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Chen K, Dong Y, He G, He X, Pan M, Huang X, Yu X, Xia J. UBTF mediates activation of L3MBTL2 to suppress NISCH expression through histone H2AK119 monoubiquitination modification in breast cancer. Clin Exp Metastasis 2024:10.1007/s10585-024-10299-x. [PMID: 38935187 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-024-10299-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Lethal(3)malignant brain tumor-like protein 2 (L3MBTL2) has been related to transcriptional inhibition and chromatin compaction. Nevertheless, the biological functions and mechanisms of L3MBTL2 are undefined in breast cancer (BRCA). Here, we revealed that L3MBTL2 is responsible for the decline of Nischarin (NISCH), a well-known tumor suppressor, in BRCA, and explored the detailed mechanism. Knockdown of L3MBTL2 reduced monoubiquitination of histone H2A at lysine-119 (H2AK119ub), leading to reduced binding to the NISCH promoter and increased expression of NISCH. Meanwhile, the knockdown of L3MBTL2 decreased proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of BRCA cells, and increased apoptosis, which were abated by NISCH knockdown. Nucleolar transcription factor 1 (UBTF) induced the transcription of L3MBTL2 in BRCA, and the suppressing effects of UBTF silencing on EMT in BRCA cells were also reversed by NISCH knockdown. Knockdown of UBTF slowed tumor progression and attenuated lung tumor infiltration, whereas simultaneous knockdown of NISCH accelerated EMT and increased tumor lung metastasis. Taken together, our results show that L3MBTL2, transcriptionally activated by UBTF, exerts oncogenic functions in BRCA, by catalyzing H2AK119Ub and reducing expression of NISCH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Chen
- Department of Technology and Social Services, Dazhou Vocational College of Chinese Medicine, Tongchuan District, Vocational Education Park, Dazhou, Sichuan, 635000, P.R. China
| | - Yun Dong
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Dazhou Vocational College of Chinese Medicine, Dazhou, Sichuan, 635000, P.R. China
| | - Gaojian He
- Dean's office, Dazhou Vocational College of Chinese Medicine, Dazhou, Sichuan, 635000, P.R. China
| | - Xuefeng He
- Department of Technology and Social Services, Dazhou Vocational College of Chinese Medicine, Tongchuan District, Vocational Education Park, Dazhou, Sichuan, 635000, P.R. China
| | - Meitong Pan
- Department of Technology and Social Services, Dazhou Vocational College of Chinese Medicine, Tongchuan District, Vocational Education Park, Dazhou, Sichuan, 635000, P.R. China
| | - Xuemei Huang
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646099, P.R. China
| | - Xiaolan Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, 646099, P.R. China.
| | - Jiyi Xia
- Department of Technology and Social Services, Dazhou Vocational College of Chinese Medicine, Tongchuan District, Vocational Education Park, Dazhou, Sichuan, 635000, P.R. China.
- Dazhou Chinese medicine research and development center, Dazhou, Sichuan, 635000, P.R. China.
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2
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Rubio-Casillas A, Cowley D, Raszek M, Uversky VN, Redwan EM. Review: N1-methyl-pseudouridine (m1Ψ): Friend or foe of cancer? Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131427. [PMID: 38583833 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Due to the health emergency created by SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes the COVID-19 disease, the rapid implementation of a new vaccine technology was necessary. mRNA vaccines, being one of the cutting-edge new technologies, attracted significant interest and offered a lot of hope. The potential of these vaccines in preventing admission to hospitals and serious illness in people with comorbidities has recently been called into question due to the vaccines' rapidly waning immunity. Mounting evidence indicates that these vaccines, like many others, do not generate sterilizing immunity, leaving people vulnerable to recurrent infections. Additionally, it has been discovered that the mRNA vaccines inhibit essential immunological pathways, thus impairing early interferon signaling. Within the framework of COVID-19 vaccination, this inhibition ensures an appropriate spike protein synthesis and a reduced immune activation. Evidence is provided that adding 100 % of N1-methyl-pseudouridine (m1Ψ) to the mRNA vaccine in a melanoma model stimulated cancer growth and metastasis, while non-modified mRNA vaccines induced opposite results, thus suggesting that COVID-19 mRNA vaccines could aid cancer development. Based on this compelling evidence, we suggest that future clinical trials for cancers or infectious diseases should not use mRNA vaccines with a 100 % m1Ψ modification, but rather ones with the lower percentage of m1Ψ modification to avoid immune suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Rubio-Casillas
- Autlan Regional Hospital, Health Secretariat, Autlan 48900, Jalisco, Mexico; Biology Laboratory, Autlan Regional Preparatory School, University of Guadalajara, Autlan 48900, Jalisco, Mexico.
| | - David Cowley
- University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool, Lincoln, Lincolnshire LN6 7TS, United Kingdom
| | - Mikolaj Raszek
- Merogenomics (Genomic Sequencing Consulting), Edmonton, AB T5J 3R8, Canada
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; Laboratory of New Methods in Biology, Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Federal Research Center "Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences", Pushchino, Russia.
| | - Elrashdy M Redwan
- Biological Science Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80203, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Therapeutic and Protective Proteins Laboratory, Protein Research Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, City for Scientific Research and Technology Applications, New Borg EL-Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt.
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3
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Talotta R. COVID-19 mRNA vaccines as hypothetical epigenetic players: Results from an in silico analysis, considerations and perspectives. Vaccine 2023; 41:5182-5194. [PMID: 37453842 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate in silico the occurrence of epigenetic crosstalk by nucleotide sequence complementarity between the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine and whole human genome, including coding and noncoding (nc)RNA genes. To correlate these results with those obtained with the original spike (S) gene of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). METHODS The publicly available FASTA sequence of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine and the SARS-CoV-2 isolate Wuhan-Hu-1 S gene (NC_045512.2) were used separately as key input to the Ensembl.org library to evaluate base pair match to human GRCh38 genome. Human coding and noncoding genes harboring hits were assessed for functional activity and health effects using bioinformatics tools and GWAS databases. RESULTS The BLAT analysis against the human GRCh38 genome revealed a total of 37 hits for BNT162b2 mRNA and no hits for the SARS-CoV-2 S gene. More specifically, BNT162b2 mRNA matched 19 human genes whose protein products are variously involved in enzyme reactions, nucleotide or cation binding, signaling, and carrier functions. In BLASTN analysis of ncRNA genes, BNT162b2 mRNA and SARS-CoV-2 S gene matched 17 and 24 different human genomic regions, respectively. Overall, characterization of the matched noncoding sequences revealed stronger interference with epigenetic pathways for BNT162b2 mRNA compared with the original S gene. CONCLUSION This pivotal in silico analysis shows that SARS-CoV-2 S gene and the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine exhibit Watson-Crick nucleotide complementarity with human coding or noncoding genes. Although they do not share the same complementarity pattern, both may disrupt epigenetic mechanisms in target cells, potentially leading to long-term complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Talotta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, AOU "Gaetano Martino", University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
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4
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Tsyganov MM, Ibragimova MK. MALAT1 Long Non-coding RNA and Its Role in Breast Carcinogenesis. Acta Naturae 2023; 15:32-41. [PMID: 37538803 PMCID: PMC10395780 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.11905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Our genome consists not only of protein-coding DNA, but also of the non-coding part that plays a very important role in the regulation of all cellular processes. A part of the non-coding genome comes with non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), and disruption of the functional activity of these RNAs may be associated with oncogenesis in various cancer types. There exist two types of ncRNAs: small and long non-coding RNAs, which are classified according to their transcript length. Long non-coding metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1, MALAT1 RNA (NEAT2), is a long non-coding RNA of particular interest. The aforementioned transcript takes part in the regulation of numerous cellular processes and pathogenesis of different malignant tumors, including breast tumors. This review focuses on experimental and clinical studies into the role of MALAT1 in carcinogenesis and the progression of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. M. Tsyganov
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, 634050 Russian Federation
- Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, 634050 Russian Federation
| | - M. K. Ibragimova
- Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, 634050 Russian Federation
- Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, 634050 Russian Federation
- National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, 634050 Russian Federation
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5
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El-Helkan B, Emam M, Mohanad M, Fathy S, Zekri AR, Ahmed OS. Long non-coding RNAs as novel prognostic biomarkers for breast cancer in Egyptian women. Sci Rep 2022; 12:19498. [PMID: 36376369 PMCID: PMC9663553 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-23938-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC), the most common type of malignant tumor, is the leading cause of death, having the highest incidence rate among women. The lack of early diagnostic tools is one of the clinical obstacles for BC treatment. The current study was designed to evaluate a panel of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) BC040587, HOTAIR, MALAT1, CCAT1, CCAT2, PVT1, UCA1, SPRY4-IT1, PANDAR, and AK058003-and two mRNAs (SNCG, BDNF) as novel prognostic biomarkers for BC. This study was ethically approved by the Institutional Review Board of the National Cancer Institute, Cairo University. Our study included 75 women recently diagnosed with BC and 25 healthy women as normal controls. Patients were divided into three groups: 24 with benign breast diseases, 28 with metastatic breast cancer (MBC, stage IV), and 23 with non-metastatic breast cancer (NMBC, stage III). LncRNA and mRNA expression levels were measured in patient plasma using quantitative real-time PCR. We found that 10 lncRNAs (BCO40587, HOTAIR, PVT1, CCAT2, PANDAR, CCAT1, UCA1, SPRY4-IT1, AK058003, and MALAT1) and both mRNAs demonstrated at least a 2-fold change in expression with a more than 95% probability of significance. BCO40587 and SNCG were significantly up-regulated in MBC and NMBC patients (3.2- and 4-fold, respectively) compared with normal controls. The expression of UCA1 was repressed by 1.78-fold in MBC and NMBC patients compared with those with benign diseases. SPRY4-IT1 was down-regulated by 1.45-fold in MBC patients compared with NMBC and benign disease patients. Up-regulation of lncRNAs plays an important role in BC development. SNCG and BCO40587 may be potential prognostic markers for BC.The organization number is IORG0003381 (IRB No: IRB00004025).
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Affiliation(s)
- Basma El-Helkan
- grid.7269.a0000 0004 0621 1570Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science-Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Manal Emam
- grid.7269.a0000 0004 0621 1570Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science-Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marwa Mohanad
- grid.440875.a0000 0004 1765 2064College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, 6th of October ,Giza, Egypt
| | - Shadia Fathy
- grid.7269.a0000 0004 0621 1570Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science-Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abdel Rahman Zekri
- grid.7776.10000 0004 0639 9286Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ola S. Ahmed
- grid.7776.10000 0004 0639 9286Virology and Immunology Unit, Cancer Biology Department, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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6
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Reactive Oxygen Species and Long Non-Coding RNAs, an Unexpected Crossroad in Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231710133. [PMID: 36077530 PMCID: PMC9456385 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231710133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) have recently been identified as key regulators of oxidative stress in several malignancies. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) must be constantly regulated to maintain cancer cell proliferation and chemoresistance and to prevent apoptosis. This review will discuss how lncRNAs alter the ROS level in cancer cells. We will first describe the role of lncRNAs in the nuclear factor like 2 (Nrf-2) coordinated antioxidant response of cancer cells. Secondly, we show how lncRNAs can promote the Warburg effect in cancer cells, thus shifting the cancer cell’s “building blocks” towards molecules important in oxidative stress regulation. Lastly, we explain the role that lncRNAs play in ROS-induced cancer cell apoptosis and proliferation.
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7
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Zhu YS, Zhu J. Molecular and cellular functions of long non-coding RNAs in prostate and breast cancer. Adv Clin Chem 2022; 106:91-179. [PMID: 35152976 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2021.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are defined as noncoding RNA transcripts with a length greater than 200 nucleotides. Research over the last decade has made great strides in our understanding of lncRNAs, especially in the biology of their role in cancer. In this article, we will briefly discuss the biogenesis and characteristics of lncRNAs, then review their molecular and cellular functions in cancer by using prostate and breast cancer as examples. LncRNAs are abundant, diverse, and evolutionarily, less conserved than protein-coding genes. They are often expressed in a tumor and cell-specific manner. As a key epigenetic factor, lncRNAs can use a wide variety of molecular mechanisms to regulate gene expression at each step of the genetic information flow pathway. LncRNAs display widespread effects on cell behavior, tumor growth, and metastasis. They act intracellularly and extracellularly in an autocrine, paracrine and endocrine fashion. Increased understanding of lncRNA's role in cancer has facilitated the development of novel biomarkers for cancer diagnosis, led to greater understanding of cancer prognosis, enabled better prediction of therapeutic responses, and promoted identification of potential targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Shan Zhu
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Clinical and Translational Science Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States.
| | - Jifeng Zhu
- Clinical and Translational Science Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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8
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Talotta R, Bahrami S, Laska MJ. Sequence complementarity between human noncoding RNAs and SARS-CoV-2 genes: What are the implications for human health? Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166291. [PMID: 34662705 PMCID: PMC8518135 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To investigate in silico the presence of nucleotide sequence complementarity between the RNA genome of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome CoronaVirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and human non-coding (nc)RNA genes. Methods The FASTA sequence (NC_045512.2) of each of the 11 SARS-CoV-2 isolate Wuhan-Hu-1 genes was retrieved from NCBI.nlm.nih.gov/gene and the Ensembl.org library interrogated for any base-pair match with human ncRNA genes. SARS-CoV-2 gene-matched human ncRNAs were screened for functional activity using bioinformatic analysis. Finally, associations between identified ncRNAs and human diseases were searched in GWAS databases. Results A total of 252 matches were found between the nucleotide sequence of SARS-CoV-2 genes and human ncRNAs. With the exception of two small nuclear RNAs, all of them were long non-coding (lnc)RNAs expressed mainly in testis and central nervous system under physiological conditions. The percentage of alignment ranged from 91.30% to 100% with a mean nucleotide alignment length of 17.5 ± 2.4. Thirty-three (13.09%) of them contained predicted R-loop forming sequences, but none of these intersected the complementary sequences of SARS-CoV-2. However, in 31 cases matches fell on ncRNA regulatory sites, whose adjacent coding genes are mostly involved in cancer, immunological and neurological pathways. Similarly, several polymorphic variants of detected non-coding genes have been associated with neuropsychiatric and proliferative disorders. Conclusion This pivotal in silico study shows that SARS-CoV-2 genes have Watson-Crick nucleotide complementarity to human ncRNA sequences, potentially disrupting ncRNA epigenetic control of target genes. It remains to be elucidated whether this could result in the development of human disease in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Talotta
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Rheumatology Unit, AOU "Gaetano Martino", University of Messina, Messina, Italy.
| | - Shervin Bahrami
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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9
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Okpechi SC, Yousefi H, Nguyen K, Cheng T, Alahari NV, Collins-Burow B, Burow ME, Alahari SK. Role of Nischarin in the pathology of diseases: a special emphasis on breast cancer. Oncogene 2022; 41:1079-1086. [PMID: 35064214 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02150-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Nischarin has been demonstrated to have tumor suppressor functions. In this review, we comprehensively discuss up to date information about Nischarin. In addition, this paper aims to report the prognostic value, clinical relevance, and biological significance of the Nischarin gene (NISCH) in breast cancer (BCa) patients using the Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets. We evaluated NISCH gene expression and its correlation to patient survival, baseline expression, and expression variation based on age groups, tumor stage, tumor size, tumor grade, and lymph node status in different subtypes of BCa. Since NISCH has been extensively reported to inhibit EMT and cancer cell migration, we also checked for the correlation between NISCH and EMT genes in addition to the correlation between NISCH and cell migration genes. Our results indicate that NISCH is a tumor suppressor that plays a critical role in BCa initiation, progression, and tumor development. We find that there is a higher level of NISCH expression in normal breast tissues compared to breast cancer tissues. Also, aggressive subtypes of breast cancers, such as the triple negative/basal category, have decreased levels of NISCH as the disease progresses. Finally, we report that NISCH is inversely correlated with many EMT and cancer cell migration genes in BCa. Interestingly, we identified a significant negative correlation between NISCH expression and its methylation in breast cancer patients. Overall, the goal of this report is to establish a strong clinical basis for further investigation into the cellular, molecular, and physiological roles of NISCH in BCa. Ultimately, NISCH gene expression might be clinically harnessed as a biomarker or predictor of invasiveness and metastasis in BCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel C Okpechi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine and Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University School of Medicine and Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Hassan Yousefi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine and Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University School of Medicine and Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Khoa Nguyen
- Section of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Thomas Cheng
- Section of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Bridgette Collins-Burow
- Section of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Matthew E Burow
- Section of Hematology & Medical Oncology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Suresh K Alahari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine and Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, Louisiana State University School of Medicine and Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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10
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Malakoti F, Targhazeh N, Karimzadeh H, Mohammadi E, Asadi M, Asemi Z, Alemi F. The Multiple Function of lncRNA MALAT1 in Cancer Occurrence and Progression. Chem Biol Drug Des 2021; 101:1113-1137. [PMID: 34918470 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have received particular attention in the last decade due to its engaging in carcinogenesis and tumorigenesis. Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) is a lncRNA that plays physiological and pathological roles in many aspects of genome function as well as biological processes involved in cell development, differentiation, proliferation, invasion, and migration. In this article, we will review the effects of lncRNA MALAT1 on the progression of six prevalent human cancers by focusing on MALAT1 ability to regulate post-transcriptional modification and signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faezeh Malakoti
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Student's Research committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Niloufar Targhazeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Haniye Karimzadeh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy & Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Erfan Mohammadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.,Drugs Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Milad Asadi
- Drugs Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Forough Alemi
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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11
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Barik GK, Sahay O, Behera A, Naik D, Kalita B. Keep your eyes peeled for long noncoding RNAs: Explaining their boundless role in cancer metastasis, drug resistance, and clinical application. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188612. [PMID: 34391844 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis and drug resistance are two major obstacles in the treatment of cancer and therefore, the leading cause of cancer-associated mortalities worldwide. Hence, an in-depth understanding of these processes and identification of the underlying key players could help design a better therapeutic regimen to treat cancer. Earlier thought to be merely transcriptional junk and having passive or secondary function, recent advances in the genomic research have unravelled that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play pivotal roles in diverse physiological as well as pathological processes including cancer metastasis and drug resistance. LncRNAs can regulate various steps of the complex metastatic cascade such as epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, migration and metastatic colonization, and also affect the sensitivity of cancer cells to various chemotherapeutic drugs. A substantial body of literature for more than a decade of research evince that lncRNAs can regulate gene expression at different levels such as epigenetic, transcriptional, posttranscriptional, translational and posttranslational levels, depending on their subcellular localization and through their ability to interact with DNA, RNA and proteins. In this review, we mainly focus on how lncRNAs affect cancer metastasis by modulating expression of key metastasis-associated genes at various levels of gene regulation. We also discuss how lncRNAs confer cancer cells either sensitivity or resistance to various chemo-therapeutic drugs via different mechanisms. Finally, we highlight the immense potential of lncRNAs as prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers as well as therapeutic targets in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesh Kumar Barik
- Cancer Biology Division, National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India
| | - Osheen Sahay
- Proteomics Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India
| | - Abhayananda Behera
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Debasmita Naik
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad 500046, India
| | - Bhargab Kalita
- Proteomics Laboratory, National Centre for Cell Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, Maharashtra 411007, India.
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12
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Guo L, Zhang X, Pan H, Li Y, Wang J, Li L, Dong Y, Du X, Chen J, Guo F. Prognostic and immunological significance of metastasis associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 among different kinds of cancers. Bioengineered 2021; 12:4247-4258. [PMID: 34308750 PMCID: PMC8806457 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1955511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
LncRNAs belong to the type of noncoding RNA transcripts, which exceed 200 nucleotides in size. MALAT1 as one of the earlier identified lncRNAs in cancer is investigated by more and more scientific researchers. Expression, clinical significance and function of MALAT1 in pan-cancer exist as big difference. To detect the expression and clinical significance of MALAT1 gene precisely and comprehensively among different kinds of cancers, some classical databases such as GEPIA, TIMER, KM Plotter, and PrognoScan were fully applied. An immunological role of MALAT1 among different kinds of cancers was also determined in TIMER database. Our results showed that MALAT1 was differently expressed in different kinds of cancers using GEPIA, Oncomine, and TIMER databases to analyze. Especially, MALAT1 high RNA level was related to the early stage in lung and gastric cancer patients. MALAT1 expression was closely related to prognosis among different cancer patients. Furthermore, expression of MALAT1 was related to tumor immune cell infiltrating. Expression level of MALAT1 was also related to immune makers such as macrophage, T cell, NK cells, and so on. These findings indicate that MALAT1 could be a potential prognostic biomarker of some kinds of cancer and was significantly correlated with tumor-infiltrating immune cells in a wide variety of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Precision Medicine Center, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuwen Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongli Pan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yafang Dong
- Precision Medicine Center, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinxin Du
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengjie Guo
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
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13
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Qiao FH, Tu M, Liu HY. Role of MALAT1 in gynecological cancers: Pathologic and therapeutic aspects. Oncol Lett 2021; 21:333. [PMID: 33692865 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gynecological cancers, including breast, ovarian, uterine, vaginal, cervical and vulvar cancers are among the major threats to modern life, particularly to female health. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play critical roles in normal development of organisms, as well as the tumorigenesis process, and metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) is a large infrequently spliced lncRNA, which have been implicated in different gynecological cancers. MALAT1 is overexpressed in breast, ovarian, cervical and endometrial cancers, which initiates cancer progression by inducing changes in the expression of several anti-apoptotic and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition-related genes. Targeting MALAT1 is an important strategy to combat gynecological cancers, and application of RNA-interference technology and chemotherapeutic process are crucial to target and minimize MALAT1 activity. The present review discusses the role of MALAT1 in gynecological cancers, and potential strategies to target this lncRNA to develop cancer therapeutics. However, further clinical studies are required to determine the prognostic potential of MALAT1 in gynecological cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Hua Qiao
- Department of Gynecology, Second People's Hospital of Jingmen, Jingmen, Hubei 448000, P.R. China
| | - Min Tu
- Department of Orthopedics, Second People's Hospital of Jingmen, Jingmen, Hubei 448000, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Yan Liu
- Department of Gynecology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Jingmen, Jingmen, Hubei 448000, P.R. China
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14
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Understanding the role of integrins in breast cancer invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis, and drug resistance. Oncogene 2021; 40:1043-1063. [PMID: 33420366 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-01588-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are cell adhesion receptors, which are typically transmembrane glycoproteins that connect to the extracellular matrix (ECM). The function of integrins regulated by biochemical events within the cells. Understanding the mechanisms of cell growth by integrins is important in elucidating their effects on tumor progression. One of the major events in integrin signaling is integrin binding to extracellular ligands. Another event is distant signaling that gathers chemical signals from outside of the cell and transmit the signals upon cell adhesion to the inside of the cell. In normal breast tissue, integrins function as checkpoints to monitor effects on cell proliferation, while in cancer tissue these functions altered. The combination of tumor microenvironment and its associated components determines the cell fate. Hypoxia can increase the expression of several integrins. The exosomal integrins promote the growth of metastatic cells. Expression of certain integrins is associated with increased metastasis and decreased prognosis in cancers. In addition, integrin-binding proteins promote invasion and metastasis in breast cancer. Targeting specific integrins and integrin-binding proteins may provide new therapeutic approaches for breast cancer therapies. This review will examine the current knowledge of integrins' role in breast cancer.
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15
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Sheng XY, Wang CH, Wang CF, Xu HY. Long-Chain Non-Coding SOX21-AS1 Promotes Proliferation and Migration of Breast Cancer Cells Through the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:11005-11014. [PMID: 33173334 PMCID: PMC7648155 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s270464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim This study aimed to investigate the effect of long-chain non-coding SOX21-AS1 on the proliferation and migration of breast cancer (BC) cells through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Methods Eighty-eight BC and adjacent tissues were collected, and BC cells and normal breast epithelial cells were purchased. LncRNA SOX21-AS1 expression in tissues and cells was detected by RT-PCR. miR-NC, si-SOX21-AS1, and Sh-SOX21-AS1 were transfected into BC cells. The PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was interfered with L740Y-P (activator of the PI3K/AKT pathway) and LY294002 (inhibitor of the PI3K/AKT pathway) in BC cells. The SOX21-AS1 expression in BC tissues and cells was tested by qRT-PCR, and the expression levels of p-PI3K, p-AKT, N-cadherin, E-cadherin, and vimentin were detected by WB. Results SOX21-AS1 was highly expressed in BC, and the p-PI3K and p-AKT levels were also high. Cell experiments showed that inhibiting SOX21-AS1 expression could inhibit the proliferation, invasion, migration, and EMT of BC cells, and up-regulating its expression could promote the proliferation, invasion, migration, and EMT of ovarian cancer cells. The tumor-forming experiment in nude mice was consistent with the results in vitro. 740Y-P intervention could reverse the inhibition effect of Si-SOX21-AS1 on BC cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and EMT, while LY294002 intervention could reverse the promotion effect of Sh-SOX21-AS1 on BC cell proliferation, invasion, migration, and EMT. Conclusion SOX21-AS1 is highly expressed in BC tissues. Silencing BC expression can inhibit the proliferation, invasion, migration, and EMT of cells by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, which may be a new target for diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiu-Yun Sheng
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The Second People's Hospital of Liaocheng, Liaocheng, Shandong Province, 252600, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Hong Wang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second People's Hospital of Liaocheng, Liaocheng 252600, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Feng Wang
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Liaocheng, Liaocheng 252600, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Yan Xu
- Department of Oncology, The Second People's Hospital of Liaocheng, Liaocheng 252600, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
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16
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Fu S, Wang Y, Li H, Chen L, Liu Q. Regulatory Networks of LncRNA MALAT-1 in Cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:10181-10198. [PMID: 33116873 PMCID: PMC7575067 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s276022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding (lnc)RNAs are a group of RNAs with a length greater than 200 nt that do not encode a protein but play an essential role in regulating the expression of target genes in normal biological contexts as well as pathologic processes including tumorigenesis. The lncRNA metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript (MALAT)-1 has been widely studied in cancer. In this review, we describe the known functions of MALAT-1; its mechanisms of action; and associated signaling pathways and their clinical significance in different cancers. In most malignancies, including lung, colorectal, thyroid, and other cancers, MALAT-1 functions as an oncogene and is upregulated in tumors and tumor cell lines. MALAT-1 has a distinct mechanism of action in each cancer type and is thus at the center of large gene regulatory networks. Dysregulation of MALAT-1 affects cellular processes such as alternative splicing, epithelial–mesenchymal transition, apoptosis, and autophagy, which ultimately results in the abnormal cell proliferation, invasion, and migration that characterize cancers. In other malignancies, such as glioma and endometrial carcinoma, MALAT-1 functions as a tumor suppressor and thus forms additional regulatory networks. The current evidence indicates that MALAT-1 and its associated signaling pathways can serve as diagnostic or prognostic biomarker or therapeutic target in the treatment of many cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shijian Fu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanhong Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yuebei People's Hospital of Shaoguan, The Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University, Shaoguan 512025, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, People's Republic of China
| | - Leilei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanzhong Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, People's Republic of China
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17
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Toraih EA, El-Wazir A, Ageeli EA, Hussein MH, Eltoukhy MM, Killackey MT, Kandil E, Fawzy MS. Unleash multifunctional role of long noncoding RNAs biomarker panel in breast cancer: a predictor classification model. Epigenomics 2020; 12:1215-1237. [PMID: 32812439 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2019-0291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: We aimed to explore the circulating expression profile of nine lncRNAs (MALAT1, HOTAIR, PVT1, H19, ROR, GAS5, ANRIL, BANCR, MIAT) in breast cancer (BC) patients relative to normal and risky individuals. Methods: Serum relative expressions of the specified long non-coding RNAs were quantified in 155 consecutive women, using quantitative reverse-transcription PCR. Random Forest (RF) and decision tree were also applied. Results: Significant MALAT1 upregulation and GAS5 downregulation could discriminate risky women from healthy controls. Overexpression of the other genes showed good diagnostic performances. Lower GAS5 levels were associated with metastasis and recurrence. RF model revealed a better performance when combining gene expression patterns with risk factors. Conclusion: The studied panel could be utilized as diagnostic/prognostic biomarkers in BC, providing promising epigenetic-based therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman A Toraih
- Department of Histology & Cell Biology, Genetics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.,Department of Surgery, Tulane University, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Aya El-Wazir
- Department of Histology & Cell Biology, Genetics Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Essam Al Ageeli
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry (Medical Genetics), Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan 82911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad H Hussein
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Mohamed M Eltoukhy
- College of Computing and Information Technology, Khulais, University of Jeddah, Jeddah 21959, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Computers and Informatics, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Mary T Killackey
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Emad Kandil
- Department of Surgery, Division of Endocrine & Oncologic Surgery, Tulane University, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Manal S Fawzy
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar 1321, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Arun G, Aggarwal D, Spector DL. MALAT1 Long Non-Coding RNA: Functional Implications. Noncoding RNA 2020; 6:E22. [PMID: 32503170 PMCID: PMC7344863 DOI: 10.3390/ncrna6020022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian genome is pervasively transcribed and the functional significance of many long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) transcripts are gradually being elucidated. Metastasis Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1 (MALAT1) is one of the most well-studied lncRNAs. MALAT1 is a highly conserved nuclear retained lncRNA that is abundantly expressed in cells and tissues and has been shown to play a role in regulating genes at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels in a context-dependent manner. However, Malat1 has been shown to be dispensable for normal development and viability in mice. Interestingly, accumulating evidence suggests that MALAT1 plays an important role in numerous diseases including cancer. Here, we discuss the current state-of-knowledge in regard to MALAT1 with respect to its function, role in diseases, and the potential therapeutic opportunities for targeting MALAT1 using antisense oligonucleotides and small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayatri Arun
- Envisagenics, 101 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10013, USA;
| | - Disha Aggarwal
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, NY 11794, USA;
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY 11724, USA
| | - David L. Spector
- Graduate Program in Genetics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, NY 11794, USA;
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, NY 11724, USA
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19
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Metastasis Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1: An update on expression pattern and functions in carcinogenesis. Exp Mol Pathol 2019; 112:104330. [PMID: 31712117 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2019.104330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The Metastasis Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1 (MALAT1) is among long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) which has disapproved the old term of "junk DNA" which was used for majority of human genome which are not transcribed to proteins. An extensive portion of literature points to the fundamental role of this lncRNA in tumorigenesis process of diverse cancers ranging from solid tumors to leukemia. Being firstly identified in lung cancer, it has prognostic and diagnostic values in several cancer types. Consistent with the proposed oncogenic roles for this lncRNA, most of studies have shown up-regulation of MALAT1 in malignant tissues compared with non-malignant/normal tissues of the same source. However, few studies have shown down-regulation of MALAT1 in breast cancer, endometrial cancer, colorectal cancer and glioma. In the current study, we have conducted a comprehensive literature search and provided an up-date on the role of MALAT1 in cancer biology. Our investigation underscores a potential role as a diagnostic/prognostic marker and a putative therapeutic target for MALAT1.
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20
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Yousefi H, Maheronnaghsh M, Molaei F, Mashouri L, Reza Aref A, Momeny M, Alahari SK. Long noncoding RNAs and exosomal lncRNAs: classification, and mechanisms in breast cancer metastasis and drug resistance. Oncogene 2019; 39:953-974. [PMID: 31601996 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-1040-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer, and the second cause of cancer-related deaths (after lung cancer) among women. Developing tumor metastasis and invasion is the most important cause of death in breast cancer patients. Several key factors participate in breast cancer metastasis including long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). lncRNAs are a category of cellular RNAs that are longer than 200 nucleotides in length. Accumulating evidence suggests that lncRNAs have the potential to be promising diagnostic, prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets in breast cancer. Understanding the role of lncRNAs and their mechanisms of functions might help to further discovery of breast cancer biological characteristics. In this review, we discuss physiological functions, epigenetic regulation, transcriptional regulation of lncRNAs, and their important role in tumor progression and metastasis. Some lncRNAs function as oncogenes and some function as tumor suppressors. Interestingly, recent reports depict that hypomethylation of promoters of lncRNAs play a pivotal role in cancer progression, suggesting the importance of epigenetic regulation. Furthermore, we discuss the role of lncRNAs in exosomes and their function in drug resistance, and therapeutic importance of exosomal lncRNAs in cancer biology. In summary, lncRNAs have a great potential to consider them as novel prognostic biomarkers as well as new therapeutic targets in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Yousefi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSUHSC, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Maryam Maheronnaghsh
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Molaei
- Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ladan Mashouri
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Amir Reza Aref
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Majid Momeny
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Suresh K Alahari
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSUHSC, School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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21
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Li X, Chen N, Zhou L, Wang C, Wen X, Jia L, Cui J, Hoffman AR, Hu JF, Li W. Genome-wide target interactome profiling reveals a novel EEF1A1 epigenetic pathway for oncogenic lncRNA MALAT1 in breast cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:714-729. [PMID: 31105998 PMCID: PMC6511647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide, accounting for approximately 500,000 deaths each year. MALAT1 is a highly conserved long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), and its increased expression is associated with relapse and metastatic progression in breast cancer. We performed RNA reverse transcription-associated trap sequencing (RAT-seq) to characterize the genome-wide target interaction network for MALAT1 and showed that MALAT1 interacted with multiple pathway target genes that are closely related to tumor progression and metastasis. Notably, MALAT1 bound to the promoter regulatory element of the translation elongation factor 1-alpha 1 gene EEF1A1. Knockdown of MALAT1 by shRNA caused significant downregulation of EEF1A1 in breast cancer MDA-MB231 and SKRB3 cells. Using a luciferase reporter assay, we showed that knockdown of MALAT1 reduced the promoter activity of EEF1A1 in these two breast cancer cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay indicated that MALAT1 regulated EEF1A1 by altering the histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4) epigenotype in the gene promoter. MALAT1 was overexpressed in breast cancer tissues and breast cancer cells. Knockdown of MALAT1 reduced cell proliferation and invasion by arresting cells at the G0/G1 phase. Ectopic overexpression of EEF1A1 reversed the altered tumor phenotypes induced by MALAT1 shRNA treatment. These data suggest an epigenetic mechanism by which MALAT1 lncRNA facilitates a pro-metastatic phenotype in breast cancer by trans-regulating EEF1A1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueli Li
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University71 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Naifei Chen
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University71 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University71 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
- Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto Veterans Institute for ResearchPalo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Cong Wang
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University71 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Xue Wen
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University71 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Lin Jia
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University71 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
- Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto Veterans Institute for ResearchPalo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Jiuwei Cui
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University71 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Andrew R Hoffman
- Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto Veterans Institute for ResearchPalo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Ji-Fan Hu
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University71 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
- Stanford University Medical School, Palo Alto Veterans Institute for ResearchPalo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Stem Cell and Cancer Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University71 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, Jilin, China
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22
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Abstract
Non-coding RNAs are becoming major players in disease pathogenesis such as cancer. Metastasis Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1 (MALAT1) is a nuclear enriched long non-coding RNA that is generally overexpressed in patient tumors and metastases. Overexpression of MALAT1 has been shown to be positively correlated with tumor progression and metastasis in a large number of tumor types including breast tumors. Surprisingly, a recent report by Kim et al shows a metastasis suppressive role for Malat1. Here, we discuss these results in the context of a large body of published literature that support a pro-tumorigenic role for MALAT1 in order to gain potential insights into the basis of these observed differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayatri Arun
- a Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory , Cold Spring Harbor , NY , USA
| | - David L Spector
- a Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory , Cold Spring Harbor , NY , USA
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