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Peddi A, Sendi MSE, Minton ST, Hinojosa CA, West E, Langhinrichsen-Rohling R, Ressler KJ, Calhoun VD, van Rooij SJH. Towards predicting PTSD symptom severity using portable EEG-derived biomarkers. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.07.17.24310570. [PMID: 39072030 PMCID: PMC11275680 DOI: 10.1101/2024.07.17.24310570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is a heterogeneous mental health disorder that occurs following traumatic experience. Understanding its neurobiological basis is crucial to advance early diagnosis and treatment. Electroencephalography (EEG) can be used to explore the neurobiological basis of PTSD. However, only limited research has explored mobile EEG, which is important for scalability. This proof-of-concept study delves into mobile EEG-derived biomarkers for PTSD and their potential implications. Over four weeks, we measured PTSD symptoms using the PTSD checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5) at multiple timepoints, and we recorded multiple EEG sessions from 21 individuals using a mobile EEG device. In total, we captured 38 EEG sessions, each comprising two recordings that lasted approximately 180 seconds, to evaluate reproducibility. Next, we extracted Shannon entropy, as a measure of the randomness or unpredictability of the signal and spectral power for the fronto-temporal regions of interest, including electrodes at AF3, AF4, T7, and T8 for each EEG recording session. We calculated the partial correlation between the EEG variables and PCL-5 measured closest to the EEG session, using age, sex, and the grouping variable 'batch' as covariates. We observed a significant negative correlation between Shannon entropy in fronto-temporal regions and PCL-5 scores. Specifically, this association was evident in the AF3 ( r = -0.456, FDR-corrected p = 0.01), AF4 ( r = -0.362, FDR-corrected p = 0.04), and T7 ( r = -0.472, FDR-corrected p = 0.01) regions. Additionally, we found a significant negative association between the alpha power estimated from AF4 and PCL-5 ( r =-0.429, FDR-corrected p =0.04). Our findings suggest that EEG data acquired using a mobile EEG device is associated with PTSD symptom severity, offering valuable insights into the neurobiological mechanisms underlying PTSD.
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Sun Y, Sun J, Chen X, Wang Y, Gao X. EEG signatures of cognitive decline after mild SARS-CoV-2 infection: an age-dependent study. BMC Med 2024; 22:257. [PMID: 38902696 PMCID: PMC11188525 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-024-03481-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current research on the neurological impact of SARS-CoV-2 primarily focuses on the elderly or severely ill individuals. This study aims to explore the diverse neurological consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection, with a particular focus on mildly affected children and adolescents. METHODS A cohort study was conducted to collect pre- and post-infection resting-state electroencephalogram (EEG) data from 185 participants and 181 structured questionnaires of long-term symptoms across four distinct age groups. The goal was to comprehensively evaluate the impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection on these different age demographics. The study analyzed EEG changes of SARS-CoV-2 by potential biomarkers across age groups using both spatial and temporal approaches. RESULTS Spatial analysis indicated that children and adolescents exhibit smaller changes in brain network and microstate patterns post-infection, implying a milder cognitive impact. Sequential linear analyses showed that SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with a marked rise in low-complexity, synchronized neural activity within low-frequency EEG bands. This is evidenced by a significant increase in Hjorth activity within the theta band and Hjorth mobility in the delta band. Sequential nonlinear analysis indicated a significant reduction in the Hurst exponent across all age groups, pointing to increased chaos and complexity within the cognitive system following infection. Furthermore, linear regression analysis based on questionnaires established a significant positive relationship between the magnitude of changes in these neural indicators and the persistence of long-term symptoms post-infection. CONCLUSIONS The findings underscore the enduring neurological impacts of SARS-CoV-2 infection, marked by cognitive decline and increased EEG disarray. Although children and adolescents experienced milder effects, cognitive decline and heightened low-frequency electrical activity were evident. These observations might contribute to understanding potential anxiety, insomnia, and neurodevelopmental implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yike Sun
- The School of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jingnan Sun
- The School of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiaogang Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Yijun Wang
- Institute of Semiconductor, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaorong Gao
- The School of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Foster M, Scheinost D. Brain states as wave-like motifs. Trends Cogn Sci 2024; 28:492-503. [PMID: 38582654 DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
There is ample evidence of wave-like activity in the brain at multiple scales and levels. This emerging literature supports the broader adoption of a wave perspective of brain activity. Specifically, a brain state can be described as a set of recurring, sequential patterns of propagating brain activity, namely a wave. We examine a collective body of experimental work investigating wave-like properties. Based on these works, we consider brain states as waves using a scale-agnostic framework across time and space. Emphasis is placed on the sequentiality and periodicity associated with brain activity. We conclude by discussing the implications, prospects, and experimental opportunities of this framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Foster
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Dustin Scheinost
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Kamrud A, Borghetti B, Schubert Kabban C. The Effects of Individual Differences, Non-Stationarity, and the Importance of Data Partitioning Decisions for Training and Testing of EEG Cross-Participant Models. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 21:3225. [PMID: 34066595 PMCID: PMC8125354 DOI: 10.3390/s21093225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
EEG-based deep learning models have trended toward models that are designed to perform classification on any individual (cross-participant models). However, because EEG varies across participants due to non-stationarity and individual differences, certain guidelines must be followed for partitioning data into training, validation, and testing sets, in order for cross-participant models to avoid overestimation of model accuracy. Despite this necessity, the majority of EEG-based cross-participant models have not adopted such guidelines. Furthermore, some data repositories may unwittingly contribute to the problem by providing partitioned test and non-test datasets for reasons such as competition support. In this study, we demonstrate how improper dataset partitioning and the resulting improper training, validation, and testing of a cross-participant model leads to overestimated model accuracy. We demonstrate this mathematically, and empirically, using five publicly available datasets. To build the cross-participant models for these datasets, we replicate published results and demonstrate how the model accuracies are significantly reduced when proper EEG cross-participant model guidelines are followed. Our empirical results show that by not following these guidelines, error rates of cross-participant models can be underestimated between 35% and 3900%. This misrepresentation of model performance for the general population potentially slows scientific progress toward truly high-performing classification models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Kamrud
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433, USA; (B.B.); (C.S.K.)
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Karimi J, Asl BM. Automatic detection of non-apneic sleep arousal regions from polysomnographic recordings. Biomed Signal Process Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bspc.2020.102394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Nguyen PTM, Hayashi Y, Baptista MDS, Kondo T. Collective almost synchronization-based model to extract and predict features of EEG signals. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16342. [PMID: 33004963 PMCID: PMC7530765 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73346-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the brain is important in the fields of science, medicine, and engineering. A promising approach to better understand the brain is through computing models. These models were adjusted to reproduce data collected from the brain. One of the most commonly used types of data in neuroscience comes from electroencephalography (EEG), which records the tiny voltages generated when neurons in the brain are activated. In this study, we propose a model based on complex networks of weakly connected dynamical systems (Hindmarsh-Rose neurons or Kuramoto oscillators), set to operate in a dynamic regime recognized as Collective Almost Synchronization (CAS). Our model not only successfully reproduces EEG data from both healthy and epileptic EEG signals, but it also predicts EEG features, the Hurst exponent, and the power spectrum. The proposed model is able to forecast EEG signals 5.76 s in the future. The average forecasting error was 9.22%. The random Kuramoto model produced the outstanding result for forecasting seizure EEG with an error of 11.21%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong Thi Mai Nguyen
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan
| | - Yoshikatsu Hayashi
- Biomedical Science/Engineering, School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6UR, UK
| | - Murilo Da Silva Baptista
- Institute for Complex System and Mathematical Biology, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3UE, UK
| | - Toshiyuki Kondo
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, 184-8588, Japan.
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Correlation of EEG spectra, connectivity, and information theoretical biomarkers with psychological states in the epilepsy monitoring unit - A pilot study. Epilepsy Behav 2019; 99:106485. [PMID: 31493735 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.106485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
At the level of individual experience, the relation between electroencephalographic (EEG) phenomena and subjective ratings of psychological states is poorly examined. This study investigated the correlation of quantitative EEG markers with systematic high-frequency monitoring of psychological states in patients admitted to the epilepsy monitoring unit (EMU). We used a digital questionnaire, including eight standardized items about stress, energy level, mood, ward atmosphere, seizure likelihood, hopefulness/frustration, boredom, and self-efficacy. Self-assessments were collected four times per day, in total 15 times during the stay in the EMU. We extracted brainrate, Hjorth parameters, Hurst exponent, Wackermann parameters, and power spectral density from the EEG. We performed correlation between these quantitative EEG measures and responses to the 8 items and evaluated their significance on single subject and on group level. Twenty-one consecutive patients (12 women/9 men, median age: 29 years, range: 18-74 years) were recruited. On group level, no significant correlations were found whereas on single-subject level, we found significant correlations for 6 out of 21 patients. Most significant correlations were found between Hjorth parameters and items that reflect changes in mood or stress. This study supports the feasibility of correlating quantitative EEG measures with psychological states in routine EMU settings and emphasizes the need for single-subject statistics when assessing aspects with high interindividual variance. Future studies should select samples with high within-subject variability of psychological states and examine a subsample with patients encountering a critical number of seizures needed in order to relate the psychological states to the ultimate question: Are psychological states potential indicators for seizure likelihood?
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Witton C, Sergeyev SV, Turitsyna EG, Furlong PL, Seri S, Brookes M, Turitsyn SK. Rogue bioelectrical waves in the brain: the Hurst exponent as a potential measure for presurgical mapping in epilepsy. J Neural Eng 2019; 16:056019. [DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ab225e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Rahmani B, Wong CK, Norouzzadeh P, Bodurka J, McKinney B. Correction: Dynamical Hurst analysis identifies EEG channel differences between PTSD and healthy controls. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214527. [PMID: 30897145 PMCID: PMC6428277 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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