R.V.)
- Correspondence: (D.G.); (E.E.); Tel.: +39-090-6765496 (D.G.); +39-090-6765212 (E.E.)
| | - Archimede Rotondo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; (G.L.L.T.); (A.R.); (R.R.); (G.B.); (A.A.); (R.V.)
| | - Emanuela Esposito
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 3, 98166 Messina, Italy; (M.L.); (G.C.); (A.A.)
- Correspondence: (D.G.); (E.E.); Tel.: +39-090-6765496 (D.G.); +39-090-6765212 (E.E.)
| | - Alessio Ardizzone
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno D’Alcontres 3, 98166 Messina, Italy; (M.L.); (G.C.); (A.A.)
| | - Rossana Rando
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; (G.L.L.T.); (A.R.); (R.R.); (G.B.); (A.A.); (R.V.)
| | - Giovanni Bartolomeo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; (G.L.L.T.); (A.R.); (R.R.); (G.B.); (A.A.); (R.V.)
| | - Ambrogina Albergamo
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; (G.L.L.T.); (A.R.); (R.R.); (G.B.); (A.A.); (R.V.)
| | - Rossella Vadalà
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy; (G.L.L.T.); (A.R.); (R.R.); (G.B.); (A.A.); (R.V.)
| | - Andrea Salvo
- Department of Chemistry and Drug Technology, University of Roma La Sapienza, via P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy;
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Akbar N, Siddiqui R, Sagathevan K, Khan NA. Gut bacteria of animals living in polluted environments exhibit broad-spectrum antibacterial activities. Int Microbiol 2020; 23:511-526. [PMID: 32124096 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-020-00123-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases, in particular bacterial infections, are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality posing a global threat to human health. The emergence of antibiotic resistance has exacerbated the problem further. Hence, there is a need to search for novel sources of antibacterials. Herein, we explored gut bacteria of a variety of animals living in polluted environments for their antibacterial properties against multi-drug resistant pathogenic bacteria. A variety of species were procured including invertebrate species, Blaptica dubia (cockroach), Gromphadorhina portentosa (cockroach), Scylla serrata (crab), Grammostola rosea (tarantula), Scolopendra subspinipes (centipede) and vertebrate species including Varanus salvator (water monitor lizard), Malayopython reticulatus (python), Cuora amboinensis (tortoise), Oreochromis mossambicus (tilapia fish), Rattus rattus (rat), Gallus gallus domesticus (chicken) and Lithobates catesbeianus (frog). Gut bacteria of these animals were isolated and identified using microbiological, biochemical, analytical profiling index (API) and through molecluar identification using 16S rRNA sequencing. Bacterial conditioned media (CM) were prepared and tested against selected Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria as well as human cells (HaCaT). The results revealed that CM exhibited significant broad-spectrum antibacterial activities. Upon heat inactivation, CM retained their antibacterial properties suggesting that this effect may be due to secondary metabolites or small peptides. CM showed minimal cytotoxicity against human cells. These findings suggest that gut bacteria of animals living in polluted environments produce broad-spectrum antibacterial molecule(s). The molecular identity of the active molecule(s) together with their mode of action is the subject of future studies which could lead to the rational development of novel antibacterial(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Akbar
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ruqaiyyah Siddiqui
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, University City, 26666, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - K Sagathevan
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Science and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Naveed Ahmed Khan
- Department of Biology, Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, American University of Sharjah, University City, 26666, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
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14
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Diversity and antimicrobial activity of culturable fungi associated with sea anemone Anthopleura xanthogrammica. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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15
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Abstract
The marine environment encompasses a huge biological diversity and can be considered as an underexplored location for prospecting bioactive molecules. In this review, the current state of art about antimicrobial molecules from marine bacteria has been summarized considering the main phylum and sources evolved in a marine environment. Considering the last two decades, we have found as most studied group of bacteria producers of substances with antimicrobial activity is the Firmicutes phylum, in particular strains of the Bacillus genus. The reason for that can be attributed to the difficult cultivation of typical Actinobacteria from a marine sediment, whose members are the major producers of antimicrobial substances in land environments. However, a reversed trend has been observed in recent years with an increasing number of reports settling on Actinobacteria. Great diversity of chemical structures have been identified, such as fijimicyns and lynamicyns from Actinomycetes and macrolactins produced by Bacillus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Stincone
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Microbiologia Aplicada, Departamento de Ciência de Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Adriano Brandelli
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Microbiologia Aplicada, Departamento de Ciência de Alimentos, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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16
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Roux N, Lami R, Salis P, Magré K, Romans P, Masanet P, Lecchini D, Laudet V. Sea anemone and clownfish microbiota diversity and variation during the initial steps of symbiosis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19491. [PMID: 31862916 PMCID: PMC6925283 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55756-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Clownfishes and sea anemones form an intriguing long-term association, but the mechanism underlying this symbiosis is not well understood. Since clownfishes seem to cover themselves with sea anemone mucus, we investigated the microbiomes of the two partners to search for possible shifts in their compositions. We used a 16S rRNA gene sequencing strategy to study the dynamics of the microbiota during the association between the clownfish Amphiprion ocellaris and its host Heteractis magnifica under laboratory conditions. The experiment conducted in aquaria revealed that both clownfish and sea anemone mucus had specific signatures compared to artificial sea water. The microbiomes of both species were highly dynamic during the initiation of the symbiosis and for up to seven days after contact. Three families of bacteria (Haliangiaceae, Pseudoalteromonadacae, Saprospiracae) were shared between the two organisms after symbiosis. Once the symbiosis had been formed, the clownfishes and sea anemone then shared some communities of their mucus microbiota. This study paves the way for further investigations to determine if similar microbial signatures exist in natural environments, whether such microbial sharing can be beneficial for both organisms, and whether the microbiota is implicated in the mechanisms that protect the clownfish from sea anemone stinging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Roux
- Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls-sur-Mer, UMR CNRS 7232 BIOM; Sorbonne Université Paris; 1, avenue Pierre Fabre, 66650, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
- PSL Research University: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR3278 CRIOBE, BP 1013, 98729, Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia
| | - Raphaël Lami
- Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls-sur-Mer, USR CNRS 3579 LBBM, Sorbonne Université Paris;1, avenue Pierre Fabre, 66650, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Pauline Salis
- Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls-sur-Mer, UMR CNRS 7232 BIOM; Sorbonne Université Paris; 1, avenue Pierre Fabre, 66650, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Kévin Magré
- Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls-sur-Mer, UMR CNRS 7232 BIOM; Sorbonne Université Paris; 1, avenue Pierre Fabre, 66650, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Pascal Romans
- FR3724, Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls sur Mer, 66650, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France
| | - Patrick Masanet
- Aquarium de Canet-en-Roussillon, 2 Boulevard de la Jetée, 66140, Canet-en-Roussillon, France
| | - David Lecchini
- PSL Research University: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, USR3278 CRIOBE, BP 1013, 98729, Papetoai, Moorea, French Polynesia
- Laboratoire d'Excellence "CORAIL", Moorea, French Polynesia
| | - Vincent Laudet
- Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls-sur-Mer, UMR CNRS 7232 BIOM; Sorbonne Université Paris; 1, avenue Pierre Fabre, 66650, Banyuls-sur-Mer, France.
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Reina JC, Pérez-Victoria I, Martín J, Llamas I. A Quorum-Sensing Inhibitor Strain of Vibrio alginolyticus Blocks Qs-Controlled Phenotypes in Chromobacterium violaceum and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:md17090494. [PMID: 31450549 PMCID: PMC6780304 DOI: 10.3390/md17090494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The cell density-dependent mechanism, quorum sensing (QS), regulates the expression of virulence factors. Its inhibition has been proposed as a promising new strategy to prevent bacterial pathogenicity. In this study, 827 strains from the microbiota of sea anemones and holothurians were screened for their ability to produce quorum-sensing inhibitor (QSI) compounds. The strain M3-10, identified as Vibrio alginolyticus by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, as well as ANIb and dDDH analyses, was selected for its high QSI activity. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the cell pellet extract from a fermentation broth of strain M3-10, followed by LC–MS and NMR analyses, revealed tyramine and N-acetyltyramine as the active compounds. The QS inhibitory activity of these molecules, which was confirmed using pure commercially available standards, was found to significantly inhibit Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 12472 violacein production and virulence factors, such as pyoverdine production, as well as swarming and twitching motilities, produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. This constitutes the first study to screen QSI-producing strains in the microbiota of anemones and holothurians and provides an insight into the use of naturally produced QSI as a possible strategy to combat bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Carlos Reina
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus Universitario Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Ignacio Pérez-Victoria
- MEDINA Foundation, Andalusian Center of Excellence for Research into Innovative Medicines, Health Sciences Technological Park (PTS), Avda. del Conocimiento 34, 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain.
| | - Jesús Martín
- MEDINA Foundation, Andalusian Center of Excellence for Research into Innovative Medicines, Health Sciences Technological Park (PTS), Avda. del Conocimiento 34, 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Llamas
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Campus Universitario Cartuja s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain.
- Institute of Biotechnology, Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, 18100 Granada, Spain.
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Reina JC, Torres M, Llamas I. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia AHL-Degrading Strains Isolated from Marine Invertebrate Microbiota Attenuate the Virulence of Pectobacterium carotovorum and Vibrio coralliilyticus. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 21:276-290. [PMID: 30762152 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-019-09879-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Many Gram-negative aquacultural and agricultural pathogens control virulence factor expression through a quorum-sensing (QS) mechanism involving the production of N-acylhomoserine (AHL) signalling molecules. Thus, the interruption of QS systems by the enzymatic degradation of signalling molecules, known as quorum quenching (QQ), has been proposed as a novel strategy to combat these infections. Given that the symbiotic bacteria of marine invertebrates are considered to be an important source of new bioactive molecules, this study explores the presence of AHL-degrading bacteria among 827 strains previously isolated from the microbiota of anemones and holothurians. Four of these strains (M3-1, M1-14, M3-13 and M9-54-2), belonging to the species Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, were selected on the basis of their ability to degrade a broad range of AHLs, and the enzymes involved in their activity were identified. Strain M9-54-2, which showed the strongest AHL-degrading activity, was selected for further study. High-performance liquid chromatography-mass-spectrometry confirmed that the QQ enzyme is not a lactonase. Strain M9-54-2 degraded AHL accumulation and reduced the production of enzymatic activity in Pectobacterium carotovorum CECT 225T and Vibrio coralliilyticus VibC-Oc-193 in in vitro co-cultivation experiments. The effect of AHL inactivation was confirmed by a reduction in potato tuber maceration and brine shrimp (Artemia salina) mortality caused by P. carotovorum and Vibrio coralliilyticus, respectively. This study strengthens the evidence of marine organisms as an underexplored and promising source of QQ enzymes, useful to prevent infections in aquaculture and agriculture. To our knowledge, this is the first time that anemones and holothurians have been studied for this purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Carlos Reina
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - Marta Torres
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
- Institute of Biotechnology, Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, CEA, CNRS, University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Inmaculada Llamas
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.
- Institute of Biotechnology, Biomedical Research Center (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.
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19
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Offret C, Jégou C, Mounier J, Fleury Y, Le Chevalier P. New insights into the haemo- and coelo-microbiota with antimicrobial activities from Echinodermata and Mollusca. J Appl Microbiol 2019; 126:1023-1031. [PMID: 30586216 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to investigate the diversity of bacteria with antimicrobial activity present in the coelomic fluid and haemolymph of wild and healthy echinodermata and mollusca. METHODS AND RESULTS Collection expeditions of healthy marine molluscs and echinoderms were conducted in the Glenan archipelago in spring 2014. Members of the culturable microbiota present in the haemolymph, (haemo-microbiota) of Haliotis tuberculata (gastropoda, abalone) and Mytilus edulis (bivalvia, mussel), as well as in the coelomic fluid (coelo-microbiota) of Echinus esculentus (echinoidea, sea urchin) and Holothuria forskali (Holothuroidea, holothurian) were screened for antimicrobial activity, and further identified using 16S rRNA sequencing. Except for E. esculentus, culturable bacteria in the internal fluids of all studied organisms (mussel, abalone and holothurian) were more abundant than in seawater. The haemo- and coelo-microbiota with antimicrobial activity differed significantly between host species, in terms of abundance and diversity. Indeed, higher numbers were isolated from mussel than from abalone haemolymph. Moreover, in mussels and holothurians, bacteria with antimicrobial activities were predominantly Vibrio spp. (respectively 55 and 45%), while Pseudoalteromonas spp. were the most abundant (50%) in abalone haemolymph. Nevertheless, the activity spectra of these bacteria mainly included marine pathogens affiliated to the Vibrio genus. CONCLUSION The haemo- and coelo-microbiota with antimicrobial activities were significantly related to their host species and differed in terms of abundance and diversity. These bacteria may play a key role in host homeostasis against pathogens. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study brings new knowledge on the diversity of bacteria present in the internal fluids of two marine molluscs and two echinoderms and their antimicrobial activities towards marine pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Offret
- Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie Microbiennes LUBEM EA3882, Université de Brest, Technopole Brest-Iroise, Plouzané, France.,Food Sciences Department, Pavillon Paul-Comtois, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - C Jégou
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Chimie Marines LBCM EA3884, Université de Brest, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, IUT Quimper, Quimper, France
| | - J Mounier
- Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie Microbiennes LUBEM EA3882, Université de Brest, Technopole Brest-Iroise, Plouzané, France
| | - Y Fleury
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Chimie Marines LBCM EA3884, Université de Brest, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, IUT Quimper, Quimper, France
| | - P Le Chevalier
- Laboratoire de Biotechnologie et Chimie Marines LBCM EA3884, Université de Brest, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, IUT Quimper, Quimper, France
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20
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Jackson EW, Pepe-Ranney C, Debenport SJ, Buckley DH, Hewson I. The Microbial Landscape of Sea Stars and the Anatomical and Interspecies Variability of Their Microbiome. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1829. [PMID: 30150973 PMCID: PMC6099117 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Sea stars are among the most important predators in benthic ecosystems worldwide which is partly attributed to their unique gastrointestinal features and feeding behaviors. Despite their ecological importance, the microbiome of these animals and its influence on adult host health and development largely remains unknown. To begin to understand such interactions we sought to understand what bacteria are associated with these animals, how the microbiome is partitioned across regions of the body and how seawater influences their microbiome. We analyzed the microbiome composition of a geographically and taxonomically diverse set of sea star taxa by using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and compared microorganisms associated with different regions of their body and to their local environment. In addition, we estimated the bacterial and coelomocyte abundance in the sea star coelomic fluid and bacterioplankton abundance in the surrounding seawater via epifluorescence microscopy. The average bacterial cell abundance observed in the coelomic fluid was one to two orders of magnitude lower than the bacterioplankton abundance in the surrounding seawater suggesting a selection against the presence of microorganisms in the coelomic fluid. The sea star microbiome was also significantly different from seawater with relatively few shared microbial taxa. Microbial communities were found to be significantly different between the pyloric caeca, gonads, coelomic fluid, and body wall of the animals. The most noticeable difference between anatomical sites was the greater relative abundance of Spirochaetae and Tenericutes found in hard tissues (gonads, pyloric caeca, and body wall) than in the coelomic fluid. The microbiome of sea stars thus appears to be anatomically partitioned, distinct from the microbial community of seawater and contains a relatively low abundance of bacteria within the coelomic cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot W Jackson
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | | | | | - Daniel H Buckley
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States.,School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Ian Hewson
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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