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Tsai CW, Chen CK. River Dust-Induced Air Pollution in a Changing Climate: A Study of Taiwan's Choshui and Kaoping Rivers. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024:124398. [PMID: 38925217 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates river dust episodes along the Choshui and Kaoping Rivers in Taiwan, focusing on their spatiotemporal distribution and correlation with hydrometeorological factors (temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, and wind speed). Using the Improved Complete Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise (ICEEMDAN) algorithm and time-dependent intrinsic correlation (TDIC) analysis, we identified significant annual and diurnal correlations between PM10 concentrations and these factors. The analysis revealed that wind speed at Lunbei station had a positive annual correlation with PM10, while other factors exhibited significant negative correlations. Seasonal variations in PM10 correlations with temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed were observed, aligning with the prevailing seasons of river dust episodes. Wind motion analysis highlighted diurnal associations with land-sea breezes and annual correlations with the winter monsoon. Specifically, the Choshui River's dust events coincided with the northeast monsoon, whereas the Kaoping River's events occurred during the northwest and southwest monsoons. The study also uncovered that downstream stations (Lunbei and Daliao) were more prone to severe dust events than upstream stations (Douliu and Pingtung). These findings enhance our understanding of the dynamics and environmental impacts of river dust episodes, providing valuable insights for air quality management and health risk mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina W Tsai
- , Department of Civil Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Kuang Chen
- , Department of Civil Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Pongpiachan S, Wang Q, Apiratikul R, Tipmanee D, Li L, Xing L, Mao X, Li G, Han Y, Cao J, Surapipith V, Aekakkararungroj A, Poshyachinda S. Combined use of principal component analysis/multiple linear regression analysis and artificial neural network to assess the impact of meteorological parameters on fluctuation of selected PM2.5-bound elements. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0287187. [PMID: 38507443 PMCID: PMC10954151 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Based on the data of the State of Global Air (2020), air quality deterioration in Thailand has caused ~32,000 premature deaths, while the World Health Organization evaluated that air pollutants can decrease the life expectancy in the country by two years. PM2.5 was collected at three air quality observatory sites in Chiang-Mai, Bangkok, and Phuket, Thailand, from July 2020 to June 2021. The concentrations of 25 elements (Na, Mg, Al, Si, S, Cl, K, Ca, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, Se, Br, Sr, Ba, and Pb) were quantitatively characterised using energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Potential adverse health impacts of some element exposures from inhaling PM2.5 were estimated by employing the hazard quotient and excess lifetime cancer risk. Higher cancer risks were detected in PM2.5 samples collected at the sampling site in Bangkok, indicating that vehicle exhaust adversely impacts human health. Principal component analysis suggests that traffic emissions, crustal inputs coupled with maritime aerosols, and construction dust were the three main potential sources of PM2.5. Artificial neural networks underlined agricultural waste burning and relative humidity as two major factors controlling the air quality of Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwatt Pongpiachan
- NIDA Center for Research & Development of Disaster Prevention & Management, School of Social and Environmental Development, National Institute of Development Administration (NIDA), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Qiyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IEECAS), Xi’an, China
| | | | - Danai Tipmanee
- Faculty of Technology and Environment, Prince of Songkla University, Phuket, Thailand
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IEECAS), Xi’an, China
| | - Li Xing
- School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xingli Mao
- School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, China
| | - Guohui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IEECAS), Xi’an, China
| | - Yongming Han
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IEECAS), Xi’an, China
| | - Junji Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (IEECAS), Xi’an, China
| | - Vanisa Surapipith
- National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand (Public Organization), Chiangmai, Thailand
| | | | - Saran Poshyachinda
- National Astronomical Research Institute of Thailand (Public Organization), Chiangmai, Thailand
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Chiarello DI, Ustáriz J, Marín R, Carrasco-Wong I, Farías M, Giordano A, Gallardo FS, Illanes SE, Gutiérrez J. Cellular mechanisms linking to outdoor and indoor air pollution damage during pregnancy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1084986. [PMID: 36875486 PMCID: PMC9974835 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1084986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnancies are a critical window period for environmental influences over the mother and the offspring. There is a growing body of evidence associating indoor and outdoor air pollution exposure to adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm birth and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Particulate matter (PM) could trigger oxi-inflammation and could also reach the placenta leading to placental damage with fetal consequences. The combination of strategies such as risk assessment, advise about risks of environmental exposures to pregnant women, together with nutritional strategies and digital solutions to monitor air quality can be effective in mitigating the effects of air pollution during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia I. Chiarello
- Cellular Signaling and Differentiation Laboratory (CSDL), School of Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine and Science, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Delia I. Chiarello, ; Jaime Gutiérrez,
| | - Javier Ustáriz
- Department of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Reinaldo Marín
- Center for Biophysics and Biochemistry (CBB), Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research (IVIC), Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Ivo Carrasco-Wong
- Cellular Signaling and Differentiation Laboratory (CSDL), School of Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine and Science, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcelo Farías
- Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ady Giordano
- Inorganic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemistry and of Pharmacy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe S. Gallardo
- Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sebastián E. Illanes
- Reproductive Biology Program, Center for Biomedical Research and Innovation (CiiB), Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
- IMPACT, Center of Interventional Medicine for Precision and Advanced Cellular Therapy, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime Gutiérrez
- Cellular Signaling and Differentiation Laboratory (CSDL), School of Medical Technology, Faculty of Medicine and Science, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Delia I. Chiarello, ; Jaime Gutiérrez,
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Investigating the Relationship between Air Pollutants and Meteorological Parameters Using Satellite Data over Bangladesh. REMOTE SENSING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14122757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Understanding of the relationship between air pollutants and meteorological parameters on the regional scale is a prerequisite for setting up air pollution prevention and control strategies; however, there is a lack of methodical investigations, particularly in the context of Bangladesh’s deficiency of information on air pollution. This study represents the first attempt to investigate the relationship between air pollutants (NO2, O3, SO2, and CO) and meteorological parameters over Bangladesh using satellite data (OMI and MOPITT) during the period from 2015 to 2020. Geographically weighted regression (GWR) modelling was utilized to assess the relationship between air pollutants and weather variables. The spatial representation and average values of geographically varying coefficients showed that the column densities of air pollutants were affected by the meteorological parameters. For example, NO2 was positively associated with temperature in most of the studied regions, with an average geographically varying coefficient value of 0.12 Dobson units (DU, 1 DU = 2.687 × 1016 molecules/cm2), indicating that NO2 concentrations increase by 0.12 DU/year with every unit increase in temperature. The sources of NO2 and SO2 in Dhaka were identified through emission inventory analysis, and transportation and industry emissions were the most significant influencing factors for NO2 and SO2, respectively. Temperature and pressure showed a higher degree of relationship with all four air pollutants compared with other parameters. The results and discussion presented in this study can be of benefit for policy makers in developing air pollution control strategies in Bangladesh.
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Yin S. Exploring the relationships between ground-measured particulate matter and satellite-retrieved aerosol parameters in China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:44348-44363. [PMID: 35129746 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19049-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations from 367 cities in China were integrated with MODIS-retrieved aerosol optical depth (AOD) and Angstrom exponent (AE) data to explore the relationship between ground-measured surface particle concentrations and remote-sensing aerosol parameters. The impact of meteorological and topographical factors and seasonality were also taken into consideration and the partial least squares (PLS) regression model was adopted to evaluate the effects of surface particulate matter (PM) concentration and meteorological factors on the variation of aerosol parameters. PM concentrations and aerosol parameters all presented strong spatial disparity and seasonal patterns in China. After implementation of stringent clean air actions and policies, both the ground-measured and satellite-retrieved aerosol parameters revealed that the concentrations of suspended particles in China's cities declined dramatically from 2015 to 2018. The PM/AOD ratio showed conspicuous south-north and west-east differences. The ratio was strongly correlated to meteorological and topographic factors, and it tended to be higher in arid and less polluted regions. Moreover, the dominant factors affecting seasonal PM/AOD ratios varied among China's five regions. The correlations of daily PM-AOD were always strong in southwest China and in basin terrain (e.g., Sichuan Basin and Tarim Basin). In contrast, the PM-AOD correlation was found to be negative in some cities on the Tibetan Plateau because local relative humidity makes a greater contribution to AOD variation. Since the climate is arid and the ratio of coarse particles (e.g., PM10) is much higher, PM tended to have a significantly negative correlation with AE in northwestern cities. Whereas in many southern cities, PM was positively correlated with AE because of the area's high relative humidity and aerosol hygroscopic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yin
- Earth System Division, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, 3058506, Japan.
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Influence of number of visitors and weather conditions on airborne particulate matter mass concentrations at the Plitvice Lakes National Park, Croatia during summer and autumn. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2022; 73:1-14. [PMID: 35390243 PMCID: PMC8999585 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2022-73-3610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the influence of local meteorological conditions and number of visitors on ambient particulate matter (PM) mass concentrations and particle fraction ratios at the Plitvice Lakes National Park between July and October 2018. Outdoor mass concentrations of particles with aerodynamic diameters of less than 1, 2.5, and 10 μm (PM1, PM2.5, and PM10, respectively) and indoor PM1 were measured with two light-scattering laser photometers set up near the largest and most visited Kozjak Lake. Our findings suggest that the particles mainly originated from background sources, although some came from local anthropogenic activities. More specifically, increases in both indoor and outdoor mass concentrations coincided with the increase in the number of visitors. Indoor PM1 concentrations also increased with increase in outdoor air temperature, while outdoor PMs exhibited U-shaped dependence (i.e., concentrations increased only at higher outdoor air temperatures). This behaviour and the decrease in the PM1/PM2.5 ratio with higher temperatures suggests that the production and growth of particles is influenced by photochemical reactions. The obtained spectra also pointed to a daily but not to weekly periodicity of PM levels.
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Choi H, Lee H, Kim DH, Lee KK, Kim Y. Physicochemical and isotopic properties of ambient aerosols and precipitation particles during winter in Seoul, South Korea. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:11990-12008. [PMID: 34558045 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16328-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to characterize the physicochemical properties and microbial communities of particulate matter (PM) in Seoul, Korea. We collected long-term (2017-2019) precipitation samples and PM10 and PM2.5 monitoring data to determine the impact of soluble and insoluble chemical species on the soil surface. Ambient PM10 concentrations were higher than PM2.5 concentrations during the monitoring period, but both decreased during rainfall due to the washing effect of precipitation. PM2.5 particles had a "fluffy" shape and contained sulfur (0.2%), but suspended particles (SPs) contained many carbon particles (approximately 60%). Spherical particles containing metal oxides, Fe and Al, might be originated from coal combustion, wild fires, and metal-refining processes under high-temperature conditions. Dissolved ions in precipitation included those eluted from salts and coal combustion based on the correlation coefficients of Na and Cl (R = 0.953) and F and NO3 (R = 0.706). The δ15N-NO3 and δ34S-SO4 of precipitation were enriched as the atmospheric temperature decreased from 9.8 to -1.6°C, implying the influence of domestic coal combustion. Backward trajectories showed that, in winter, air parcels passed through industrialized cities from China to South Korea. The microbial communities associated with PM were strongly influenced by atmospheric conditions. Proteobacteria (range from 4.6 to 76.7%) and Firmicutes (range from 6.0 to 91.4%) were the most dominant phyla and were significantly affected by changes in the PM2.5 environment. The results indicate that the acidity of precipitation and the composition of aerosols were affected by fossil fuel combustion and mineral dust, and that atmospheric conditions may change as PM2.5 concentrations increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Choi
- Groundwater Research Center, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon, 34132, Korea
| | - Heejo Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwank-ro, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - Dong-Hun Kim
- Groundwater Research Center, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon, 34132, Korea
| | - Kang-Kun Lee
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, 1 Gwank-ro, Seoul, 08826, Korea.
| | - Yongcheol Kim
- Groundwater Research Center, Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources, Daejeon, 34132, Korea
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Tefera W, Kumie A, Berhane K, Gilliland F, Lai A, Sricharoenvech P, Patz J, Samet J, Schauer JJ. Source Apportionment of Fine Organic Particulate Matter (PM 2.5) in Central Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:11608. [PMID: 34770121 PMCID: PMC8583055 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The development of infrastructure, a rapidly increasing population, and urbanization has resulted in increasing air pollution levels in the African city of Addis Ababa. Prior investigations into air pollution have not yet sufficiently addressed the sources of atmospheric particulate matter. This study aims to identify the major sources of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and its seasonal contribution in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Twenty-four-hour average PM2.5 mass samples were collected every 6th day, from November 2015 through November 2016. Chemical species were measured in samples and source apportionment was conducted using a chemical mass balance (CMB) receptor model that uses particle-phase organic tracer concentrations to estimate source contributions to PM2.5 organic carbon (OC) and the overall PM2.5 mass. Vehicular sources (28%), biomass burning (18.3%), plus soil dust (17.4%) comprise about two-thirds of the PM2.5 mass, followed by sulfate (6.5%). The sources of air pollution vary seasonally, particularly during the main wet season (June-September) and short rain season (February-April): From motor vehicles, (31.0 ± 2.6%) vs. (24.7 ± 1.2%); biomass burning, (21.5 ± 5%) vs. (14 ± 2%); and soil dust, (11 ± 6.4%) vs. (22.7 ± 8.4%), respectively, are amongst the three principal sources of ambient PM2.5 mass in the city. We suggest policy measures focusing on transportation, cleaner fuel or energy, waste management, and increasing awareness on the impact of air pollution on the public's health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Worku Tefera
- School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa 9086, Ethiopia; or
| | - Abera Kumie
- School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa 9086, Ethiopia; or
| | - Kiros Berhane
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - Frank Gilliland
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA;
| | - Alexandra Lai
- Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (A.L.); (P.S.); (J.J.S.)
| | - Piyaporn Sricharoenvech
- Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (A.L.); (P.S.); (J.J.S.)
| | - Jonathan Patz
- Global Health Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA;
| | - Jonathan Samet
- Office of the Dean, Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO 80045, USA;
| | - James J. Schauer
- Environmental Chemistry and Technology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; (A.L.); (P.S.); (J.J.S.)
- Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Jang BK, Park K, Lee SY, Lee H, Yeon SH, Ji B, Lee CH, Cho JS. Screening of Particulate Matter Reduction Ability of 21 Indigenous Korean Evergreen Species for Indoor Use. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18189803. [PMID: 34574725 PMCID: PMC8466017 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The formation and pollution of particulate matter (PM), a side effect of rapid industrialization and urbanization, is considered a global issue. However, various plant species are able to effectively capture and reduce atmospheric PM concentrations. We investigated the indoor growth and morphology of 21 indigenous Korean evergreen species at low light intensities to ascertain their ability to reduce PM of aerosol particles in a closed acrylic chamber. The decrease in PM mass concentration differed significantly across species, with a significant correlation (8 h; p < 0.001). The reduction in the mass concentration of PM differed with particle size and across species. The highest reduction of PM2.5 occurred after 8 h with Dryopteris lacera (86.8%), Ilex × wandoensis (84.9%), Machilus thunbergii (84.3%), and Rhododendron brachycarpum (84.0%). Reduction of PM10 after 8 h was highest with Cephalotaxus harringtonii (98.3%), I. × wandoensis (98.5%), M. thunbergii (98.5%), and R. brachycarpum (98.3%). Plant morphological characteristics (category, plant height, leaf shape, leaf area) and relative humidity were closely related to the decrease in PM mass concentration. In conclusion, our findings can be used to identify Korean plant species that can reduce PM concentration and are suitable for indoor use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Kook Jang
- Division of Animal, Horticultural and Food Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (B.-K.J.); (K.P.); (S.Y.L.); (H.L.); (S.H.Y.); (B.J.); (C.H.L.)
- Brain Korea 21 Center for Bio-Health Industry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Kyungtae Park
- Division of Animal, Horticultural and Food Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (B.-K.J.); (K.P.); (S.Y.L.); (H.L.); (S.H.Y.); (B.J.); (C.H.L.)
- Brain Korea 21 Center for Bio-Health Industry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Sang Yeob Lee
- Division of Animal, Horticultural and Food Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (B.-K.J.); (K.P.); (S.Y.L.); (H.L.); (S.H.Y.); (B.J.); (C.H.L.)
- Brain Korea 21 Center for Bio-Health Industry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Hamin Lee
- Division of Animal, Horticultural and Food Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (B.-K.J.); (K.P.); (S.Y.L.); (H.L.); (S.H.Y.); (B.J.); (C.H.L.)
- Brain Korea 21 Center for Bio-Health Industry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Soo Ho Yeon
- Division of Animal, Horticultural and Food Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (B.-K.J.); (K.P.); (S.Y.L.); (H.L.); (S.H.Y.); (B.J.); (C.H.L.)
- Brain Korea 21 Center for Bio-Health Industry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Boran Ji
- Division of Animal, Horticultural and Food Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (B.-K.J.); (K.P.); (S.Y.L.); (H.L.); (S.H.Y.); (B.J.); (C.H.L.)
- Brain Korea 21 Center for Bio-Health Industry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Cheol Hee Lee
- Division of Animal, Horticultural and Food Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (B.-K.J.); (K.P.); (S.Y.L.); (H.L.); (S.H.Y.); (B.J.); (C.H.L.)
- Brain Korea 21 Center for Bio-Health Industry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Ju-Sung Cho
- Division of Animal, Horticultural and Food Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea; (B.-K.J.); (K.P.); (S.Y.L.); (H.L.); (S.H.Y.); (B.J.); (C.H.L.)
- Brain Korea 21 Center for Bio-Health Industry, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
- Correspondence:
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Fathima A, Shivkumar C, Meenakshi R, Venkatesh R, Rajesh V, Ramakrishnan R. Novel device to contain aerosols during phacoemulsification. Indian J Ophthalmol 2021; 69:1605-1608. [PMID: 34011751 PMCID: PMC8302302 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_3478_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
We herein describe a novel device to contain droplets and aerosols during phacoemulsification. We modified the silicon phaco test chamber into an aerosol containment chamber (ACC) by shortening the chamber and making a pear-shaped opening at one aspect of its tip. The ACC was fitted over phaco tip such that 4-5 mm of phaco tip and sleeve was exposed. When the phaco tip and irrigation port are inside the anterior chamber during phacoemulsification, the portion of the modified chamber remains around the clear corneal tunnel in an enclosing manner that contains aerosols and droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allapitchai Fathima
- Department of Paediatric Ophthalmology, Aravind Eye Hospital, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Ravindran Meenakshi
- Department of Paediatric Ophthalmology, Aravind Eye Hospital, Pondicherry, India
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Hubai K, Székely O, Teke G, Kováts N. Is essential oil production influenced by air pollution in Ocimum basilicum L.? BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2021.104248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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12
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Stewart JD, Kremer P, Shakya KM, Conway M, Saad A. Outdoor Atmospheric Microbial Diversity Is Associated With Urban Landscape Structure and Differs From Indoor-Transit Systems as Revealed by Mobile Monitoring and Three-Dimensional Spatial Analysis. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.620461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbes are abundant inhabitants of the near-surface atmosphere in urban areas. The distribution of microbial communities may benefit or hinder human wellbeing and ecosystem function. Surveys of airborne microbial diversity are uncommon in both natural and built environments and those that investigate diversity are stationary in the city, thus missing continuous exposure to microbes that covary with three-dimensional urban structure. Individuals in cities are generally mobile and would be exposed to diverse urban structures outdoors and within indoor-transit systems in a day. We used mobile monitoring of microbial diversity and geographic information system spatial analysis, across Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA in outdoor and indoor-transit (subways and train cars) environments. This study identifies to the role of the three-dimensional urban landscape in structuring atmospheric microbiomes and employs mobile monitoring over ~1,920 kilometers to measure continuous biodiversity. We found more diverse communities outdoors that significantly differ from indoor-transit air in microbial community structure, function, likely source environment, and potentially pathogenic fraction of the community. Variation in the structure of the urban landscape was associated with diversity and function of the near-surface atmospheric microbiome in outdoor samples.
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Corada K, Woodward H, Alaraj H, Collins CM, de Nazelle A. A systematic review of the leaf traits considered to contribute to removal of airborne particulate matter pollution in urban areas. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 269:116104. [PMID: 33339707 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Global urban planning has promoted green infrastructure (GI) such as street trees, shrubs or other greenspace in order to mitigate air pollution. Although considerable attention has been paid to understanding particulate matter (PM) deposition on GI, there has been little focus on identifying which leaf traits might maximise airborne PM removal. This paper examines existing literature to synthesize the state of knowledge on leaf traits most relevant to PM removal. We systematically reviewed measurement studies that evaluated particulate matter accumulated on leaves on street trees, shrubs green roofs, and green walls, for a variety of leaf traits. Our final selection included 62 papers, most from field studies and a handful from wind tunnel studies. The following were variously promoted as useful traits: coniferous needle leaves; small, rough and textured broadleaves; lanceolate and ovate shapes; waxy coatings, and high-density trichomes. Consideration of these leaf traits, many of which are also associated with drought tolerance, may help to maximise PM capture. Although effective leaf traits were identified, there is no strong or consistent evidence to identify which is the most influential leaf trait in capturing PM. The diversity in sampling methods, wide comparison groups and lack of background PM concentration measures in many studies limited our ability to synthesize results. We found that several ancillary factors contribute to variations in the accumulation of PM on leaves, thus cannot recommend that selection of urban planting species be based primarily on leaf traits. Further research into the vegetation structural features and standardization of the method to measure PM on leaves is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Corada
- Imperial College London, Centre for Environmental Policy, UK.
| | - Huw Woodward
- Imperial College London, Centre for Environmental Policy, UK
| | - Hiba Alaraj
- Imperial College London, Centre for Environmental Policy, UK
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14
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Shahid M, Dumat C, Niazi NK, Xiong TT, Farooq ABU, Khalid S. Ecotoxicology of Heavy Metal(loid)-Enriched Particulate Matter: Foliar Accumulation by Plants and Health Impacts. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 253:65-113. [PMID: 31897760 DOI: 10.1007/398_2019_38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Atmospheric contamination by heavy metal-enriched particulate matter (metal-PM) is highly topical nowadays because of its high persistence and toxic nature. Metal-PMs are emitted to the atmosphere by various natural and anthropogenic activities, the latter being the major source. After being released into the atmosphere, metal-PM can travel over a long distance and can deposit on the buildings, water, soil, and plant canopy. In this way, these metal-PMs can contaminate different parts of the ecosystem. In addition, metal-PMs can be directly inhaled by humans and induce several health effects. Therefore, it is of great importance to understand the fate and behavior of these metal-PMs in the environment. In this review, we highlighted the atmospheric contamination by metal-PMs, possible sources, speciation, transport over a long distance, and deposition on soil, plants, and buildings. This review also describes the foliar deposition and uptake of metal-PMs by plants. Moreover, the inhalation of these metal-PMs by humans and the associated health risks have been critically discussed. Finally, the article proposed some key management strategies and future perspectives along with the summary of the entire review. The abovementioned facts about the biogeochemical behavior of metal-PMs in the ecosystem have been supported with well-summarized tables (total 14) and figures (4), which make this review article highly informative and useful for researchers, scientists, students, policymakers, and the organizations involved in development and management. It is proposed that management strategies should be developed and adapted to cope with atmospheric release and contamination of metal-PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Camille Dumat
- Centre d'Etude et de Recherche Travail Organisation Pouvoir (CERTOP), UMR5044, Université J. Jaurès - Toulouse II, Toulouse, Cedex 9, France.
- Université de Toulouse, INP-ENSAT, Auzeville-Tolosane, France.
- Association Réseau-Agriville, Toulouse, France.
| | - Nabeel Khan Niazi
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- School of Civil Engineering and Surveying, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, QLD, Australia
| | - Tian Tian Xiong
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Abu Bakr Umer Farooq
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sana Khalid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
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15
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Importance of Urban Green at Reduction of Particulate Matters in Sihwa Industrial Complex, Korea. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12187647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The utilization of urban green areas has increased, but it is unclear whether urban green areas can decrease the concentration of particulate matter at an industrial complex city in Korea. We measured the extent of particulate matter (PM) reduction at a buffer green area in the Sihwa Industrial Complex. PM was measured at the industrial complex, the urban green area, and a nearby residential area from April to October 2019. PM reduction rates were highest at the urban green area in August and October, which is related to increased atmospheric mixing height and the active west wind blowing from the industrial complex to the residential area. Reduction rates of PM10 and PM2.5 at the urban green area showed the lowest values, namely 14.4% and 25.3%, respectively. The air temperature, wind speed, and humidity could affect the PM reduction rate by influencing the movement and dispersion of PM at the micro-spatiotemporal scale. These results indicated that PM concentration could be reduced by the structural change of a forest layer at a micro scale in urban green areas.
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16
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Stahl C, Cruz MT, Bañaga PA, Betito G, Braun RA, Aghdam MA, Cambaliza MO, Lorenzo GR, MacDonald AB, Pabroa PC, Yee JR, Simpas JB, Sorooshian A. An annual time series of weekly size-resolved aerosol properties in the megacity of Metro Manila, Philippines. Sci Data 2020; 7:128. [PMID: 32350280 PMCID: PMC7190854 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-020-0466-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Size-resolved aerosol samples were collected in Metro Manila between July 2018 and October 2019. Two Micro-Orifice Uniform Deposit Impactors (MOUDI) were deployed at Manila Observatory in Quezon City, Metro Manila with samples collected on a weekly basis for water-soluble speciation and mass quantification. Additional sets were collected for gravimetric and black carbon analysis, including during special events such as holidays. The unique aspect of the presented data is a year-long record with weekly frequency of size-resolved aerosol composition in a highly populated megacity where there is a lack of measurements. The data are suitable for research to understand the sources, evolution, and fate of atmospheric aerosols, as well as studies focusing on phenomena such as aerosol-cloud-precipitation-meteorology interactions, regional climate, boundary layer processes, and health effects. The dataset can be used to initialize, validate, and/or improve models and remote sensing algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor Stahl
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Melliza Templonuevo Cruz
- Manila Observatory, Quezon City, 1108, Philippines
- Institute of Environmental Science and Meteorology, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City, 1101, Philippines
| | - Paola Angela Bañaga
- Manila Observatory, Quezon City, 1108, Philippines
- Department of Physics, School of Science and Engineering, Ateneo de Manila University, Quezon City, 1108, Philippines
| | - Grace Betito
- Manila Observatory, Quezon City, 1108, Philippines
- Department of Physics, School of Science and Engineering, Ateneo de Manila University, Quezon City, 1108, Philippines
| | - Rachel A Braun
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Mojtaba Azadi Aghdam
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Maria Obiminda Cambaliza
- Manila Observatory, Quezon City, 1108, Philippines
- Department of Physics, School of Science and Engineering, Ateneo de Manila University, Quezon City, 1108, Philippines
| | - Genevieve Rose Lorenzo
- Manila Observatory, Quezon City, 1108, Philippines
- Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Alexander B MacDonald
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Preciosa Corazon Pabroa
- Department of Science and Technology, Philippine Nuclear Research Institute, Commonwealth Avenue, Diliman, Quezon City, 1101, Philippines
| | - John Robin Yee
- Department of Science and Technology, Philippine Nuclear Research Institute, Commonwealth Avenue, Diliman, Quezon City, 1101, Philippines
| | - James Bernard Simpas
- Manila Observatory, Quezon City, 1108, Philippines
- Department of Physics, School of Science and Engineering, Ateneo de Manila University, Quezon City, 1108, Philippines
| | - Armin Sorooshian
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
- Department of Hydrology and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA.
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17
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Yan G, Cong L, Zhai J, Wu Y, Dai L, Zhang Z. Particle removal in polluted cities: Insights from the wash-off process dynamics for different wetland plants. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 245:114-121. [PMID: 31150902 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.05.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) in the atmosphere is a threat to human health. Wetland plants were confirmed to accumulate particles on the leaf surface; at the same time, rainfall could wash-off particles and accelerate the whole removal process, however, the dynamic processes occurring during rainfall events on wetland plants remain unclear. In order to provide sustainable strategies for authorities to take measures, we need to figure out how to reduce PM on leave surface by artificial rainfall efficiently. Four wetland species (Scirpus validus, Typha orientalis, Phragmites australis, and Iris wilsonii) were selected to examine for leave surface accumulation and simulate the experiment. We estimated the wash-off ability of rainfalls with three different intensities (15, 30, and 60 mm h-1) and determined the proportions of different PM size-fractions washed by the rains. The results showed that particles accumulated on the surface could be washed off efficiently (78% ∼ 89%) by the simulated rainfalls. The removal rates were high in the first 30 min and large particles comprised a large proportion of the removed particles. The rainfall with the intensity of 30 mm h-1 removed the most particles among three different rainfall intensities. When the rainfall intensity increased, fine particles (PM2.5) could be washed off more easily. Moreover, with a thinner wax layer, fine particles on wetland plants' leaf surfaces might be more easily removed by the rains. While wash off the plants, spraying rains with the intensity of 30 mm h-1 for about 30 min every time (high intensity with shorter time) may be particle removal efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoxin Yan
- College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Ling Cong
- College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Jiexiu Zhai
- College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Yanan Wu
- College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Liyi Dai
- College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Zhenming Zhang
- College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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18
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The Concentrations and Removal Effects of PM10 and PM2.5 on a Wetland in Beijing. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11051312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) is an essential source of atmospheric pollution in metropolitan areas since it has adverse effects on human health. However, previous research suggested wetlands can remove particulate matter from the atmosphere to land surfaces. This study was conducted in the Hanshiqiao Wetland National Nature Reserve in Beijing during 2016. The concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 on a wetland and bare land in the park, as well as metrological data, were collected during the whole year. Based on the observed data, removal efficiency of each land use type was calculated by empirical models and the relationships between concentrations and metrological factors were also analyzed. The results indicated that: (1) In general, the PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations on the bare land surface were higher than those on the wetland surface, in both of which the highest value appeared at night and evening, while the lowest value appeared near noon. In terms of season, the average concentration of PM10 was higher in winter (wetland: 137.48 μg·m−3; bare land: 164.75 μg·m−3) and spring (wetland: 205.18 μg·m−3; bare land: 244.85 μg·m−3) in general. The concentration of PM2.5 on the wetland surface showed the same pattern, while that on the bare land surface was higher in spring and summer. (2) Concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 were significantly correlated with the relative humidity (p < 0.01) and inversely correlated with wind speed (p < 0.05). The relationship between PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations and temperature was more complicated—it showed a significantly negative correlation (p < 0.01) between them in winter and spring, however, the correlation was insignificant in autumn. In summer, only the correlation between PM10 concentration and temperature on the wetland surface was significant (p < 0.01). (3) The dry removal efficiency of PM10 was greater than that of PM2.5. The dry removal efficiencies of PM10 and PM2.5 followed the order of spring > winter > autumn > summer on the wetland. This study seeks to provide practical measures to improve air quality and facilitate sustainable development in Beijing.
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