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Picard E, Youale J, Hyman MJ, Xie E, Achiedo S, Kaufmann GT, Moir J, Daruich A, Crisanti P, Torriglia A, Polak M, Behar-Cohen F, Skondra D, Berdugo M. Glyburide confers neuroprotection against age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Transl Res 2024; 272:81-94. [PMID: 38815899 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2024.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Glyburide, a sulfonylurea drug used to treat type 2 diabetes, boasts neuroprotective effects by targeting the sulfonylurea receptor 1 (SUR1) and associated ion channels in various cell types, including those in the central nervous system and the retina. Previously, we demonstrated that glyburide therapy improved retinal function and structure in a rat model of diabetic retinopathy. In the present study, we explore the application of glyburide in non-neovascular ("dry") age-related macular degeneration (AMD), another progressive disease characterized by oxidative stress-induced damage and neuroinflammation that trigger cell death in the retina. We show that glyburide administration to a human cone cell line confers protection against oxidative stress, inflammasome activation, and apoptosis. To corroborate our in vitro results, we also conducted a case-control study, controlling for AMD risk factors and other diabetes medications. It showed that glyburide use in patients reduces the odds of new-onset dry AMD. A positive dose-response relationship is observed from this analysis, in which higher cumulative doses of glyburide further reduce the odds of new-onset dry AMD. In the quest for novel therapies for AMD, glyburide emerges as a promising repurposable drug given its known safety profile. The results from this study provide insights into the multifaceted actions of glyburide and its potential as a neuroprotective agent for retinal diseases; however, further preclinical and clinical studies are needed to validate its therapeutic potential in the context of degenerative retinal disorders such as AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Picard
- Inserm UMRS1138, Team 1: Physiopathology of ocular diseases-Therapeutic innovations, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, Faculté de Santé, Paris, France
| | - Jenny Youale
- Inserm UMRS1138, Team 1: Physiopathology of ocular diseases-Therapeutic innovations, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, Faculté de Santé, Paris, France
| | - Max J Hyman
- enter for Health and the Social Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Edward Xie
- Stony Brook University Hospital, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Seiki Achiedo
- Inserm UMRS1138, Team 1: Physiopathology of ocular diseases-Therapeutic innovations, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, Faculté de Santé, Paris, France
| | | | - John Moir
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Alejandra Daruich
- Inserm UMRS1138, Team 1: Physiopathology of ocular diseases-Therapeutic innovations, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, Faculté de Santé, Paris, France; AP-HP, Service d'Ophtalmologie, Hôpital universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Patricia Crisanti
- Inserm UMRS1138, Team 1: Physiopathology of ocular diseases-Therapeutic innovations, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, Faculté de Santé, Paris, France
| | - Alicia Torriglia
- Inserm UMRS1138, Team 1: Physiopathology of ocular diseases-Therapeutic innovations, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, Faculté de Santé, Paris, France
| | - Michel Polak
- AP-HP, Service d'endocrinologie, diabétologie et gynécologie pédiatriques, Hôpital universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France; Inserm U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, France; Inserm UMR 1163, Institut Imagine, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Francine Behar-Cohen
- Inserm UMRS1138, Team 1: Physiopathology of ocular diseases-Therapeutic innovations, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, Faculté de Santé, Paris, France; AP-HP, OphtalmoPôle, Hôpital Cochin, Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Paris, France.
| | - Dimitra Skondra
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Marianne Berdugo
- Inserm UMRS1138, Team 1: Physiopathology of ocular diseases-Therapeutic innovations, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université UMR_S 1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, Faculté de Santé, Paris, France
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Mendez K, Lains I, Kelly RS, Gil J, Silva R, Miller J, Vavvas DG, Kim I, Miller J, Liang L, Lasky-Su JA, Husain D. Metabolomic-derived endotypes of age-related macular degeneration (AMD): a step towards identification of disease subgroups. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12145. [PMID: 38802406 PMCID: PMC11130126 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59045-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness worldwide, with a complex pathophysiology and phenotypic diversity. Here, we apply Similarity Network Fusion (SNF) to cluster AMD patients into putative metabolomics-derived endotypes. Using a discovery cohort of 163 AMD patients from Boston, US, and a validation cohort of 214 patients from Coimbra, Portugal, we identified four distinct metabolomics-derived endotypes with varying retinal structural and functional characteristics, confirmed across both cohorts. Patients clustered into Endotype 1 exhibited a milder form of AMD and were characterized by low levels of amino acids in specific metabolic pathways. Meanwhile, patients clustered into both Endotype 3 and 4 were associated with more severe AMD and exhibited low levels of fatty acid metabolites and elevated levels of sphingomyelins and fatty acid metabolites, respectively. These preliminary findings indicate that metabolomics-derived endotyping may offer a refined strategy for categorizing AMD patients based on their specific pathophysiological underpinnings, rather than relying solely on traditional observational clinical indicators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Mendez
- Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Centre for Integrative Metabolomics & Computational Biology, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Ines Lains
- Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Rachel S Kelly
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - João Gil
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rufino Silva
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Coimbra Hospital and University Center, Coimbra, Portugal
- Association for Innovation and Biomedical Research in Light and Image (AIBILI), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - John Miller
- Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Demetrios G Vavvas
- Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Ivana Kim
- Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Joan Miller
- Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Liming Liang
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica A Lasky-Su
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deeba Husain
- Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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3
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Toh DWK, Zhou H, Cazenave-Gassiot A, Choi H, Burla B, Bendt AK, Wenk MR, Ling LH, Kim JE. Effects of wolfberry ( Lycium barbarum) consumption on the human plasma lipidome and its association with cardiovascular disease risk factors: a randomized controlled trial of middle-aged and older adults. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1258570. [PMID: 38439925 PMCID: PMC10909962 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1258570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Long-term wolfberry intake as part of a healthy dietary pattern was recognized to have beneficial vascular outcomes. Characterization of the plasma lipidome may further provide comprehensive insights into pathways underlying these cardiovascular protective effects. Objective We analyzed the plasma lipidome of subjects who adhered to a healthy dietary pattern either with or without wolfberry and investigated the associations between the plasma lipidomic profile and cardiovascular health-related indicators. Methods In this 16-week, parallel design, randomized controlled trial, middle-aged and older adults (n = 41) were provided dietary counseling and assigned to either consume or not consume 15 g of wolfberry daily. At baseline and post-intervention, plasma lipidomics was assayed, and its relationships with classical CVD risk factors, vascular health, oxidant burden, carotenoids status, body composition, and anthropometry were examined. Results From the plasma lipidome, 427 lipid species from 26 sub-classes were quantified. In the wolfberry and control groups, significant changes were prominent for 27 and 42 lipid species, respectively (P < 0.05 with > 0.2-fold change). Fold changes for seven lipid species were also markedly different between the two groups. Examining the relationships between the plasma lipidome and CVD-related risk factors, total cholesterol revealed a marked positive correlation with 13 ceramide species, while HDL-cholesterol which was notably increased with wolfberry consumption showed a positive correlation with 10 phosphatidylcholine species. Oxidant burden, as represented by plasma 8-isoprostanes, was also inversely associated with lipidomic triglycerides and ether-triglycerides (41 species) and directly associated with hexosylceramides (eight species) and sphingomyelins (six species). There were no differential associations with CVD risk detected between groups. Conclusion Characteristic alterations to the plasma lipidome were observed with healthy dietary pattern adherence and wolfberry consumption. An examination of these fluctuations suggests potential biochemical mechanisms that may mediate the antioxidant and cardiovascular protective effects of healthy dietary pattern adherence and wolfberry intake. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT0353584.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darel Wee Kiat Toh
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hanzhang Zhou
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amaury Cazenave-Gassiot
- Department of Biochemistry and Precision Medicine TRP, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hyungwon Choi
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bo Burla
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anne Katherin Bendt
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Markus R. Wenk
- Department of Biochemistry and Precision Medicine TRP, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Lipidomics Incubator (SLING), Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lieng Hsi Ling
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Cardiology, National University Heart Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jung Eun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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4
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Shrestha AP, Stiles M, Grambergs RC, Boff JM, Madireddy S, Mondal K, Rajmanna R, Porter H, Sherry DM, Proia RL, Vaithianathan T, Mandal N. The Role of Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor 2 in Mouse Retina Light Responses. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1691. [PMID: 38136563 PMCID: PMC10741782 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The bioactive sphingolipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) acts as a ligand for a family of G protein-coupled S1P receptors (S1PR1-5) to participate in a variety of signaling pathways. However, their specific roles in the neural retina remain unclear. We previously showed that S1P receptor subtype 2 (S1PR2) is expressed in murine retinas, primarily in photoreceptors and bipolar cells, and its expression is altered by retinal stress. This study aims to elucidate the role of S1PR2 in the mouse retina. We examined light responses by electroretinography (ERG), structural differences by optical coherence tomography (OCT), and protein levels by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in wild-type (WT) and S1PR2 knockout (KO) mice at various ages between 3 and 6 months. We found that a- and b-wave responses significantly increased at flash intensities between 400~2000 and 4~2000 cd.s/m2, respectively, in S1PR2 KO mice relative to those of WT controls at baseline. S1PR2 KO mice also exhibited significantly increased retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and outer plexiform layer (OPL) thickness by OCT relative to the WT. Finally, in S1PR2 KO mice, we observed differential labeling of synaptic markers by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). These results suggest a specific involvement of S1PR2 in the structure and synaptic organization of the retina and a potential role in light-mediated functioning of the retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek P. Shrestha
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Megan Stiles
- Departments of Cell Biology, Neurosurgery, and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Richard C. Grambergs
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Johane M. Boff
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Saivikram Madireddy
- College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Koushik Mondal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Rhea Rajmanna
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Hunter Porter
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - David M. Sherry
- Departments of Cell Biology, Neurosurgery, and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Richard L. Proia
- Genetics of Development and Disease Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Thirumalini Vaithianathan
- Department of Pharmacology, Addiction Science, and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Nawajes Mandal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hamilton Eye Institute, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
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5
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Zhao T, Li J, Wang Y, Guo X, Sun Y. Integrative metabolome and lipidome analyses of plasma in neovascular macular degeneration. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20329. [PMID: 37780745 PMCID: PMC10539639 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) causes irreversible vision-loss among the elderly in industrial countries. Neovascular AMD (nAMD), which refers to late-stage AMD, is characterized by severe vision-threatening choroidal neovascularization (CNV). Herein, we constructed a global metabolic network of nAMD, based on untargeted metabolomic and lipidomic analysis of plasma samples collected from sixty subjects (30 nAMD patients and 30 age-matched controls). Among the nAMD and control groups, 62 and 44 significantly different metabolites were detected in the positive and negative ion modes, respectively. Grouping analysis further showed that lipid and lipid-like molecule-based superclasses contained the highest number of significantly different metabolites. Lipidomic analysis revealed that 53 lipids among the nAMD and control groups differed significantly; these belonged to four major lipid categories (glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, glycerolipids, and fatty acids). A discriminative biomarker panel comprising 16 metabolites and lipids, which was constructed using multivariate statistical machine learning methods, could effectively identify nAMD cases. Among these 16 compounds, eight were lipids that belonged to three lipid categories (glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, and prenol lipids). The top three biomarkers with the highest importance scores were all lipids (a glycerophospholipid and two sphingolipids), highlighting the crucial role played by glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid pathways in nAMD. These differences between the metabolic and lipid profiles of nAMD patients and elderly individuals without AMD provide a readout of the overall metabolic status of nAMD. Further insights into the identified discriminative biomarkers may pave the way for future diagnostic and therapeutic interventions for nAMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tantai Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jiani Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanbin Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaojian Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yun Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Clinical Research Center of Ophthalmic Disease, Changsha, Hunan, China
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6
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Shrestha AP, Stiles M, Grambergs RC, Boff JM, Madireddy S, Mondal K, Rajmanna R, Porter H, Sherry D, Proia RL, Vaithianathan T, Mandal N. The role of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 2 in mouse retina light responses. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.01.555709. [PMID: 37732206 PMCID: PMC10508730 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.01.555709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
The bioactive sphingolipid sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) acts as a ligand for a family of G protein-coupled S1P receptors (S1PR1-5) to participate in a variety of signaling pathways. However, their specific roles in the neural retina remain unclear. We previously showed that S1P receptor subtype 2 (S1PR2) is expressed in murine retinas, primarily in photoreceptors and bipolar cells, and its expression is altered by retinal stress. This study aims to elucidate the role of S1PR2 in the mouse retina. We examined light responses by electroretinography (ERG), structural differences by optical coherence tomography (OCT), and protein levels by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in wild-type (WT) and S1PR2 knockout (KO) mice at various ages between 3 and 6 months. We found that a- and b-wave responses significantly increased at flash intensities between 400∼2000 and 4∼2,000 cd.s/m 2 respectively, in S1PR2 KO mice relative to those of WT controls at baseline. S1PR2 KO mice also exhibited significantly increased retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and outer plexiform layer (OPL) thickness by OCT relative to the WT. Finally, in S1PR2 KO mice, we observed differential labeling of synaptic markers by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). These results suggest a specific involvement of S1PR2 in the structure and synaptic organization of the retina and a potential role in light-mediated functioning of the retina.
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7
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The Need for Artificial Intelligence Based Risk Factor Analysis for Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 13:diagnostics13010130. [PMID: 36611422 PMCID: PMC9818762 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13010130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In epidemiology, a risk factor is a variable associated with increased disease risk. Understanding the role of risk factors is significant for developing a strategy to improve global health. There is strong evidence that risk factors like smoking, alcohol consumption, previous cataract surgery, age, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, BMI, female gender, and focal hyper-pigmentation are independently associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Currently, in the literature, statistical techniques like logistic regression, multivariable logistic regression, etc., are being used to identify AMD risk factors by employing numerical/categorical data. However, artificial intelligence (AI) techniques have not been used so far in the literature for identifying risk factors for AMD. On the other hand, artificial intelligence (AI) based tools can anticipate when a person is at risk of developing chronic diseases like cancer, dementia, asthma, etc., in providing personalized care. AI-based techniques can employ numerical/categorical and/or image data thus resulting in multimodal data analysis, which provides the need for AI-based tools to be used for risk factor analysis in ophthalmology. This review summarizes the statistical techniques used to identify various risk factors and the higher benefits that AI techniques provide for AMD-related disease prediction. Additional studies are required to review different techniques for risk factor identification for other ophthalmic diseases like glaucoma, diabetic macular edema, retinopathy of prematurity, cataract, and diabetic retinopathy.
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8
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Guerra IMS, Ferreira HB, Melo T, Rocha H, Moreira S, Diogo L, Domingues MR, Moreira ASP. Mitochondrial Fatty Acid β-Oxidation Disorders: From Disease to Lipidomic Studies-A Critical Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213933. [PMID: 36430419 PMCID: PMC9696092 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid oxidation disorders (FAODs) are inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) caused by defects in the fatty acid (FA) mitochondrial β-oxidation. The most common FAODs are characterized by the accumulation of medium-chain FAs and long-chain (3-hydroxy) FAs (and their carnitine derivatives), respectively. These deregulations are associated with lipotoxicity which affects several organs and potentially leads to life-threatening complications and comorbidities. Changes in the lipidome have been associated with several diseases, including some IEMs. In FAODs, the alteration of acylcarnitines (CARs) and FA profiles have been reported in patients and animal models, but changes in polar and neutral lipid profile are still scarcely studied. In this review, we present the main findings on FA and CAR profile changes associated with FAOD pathogenesis, their correlation with oxidative damage, and the consequent disturbance of mitochondrial homeostasis. Moreover, alterations in polar and neutral lipid classes and lipid species identified so far and their possible role in FAODs are discussed. We highlight the need of mass-spectrometry-based lipidomic studies to understand (epi)lipidome remodelling in FAODs, thus allowing to elucidate the pathophysiology and the identification of possible biomarkers for disease prognosis and an evaluation of therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inês M. S. Guerra
- Mass Spectrometry Center, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies—CESAM, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Helena B. Ferreira
- Mass Spectrometry Center, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies—CESAM, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Tânia Melo
- Mass Spectrometry Center, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies—CESAM, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Hugo Rocha
- Newborn Screening, Metabolism and Genetics Unit, Human Genetics Department, National Institute of Health Doutor Ricardo Jorge, 4000-053 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathological, Cytological and Thanatological Anatomy, School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sónia Moreira
- Internal Medicine, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
- Reference Center of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luísa Diogo
- Reference Center of Inherited Metabolic Diseases, Hospital Pediátrico, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Rosário Domingues
- Mass Spectrometry Center, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies—CESAM, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana S. P. Moreira
- Mass Spectrometry Center, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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9
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Tucci S. An Altered Sphingolipid Profile as a Risk Factor for Progressive Neurodegeneration in Long-Chain 3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA Deficiency (LCHADD). Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137144. [PMID: 35806149 PMCID: PMC9266703 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA deficiency (LCHADD) and mitochondrial trifunctional protein (MTPD) belong to a group of inherited metabolic diseases affecting the degradation of long-chain chain fatty acids. During metabolic decompensation the incomplete degradation of fatty acids results in life-threatening episodes, coma and death. Despite fast identification at neonatal screening, LCHADD/MTPD present with progressive neurodegenerative symptoms originally attributed to the accumulation of toxic hydroxyl acylcarnitines and energy deficiency. Recently, it has been shown that LCHADD human fibroblasts display a disease-specific alteration of complex lipids. Accumulating fatty acids, due to defective β-oxidation, contribute to a remodeling of several lipid classes including mitochondrial cardiolipins and sphingolipids. In the last years the face of LCHADD/MTPD has changed. The reported dysregulation of complex lipids other than the simple acylcarnitines represents a novel aspect of disease development. Indeed, aberrant lipid profiles have already been associated with other neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson’s Disease, Alzheimer’s Disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and retinopathy. Today, the physiopathology that underlies the development of the progressive neuropathic symptoms in LCHADD/MTPD is not fully understood. Here, we hypothesize an alternative disease-causing mechanism that contemplates the interaction of several factors that acting in concert contribute to the heterogeneous clinical phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Tucci
- Pharmacy, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
- Department of General Pediatrics, Adolescent Medicine and Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Centre-University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
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10
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Shiwani HA, Elfaki MY, Memon D, Ali S, Aziz A, Egom EE. Updates on sphingolipids: Spotlight on retinopathy. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 143:112197. [PMID: 34560541 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The sphingolipids ceramide (Cer), ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P), sphingosine (Sph), and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)) are key signaling molecules that regulate many patho-biological processes. During the last decade, they have gained increasing attention since they may participate in important and numerous retinal processes, such as neuronal survival and death, proliferation and migration of neuronal and vascular cells, inflammation, and neovascularization. Cer for instance has emerged as a key mediator of inflammation and death of neuronal and retinal pigment epithelium cells in experimental models of retinopathies such as glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and retinitis pigmentosa. S1P may have opposite biological actions, preventing photoreceptor and ganglion cell degeneration but also promoting inflammation, fibrosis, and neovascularization in AMD, glaucoma, and pro-fibrotic disorders. Alterations in Cer, S1P, and ceramide 1- phosphate may also contribute to uveitis. Furthermore, use of inhibitors that either prevent Cer increase or modulate S1P signaling, such as Myriocin, desipramine, and Fingolimod (FTY720), have been shown to preserve neuronal viability and retinal function. Collectively, the expanding role for these sphingolipids in the modulation of vital processes in retina cell types and in their dysregulation in retinal degenerations makes them attractive therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haaris A Shiwani
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Preston Hospital, United Kingdom.
| | | | - Danyal Memon
- Department of Cardiology, Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Suhayb Ali
- Department of Acute Medicine, Ulster Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Abdul Aziz
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Emmanuel E Egom
- Institut du Savoir Montfort (ISM), Hôpital Montfort, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada; Laboratory of Endocrinology and Radioisotopes, Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies (IMPM), Yaoundé, Cameroon.
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11
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Wu L, Liang Y, Song N, Wang X, Jiang C, Chen X, Qin B, Sun X, Liu G, Zhao C. Differential expression and alternative splicing of transcripts in orbital adipose/connective tissue of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2021; 246:1990-2006. [PMID: 34078122 DOI: 10.1177/15353702211017292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy is a typical autoimmune disease of orbital tissues. Alternative splicing significantly influences many diseases progression, including cancer, age-related macular degeneration, and multiple sclerosis, by modulating the expression of transcripts. However, its role in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy is still unclear. In this study, differential expression transcripts and differential alternative splicing genes in orbital adipose/connective tissues of thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy patients were detected using RNA sequencing, Cuffdiff, and replicate multivariate analysis of transcript splicing. Three thousand ninety six differential expression transcripts and 2355 differential alternative splicing genes were screened out, while functional enrichment analysis indicated that differential expression transcript and differential alternative splicing genes were associated with immune modulation, extracellular matrix remodeling, and adipogenesis. The expression of the SORBS1, SEPT2, COL12A1, and VCAN gene transcripts was verified by qRT-PCR. In conclusion, prevalent alternative splicing is involved in the disease development in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy. More attention should be paid to the mechanism of alternative splicing to explore more potential therapeutic targets in thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianqun Wu
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yu Liang
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Nan Song
- Department of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xiying Wang
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xinxin Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 20003, China
| | - Bing Qin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Suqian First Hospital, Suqian 223800, China
| | - Xiantao Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Children's Hospital Affiliated of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450053, China
| | - Guohua Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Children's Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Eye Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Eye & ENT Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Myopia (Fudan University), Key Laboratory of Myopia, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai 200031, China
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12
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Different Lipid Signature in Fibroblasts of Long-Chain Fatty Acid Oxidation Disorders. Cells 2021; 10:cells10051239. [PMID: 34069977 PMCID: PMC8157847 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-chain fatty acid oxidation disorders (lc-FAOD) are a group of diseases affecting the degradation of long-chain fatty acids. In order to investigate the disease specific alterations of the cellular lipidome, we performed undirected lipidomics in fibroblasts from patients with carnitine palmitoyltransferase II, very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, and long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase. We demonstrate a deep remodeling of mitochondrial cardiolipins. The aberrant phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylethanolamine ratio and the increased content of plasmalogens and of lysophospholipids support the theory of an inflammatory phenotype in lc-FAOD. Moreover, we describe increased ratios of sphingomyelin/ceramide and sphingomyelin/hexosylceramide in LCHAD deficiency which may contribute to the neuropathic phenotype of LCHADD/mitochondrial trifunctional protein deficiency.
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13
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Mendez KM, Kim J, Laíns I, Nigalye A, Katz R, Pundik S, Kim IK, Liang L, Vavvas DG, Miller JB, Miller JW, Lasky-Su JA, Husain D. Association of Human Plasma Metabolomics with Delayed Dark Adaptation in Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11030183. [PMID: 33801085 PMCID: PMC8003957 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11030183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze the association between plasma metabolite levels and dark adaptation (DA) in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This was a cross-sectional study including patients with AMD (early, intermediate, and late) and control subjects older than 50 years without any vitreoretinal disease. Fasting blood samples were collected and used for metabolomic profiling with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Patients were also tested with the AdaptDx (MacuLogix, Middletown, PA, USA) DA extended protocol (20 min). Two measures of dark adaptation were calculated and used: rod-intercept time (RIT) and area under the dark adaptation curve (AUDAC). Associations between dark adaption and metabolite levels were tested using multilevel mixed-effects linear modelling, adjusting for age, gender, body mass index (BMI), smoking, race, AMD stage, and Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) formulation supplementation. We included a total of 71 subjects: 53 with AMD (13 early AMD, 31 intermediate AMD, and 9 late AMD) and 18 controls. Our results revealed that fatty acid-related lipids and amino acids related to glutamate and leucine, isoleucine and valine metabolism were associated with RIT (p < 0.01). Similar results were found when AUDAC was used as the outcome. Fatty acid-related lipids and amino acids are associated with DA, thus suggesting that oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction likely play a role in AMD and visual impairment in this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M. Mendez
- Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (K.M.M.); (I.L.); (A.N.); (R.K.); (I.K.K.); (D.G.V.); (J.B.M.); (J.W.M.)
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
| | - Janice Kim
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
| | - Inês Laíns
- Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (K.M.M.); (I.L.); (A.N.); (R.K.); (I.K.K.); (D.G.V.); (J.B.M.); (J.W.M.)
| | - Archana Nigalye
- Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (K.M.M.); (I.L.); (A.N.); (R.K.); (I.K.K.); (D.G.V.); (J.B.M.); (J.W.M.)
| | - Raviv Katz
- Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (K.M.M.); (I.L.); (A.N.); (R.K.); (I.K.K.); (D.G.V.); (J.B.M.); (J.W.M.)
| | - Shrinivas Pundik
- Department of Ophthalmology, Schepens Eye Research Institute of Massachusetts Eye & Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
| | - Ivana K. Kim
- Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (K.M.M.); (I.L.); (A.N.); (R.K.); (I.K.K.); (D.G.V.); (J.B.M.); (J.W.M.)
| | - Liming Liang
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics, Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Demetrios G. Vavvas
- Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (K.M.M.); (I.L.); (A.N.); (R.K.); (I.K.K.); (D.G.V.); (J.B.M.); (J.W.M.)
| | - John B. Miller
- Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (K.M.M.); (I.L.); (A.N.); (R.K.); (I.K.K.); (D.G.V.); (J.B.M.); (J.W.M.)
| | - Joan W. Miller
- Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (K.M.M.); (I.L.); (A.N.); (R.K.); (I.K.K.); (D.G.V.); (J.B.M.); (J.W.M.)
| | - Jessica A. Lasky-Su
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
| | - Deeba Husain
- Retina Service, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, 243 Charles Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA; (K.M.M.); (I.L.); (A.N.); (R.K.); (I.K.K.); (D.G.V.); (J.B.M.); (J.W.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-617-573-4371
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14
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Simon MV, Basu SK, Qaladize B, Grambergs R, Rotstein NP, Mandal N. Sphingolipids as critical players in retinal physiology and pathology. J Lipid Res 2021; 62:100037. [PMID: 32948663 PMCID: PMC7933806 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.tr120000972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids have emerged as bioactive lipids involved in the regulation of many physiological and pathological processes. In the retina, they have been established to participate in numerous processes, such as neuronal survival and death, proliferation and migration of neuronal and vascular cells, inflammation, and neovascularization. Dysregulation of sphingolipids is therefore crucial in the onset and progression of retinal diseases. This review examines the involvement of sphingolipids in retinal physiology and diseases. Ceramide (Cer) has emerged as a common mediator of inflammation and death of neuronal and retinal pigment epithelium cells in animal models of retinopathies such as glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and retinitis pigmentosa. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) has opposite roles, preventing photoreceptor and ganglion cell degeneration but also promoting inflammation, fibrosis, and neovascularization in AMD, glaucoma, and pro-fibrotic disorders. Alterations in Cer, S1P, and ceramide 1-phosphate may also contribute to uveitis. Notably, use of inhibitors that either prevent Cer increase or modulate S1P signaling, such as Myriocin, desipramine, and Fingolimod (FTY720), preserves neuronal viability and retinal function. These findings underscore the relevance of alterations in the sphingolipid metabolic network in the etiology of multiple retinopathies and highlight the potential of modulating their metabolism for the design of novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Victoria Simon
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB), Departamento De Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Argentine National Research Council (CONICET), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Sandip K Basu
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Bano Qaladize
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Richard Grambergs
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Nora P Rotstein
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB), Departamento De Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Argentine National Research Council (CONICET), Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
| | - Nawajes Mandal
- Departments of Ophthalmology and Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA.
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15
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Editorial to the Special Issue "Lipidomics and Neurodegenerative Diseases". Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031270. [PMID: 33525336 PMCID: PMC7865316 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The contribution of dysregulation of lipid signaling and metabolism to neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's is the focus of this special issue. Here, the matter of three reviews and one research article is summarized.
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16
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Tan LX, Germer CJ, La Cunza N, Lakkaraju A. Complement activation, lipid metabolism, and mitochondrial injury: Converging pathways in age-related macular degeneration. Redox Biol 2020; 37:101781. [PMID: 33162377 PMCID: PMC7767764 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is the primary site of injury in non-neovascular age-related macular degeneration or dry AMD. Polymorphisms in genes that regulate complement activation and cholesterol metabolism are strongly associated with AMD, but the biology underlying disease-associated variants is not well understood. Here, we highlight recent studies that have used molecular, biochemical, and live-cell imaging methods to elucidate mechanisms by which aging-associated insults conspire with AMD genetic risk variants to tip the balance towards disease. We discuss how critical functions including lipid metabolism, autophagy, complement regulation, and mitochondrial dynamics are compromised in the RPE, and how a deeper understanding of these mechanisms has helped identify promising therapeutic targets to preserve RPE homeostasis in AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xuan Tan
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Colin J Germer
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nilsa La Cunza
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Aparna Lakkaraju
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacogenomics Graduate Program, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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17
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Shen Y, Li M, Liu K, Xu X, Zhu S, Wang N, Guo W, Zhao Q, Lu P, Yu F, Xu X. Integrated bioinformatics analysis of aberrantly-methylated differentially-expressed genes and pathways in age-related macular degeneration. BMC Ophthalmol 2020; 20:119. [PMID: 32209064 PMCID: PMC7092446 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-020-01392-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) represents the leading cause of visual impairment in the aging population. The goal of this study was to identify aberrantly-methylated, differentially-expressed genes (MDEGs) in AMD and explore the involved pathways via integrated bioinformatics analysis. Methods Data from expression profile GSE29801 and methylation profile GSE102952 were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. We analyzed differentially-methylated genes and differentially-expressed genes using R software. Functional enrichment and protein–protein interaction (PPI) network analysis were performed using the R package and Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes online database. Hub genes were identified using Cytoscape. Results In total, 827 and 592 genes showed high and low expression, respectively, in GSE29801; 4117 hyper-methylated genes and 511 hypo-methylated genes were detected in GSE102952. Based on overlap, we categorized 153 genes as hyper-methylated, low-expression genes (Hyper-LGs) and 24 genes as hypo-methylated, high-expression genes (Hypo-HGs). Four Hyper-LGs (CKB, PPP3CA, TGFB2, SOCS2) overlapped with AMD risk genes in the Public Health Genomics and Precision Health Knowledge Base. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis indicated that Hypo-HGs were enriched in the calcium signaling pathway, whereas Hyper-LGs were enriched in sphingolipid metabolism. In GO analysis, Hypo-HGs were enriched in fibroblast migration, membrane raft, and coenzyme binding, among others. Hyper-LGs were enriched in mRNA transport, nuclear speck, and DNA binding, among others. In PPI network analysis, 23 nodes and two edges were established from Hypo-HGs, and 151 nodes and 73 edges were established from Hyper-LGs. Hub genes (DHX9, MAPT, PAX6) showed the greatest overlap. Conclusion This study revealed potentially aberrantly MDEGs and pathways in AMD, which might improve the understanding of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinchen Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Mo Li
- Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyin Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaopin Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China.,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenke Guo
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianqian Zhao
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Lu
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fudong Yu
- NHC Key Lab. of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xun Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai General Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200080, People's Republic of China. .,National Clinical Research Center for Eye Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Diseases, Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai Engineering Center for Precise Diagnosis and Treatment of Eye Diseases, Shanghai, China.
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18
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Markitantova Y, Simirskii V. Inherited Eye Diseases with Retinal Manifestations through the Eyes of Homeobox Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1602. [PMID: 32111086 PMCID: PMC7084737 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal development is under the coordinated control of overlapping networks of signaling pathways and transcription factors. The paper was conceived as a review of the data and ideas that have been formed to date on homeobox genes mutations that lead to the disruption of eye organogenesis and result in inherited eye/retinal diseases. Many of these diseases are part of the same clinical spectrum and have high genetic heterogeneity with already identified associated genes. We summarize the known key regulators of eye development, with a focus on the homeobox genes associated with monogenic eye diseases showing retinal manifestations. Recent advances in the field of genetics and high-throughput next-generation sequencing technologies, including single-cell transcriptome analysis have allowed for deepening of knowledge of the genetic basis of inherited retinal diseases (IRDs), as well as improve their diagnostics. We highlight some promising avenues of research involving molecular-genetic and cell-technology approaches that can be effective for IRDs therapy. The most promising neuroprotective strategies are aimed at mobilizing the endogenous cellular reserve of the retina.
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19
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Pujol-Lereis LM. Alteration of Sphingolipids in Biofluids: Implications for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20143564. [PMID: 31330872 PMCID: PMC6678458 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20143564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids (SL) modulate several cellular processes including cell death, proliferation and autophagy. The conversion of sphingomyelin (SM) to ceramide and the balance between ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), also known as the SL rheostat, have been associated with oxidative stress and neurodegeneration. Research in the last decade has focused on the possibility of targeting the SL metabolism as a therapeutic option; and SL levels in biofluids, including serum, plasma, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), have been measured in several neurodegenerative diseases with the aim of finding a diagnostic or prognostic marker. Previous reviews focused on results from diseases such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD), evaluated total SL or species levels in human biofluids, post-mortem tissues and/or animal models. However, a comprehensive review of SL alterations comparing results from several neurodegenerative diseases is lacking. The present work compiles data from circulating sphingolipidomic studies and attempts to elucidate a possible connection between certain SL species and neurodegeneration processes. Furthermore, the effects of ceramide species according to their acyl-chain length in cellular pathways such as apoptosis and proliferation are discussed in order to understand the impact of the level alteration in specific species. Finally, enzymatic regulations and the possible influence of insulin resistance in the level alteration of SL are evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana M Pujol-Lereis
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Inmunología y Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIDIE-CONICET), X5016DHK Córdoba, Argentina.
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Simón MV, Prado Spalm FH, Vera MS, Rotstein NP. Sphingolipids as Emerging Mediators in Retina Degeneration. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:246. [PMID: 31244608 PMCID: PMC6581011 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The sphingolipids ceramide (Cer), sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), sphingosine (Sph), and ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P) are key signaling molecules that regulate major cellular functions. Their roles in the retina have gained increasing attention during the last decade since they emerge as mediators of proliferation, survival, migration, neovascularization, inflammation and death in retina cells. As exacerbation of these processes is central to retina degenerative diseases, they appear as crucial players in their progression. This review analyzes the functions of these sphingolipids in retina cell types and their possible pathological roles. Cer appears as a key arbitrator in diverse retinal pathologies; it promotes inflammation in endothelial and retina pigment epithelium (RPE) cells and its increase is a common feature in photoreceptor death in vitro and in animal models of retina degeneration; noteworthy, inhibiting Cer synthesis preserves photoreceptor viability and functionality. In turn, S1P acts as a double edge sword in the retina. It is essential for retina development, promoting the survival of photoreceptors and ganglion cells and regulating proliferation and differentiation of photoreceptor progenitors. However, S1P has also deleterious effects, stimulating migration of Müller glial cells, angiogenesis and fibrosis, contributing to the inflammatory scenario of proliferative retinopathies and age related macular degeneration (AMD). C1P, as S1P, promotes photoreceptor survival and differentiation. Collectively, the expanding role for these sphingolipids in the regulation of critical processes in retina cell types and in their dysregulation in retina degenerations makes them attractive targets for treating these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Victoria Simón
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB), Departamento De Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Argentine National Research Council (CONICET), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Facundo H Prado Spalm
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB), Departamento De Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Argentine National Research Council (CONICET), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Marcela S Vera
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB), Departamento De Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Argentine National Research Council (CONICET), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Nora P Rotstein
- Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Bahía Blanca (INIBIBB), Departamento De Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS), Argentine National Research Council (CONICET), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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