1
|
Díaz Beltrán L, Madan CR, Finke C, Krohn S, Di Ieva A, Esteban FJ. Fractal Dimension Analysis in Neurological Disorders: An Overview. ADVANCES IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2024; 36:313-328. [PMID: 38468040 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-47606-8_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Fractal analysis has emerged as a powerful tool for characterizing irregular and complex patterns found in the nervous system. This characterization is typically applied by estimating the fractal dimension (FD), a scalar index that describes the topological complexity of the irregular components of the nervous system, both at the macroscopic and microscopic levels, that may be viewed as geometric fractals. Moreover, temporal properties of neurophysiological signals can also be interpreted as dynamic fractals. Given its sensitivity for detecting changes in brain morphology, FD has been explored as a clinically relevant marker of brain damage in several neuropsychiatric conditions as well as in normal and pathological cerebral aging. In this sense, evidence is accumulating for decreases in FD in Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and many other neurological disorders. In addition, it is becoming increasingly clear that fractal analysis in the field of clinical neurology opens the possibility of detecting structural alterations in the early stages of the disease, which highlights FD as a potential diagnostic and prognostic tool in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leticia Díaz Beltrán
- Department of Medical Oncology, Clinical Research Unit, University Hospital of Jaén, Jaén, Spain
| | | | - Carsten Finke
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Krohn
- Department of Neurology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Antonio Di Ieva
- Computational NeuroSurgery (CNS) Lab, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Francisco J Esteban
- Systems Biology Unit, Department of Experimental Biology, University of Jaén, Jaén, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Arutiunian V, Gomozova M, Minnigulova A, Davydova E, Pereverzeva D, Sorokin A, Tyushkevich S, Mamokhina U, Danilina K, Dragoy O. Structural brain abnormalities and their association with language impairment in school-aged children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1172. [PMID: 36670149 PMCID: PMC9860052 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28463-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Language impairment is comorbid in most children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) but its neural basis is poorly understood. Using structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the present study provides the whole-brain comparison of both volume- and surface-based characteristics between groups of children with and without ASD and investigates the relationships between these characteristics in language-related areas and the language abilities of children with ASD measured with standardized tools. A total of 36 school-aged children participated in the study: 18 children with ASD and 18 age- and sex-matched typically developing controls. The results revealed that multiple regions differed between groups of children in gray matter volume, gray matter thickness, gyrification, and cortical complexity (fractal dimension). White matter volume and sulcus depth did not differ between groups of children in any region. Importantly, gray matter thickness and gyrification of language-related areas were related to language functioning in children with ASD. Thus, the results of the present study shed some light on the structural brain abnormalities associated with language impairment in ASD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vardan Arutiunian
- Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 1920 Terry Ave., Seattle, WA, 98101, USA.
| | | | | | - Elizaveta Davydova
- Federal Resource Center for ASD, Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, Moscow, Russia.,Chair of Differential Psychology and Psychophysiology, Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, Moscow, Russia
| | - Darya Pereverzeva
- Federal Resource Center for ASD, Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Sorokin
- Federal Resource Center for ASD, Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, Moscow, Russia.,Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Svetlana Tyushkevich
- Federal Resource Center for ASD, Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, Moscow, Russia
| | - Uliana Mamokhina
- Federal Resource Center for ASD, Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kamilla Danilina
- Federal Resource Center for ASD, Moscow State University of Psychology and Education, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Dragoy
- Center for Language and Brain, HSE University, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Linguistics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen Y, Zuo Y, Kang S, Pan L, Jiang S, Yan A, Li L. Using fractal dimension analysis to assess the effects of normal aging and sex on subregional cortex alterations across the lifespan from a Chinese dataset. Cereb Cortex 2022; 33:5289-5296. [PMID: 36300622 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Fractal dimension (FD) is used to quantify brain structural complexity and is more sensitive to morphological variability than other cortical measures. However, the effects of normal aging and sex on FD are not fully understood. In this study, age- and sex-related differences in FD were investigated in a sample of 448 adults age of 19–80 years from a Chinese dataset. The FD was estimated with the surface-based morphometry (SBM) approach, sex differences were analyzed on a vertex level, and correlations between FD and age were examined. Generalized additive models (GAMs) were used to characterize the trajectories of age-related changes in 68 regions based on the Desikan–Killiany atlas. The SBM results showed sex differences in the entire sample and 3 subgroups defined by age. GAM results demonstrated that the FD values of 51 regions were significantly correlated with age. The trajectories of changes can be classified into 4 main patterns. Our results indicate that sex differences in FD are evident across developmental stages. Age-related trajectories in FD are not homogeneous across the cerebral cortex. Our results extend previous findings and provide a foundation for future investigation of the underlying mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiyong Chen
- Ningbo University School of Medicine, , Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Yizhi Zuo
- Nanjing Medical University Human Anatomy Department, , Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Shaofang Kang
- Ningbo University College of Teacher Education, , Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Liliang Pan
- Ningbo University School of Medicine, , Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Siyu Jiang
- Ningbo University School of Medicine, , Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Aohui Yan
- Ningbo University School of Medicine, , Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Lin Li
- Nanjing Medical University Human Anatomy Department, , Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sexual dimorphism in the relationship between brain complexity, volume and general intelligence (g): a cross-cohort study. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11025. [PMID: 35773463 PMCID: PMC9247090 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15208-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Changes in brain morphology have been reported during development, ageing and in relation to different pathologies. Brain morphology described by the shape complexity of gyri and sulci can be captured and quantified using fractal dimension (FD). This measure of brain structural complexity, as well as brain volume, are associated with intelligence, but less is known about the sexual dimorphism of these relationships. In this paper, sex differences in the relationship between brain structural complexity and general intelligence (g) in two diverse geographic and cultural populations (UK and Indian) are investigated. 3D T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data and a battery of cognitive tests were acquired from participants belonging to three different cohorts: Mysore Parthenon Cohort (MPC); Aberdeen Children of the 1950s (ACONF) and UK Biobank. We computed MRI derived structural brain complexity and g estimated from a battery of cognitive tests for each group. Brain complexity and volume were both positively corelated with intelligence, with the correlations being significant in women but not always in men. This relationship is seen across populations of differing ages and geographical locations and improves understanding of neurobiological sex-differences.
Collapse
|
5
|
Meregalli V, Alberti F, Madan CR, Meneguzzo P, Miola A, Trevisan N, Sambataro F, Favaro A, Collantoni E. Cortical Complexity Estimation Using Fractal Dimension: A Systematic Review of the Literature on Clinical and Nonclinical Samples. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 55:1547-1583. [PMID: 35229388 PMCID: PMC9313853 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Fractal geometry has recently been proposed as a useful tool for characterizing the complexity of the brain cortex, which is likely to derive from the recurrence of sulci–gyri convolution patterns. The index used to describe the cortical complexity is called fractal dimensional (FD) and was employed by different research exploring the neurobiological correlates of distinct pathological and nonpathological conditions. This review aims to describe the literature on the application of this index, summarize the heterogeneities between studies and inform future research on this topic. Sixty‐two studies were included in the systematic review. The main research lines concern neurodevelopment, aging and the neurobiology of specific psychiatric and neurological disorders. Overall, the included papers indicate that cortical complexity is likely to reduce during aging and in various pathological processes affecting the brain. Nevertheless, the high heterogeneity between studies strongly prevents the possibility of drawing conclusions. Further research considering this index besides other morphological values is needed to better clarify the role of FD in characterizing the cortical structure. Fractal dimension (FD) is a useful tool for the assessment of cortical complexity. In healthy controls, FD is associated with development, aging and cognition. Alterations in FD have been observed in different neurological and psychiatric disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Meregalli
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padova, Italy.,Padua Neuroscience Center, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Paolo Meneguzzo
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Miola
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padova, Italy.,Padua Neuroscience Center, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Nicolò Trevisan
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padova, Italy.,Padua Neuroscience Center, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Fabio Sambataro
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padova, Italy.,Padua Neuroscience Center, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Angela Favaro
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padua, Padova, Italy.,Padua Neuroscience Center, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Narayan A, Rowe MA, Palacios EM, Wren-Jarvis J, Bourla I, Gerdes M, Brandes-Aitken A, Desai SS, Marco EJ, Mukherjee P. Altered Cerebellar White Matter in Sensory Processing Dysfunction Is Associated With Impaired Multisensory Integration and Attention. Front Psychol 2021; 11:618436. [PMID: 33613368 PMCID: PMC7888341 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.618436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensory processing dysfunction (SPD) is characterized by a behaviorally observed difference in the response to sensory information from the environment. While the cerebellum is involved in normal sensory processing, it has not yet been examined in SPD. Diffusion tensor imaging scans of children with SPD (n = 42) and typically developing controls (TDC; n = 39) were compared for fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), radial diffusivity (RD), and axial diffusivity (AD) across the following cerebellar tracts: the middle cerebellar peduncles (MCP), superior cerebellar peduncles (SCP), and cerebral peduncles (CP). Compared to TDC, children with SPD show reduced microstructural integrity of the SCP and MCP, characterized by reduced FA and increased MD and RD, which correlates with abnormal auditory behavior, multisensory integration, and attention, but not tactile behavior or direct measures of auditory discrimination. In contradistinction, decreased CP microstructural integrity in SPD correlates with abnormal tactile and auditory behavior and direct measures of auditory discrimination, but not multisensory integration or attention. Hence, altered cerebellar white matter organization is associated with complex sensory behavior and attention in SPD, which prompts further consideration of diagnostic measures and treatments to better serve affected individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anisha Narayan
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Mikaela A Rowe
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Cortica Healthcare, San Rafael, CA, United States
| | - Eva M Palacios
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Jamie Wren-Jarvis
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Ioanna Bourla
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Molly Gerdes
- Cortica Healthcare, San Rafael, CA, United States
| | - Annie Brandes-Aitken
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Shivani S Desai
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Elysa J Marco
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Cortica Healthcare, San Rafael, CA, United States
| | - Pratik Mukherjee
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hodge SM, Haselgrove C, Honor L, Kennedy DN, Frazier JA. An assessment of the autism neuroimaging literature for the prospects of re-executability. F1000Res 2020; 9:1031. [PMID: 33796274 PMCID: PMC7968525 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.25306.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The degree of reproducibility of the neuroimaging literature in psychiatric application areas has been called into question and the issues that relate to this reproducibility are extremely complex. Some of these complexities have to do with the underlying biology of the disorders that we study and others arise due to the technology we apply to the analysis of the data we collect. Ultimately, the observations we make get communicated to the rest of the community through publications in the scientific literature. Methods: We sought to perform a 're-executability survey' to evaluate the recent neuroimaging literature with an eye toward seeing if the technical aspects of our publication practices are helping or hindering the overall quest for a more reproducible understanding of brain development and aging. The topic areas examined include availability of the data, the precision of the imaging method description and the reporting of the statistical analytic approach, and the availability of the complete results. We applied the survey to 50 publications in the autism neuroimaging literature that were published between September 16, 2017 to October 1, 2018. Results: The results of the survey indicate that for the literature examined, data that is not already part of a public repository is rarely available, software tools are usually named but versions and operating system are not, it is expected that reasonably skilled analysts could approximately perform the analyses described, and the complete results of the studies are rarely available. Conclusions: We have identified that there is ample room for improvement in research publication practices. We hope exposing these issues in the retrospective literature can provide guidance and motivation for improving this aspect of our reporting practices in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven M. Hodge
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, 01655, USA
| | - Christian Haselgrove
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, 01655, USA
| | - Leah Honor
- Lamar Soutter Library, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, 01655, USA
| | - David N. Kennedy
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, 01655, USA
| | - Jean A. Frazier
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, 01655, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hodge SM, Haselgrove C, Honor L, Kennedy DN, Frazier JA. An assessment of the autism neuroimaging literature for the prospects of re-executability. F1000Res 2020; 9:1031. [PMID: 33796274 PMCID: PMC7968525 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.25306.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The degree of reproducibility of the neuroimaging literature in psychiatric application areas has been called into question and the issues that relate to this reproducibility are extremely complex. Some of these complexities have to do with the underlying biology of the disorders that we study and others arise due to the technology we apply to the analysis of the data we collect. Ultimately, the observations we make get communicated to the rest of the community through publications in the scientific literature. Methods: We sought to perform a 're-executability survey' to evaluate the recent neuroimaging literature with an eye toward seeing if our publication practices are helping or hindering the overall quest for a more reproducible understanding of brain development and aging. The topic areas examined include availability of the data, the precision of the imaging method description and the reporting of the statistical analytic approach, and the availability of the complete results. We applied the survey to 50 publications in the autism neuroimaging literature that were published between September 16, 2017 to October 1, 2018. Results: The results of the survey indicate that for the literature examined, data that is not already part of a public repository is rarely available, software tools are usually named but versions and operating system are not, it is expected that reasonably skilled analysts could approximately perform the analyses described, and the complete results of the studies are rarely available. Conclusions: We have identified that there is ample room for improvement in research publication practices. We hope exposing these issues in the retrospective literature can provide guidance and motivation for improving this aspect of our reporting practices in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven M. Hodge
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, 01655, USA
| | - Christian Haselgrove
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, 01655, USA
| | - Leah Honor
- Lamar Soutter Library, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, 01655, USA
| | - David N. Kennedy
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, 01655, USA
| | - Jean A. Frazier
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, 01655, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ashitha SNM, Ramachandra NB. Integrated Functional Analysis Implicates Syndromic and Rare Copy Number Variation Genes as Prominent Molecular Players in Pathogenesis of Autism Spectrum Disorders. Neuroscience 2020; 438:25-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
10
|
Seabra CM, Aneichyk T, Erdin S, Tai DJC, De Esch CEF, Razaz P, An Y, Manavalan P, Ragavendran A, Stortchevoi A, Abad C, Young JI, Maciel P, Talkowski ME, Gusella JF. Transcriptional consequences of MBD5 disruption in mouse brain and CRISPR-derived neurons. Mol Autism 2020; 11:45. [PMID: 32503625 PMCID: PMC7275313 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-020-00354-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MBD5, encoding the methyl-CpG-binding domain 5 protein, has been proposed as a necessary and sufficient driver of the 2q23.1 microdeletion syndrome. De novo missense and protein-truncating variants from exome sequencing studies have directly implicated MBD5 in the etiology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and related neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs). However, little is known concerning the specific function(s) of MBD5. METHODS To gain insight into the complex interactions associated with alteration of MBD5 in individuals with ASD and related NDDs, we explored the transcriptional landscape of MBD5 haploinsufficiency across multiple mouse brain regions of a heterozygous hypomorphic Mbd5+/GT mouse model, and compared these results to CRISPR-mediated mutations of MBD5 in human iPSC-derived neuronal models. RESULTS Gene expression analyses across three brain regions from Mbd5+/GT mice showed subtle transcriptional changes, with cortex displaying the most widespread changes following Mbd5 reduction, indicating context-dependent effects. Comparison with MBD5 reduction in human neuronal cells reinforced the context-dependence of gene expression changes due to MBD5 deficiency. Gene co-expression network analyses revealed gene clusters that were associated with reduced MBD5 expression and enriched for terms related to ciliary function. LIMITATIONS These analyses included a limited number of mouse brain regions and neuronal models, and the effects of the gene knockdown are subtle. As such, these results will not reflect the full extent of MBD5 disruption across human brain regions during early neurodevelopment in ASD, or capture the diverse spectrum of cell-type-specific changes associated with MBD5 alterations. CONCLUSIONS Our study points to modest and context-dependent transcriptional consequences of Mbd5 disruption in the brain. It also suggests a possible link between MBD5 and perturbations in ciliary function, which is an established pathogenic mechanism in developmental disorders and syndromes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catarina M Seabra
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,GABBA Program - Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Tatsiana Aneichyk
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Independent Data Lab UG, Munich, Germany
| | - Serkan Erdin
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Derek J C Tai
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Celine E F De Esch
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Parisa Razaz
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yu An
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Poornima Manavalan
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ashok Ragavendran
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Center for Computational Biology of Human Disease & Center for Computation and Visualization, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Alexei Stortchevoi
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clemer Abad
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Juan I Young
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Patricia Maciel
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Michael E Talkowski
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - James F Gusella
- Molecular Neurogenetics Unit, Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. .,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA. .,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sendhilnathan N, Semework M, Goldberg ME, Ipata AE. Neural Correlates of Reinforcement Learning in Mid-lateral Cerebellum. Neuron 2020; 106:188-198.e5. [PMID: 32001108 PMCID: PMC8015782 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The role of the cerebellum in non-motor learning is poorly understood. Here, we investigated the activity of Purkinje cells (P-cells) in the mid-lateral cerebellum as the monkey learned to associate one arbitrary symbol with the movement of the left hand and another with the movement of the right hand. During learning, but not when the monkey had learned the association, the simple spike responses of P-cells reported the outcome of the animal's most recent decision without concomitant changes in other sensorimotor parameters such as hand movement, licking, or eye movement. At the population level, P-cells collectively maintained a memory of the most recent decision throughout the entire trial. As the monkeys learned the association, the magnitude of this reward-related error signal approached zero. Our results provide a major departure from the current understanding of cerebellar processing and have critical implications for cerebellum's role in cognitive control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naveen Sendhilnathan
- Doctoral Program in Neurobiology and Behavior, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Mahoney Center for Brain and Behavior Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Zuckerman Mind, Brain, and Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Mulugeta Semework
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Mahoney Center for Brain and Behavior Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Zuckerman Mind, Brain, and Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael E Goldberg
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Mahoney Center for Brain and Behavior Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Zuckerman Mind, Brain, and Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Neurology, Psychiatry, and Ophthalmology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anna E Ipata
- Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Mahoney Center for Brain and Behavior Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Zuckerman Mind, Brain, and Behavior Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Age attenuates noise and increases symmetry of head movements during sleep resting-state fMRI in healthy neonates, infants, and toddlers. Infant Behav Dev 2019; 57:101317. [DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
13
|
Carta I, Chen CH, Schott AL, Dorizan S, Khodakhah K. Cerebellar modulation of the reward circuitry and social behavior. Science 2019; 363:363/6424/eaav0581. [PMID: 30655412 DOI: 10.1126/science.aav0581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 62.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The cerebellum has been implicated in a number of nonmotor mental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, and addiction. However, its contribution to these disorders is not well understood. In mice, we found that the cerebellum sends direct excitatory projections to the ventral tegmental area (VTA), one of the brain regions that processes and encodes reward. Optogenetic activation of the cerebello-VTA projections was rewarding and, in a three-chamber social task, these projections were more active when the animal explored the social chamber. Intriguingly, activity in the cerebello-VTA pathway was required for the mice to show social preference in this task. Our data delineate a major, previously unappreciated role for the cerebellum in controlling the reward circuitry and social behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Carta
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Christopher H Chen
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Amanda L Schott
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Schnaude Dorizan
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| | - Kamran Khodakhah
- Dominick P. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA.,Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY 10461, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Honma M, Itoi C, Midorikawa A, Terao Y, Masaoka Y, Kuroda T, Futamura A, Shiromaru A, Ohta H, Kato N, Kawamura M, Ono K. Contraction of distance and duration production in autism spectrum disorder. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8806. [PMID: 31217506 PMCID: PMC6584662 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45250-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) presents certain hallmark features associated with cognitive and social functions, however, the ability to estimate self-generated distance and duration in individuals with ASD are unclear. We compared the performance of 20 ASD individuals with 20 typical developments (TDs) with respect to two tasks: (1) the drawing of a line of a specified distance (10 or 20 cm) and (2) waiting for a specified time (10 or 20 s). We observed that both the line distances and waiting times were substantially shorter in the ASD group than in the TD group. Furthermore, a trait of "attention to detail," as measured by the Autism-Spectrum Quotient, correlated with some distance and duration productions observed in individuals with ASD. We suggest that attentional functions are related to the contraction of distance and duration in ASD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Motoyasu Honma
- Department of Physiology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Chihiro Itoi
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Letters, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akira Midorikawa
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Letters, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Terao
- Department of Physiology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuri Masaoka
- Department of Physiology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kuroda
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akinori Futamura
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Azusa Shiromaru
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruhisa Ohta
- Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobumasa Kato
- Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Kawamura
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Ono
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ning Z, Williams JM, Kumari R, Baranov PV, Moore T. Opposite Expression Patterns of Spry3 and p75NTR in Cerebellar Vermis Suggest a Male-Specific Mechanism of Autism Pathogenesis. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:416. [PMID: 31275178 PMCID: PMC6591651 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Autism is a genetically complex neurobehavioral disorder with a population prevalence of more than 1%. Cerebellar abnormalities, including Purkinje cell deficits in the vermis, are consistently reported, and rodent models of cerebellar dysfunction exhibit features analogous to human autism. We previously analyzed the regulation and expression of the pseudoautosomal region 2 gene SPRY3, which is adjacent to X chromosome-linked TMLHE, a known autism susceptibility gene. SPRY3 is a regulator of branching morphogenesis and is strongly expressed in Purkinje cells. We previously showed that mouse Spry3 is not expressed in cerebellar vermis lobules VI-VII and X, regions which exhibit significant Purkinje cell loss or abnormalities in autism. However, these lobules have relatively high expression of p75NTR, which encodes a neurotrophin receptor implicated in autism. We propose a mechanism whereby inappropriate SPRY3 expression in these lobules could interact with TrkB and p75NTR signaling pathways resulting in Purkinje cell pathology. We report preliminary characterization of X and Y chromosome-linked regulatory sequences upstream of SPRY3, which are polymorphic in the general population. We suggest that an OREG-annotated region on chromosome Yq12 ∼60 kb from SPRY3 acts as a silencer of Y-linked SPRY3 expression. Deletion of a β-satellite repeat, or alterations in chromatin structure in this region due to trans-acting factors, could affect the proposed silencing function, leading to reactivation and inappropriate expression of Y-linked SPRY3. This proposed male-specific mechanism could contribute to the male bias in autism prevalence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tom Moore
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|