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Kaur R, Suresh PK. Chemoresistance Mechanisms in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer-Opportunities for Drug Repurposing. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:4382-4438. [PMID: 37721630 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04595-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Globally, lung cancer contributes significantly to the public health burden-associated mortality. As this form of cancer is insidious in nature, there is an inevitable diagnostic delay leading to chronic tumor development. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) constitutes 80-85% of all lung cancer cases, making this neoplasia form a prevalent subset of lung carcinoma. One of the most vital aspects for proper diagnosis, prognosis, and adequate therapy is the precise classification of non-small cell lung cancer based on biomarker expression profiling. This form of biomarker profiling has provided opportunities for improvements in patient stratification, mechanistic insights, and probable druggable targets. However, numerous patients have exhibited numerous toxic side effects, tumor relapse, and development of therapy-based chemoresistance. As a result of these exacting situations, there is a dire need for efficient and effective new cancer therapeutics. De novo drug development approach is a costly and tedious endeavor, with an increased attrition rate, attributed, in part, to toxicity-related issues. Drug repurposing, on the other hand, when combined with computer-assisted systems biology approach, provides alternatives to the discovery of new, efficacious, and safe drugs. Therefore, in this review, we focus on a comparison of the conventional therapy-based chemoresistance mechanisms with the repurposed anti-cancer drugs from three different classes-anti-parasitic, anti-depressants, and anti-psychotics for cancer treatment with a primary focus on NSCLC therapeutics. Certainly, amalgamating these novel therapeutic approaches with that of the conventional drug regimen in NSCLC-affected patients will possibly complement/synergize the existing therapeutic modalities. This approach has tremendous translational significance, since it can combat drug resistance and cytotoxicity-based side effects and provides a relatively new strategy for possible application in therapy of individuals with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajdeep Kaur
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P K Suresh
- Department of Bio-Medical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore, 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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2
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Saleh AA, Elghobashy YA, Kasemy ZA, Hegazy A, ALrefai AA. Impact of Dysregulated LINC01559 and LINC01410 Expression on the Diagnosis and Survival of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Biochem Genet 2024:10.1007/s10528-023-10632-1. [PMID: 38265621 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-023-10632-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a widely recognized cancer with a very low survival rate, as it is mostly diagnosed at advanced stages. The most prevalent type of lung cancer is non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). LncRNAs are widely involved in cancer progression and migration. Therefore, we intended to estimate the circulatory expression levels of LINC01559 and LINC01410 in NSCLC and their roles in tumor prognosis evaluation as less invasive potential markers. The relative expression levels of the plasma cell-free lncRNAs LINC01559 and LINC01410 in seventy patients with NSCLC and seventy healthy subjects as controls were measured by real-time PCR. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were utilized to measure carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) concentrations. The LINC01559 and LINC01410 expression levels were significantly increased in NSCLC patients versus controls. Both lncRNAs showed good performance in the ROC curve analysis with high sensitivity and specificity for distinguishing patients from controls. LINC01559 had the highest AUC in the ROC curve analysis (0.96, 95 CI% CI: 0.93-0.99) for distinguishing patients from controls, while LINC01410 had the highest AUC (0.77, 95 CI% CI: 0.65-0.89) for differentiating metastatic tumors from nonmetastatic tumors. High expression levels of LINC01410 and LINC01559 were associated with low overall survival (log rank = 47.04 and 28.18, respectively, P < 0.001) and low progression-free survival (log rank = 40.68 and 28.77, respectively (P < 0.001)) and with the presence of metastasis. We suggest that LINC01559 and LINC01410 can be used as valuable, high-performing biomarkers in NSCLC diagnosis and prognosis prediction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amany A Saleh
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Department, Menoufia University, Shibin Al Kawm, Egypt.
- Medical Surgical Nursing Department, College of Nursing, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Yasser A Elghobashy
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Department, Menoufia University, Shibin Al Kawm, Egypt
| | - Zeinab A Kasemy
- Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Community Medicine Department, Menoufia University, Shibin Al Kawm, Egypt
| | - Amira Hegazy
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinical Oncology and Nuclear Medicine Department, Menoufia University, Shibin Al Kawm, Egypt
| | - Abeer A ALrefai
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Department, Menoufia University, Shibin Al Kawm, Egypt
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3
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Zhang L, Ludden CM, Cullen AJ, Tew KD, Branco de Barros AL, Townsend DM. Nuclear factor kappa B expression in non-small cell lung cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115459. [PMID: 37716117 PMCID: PMC10591792 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In this mini-review, we discuss the role of NF-κB, a proinflammatory transcription factor, in the expression of genes involved in inflammation, proliferation, and apoptosis pathways, and link it with prognosis of various human cancers, particularly non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We and others have shown that NF-κB activity can be impacted by post-translational S-glutathionylation through reversible formation of a mixed disulfide bond between its cysteine residues and glutathione (GSH). Clinical data analysis showed that high expression of NF-κB correlated with shorter overall survival (OS) in NSCLC patients, suggesting a tumor promotion function for NF-κB. Moreover, NF-κB expression was associated with tumor stage, lymph node metastasis, and 5-year OS in these patients. NF-κB was over-expressed in the cytoplasm of tumor tissue compared to adjacent normal tissues. S-glutathionylation of NF-κB caused negative regulation by interfering with DNA binding activities of NF-κB subunits. In response to oxidants, S-glutathionylation of NF-κB also correlated with enhanced lung inflammation. Thus, S-glutathionylation is an important contributor to NF-κB regulation and clinical results highlight the importance of NF-κB in NSCLC, where NF-κB levels are associated with unfavorable prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Zhang
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Claudia M Ludden
- Department of Drug Discovery and Experimental Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Alexander J Cullen
- Department of Drug Discovery and Experimental Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Kenneth D Tew
- Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - André Luís Branco de Barros
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Danyelle M Townsend
- Department of Drug Discovery and Experimental Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
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4
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Xiao W, Xu Y, Baak JP, Dai J, Jing L, Zhu H, Gan Y, Zheng S. Network module analysis and molecular docking-based study on the mechanism of astragali radix against non-small cell lung cancer. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:345. [PMID: 37770919 PMCID: PMC10537544 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04148-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most lung cancer patients worldwide (stage IV non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC) have a poor survival: 25%-30% patients die < 3 months. Yet, of those surviving > 3 months, 10%-15% patients survive (very) long. Astragali radix (AR) is an effective traditional Chinese medicine widely used for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the pharmacological mechanisms of AR on NSCLC remain to be elucidated. METHODS Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography system coupled with Q-Orbitrap HRMS (UPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS) was performed for the qualitative analysis of AR components. Then, network module analysis and molecular docking-based approach was conducted to explore underlying mechanisms of AR on NSCLC. The target genes of AR were obtained from four databases including TCMSP (Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology) database, ETCM (The Encyclopedia of TCM) database, HERB (A high-throughput experiment- and reference-guided database of TCM) database and BATMAN-TCM (a Bioinformatics Analysis Tool for Molecular mechanism of TCM) database. NSCLC related genes were screened by GEO (Gene Expression Omnibus) database. The STRING database was used for protein interaction network construction (PIN) of AR-NSCLC shared target genes. The critical PIN were further constructed based on the topological properties of network nodes. Afterwards the hub genes and network modules were analyzed, and enrichment analysis were employed by the R package clusterProfiler. The Autodock Vina was utilized for molecular docking, and the Gromacs was utilized for molecular dynamics simulations Furthermore, the survival analysis was performed based on TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) database. RESULTS Seventy-seven AR components absorbed in blood were obtained. The critical network was constructed with 1447 nodes and 28,890 edges. Based on topological analysis, 6 hub target genes and 7 functional modules were gained. were obtained including TP53, SRC, UBC, CTNNB1, EP300, and RELA. After module analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed that AR may exert therapeutic effects on NSCLC by regulating JAK-STAT signaling pathway, PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, ErbB signaling pathway, as well as NFkB signaling pathway. After the intersection calculation of the hub targets and the proteins participated in the above pathways, TP53, SRC, EP300, and RELA were obtained. These proteins had good docking affinity with astragaloside IV. Furthermore, RELA was associated with poor prognosis of NSCLC patients. CONCLUSIONS This study could provide chemical component information references for further researches. The potential pharmacological mechanisms of AR on NSCLC were elucidated, promoting the clinical application of AR in treating NSCLC. RELA was selected as a promising candidate biomarker affecting the prognosis of NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenke Xiao
- School of Intelligent Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yaxin Xu
- School of Intelligent Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Jan P Baak
- Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, 4068, Norway
- Dr. Med Jan Baak AS, Tananger, 4056, Norway
| | - Jinrong Dai
- School of Intelligent Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Lijia Jing
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Hongxia Zhu
- School of Intelligent Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yanxiong Gan
- School of Intelligent Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Shichao Zheng
- School of Intelligent Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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5
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Kiełbowski K, Ptaszyński K, Wójcik J, Wojtyś ME. The role of selected non-coding RNAs in the biology of non-small cell lung cancer. Adv Med Sci 2023; 68:121-137. [PMID: 36933328 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2023.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer worldwide and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) represents 85% of all cases. Accumulating evidence highlights the outstanding role of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) in regulating the tumorigenesis process by modulating crucial signaling pathways. Micro RNA (miRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and circular RNA (circRNA) are either up- or downregulated in lung cancer patients and can promote or suppress the progression of the disease. These molecules interact with messenger RNA (mRNA) and with each other to regulate gene expression and stimulate proto-oncogenes or silence tumor suppressors. NcRNAs provide a new strategy to diagnose or treat lung cancer patients and multiple molecules have already been identified as potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets. The aim of this review is to summarize the current evidence on the roles of miRNA, lncRNA and circRNA in NSCLC biology and present their clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kajetan Kiełbowski
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Transplantation, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Konrad Ptaszyński
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Janusz Wójcik
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Transplantation, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Edyta Wojtyś
- Department of Thoracic Surgery and Transplantation, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland.
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Kannaujiya VK, De Rubis G, Paudel KR, Manandhar B, Chellappan DK, Singh SK, MacLoughlin R, Gupta G, Xenaki D, Kumar P, Hansbro PM, Oliver BGG, Wich PR, Dua K. Anticancer activity of NFκB decoy oligonucleotide-loaded nanoparticles against human lung cancer. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2023.104328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
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7
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Li Y, Azmi AS, Mohammad RM. Deregulated transcription factors and poor clinical outcomes in cancer patients. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 86:122-134. [PMID: 35940398 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factors are a group of proteins, which possess DNA-binding domains, bind to DNA strands of promoters or enhancers, and initiate transcription of genes with cooperation of RNA polymerase and other co-factors. They play crucial roles in regulating transcription during embryogenesis and development. Their physiological status in different cell types is also important to maintain cellular homeostasis. Therefore, any deregulation of transcription factors will lead to the development of cancer cells and tumor progression. Based on their functions in cancer cells, transcription factors could be either oncogenic or tumor suppressive. Furthermore, transcription factors have been shown to modulate cancer stem cells, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and drug response; therefore, measuring deregulated transcription factors is hypothesized to predict treatment outcomes of patients with cancers and targeting deregulated transcription factors could be an encouraging strategy for cancer therapy. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of major deregulated transcription factors and their effects on causing poor clinical outcome of patients with cancer. The information presented here will help to predict the prognosis and drug response and to design novel drugs and therapeutic strategies for the treatment of cancers by targeting deregulated transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Li
- Karmanos Cancer Institute and Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Asfar S Azmi
- Karmanos Cancer Institute and Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ramzi M Mohammad
- Karmanos Cancer Institute and Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.
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8
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V SK, S J, S S, K P, S N, T D. Vanillic acid attenuates cell proliferation, xenobiotic enzyme activity, and the status of pulmonary mitochondrial enzymes in lung carcinoma. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14366. [PMID: 36005922 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the study is to determine the anti-proliferative and mitochondrial status of benzo(a)pyrene-induced lung cancer in Swiss albino mice, as well as the modulatory effect of vanillic acid on it. B(a)P had altered levels of lysosomal enzymes, xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes, cell proliferation, inflammation, and mitochondrial abnormalities, whereas treatment with VA treatment significantly reversed the aforementioned activities. According to the findings, VA greatly reduces lung carcinogenesis by restoring antioxidants and xenobiotic-enzyme levels, consequently proving to be an anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory drug against lung cancer in mice. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: As we all know, lung cancer is on the rise all over the world. A recent study demonstrated that vanillic acid protects against B(a)P in experimental mice. According to the findings, VA considerably suppresses lung carcinogenesis by restoring lysosomal enzyme levels, xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme levels, and mitochondrial activities, effectively functioning as an anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory therapy against lung cancer. According to the most recent study, vanillic acid can be used as a defensive medicine in the treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathesh Kanna V
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, India
| | - Jagan S
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, India
| | - Sharmila S
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, India
| | - Palanisamy K
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, India
| | - Nirmala S
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, India
| | - Devaki T
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, India
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9
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Xiao Q, Koutsilieri S, Sismanoglou DC, Lauschke VM. CFTR reduces the proliferation of lung adenocarcinoma and is a strong predictor of survival in both smokers and non-smokers. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022; 148:3293-3302. [PMID: 35715537 PMCID: PMC9587080 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04106-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Background One of the main hurdles of oncological therapy is the development of drug resistance. The ABC transporter gene family contributes majorly to cancer chemoresistance. However, effects of somatic expression of most ABC transporters on cancer outcomes remain largely unclear. Methods We systematically analyzed expression signatures of all 48 human ABC transporters in samples from 8562 patients across 14 different cancer types. The association between CFTR (ABCC7) expression and outcomes was analyzed experimentally using knock-downs and pharmacological CFTR stimulation. Results Across 720 analyzed clinical associations with patient outcomes, 363 were nominally significant of which 29 remained significant after stringent Bonferroni correction. Among those were various previously known associations, as well as a multitude of novel factors that correlated with poor prognosis or predicted improved outcomes. The association between low CFTR levels and reduced survival in lung adenocarcinoma was confirmed in two independent cohorts of 246 patients with a history of smoking (logrank P = 0.0021, hazard ratio [HR], 0.49) and 143 never-smokers (logrank P = 0.0023, HR 0.31). Further in vitro experiments using naturally CFTR expressing lung adenocarcinoma cells showed that treatment with CFTR potentiators significantly reduced proliferation at therapeutically relevant concentrations. Conclusions These results suggest that CFTR acts as a pharmacologically activatable tumor suppressor and constitutes a promising target for adjuvant therapy in lung adenocarcinoma. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00432-022-04106-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyang Xiao
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefania Koutsilieri
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Despoina-Christina Sismanoglou
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Pharmacy, University of Patras School of Health Sciences, Patras, Greece
| | - Volker M Lauschke
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Dr Margarete Fischer-Bosch Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany. .,University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
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10
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Rawat L, Nayak V. Piperlongumine induces ROS mediated apoptosis by transcriptional regulation of SMAD4/P21/P53 genes and synergizes with doxorubicin in osteosarcoma cells. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 354:109832. [PMID: 35085581 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Piperlongumine is a herbal drug, with well-known anti-microbial and anti-neoplastic properties. The anti-carcinogenic potential of piperlongumine has been extensively explored for breast, colorectal, lungs, pancreatic, prostate, and oral carcinoma. However, a few numbers of studies are available on its bio-activity in osteosarcoma. Therefore, the present study aimed at exploring the therapeutic potential and possible mechanisms of action of piperlongumine in three human osteosarcoma cell lines in-vitro. The cytotoxicity of piperlongumine was determined by MTT assay, which shows dose and time-dependent inhibition of MG-63, 143B and KHOS/NP cells. Piperlongumine arrest the cells in G2/M phase of cell cycle and increases reactive oxygen species production, which possibly leads to lethal oxidative stress and apoptosis. Piperlongumine treatment significantly upregulated the expression of genes BAX, P21, P53, and SMAD4; while the BCL-2, SURVIVIN, TNFA, and NFKB genes expression was found down-regulated. Furthermore, piperlongumine exposure inhibited the migration of osteosarcoma cells as the expression of migration marker genes CDH2, CTNNB1, FN1, and TWIST were found to be down-regulated. The drug combination studies show the synergistic effect of piperlongumine with the conventional chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin in osteosarcoma cells. Taken together, the above results suggest that PL displays anticancer properties against osteosarcoma and can be used as a therapeutic agent for osteosarcoma treatment in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laxminarayan Rawat
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, K.K. Birla Goa Campus, NH-17B, Zuarinagar, Goa, 403726, India.
| | - Vijayashree Nayak
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, K.K. Birla Goa Campus, NH-17B, Zuarinagar, Goa, 403726, India.
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Majumder D, Sarkar C, Debnath R, Tribedi P, Maiti D. Mechanistic insight into the synergism of IL-27 and IL-28B in regulation of benzo(a)pyrene-induced lung carcinogenesis associated ROS/NF-κB/NLRP3 crosstalk. Chem Biol Interact 2022; 354:109807. [PMID: 34999049 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.109807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIM Our previous work depicted that benzo(a)pyrene (BaP)-induced lung cancer associated pulmonary redox imbalance and inflammation were effectively regulated by the combinatorial treatment of IL-27 and IL-28B. So in continuation of that finding the present study was designed to reveal the inflammation regulating signaling network modulated by IL-27 and IL-28B treatment related to BaP-induced lung cancer. METHODS Male Swiss albino mice were treated with BaP to induce lung tumor. Then they received individual as well as combinatorial treatment of IL-27 and IL-28B. At the end of the experimental schedule, the expression of NF-κB signaling proteins, the formation of NLRP3 inflammasome complex and IL-18; IL-17A expression in the lung were observed using Western blot and RT-PCR. The tissue and serum levels of some proinflammatory cytokines were also studied using ELISA. Mast cell density was also studied using toluidine blue staining procedure. RESULTS Treatment with IL-27 or IL-28B alone was successful to regulate the expression of NF-κB signaling proteins and NLRP3 complex in some cases but best attenuation was observed in animals who received both IL-27 and IL-28B in combination. In combination, it was successful in down-regulating the expression of p-ERK1/2 and in reducing the accumulation of mast cells in the lung tissue associated with BaP-induced lung carcinogenesis. The impaired PPARγ expression was also reinstated upon combination treatment. CONCLUSION Altogether, the treatment in combination with IL-27 and IL-28B is an effective regimen to attenuate the ROS/NF-κB/NLRP3 axis associated with BaP-induced lung carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debabrata Majumder
- Immunology Microbiology Lab, Department of Human Physiology, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Tripura, 799022 , India.
| | - Chaitali Sarkar
- Immunology Microbiology Lab, Department of Human Physiology, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Tripura, 799022 , India.
| | - Rahul Debnath
- Immunology Microbiology Lab, Department of Human Physiology, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Tripura, 799022 , India.
| | - Prosun Tribedi
- Department of Biotechnology, Jhinger Pole, Diamond Harbour Rd, Sarisha, West Bengal, 743368, India.
| | - Debasish Maiti
- Immunology Microbiology Lab, Department of Human Physiology, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar, Tripura, 799022 , India.
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Ho JY, Lu HY, Cheng HH, Kuo YC, Lee YLA, Cheng CH. UBE2S activates NF-κB signaling by binding with IκBα and promotes metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma cells. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2021; 44:1325-1338. [PMID: 34582005 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-021-00639-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling in cancer cells has been reported to be involved in tumorigenesis. Phosphorylation and degradation of inhibitor of NF-κBα (IκBα) is a canonical pathway of NF-κB signaling. Here, we aimed to identify and characterize noncanonical activation of NF-κB signaling by ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme E2S (UBE2S) in lung adenocarcinoma cells. METHODS TCGA and the Human Atlas Protein Database were used to analyze the survival rate of lung adenocarcinoma patients in conjunction with UBE2S expression. In addition, PC9, H460, H441 and A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells were used in this study. PC9 and H460 cells were selected for further analysis because they expressed different UBE2S protein levels. Specific IKK inhibitors, PS1145 and SC514, were used to assess IκBα phosphorylation. Western blot analysis was used to assess protein levels in PC9 and H460 cells. A scratch wound-healing assay was used to analyze the migrative abilities of PC9 and H460 cells. Overexpression and knockdown of UBE2S in H460 and PC9 cells were used to analyze their effects on downstream protein levels. Immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescent staining, glutathione S transferase (GST) pull-down and in vitro binding assays were used to analyze the interaction between UBE2S and IκBα. A luciferase assay was used to analyze activation of NF-κB signaling regulated by UBE2S. An in vivo zebrafish xenograft model was used to assess metastasis of PC9 cells regulated by UBE2S. RESULTS We found that UBE2S expression in lung adenocarcinoma patients was negatively related to survival rate. The protein level of UBE2S was higher in PC9 cells than in H460 cells, which was opposite to that observed for IκBα. PC9 cells showed a higher UBE2S expression and migrative ability than H460 cells. Phosphorylation of IκBα was not changed by treatment with the IKK-specific inhibitors PS1145 and SC514 in PC9 and H460 cells. Overexpression and knockdown of UBE2S in H460 and PC9 cells revealed that the protein levels of IκBα were inversely regulated. Immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescent staining, GST pull-down and in vitro binding assays revealed direct binding of UBE2S with IκBα. Nuclear P65 protein levels and luciferase assays showed that NF-κB signaling was regulated by UBE2S. The expression of epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT) markers and the migrative ability of lung adenocarcinoma cells were also regulated by UBE2S. A zebrafish xenograft tumor model showed a reduction in the metastasis of PC9 cells that was induced by UBE2S knockdown. CONCLUSIONS Higher UBE2S expression in lung adenocarcinomas may lead to increased binding with IκBα to activate NF-κB signaling and promote adenocarcinoma cell metastasis. UBE2S may serve as a potential therapeutic target for lung adenocarcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhih-Yun Ho
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ying Lu
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Hsien Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chieh Kuo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lin Amy Lee
- Departments of Medicine and Pediatrics, Duke University Hospital, Durham, NC, 27704, USA
| | - Chia-Hsiung Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wuxing Street, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, 11031, Taipei, Taiwan.
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13
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Renaldi K, Simadibrata M, Rahadiani N, Rini Handjari D, William A, Sinuraya F, Makmun D. Prognostic Value of COX-2, NF-κB, and Sp1 Tissue Expressions in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. THE TURKISH JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF TURKISH SOCIETY OF GASTROENTEROLOGY 2021; 32:956-970. [PMID: 34872897 PMCID: PMC8975516 DOI: 10.5152/tjg.2021.211106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is deadly cancer with a poor prognosis. Molecular prognostic markers are needed to predict the patient's survival. The cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme (COX-2) and its 2 major transcription factors--nuclear factorkappa B (NF-κB) and specificity protein 1 (Sp1)--are activated during inflammation caused by neoplasia. Several studies have investigated the association between the COX-2, NF-κB, and Sp1 tissue expressions with the patient's overall survival. Therefore, we conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate those studies. METHODS We searched for relevant articles from the MEDLINE database through June 2020. Studies were eligible if they included dichotomized tissue protein expression status and the overall survival as the outcome. We used RevMan and ProMeta programs to perform the meta-analysis. RESULTS We identified 11 eligible studies. The meta-analysis showed that COX-2 tissue expression was associated with decreased overall survival (crude HR = 1.35; 95% CI, 1.05-1.74), although the result was not significant when controlling for other covariates. The NF-κB tissue expression was associated with decreased overall survival (crude HR = 2.18; 95% CI, 1.49-3.18), although it was not significant when controlling for other covariates. The Sp1 tissue expression showed significantly decreased overall survival even when adjusted with other covariates (aHR = 3.47; 95% CI, 1.52-7.94). The limitations included searching only for English publications and the substantial heterogeneity among the studies. CONCLUSION COX-2, NF-κB, and Sp1 tissue expressions have the potential to be used as prognostic markers in PDAC. Further studies are still needed to clarify the associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaka Renaldi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia/Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Marcellus Simadibrata
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia/Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Nur Rahadiani
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepato Billiary Pathology, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia/Cipto Mangunkusumo National Referral Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Diah Rini Handjari
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepato Billiary Pathology, Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia/Cipto Mangunkusumo National Referral Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Andy William
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Fira Sinuraya
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dadang Makmun
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia/Cipto Mangunkusumo National General Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
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14
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Aloe C, Wang H, Vlahos R, Irving L, Steinfort D, Bozinovski S. Emerging and multifaceted role of neutrophils in lung cancer. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2021; 10:2806-2818. [PMID: 34295679 PMCID: PMC8264329 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-20-760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
It has long been recognized that cigarette smoking is a shared risk factor for lung cancer and the debilitating lung disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). As the severity of COPD increases, so does the risk for developing lung cancer, independently of pack years smoked. Neutrophilic inflammation increases with COPD severity and anti-inflammatories such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can modulate neutrophil function and cancer risk. This review discusses the biology of tumour associated neutrophils (TANs) in lung cancer, which increase in density with tumour progression, particularly in smokers with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). It is now increasingly recognized that neutrophils are responsive to the tumour microenvironment (TME) and polarize into distinct phenotypes that operate in an anti- (N1) or pro-tumorigenic (N2) manner. Intriguingly, the emergence of the pro-tumorigenic N2 phenotype increases with tumour growth, to suggest that cancer cells and the surrounding stroma can re-educate neutrophils. The neutrophil itself is a potent source of reactive oxygen species (ROS), arginase, proteases and cytokines that paradoxically can exert a potent immunosuppressive effect on lymphocytes including cytotoxic T cells (CTLs). Indeed, the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a systemic biomarker that is elevated in lung cancer patients and prognostic for poor survival outcomes. Herein, we review the molecular mechanisms by which neutrophil derived mediators can suppress CTL function. Selective therapeutic strategies designed to suppress pathogenic neutrophils in NSCLC may cooperate with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) to increase CTL killing of cancer cells in the TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Aloe
- School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ross Vlahos
- School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Louis Irving
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Daniel Steinfort
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Steven Bozinovski
- School of Health & Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
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15
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Vallespi MG, Mestre B, Marrero MA, Uranga R, Rey D, Lugiollo M, Betancourt M, Silva K, Corrales D, Lamadrid Y, Rodriguez Y, Maceo A, Chaviano PP, Lemos G, Cabrales A, Freyre FM, Santana H, Garay HE, Oliva B, Fernandez JR. A first-in-class, first-in-human, phase I trial of CIGB-552, a synthetic peptide targeting COMMD1 to inhibit the oncogenic activity of NF-κB in patients with advanced solid tumors. Int J Cancer 2021; 149:1313-1321. [PMID: 34019700 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
CIGB-552 is a synthetic peptide that interacts with COMMD1 and upregulates its protein levels. The objectives of this phase I study were safety, pharmacokinetic profile, evaluation of the lymphocytes CD4+ and CD8+ and preliminary activity in patients with advanced tumors. A 3 + 3 dose-escalation design with seven dose levels was implemented. Patients were included until a grade 3 related adverse event occurred and the maximum tolerated dose was reached. The patients received subcutaneous administration of CIGB-552 three times per week for 2 weeks. Single-dose plasma pharmacokinetics was characterized at two dose levels, and tumor responses were classified by RECIST 1.1. Twenty-four patients received CIGB-552. Dose-limiting toxicity was associated with a transient grade 3 pruritic maculopapular rash at a dose of 7.0 mg. The maximum tolerated dose was defined as 4.7 mg. Ten patients were assessable for immunological status. Seven patients had significant changes in the ratio CD4/CD8 in response to CIGB-552 treatment; three patients did not modify the immunological status. Stable disease was observed in five patients, including two metastatic soft sarcomas. We conclude that CIGB-552 at dose 4.7 mg was well tolerated with no significant adverse events and appeared to provide some clinical benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Braulio Mestre
- National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology (INOR), Havana, Cuba
| | - Maria A Marrero
- National Coordinating Center for Clinical Trials (CENCEC), Havana, Cuba
| | - Rolando Uranga
- National Coordinating Center for Clinical Trials (CENCEC), Havana, Cuba
| | - Diana Rey
- National Coordinating Center for Clinical Trials (CENCEC), Havana, Cuba
| | - Martha Lugiollo
- National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology (INOR), Havana, Cuba
| | - Mircea Betancourt
- National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology (INOR), Havana, Cuba
| | - Kirenia Silva
- National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology (INOR), Havana, Cuba
| | - Danay Corrales
- National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology (INOR), Havana, Cuba
| | - Yanet Lamadrid
- National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology (INOR), Havana, Cuba
| | - Yamilka Rodriguez
- National Institute of Oncology and Radiobiology (INOR), Havana, Cuba
| | - Anaelys Maceo
- National Coordinating Center for Clinical Trials (CENCEC), Havana, Cuba
| | - Pedro P Chaviano
- National Coordinating Center for Clinical Trials (CENCEC), Havana, Cuba
| | - Gilda Lemos
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana, Cuba
| | - Ania Cabrales
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana, Cuba
| | - Freya M Freyre
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana, Cuba
| | - Hector Santana
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana, Cuba
| | - Hilda E Garay
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana, Cuba
| | - Brizaida Oliva
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana, Cuba
| | - Julio R Fernandez
- Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana, Cuba
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16
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Windmöller BA, Beshay M, Helweg LP, Flottmann C, Beermann M, Förster C, Wilkens L, Greiner JFW, Kaltschmidt C, Kaltschmidt B. Novel Primary Human Cancer Stem-Like Cell Populations from Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Inhibition of Cell Survival by Targeting NF-κB and MYC Signaling. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051024. [PMID: 33925297 PMCID: PMC8145874 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that cancer stem cells (CSCs), a small subpopulation of self-renewal cancer cells, are responsible for tumor growth, treatment resistance, and cancer relapse and are thus of enormous clinical interest. Here, we aimed to isolate new CSC-like cells derived from human primary non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) specimens and to analyze the influence of different inhibitors of NF-κB and MYC signaling on cell survival. CSC-like cells were established from three squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) and three adenocarcinomas (AC) of the lung and were shown to express common CSC markers such as Prominin-1, CD44-antigen, and Nestin. Further, cells gave rise to spherical cancer organoids. Inhibition of MYC and NF-κB signaling using KJ-Pyr-9, dexamethasone, and pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate resulted in significant reductions in cell survival for SCC- and AC-derived cells. However, inhibition of the protein–protein interaction of MYC/NMYC proto-oncogenes with Myc-associated factor X (MAX) using KJ-Pyr-9 revealed the most promising survival-decreasing effects. Next to the establishment of six novel in vitro models for studying NSCLC-derived CSC-like populations, the presented investigations might provide new insights into potential novel therapies targeting NF-κB/MYC to improve clinical outcomes in NSCLC patients. Nevertheless, the full picture of downstream signaling still remains elusive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice A. Windmöller
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (L.P.H.); (C.F.); (M.B.); (J.F.W.G.); (C.K.); (B.K.)
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld/OWL FBMB e. V., Maraweg 21, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany; (M.B.); (C.F.); (L.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-0521-106-5629
| | - Morris Beshay
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld/OWL FBMB e. V., Maraweg 21, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany; (M.B.); (C.F.); (L.W.)
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Protestant Hospital of Bethel Foundation, Burgsteig 13, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Laureen P. Helweg
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (L.P.H.); (C.F.); (M.B.); (J.F.W.G.); (C.K.); (B.K.)
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld/OWL FBMB e. V., Maraweg 21, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany; (M.B.); (C.F.); (L.W.)
| | - Clara Flottmann
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (L.P.H.); (C.F.); (M.B.); (J.F.W.G.); (C.K.); (B.K.)
| | - Miriam Beermann
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (L.P.H.); (C.F.); (M.B.); (J.F.W.G.); (C.K.); (B.K.)
| | - Christine Förster
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld/OWL FBMB e. V., Maraweg 21, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany; (M.B.); (C.F.); (L.W.)
- Institute of Pathology, KRH Hospital Nordstadt, Haltenhoffstrasse 41, Affiliated with the Protestant Hospital of Bethel Foundation, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ludwig Wilkens
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld/OWL FBMB e. V., Maraweg 21, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany; (M.B.); (C.F.); (L.W.)
- Institute of Pathology, KRH Hospital Nordstadt, Haltenhoffstrasse 41, Affiliated with the Protestant Hospital of Bethel Foundation, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Johannes F. W. Greiner
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (L.P.H.); (C.F.); (M.B.); (J.F.W.G.); (C.K.); (B.K.)
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld/OWL FBMB e. V., Maraweg 21, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany; (M.B.); (C.F.); (L.W.)
| | - Christian Kaltschmidt
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (L.P.H.); (C.F.); (M.B.); (J.F.W.G.); (C.K.); (B.K.)
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld/OWL FBMB e. V., Maraweg 21, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany; (M.B.); (C.F.); (L.W.)
| | - Barbara Kaltschmidt
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany; (L.P.H.); (C.F.); (M.B.); (J.F.W.G.); (C.K.); (B.K.)
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld/OWL FBMB e. V., Maraweg 21, 33617 Bielefeld, Germany; (M.B.); (C.F.); (L.W.)
- Molecular Neurobiology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstrasse 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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17
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Zheng Y, Hu J, Li Y, Hao R, Qi Y. Clinicopathological and prognostic significance of circRNAs in lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25415. [PMID: 33832139 PMCID: PMC8036086 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circular RNAs (circRNAs) regulate multiple pathways during lung cancer pathogenesis. Apart from functional significance, many circRNAs have been shown to be associated with clinicopathological characteristics and predict lung cancer prognosis. Our aim is to summarize the expanding knowledge of clinical roles of circRNAs in lung cancer. METHODS A thorough search of literature was conducted to identify articles about the correlation between circRNA expression and its prognostic and clinicopathological values. Biological mechanisms were summarized. RESULTS This study included 35 original articles and 32 circRNAs with prognostic roles for lung cancer. Increased expression of 25 circRNAs and decreased expression of 7 circRNAs predicted poor prognosis. For non-small cell lung cancer, changes of circRNAs were correlated with tumor size, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, tumor node metastasis (TNM) stage, and differentiation, indicating the major function of circRNAs is to promote lung cancer invasion and migration. Particularly, meta-analysis of ciRS-7, hsa_circ_0020123, hsa_circ_0067934 showed increase of the 3 circRNAs was associated with positive lymph node metastasis. Increase of ciRS-7 and hsa_circ_0067934 was also related with advanced TNM stage. The biological effects depend on the general function of circRNA as microRNA sponge. CONCLUSIONS CircRNAs have the potential to function as prognostic markers and are associated with lung cancer progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Zheng
- School of Nursing, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY
- Morning Star Academic Cooperation, Shanghai
| | - Jie Hu
- Department of Science and Technology, Hebei Medical University
| | - Yishuai Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hebei Provincial Chest Hospital
| | - Ran Hao
- School of Nursing, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei
- Morning Star Academic Cooperation, Shanghai
| | - Yixin Qi
- Department of Breast Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
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18
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Prasher P, Sharma M, Zacconi F, Gupta G, Aljabali AA, Mishra V, Tambuwala MM, Kapoor DN, Negi P, Andreoli Pinto TDJ, Singh I, Chellappan DK, Dua K. Synthesis and Anticancer Properties of ‘Azole’ Based Chemotherapeutics as Emerging Chemical Moieties: A Comprehensive Review. CURR ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272824999200820152501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Azole frameworks serve as privileged scaffolds in the contemporary drug design
paradigm owing to their unique physicochemical profile that promotes the development
of highly selective, physiological benevolent chemotherapeutics. Several azole nuclei
function as bioisostere in medicinal chemistry and prompt the development of tailored
therapeutics for targeting the desired biological entities. Besides, the azole scaffold forms
an integral part in the advanced drug designing methodologies, such as target template insitu
drug synthesis, that assists in rapid identification of the hit molecules form a diverse
pool of leads; and direct biomolecule-drug conjugation, along with bioorthogonal strategies
that ensure localization, and superior target specificity of the directed therapeutic.
Lastly, the structural diversity of azole framework and high yielding click synthetic methods
provide a comprehensive Structure-Activity Relationship analysis for design optimization of the potential
drug molecules by fine-tuning the placement of different substituents critical for the activity. This review provides
a comprehensive analysis of the synthesis and anticancer potential of azole based chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parteek Prasher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Mousmee Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Uttaranchal University, Arcadia Grant, Dehradun 248007, India
| | - Flavia Zacconi
- Departamento de Quimica Organica, Facultad de Quimica y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Av. Vicuna Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago 7820436, Chile
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jagatpura 302 017, Jaipur, India
| | - Alaa A.A. Aljabali
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Vijay Mishra
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India
| | - Murtaza M. Tambuwala
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, Ulster University, Coleraine, County Londonderry, Northern Ireland BT52 1SA, United Kingdom
| | - Deepak N. Kapoor
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Post box no. 9, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173 229, India
| | - Poonam Negi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences, Post box no. 9, Solan, Himachal Pradesh 173 229, India
| | - Terezinha de Jesus Andreoli Pinto
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Professor Lineu Prestes Street, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Inderbir Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, 140401, India
| | - Dinesh K. Chellappan
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Kamal Dua
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
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19
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Abolfathi H, Sheikhpour M, Shahraeini SS, Khatami S, Nojoumi SA. Studies in lung cancer cytokine proteomics: a review. Expert Rev Proteomics 2021; 18:49-64. [PMID: 33612047 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2021.1892491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Proteins are molecules that have role in the progression of the diseases. Proteomics is a tool that can play an effective role in identifying diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers for lung cancer. Cytokines are proteins that play a decisive role in activating body's immune system in lung cancer. They can increase the growth of the tumor (oncogenic cytokines) or limit tumor growth (anti-tumor cytokines) by regulating related signaling pathways such as proliferation, growth, metastasis, and apoptosis. AREAS COVERED In the present study, a total of 223 papers including 196 research papers and 27 review papers, extracted from PubMed and Scopus and published from 1997 to present, are reviewed. The most important involved-cytokines in lung cancer including TNF-α, IFN- γ, TGF-β, VEGF and interleukins such as IL-6, IL-17, IL-8, IL-10, IL-22, IL-1β and IL-18 are introduced. Also, the pathological and biological role of such cytokines in cancer signaling pathways is explained. EXPERT OPINION In lung cancer, the cytokine expression changes under the physiological conditions of the immune system, and inflammatory cytokines are associated with the progression of lung cancer. Therefore, the cytokine expression profile can be used in the diagnosis, prognosis, prediction of therapeutic responses, and survival of patients with lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanie Abolfathi
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojgan Sheikhpour
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Sadegh Shahraeini
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shohreh Khatami
- Department of Biochemistry, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Nojoumi
- Department of Mycobacteriology and Pulmonary Research, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.,Microbiology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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20
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Menzel A, Samouda H, Dohet F, Loap S, Ellulu MS, Bohn T. Common and Novel Markers for Measuring Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Ex Vivo in Research and Clinical Practice-Which to Use Regarding Disease Outcomes? Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030414. [PMID: 33803155 PMCID: PMC8001241 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Many chronic conditions such as cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, type-2 diabetes, obesity, peripheral/coronary artery disease and auto-immune diseases are associated with low-grade inflammation. Closely related to inflammation is oxidative stress (OS), which can be either causal or secondary to inflammation. While a low level of OS is physiological, chronically increased OS is deleterious. Therefore, valid biomarkers of these signalling pathways may enable detection and following progression of OS/inflammation as well as to evaluate treatment efficacy. Such biomarkers should be stable and obtainable through non-invasive methods and their determination should be affordable and easy. The most frequently used inflammatory markers include acute-phase proteins, essentially CRP, serum amyloid A, fibrinogen and procalcitonin, and cytokines, predominantly TNFα, interleukins 1β, 6, 8, 10 and 12 and their receptors and IFNγ. Some cytokines appear to be disease-specific. Conversely, OS-being ubiquitous-and its biomarkers appear less disease or tissue-specific. These include lipid peroxidation products, e.g., F2-isoprostanes and malondialdehyde, DNA breakdown products (e.g., 8-OH-dG), protein adducts (e.g., carbonylated proteins), or antioxidant status. More novel markers include also -omics related ones, as well as non-invasive, questionnaire-based measures, such as the dietary inflammatory-index (DII), but their link to biological responses may be variable. Nevertheless, many of these markers have been clearly related to a number of diseases. However, their use in clinical practice is often limited, due to lacking analytical or clinical validation, or technical challenges. In this review, we strive to highlight frequently employed and useful markers of inflammation-related OS, including novel promising markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alain Menzel
- Laboratoires Réunis, 38, Rue Hiehl, L-6131 Junglinster, Luxembourg; (A.M.); (F.D.)
| | - Hanen Samouda
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B, Rue Thomas Edison, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg;
| | - Francois Dohet
- Laboratoires Réunis, 38, Rue Hiehl, L-6131 Junglinster, Luxembourg; (A.M.); (F.D.)
| | - Suva Loap
- Clinic Cryo Esthetic, 11 Rue Éblé, 75007 Paris, France;
| | - Mohammed S. Ellulu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Azhar University of Gaza (AUG), Gaza City 00970, Palestine;
| | - Torsten Bohn
- Nutrition and Health Research Group, Department of Population Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1 A-B, Rue Thomas Edison, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg;
- Correspondence:
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21
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Wen T, Song L, Hua S. Perspectives and controversies regarding the use of natural products for the treatment of lung cancer. Cancer Med 2021; 10:2396-2422. [PMID: 33650320 PMCID: PMC7982634 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer‐related mortality both in men and women and accounts for 18.4% of all cancer‐related deaths. Although advanced therapy methods have been developed, the prognosis of lung cancer patients remains extremely poor. Over the past few decades, clinicians and researchers have found that chemical compounds extracted from natural products may be useful for treating lung cancer. Drug formulations derived from natural compounds, such as paclitaxel, doxorubicin, and camptothecin, have been successfully used as chemotherapeutics for lung cancer. In recent years, hundreds of new natural compounds that can be used to treat lung cancer have been found through basic and sub‐clinical research. However, there has not been a corresponding increase in the number of drugs that have been used in a clinical setting. The probable reasons may include low solubility, limited absorption, unfavorable metabolism, and severe side effects. In this review, we present a summary of the natural compounds that have been proven to be effective for the treatment of lung cancer, as well as an understanding of the mechanisms underlying their pharmacological effects. We have also highlighted current controversies and have attempted to provide solutions for the clinical translation of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wen
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Lei Song
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Shucheng Hua
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration & Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, P.R. China
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22
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Vinod Prabhu V, Elangovan P, Niranjali Devaraj S, Sakthivel KM. Targeting NF-κB mediated cell signaling pathway and inflammatory mediators by 1,2-diazole in A549 cells in vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 29:e00594. [PMID: 33598414 PMCID: PMC7868824 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2021.e00594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
1,2-Diazole suppresses TNF-α induced MMP-2 expression. 1,2-Diazole abrogate NF-κB activation and regulate cytokines. It exhibits potent in vitro anticancer effect against A549 cells.
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths globally. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of 1,2-diazole (pyrazole) as an anti-cancer drug on human non-small cell lung carcinoma A549 cells. We attempt to examine the expression level of pro-inflammatory proteins such as TNF-α, NF-κB-p65, MMP-2 and E-Cadherin which are commonly associated with an inflammatory response in epithelial cells and apoptosis in A549 cells. The LPS-induced cytokines and inflammatory mediators include TNF-α, IL-6, iNOS and COX-2 levels in A549 cells and the effect of pyrazole was studied. The present study reveals that, pyrazole inhibits A549 cells by suppressing TNF-α induced MMP-2 expression, thereby inhibiting the nuclear translocation of NF-κB-p65. Pyrazole significantly up-regulate the E-cadherin level and down-regulated MMP-2 expression that could probably preventing A549 cancer cells to invade. The study further substantiated the anti-cancer property of pyrazole by regulating the above mentioned level of LPS-induced cytokines and inflammatory mediators. The observations of the present study open a possibility for the development of an effective therapeutic agent that targets inflammatory and signaling pathway mediators to challenge human non-small cell lung carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venugopal Vinod Prabhu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600025, Tamil Nadu, India
- Corresponding author.
| | - Perumal Elangovan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, 600025, Tamil Nadu, India
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23
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Vega-Mendoza D, Cañas-Linares A, Flores-Alcantar A, Espinosa-Neira R, Melchy-Perez E, Vera-Estrella R, Auvynet C, Rosenstein Y. CD43 (sialophorin) is involved in the induction of extracellular matrix remodeling and angiogenesis by lung cancer cells. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:6643-6656. [PMID: 33533043 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant expression of CD43 in malignant tumors of nonhematopoietic origin such as those from lung, cervix, colon, and breast has been shown to correlate with poor prognosis, providing tumor cells with enhanced motility, anchorage-independent growth, and in vivo tumor size, while protecting the cells of NK lysis and apoptosis. To further characterize the role of CD43 in cell transformation, we tested whether interfering its expression modified the capacity of the A549 non-small cell lung cancer cells to secrete molecules contributing to malignancy. The proteomic analysis of the secretome of serum-starved A549 cells revealed that cells expressing normal levels of CD43 released significantly high levels of molecules involved in extracellular matrix organization, angiogenesis, platelet degranulation, collagen degradation, and inflammation, as compared to CD43 RNAi cells. This data reveals a novel and unexpected role for CD43 in lung cancer development, mainly in remodeling the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Vega-Mendoza
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.,Posgrado en Ciencias Bioquímicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Alicia Cañas-Linares
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.,Posgrado en Ciencias Bioquímicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Angel Flores-Alcantar
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Roberto Espinosa-Neira
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.,División de Investigación Básica, Laboratorio de Epigenética del Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Erika Melchy-Perez
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Rosario Vera-Estrella
- Departamento de Biología Molecular de Plantas, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Constance Auvynet
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Yvonne Rosenstein
- Departamento de Medicina Molecular y Bioprocesos, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
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24
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Cheng J, Eroglu A. The Promising Effects of Astaxanthin on Lung Diseases. Adv Nutr 2020; 12:850-864. [PMID: 33179051 PMCID: PMC8166543 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmaa143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin (ASX) is a naturally occurring xanthophyll carotenoid. Both in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that it is a potent antioxidant with anti-inflammatory properties. Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide, whereas other lung diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, emphysema, and asthma are of high prevalence. In the past decade, mounting evidence has suggested a protective role for ASX against lung diseases. This article reviews the potential role of ASX in protecting against lung diseases, including lung cancer. It also summarizes the underlying molecular mechanisms by which ASX protects against pulmonary diseases, including regulating the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor/heme oxygenase-1 pathway, NF-κB signaling, mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling, Janus kinase-signal transducers and activators of transcription-3 signaling, the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt pathway, and modulating immune response. Several future directions are proposed in this review. However, most in vitro and in vivo studies have used ASX at concentrations that are not achievable by humans. Also, no clinical trials have been conducted and/or reported. Thus, preclinical studies with ASX treatment within physiological concentrations as well as human studies are required to examine the health benefits of ASX with respect to lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junrui Cheng
- Plants for Human Health Institute, North Carolina State University, Kannapolis, NC, USA
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25
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Dimitrakopoulos FID, Kottorou AE, Kalofonou M, Kalofonos HP. The Fire Within: NF-κB Involvement in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancer Res 2020; 80:4025-4036. [PMID: 32616502 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-3578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Thirty-four years since its discovery, NF-κB remains a transcription factor with great potential for cancer therapy. However, NF-κB-targeted therapies have yet to find a way to be clinically translatable. Here, we focus exclusively on the role of NF-κB in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and discuss its contributing effect on cancer hallmarks such as inflammation, proliferation, survival, apoptosis, angiogenesis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, metastasis, stemness, metabolism, and therapy resistance. In addition, we present our current knowledge of the clinical significance of NF-κB and its involvement in the treatment of patients with NSCLC with chemotherapy, targeted therapies, and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foteinos-Ioannis D Dimitrakopoulos
- Clinical and Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Anastasia E Kottorou
- Clinical and Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Melpomeni Kalofonou
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Haralabos P Kalofonos
- Clinical and Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.
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26
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Somu C, Mohan CD, Ambekar S, Dukanya, Rangappa S, Baburajeev CP, Sukhorukov A, Mishra S, Shanmugam MK, Chinnathambi A, Awad Alahmadi T, Alharbi SA, Basappa, Rangappa KS. Identification of a novel 1,2 oxazine that can induce apoptosis by targeting NF-κB in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 25:e00438. [PMID: 32140443 PMCID: PMC7044713 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2020.e00438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
10 new 1,2-Oxazines were synthesized and evaluated for their anticancer activity. 3i is lead cytotoxic agent which increased SubG1 cell population of HCC cells. p65 siRNA transfection significantly reduced the 3i induced DNA fragmentation. 3i decreased DNA binding and NF-κB-dependent luciferase reporter gene expression.
Constitutive activation of NF-κB is associated with proinflammatory diseases and suppression of the NF-κB signaling pathway has been considered as an effective therapeutic strategy in the treatment of various cancers including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Herein, we report the synthesis of 1,2 oxazines and their anticancer potential. The antiproliferative studies presented 3-((4-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)piperidin-1-yl)methyl)-4-phenyl-4,4a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydrocyclopenta [e][1,2]oxazine(3i) as a lead cytotoxic agent against HCC cells. Flow cytometric analysis showed that 3i caused a substantial increase in the subG1 cell population. Annexin-V-FITC-PI staining showed a significant increase in the percentage of apoptotic cells on treatment with 3i. Transfection with p65 siRNA significantly reduced the 3i induced DNA fragmentation indicating that 3i may primarily mediate its proapoptotic effects by abrogating the NF-κB signaling. In addition, treatment of HCC cells with 3i decreased the DNA binding ability of NF-κB and NF-κB-dependent luciferase expression. Taken together, this report introduces 1,2-oxazine that potently targets the NF-κB signaling pathway in HCC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaithanya Somu
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India
| | | | - Sachin Ambekar
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Bangalore University, Central College Campus, Palace Road, Bangalore 560001, India
| | - Dukanya
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India
| | - Shobith Rangappa
- Adichunchanagiri Institute for Molecular Medicine, BG Nagara, Nagamangala Taluk, Mandya district-571448, India
| | - C P Baburajeev
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Bangalore University, Central College Campus, Palace Road, Bangalore 560001, India
| | - Alexey Sukhorukov
- N.D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Leninsky Prospect, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Srishti Mishra
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore 117600, Singapore
| | - Muthu K Shanmugam
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore 117600, Singapore
| | - Arunachalam Chinnathambi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh -11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahani Awad Alahmadi
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh -11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basappa
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Chemistry, Bangalore University, Central College Campus, Palace Road, Bangalore 560001, India.,Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Studies in Organic Chemistry, University of Mysore, Manasagangotri, Mysore 570006, India
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27
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Tsoyi K, Osorio JC, Chu SG, Fernandez IE, De Frias SP, Sholl L, Cui Y, Tellez CS, Siegfried JM, Belinsky SA, Perrella MA, El-Chemaly S, Rosas IO. Lung Adenocarcinoma Syndecan-2 Potentiates Cell Invasiveness. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 60:659-666. [PMID: 30562054 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0118oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Altered expression of syndecan-2 (SDC2), a heparan sulfate proteoglycan, has been associated with diverse types of human cancers. However, the mechanisms by which SDC2 may contribute to the pathobiology of lung adenocarcinoma have not been previously explored. SDC2 levels were measured in human lung adenocarcinoma samples and lung cancer tissue microarrays using immunohistochemistry and real-time PCR. To understand the role of SDC2 in vitro, SDC2 was silenced or overexpressed in A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells. The invasive capacity of cells was assessed using Matrigel invasion assays and measuring matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 9 expression. Finally, we assessed tumor growth and metastasis of SDC2-deficient A549 cells in a xenograft tumor model. SDC2 expression was upregulated in malignant epithelial cells and macrophages obtained from human lung adenocarcinomas. Silencing of SDC2 decreased MMP9 expression and attenuated the invasive capacity of A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells. The inhibitory effect of SDC2 silencing on MMP9 expression and cell invasion was reversed by overexpression of MMP9 and syntenin-1. SDC2 silencing attenuated NF-κB p65 subunit nuclear translocation and its binding to the MMP9 promoter, which were restored by overexpression of syntenin-1. SDC2 silencing in vivo reduced tumor mass volume and metastasis. These findings suggest that SDC2 plays an important role in the invasive properties of lung adenocarcinoma cells and that its effects are mediated by syntenin-1. Thus, inhibiting SDC2 expression or activity could serve as a potential therapeutic target to treat lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan C Osorio
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and.,2 Department of Medicine, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Sarah G Chu
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and
| | - Isis E Fernandez
- 3 Comprehensive Pneumology Centre, Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Lynette Sholl
- 4 Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ye Cui
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and
| | | | - Jill M Siegfried
- 6 Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | | | | | - Ivan O Rosas
- 1 Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, and.,7 Pulmonary Fibrosis Group, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico; and
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28
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Windmöller BA, Greiner JF, Förster C, Wilkens L, Mertzlufft F, Esch JSA, Kaltschmidt B, Kaltschmidt C, Beshay M. A typical carcinoid of the lung - a case report with pathological correlation and propagation of the cancer stem cell line BKZ1 with synaptophysin expression. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e18174. [PMID: 31804333 PMCID: PMC6919531 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000018174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) of the lung account for 5% of all cases of lung cancer, which itself is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. In accordance to its rarity, only few cell lines of NETs exist, which even often lack key characteristics of the primary tumor, making it difficult to study underlying molecular mechanisms. PATIENT CONCERNS The patient reported in this case is a 71-year old woman, which never smoked but suffered under dry cough. DIAGNOSES Chest CT-scan showed a paracardiac nodule of the lingula with 2 × 1.8 cm in diameter. INTERVENTIONS The detected paracardiac nodule of the lingula was anatomically resected using video assisted thoracic surgery. OUTCOMES Histopathological diagnostic of the removed tissue identified the tumor as a well-differentiated typical carcinoid (TC), which represents one of the four subgroups of pulmonary NETs. Next to the successful treatment of the patient, we were able to propagate cancer stem cells (CSCs) out of the resected tumor tissue. To the best of our knowledge, we firstly isolated CSCs of a typical carcinoid, which were positive for the prominent CSC markers CD44, CD133 and nestin, confirming their stem cell properties. Additionally, CSCs, further referred as BKZ1, expressed the neuroendocrine marker synaptophysin, verifying their neuroendocrine origin. However, nuclear synaptophysin protein was also present in other stem cell populations, suggesting a role as general stem cell marker. LESSON In line with the importance of CSCs in cancer treatment and the lack of CSC-models for neuroendocrine neoplasms, the here described BKZ1 cancer stem cell line of a typical carcinoid represents a promising new model to study pulmonary carcinoids and particular NETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Ariane Windmöller
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, Bielefeld
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld, FBMB, Maraweg 21, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Johannes F.W. Greiner
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, Bielefeld
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld, FBMB, Maraweg 21, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Christine Förster
- Institute of Pathology, KRH Hospital Nordstadt, Haltenhoffstrasse 41, Hannover
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld, FBMB, Maraweg 21, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Ludwig Wilkens
- Institute of Pathology, KRH Hospital Nordstadt, Haltenhoffstrasse 41, Hannover
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld, FBMB, Maraweg 21, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Fritz Mertzlufft
- Protestant Hospital of Bethel Foundation, Maraweg 21
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld, FBMB, Maraweg 21, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jan Schulte am Esch
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Protestant Hospital of Bethel Foundation, Schildescher Strasse 99
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld, FBMB, Maraweg 21, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Barbara Kaltschmidt
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, Bielefeld
- Molecular Neurobiology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld, FBMB, Maraweg 21, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Christian Kaltschmidt
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Bielefeld, Universitätsstrasse 25, Bielefeld
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld, FBMB, Maraweg 21, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Morris Beshay
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Protestant Hospital of Bethel Foundation, Burgsteig 13
- Forschungsverbund BioMedizin Bielefeld, FBMB, Maraweg 21, Bielefeld, Germany
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29
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Liang J, Lu F, Li B, Liu L, Zeng G, Zhou Q, Chen L. IRF8 induces senescence of lung cancer cells to exert its tumor suppressive function. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:3300-3312. [PMID: 31594449 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1674053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. However, tumor suppressor genes remain to be systemically determined for lung cancer. Here we report interferon regulatory factor 8 (IRF8), a member of the IRF family of transcription factors, as a potent lung tumor suppressor gene. Expression of IRF8 is frequently diminished in lung tumoral tissues and is associated with prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Ectopic expression of IRF8 suppresses the NSCLC cells proliferation in vitro and tumorigenic potential in vivo. More importantly, forced expression of IRF8 through infection of recombinant virus inhibits lung tumorigenesis in genetically engineered mouse model (GEMM). Mechanistically, IRF8 inhibits AKT signaling and promotes accumulation of P27 protein, which results in senescence of lung cancer cells. Ectopic expression of IRF8 in tumor cells leads to regression of lung cancer tumor nodules in a xenograft tumor model. Our data, therefore, solidly shows IRF8 to be a lung cancer suppressor gene and may denote an opportunity for therapeutic intervention of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxia Liang
- Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Lu
- Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Li
- Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guandi Zeng
- Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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30
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Dimitrakopoulos FID, Antonacopoulou AG, Kottorou AE, Panagopoulos N, Kalofonou F, Sampsonas F, Scopa C, Kalofonou M, Koutras A, Makatsoris T, Dougenis D, Papadaki H, Brock M, Kalofonos HP. Expression Of Intracellular Components of the NF-κB Alternative Pathway (NF-κB2, RelB, NIK and Bcl3) is Associated With Clinical Outcome of NSCLC Patients. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14299. [PMID: 31586084 PMCID: PMC6778110 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50528-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing number of studies has shed light on the role of the NF-κΒ in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). To address the significance of major effectors of the NF-κΒ alternative pathway, we investigated the relationship between NF-κΒ2, RelB, NIK and Bcl3 expression (mRNA and protein) and the clinical outcome of NSCLC patients. NF-κΒ2, RelB, NIK and Bcl3 protein expression levels were assessed by immunohistochemistry in tissue samples from 151 NSCLC patients who had curative resection. mRNA levels were also evaluated in 69 patients using quantitative real-time PCR. Although all studied proteins were overexpressed in NSCLC (P < 0.001 for all), only RelB mRNA levels were strongly increased in cancerous specimens compared to tumor-adjacent non-neoplastic tissues (P = 0.009). Moreover, NF-κB2, RelB and Bcl3 expression was associated with overall survival (OS). In particular, cytoplasmic and mRNA expression of RelB was related to 5-year OS (P = 0.014 and P = 0.006, respectively). Multivariate analysis also showed that Bcl3 expression (nuclear and cytoplasmic) was associated with increased 5-year OS (P = 0.002 and P = 0.036, respectively). In addition, higher Bcl3 mRNA levels were associated with inferior OS in stages I & II and improved OS in stages III and IV after 5-year follow-up (P = 0.004 and P = 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, stage I patients with lower NF-κB2 mRNA levels had better 5-year survival in univariate and multivariate analysis (P = 0.031 and P = 0.028, respectively). Interestingly, RelB expression (cytoplasmic and mRNA) was inversely associated with relapse rates (P = 0.027 and P = 0.015, respectively), while low NIK cytoplasmic expression was associated with lower relapse rates (P = 0.019). Cytoplasmic NIK expression as well as NF-κB2/ Bcl3 detection was associated with lymph node infiltration (P = 0.039 and P = 0.014, respectively). The present study confirms the deregulation of the NF-κB alternative pathway in NSCLC and also demonstrates the importance of this pathway in prognosis, recurrence and infiltration of regional lymph nodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foteinos-Ioannis D Dimitrakopoulos
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Anna G Antonacopoulou
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Anastasia E Kottorou
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Panagopoulos
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Fotini Kalofonou
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Fotios Sampsonas
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Chrisoula Scopa
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Melpomeni Kalofonou
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Angelos Koutras
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Thomas Makatsoris
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Dougenis
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Helen Papadaki
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Malcolm Brock
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Haralabos P Kalofonos
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.
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Yuan Q, Wen M, Xu C, Chen A, Qiu YB, Cao JG, Zhang JS, Song ZW. 8-bromo-7-methoxychrysin targets NF-κB and FoxM1 to inhibit lung cancer stem cells induced by pro-inflammatory factors. J Cancer 2019; 10:5244-5255. [PMID: 31602275 PMCID: PMC6775618 DOI: 10.7150/jca.30143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We have previously reported that 8-bromo-7-methoxychrysin (BrMC), a novel synthetic derivative of chrysin, was demonstrated anti-tumor activities against several human cancers, including lung cancer. Interaction between inflammation and cancer stem cell are recently increasingly recognized in tumorigenesis and progression. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether BrMC inhibits lung cancer stemness of H460 cells induced by inflammatory factors (TGF-β combined with TNF-α) and its potential mechanism. Our results showed that BrMC inhibited lung cancer stemness, as validated by enhanced self-renewal ability, higher in vitro tumorigenicity, and increased expression of CD133, CD44, Bmi1 and Oct4 in H460 cells administered TNF-α after prolonged induction by TGF-β, in a concentration-dependent manner. Both NF-κB inhibition by SN50 and FoxM1 suppression by thiostrepton (THI) prompted the inhibition of BrMC on lung CSCs. Conversely, overexpression of NF-κBp65 significantly antagonized the above effects of BrMC. Meanwhile, overexpression of FoxM1 also significantly compromised BrMC function on suppression of FoxM1 and NF-κBp65 as well as stemness of lung CSCs. Our results suggest that activation of NF-κB and FoxM1 by cytokines facilitate the acquisition CSCs phenotype, and compromise the chemical inhibition, which may represent an effective therapeutic target for treatment of human lung cancer. Moreover, BrMC may be a potential promising candidate for targeting NF-κB/ FoxM1 to prevent the tumorigenesis under inflammatory microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yuan
- Department of preclinical medicine, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Min Wen
- Department of preclinical medicine, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410013, China,Key Laboratory of Study and Discover of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Changsha 410013, China
| | - A Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410013, China,Key Laboratory of Study and Discover of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Ye-Bei Qiu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410013, China,Key Laboratory of Study and Discover of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Jian-Guo Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410013, China,Key Laboratory of Study and Discover of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Changsha 410013, China
| | - Jian-Song Zhang
- Department of preclinical medicine, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410013, China,✉ Corresponding authors: Zhen-Wei Song, Jian-Song Zhang
| | - Zhen-Wei Song
- Department of preclinical medicine, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410013, China,Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Medical College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410013, China,Key Laboratory of Study and Discover of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Changsha 410013, China,✉ Corresponding authors: Zhen-Wei Song, Jian-Song Zhang
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32
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Weng MC, Li MH, Chung JG, Liu YC, Wu JY, Hsu FT, Wang HE. Apoptosis induction and AKT/NF-κB inactivation are associated with regroafenib-inhibited tumor progression in non-small cell lung cancer in vitro and in vivo. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 116:109032. [PMID: 31163381 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a malignant lung cancer type with poor prognosis. NF-κB, the oncogenic transcription factor, has been recognized as an important mediator in progression of NSCLC. Regorafenib, a multikinase inhibitor, was demonstrated to inhibit tumor progression through suppression of ERK/NF-κB signaling in hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo. However, whether regorafenib inhibit progression of NSCLC is ambiguous. Thus, the major purpose of present study was to evaluate anticancer efficacy and underlying mechanism of regorafenib on tumor progression in NSCLC in vitro and in vivo. CL-1-5-F4 cells were treated with regorafenib, NF-κB (QNZ) or AKT (LY294002) inhibitor for 24 or 48 h. Then, we performed cell viability assay, NF-κB reporter gene assay, transwell invasion assay and apoptosis related flow cytometry assay on cellular level to verify anti-cancer effect and mechanism of regorafenib. CL-1-5-F4 bearing animal model was treated with vehicle or regorafenib for 28 days. The therapeutic efficacy and mechanism of regorafenib in CL-1-5-F4 bearing animal model were investigated by tumor size evaluation, whole body computer tomography (CT) scan, Haemotoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stain and immunohistochemistry (IHC) stain. Our results demonstrated regorafenib significantly inhibited tumor growth and induced apoptosis through extrinsic/intrinsic pathways in NSCLC in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we also found the suppression of AKT/NF-κB signaling was required for regorafenib inhibited expression of progression-related and invasion-related proteins. Our finding indicated apoptosis induction and suppression of AKT/NF-κB signaling were associated with regorafenib-inhibited progression of NSCLC in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Chi Weng
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taiwan; Isotope Application Division, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Atomic Energy Council, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hsin Li
- Isotope Application Division, Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Atomic Energy Council, Taiwan
| | - Jing Gung Chung
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chang Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan; Department of Radiation Oncology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan; Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Yuan Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Taichung Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan.
| | - Fei-Ting Hsu
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Hsin-Ell Wang
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taiwan.
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A Role for NF-κB in Organ Specific Cancer and Cancer Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11050655. [PMID: 31083587 PMCID: PMC6563002 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11050655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) account for tumor initiation, invasiveness, metastasis, and recurrence in a broad range of human cancers. Although being a key player in cancer development and progression by stimulating proliferation and metastasis and preventing apoptosis, the role of the transcription factor NF-κB in cancer stem cells is still underestimated. In the present review, we will evaluate the role of NF-κB in CSCs of glioblastoma multiforme, ovarian cancer, multiple myeloma, lung cancer, colon cancer, prostate cancer, as well as cancer of the bone. Next to summarizing current knowledge regarding the presence and contribution of CSCs to the respective types of cancer, we will emphasize NF-κB-mediated signaling pathways directly involved in maintaining characteristics of cancer stem cells associated to tumor progression. Here, we will also focus on the status of NF-κB-activity predominantly in CSC populations and the tumor mass. Genetic alterations leading to NF-κB activity in glioblastoma, ependymoma, and multiple myeloma will be discussed.
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