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Sanjaya A, Ratnawati H, Adhika OA, Rahmatilah FR. The heterogeneity of breast cancer metastasis: a bioinformatics analysis utilizing single-cell RNA sequencing data. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2024:10.1007/s10549-024-07428-1. [PMID: 38992286 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-024-07428-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Breast cancer is a common malignancy in women, and its metastasis is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) can distinguish the molecular characteristics of metastasis and identify predictor genes for patient prognosis. This article explores gene expression in primary breast cancer tumor tissue against metastatic cells in the lymph node and liver using scRNA-seq. METHODS Breast cancer scRNA-seq data from the Gene Expression Omnibus were used. The data were processed using R and the Seurat package. The cells were clustered and identified using Metascape. InferCNV is used to analyze the variation in copy number. Differential expression analysis was conducted for the cancer cells using Seurat and was enriched using Metascape. RESULTS We identified 18 distinct cell clusters, 6 of which were epithelial. CNV analysis identified significant alterations with duplication of chromosomes 1, 8, and 19. Differential gene analysis resulted in 17 upregulated and 171 downregulated genes for the primary tumor in the primary tumor vs. liver metastasis comparison and 43 upregulated and 4 downregulated genes in the primary tumor in the primary tumor vs lymph node metastasis comparison. Several enriched terms include Ribosome biogenesis, NTP synthesis, Epithelial dedifferentiation, Autophagy, and genes associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transitions. CONCLUSION No single gene or pathway can clearly explain the mechanisms behind tumor metastasis. Several mechanisms contribute to lymph node and liver metastasis, such as the loss of differentiation, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and autophagy. These findings necessitate further study of metastatic tissue for effective drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardo Sanjaya
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Maranatha Christian University, Jl. Surya Sumantri No. 65, Bandung, 40164, West Java, Indonesia.
- Biomedical Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung, 40164, West Java, Indonesia.
| | - Hana Ratnawati
- Biomedical Research Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung, 40164, West Java, Indonesia
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung, 40164, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Oeij Anindita Adhika
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Maranatha Christian University, Jl. Surya Sumantri No. 65, Bandung, 40164, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Faiz Rizqy Rahmatilah
- Undergraduate Program in Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung, 40164, West Java, Indonesia
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2
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Khair L, Hayes K, Tutto A, Samant A, Ferreira L, Nguyen TT, Brehm M, Messina LM. Physical activity regulates the immune response to breast cancer by a hematopoietic stem cell-autonomous mechanism. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.09.30.560299. [PMID: 37873380 PMCID: PMC10592839 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.30.560299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Physical activity is a modifiable lifestyle factor that is associated with a decreased risk for the development of breast cancer. While the exact mechanisms for the reduction in cancer risk due to physical activity are largely unknown, it is postulated that the biological reduction in cancer risk is driven by improvements in inflammation and immune function with exercise. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are the progenitor for all of the cells of the immune system and are involved in cancer immunosurveillance through differentiation into cytotoxic cell population. In this study, we investigate the role of physical activity (PA) in a spontaneously occurring model of breast cancer over time, with a focus on tumor incidence, circulating and tumor-infiltrating immune cells as well gene expression profiles of tumors and hematopoietic stem cells. Furthermore, we show that, in addition to a direct effect of PA on the immune cells of tumor-bearing mice, PA reduces the oxidative stress in HSCs of wildtype and tumor-bearing mice, and by doing so, alters the differentiation of the HSCs towards T cells in order to enhance cancer immunosurveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyne Khair
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, UMass Memorial Medical Center
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, UMass Chan Medical School
| | - Katherine Hayes
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, UMass Memorial Medical Center
| | - Amanda Tutto
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, UMass Memorial Medical Center
| | - Amruta Samant
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, UMass Memorial Medical Center
| | | | - Tammy T. Nguyen
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, UMass Memorial Medical Center
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, UMass Chan Medical School
| | - Michael Brehm
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, UMass Chan Medical School
- Program in Molecular Medicine, UMass Chan Medical School
| | - Louis M. Messina
- Department of Surgery, Division of Vascular Surgery, UMass Memorial Medical Center
- Diabetes Center of Excellence, UMass Chan Medical School
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3
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Jayatilleke KM, Duivenvoorden HM, Ryan GF, Parker BS, Hulett MD. Investigating the Role of Heparanase in Breast Cancer Development Utilising the MMTV-PyMT Murine Model of Mammary Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15113062. [PMID: 37297024 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15113062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the second most common human malignancy and is a major global health burden. Heparanase (HPSE) has been widely implicated in enhancing the development and progression of solid tumours, including breast cancer. In this study, the well-established spontaneous mammary tumour-developing MMTV-PyMT murine model was utilised to examine the role of HPSE in breast cancer establishment, progression, and metastasis. The use of HPSE-deficient MMTV-PyMT (MMTV-PyMTxHPSE-/-) mice addressed the lack of genetic ablation models to investigate the role of HPSE in mammary tumours. It was demonstrated that even though HPSE regulated mammary tumour angiogenesis, mammary tumour progression and metastasis were HPSE-independent. Furthermore, there was no evidence of compensatory action by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in response to the lack of HPSE expression in the mammary tumours. These findings suggest that HPSE may not play a significant role in the mammary tumour development of MMTV-PyMT animals. Collectively, these observations may have implications in the clinical setting of breast cancer and therapy using HPSE inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnath M Jayatilleke
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Hendrika M Duivenvoorden
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Gemma F Ryan
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Belinda S Parker
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Mark D Hulett
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
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Sokolov P, Nifontova G, Samokhvalov P, Karaulov A, Sukhanova A, Nabiev I. Nontoxic Fluorescent Nanoprobes for Multiplexed Detection and 3D Imaging of Tumor Markers in Breast Cancer. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030946. [PMID: 36986807 PMCID: PMC10052755 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiplexed fluorescent immunohistochemical analysis of breast cancer (BC) markers and high-resolution 3D immunofluorescence imaging of the tumor and its microenvironment not only facilitate making the disease prognosis and selecting effective anticancer therapy (including photodynamic therapy), but also provides information on signaling and metabolic mechanisms of carcinogenesis and helps in the search for new therapeutic targets and drugs. The characteristics of imaging nanoprobe efficiency, such as sensitivity, target affinity, depth of tissue penetration, and photostability, are determined by the properties of their components, fluorophores and capture molecules, and by the method of their conjugation. Regarding individual nanoprobe components, fluorescent nanocrystals (NCs) are widely used for optical imaging in vitro and in vivo, and single-domain antibodies (sdAbs) are well established as highly specific capture molecules in diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Moreover, the technologies of obtaining functionally active sdAb–NC conjugates with the highest possible avidity, with all sdAb molecules bound to the NC in a strictly oriented manner, provide 3D-imaging nanoprobes with strong comparative advantages. This review is aimed at highlighting the importance of an integrated approach to BC diagnosis, including the detection of biomarkers of the tumor and its microenvironment, as well as the need for their quantitative profiling and imaging of their mutual location, using advanced approaches to 3D detection in thick tissue sections. The existing approaches to 3D imaging of tumors and their microenvironment using fluorescent NCs are described, and the main comparative advantages and disadvantages of nontoxic fluorescent sdAb–NC conjugates as nanoprobes for multiplexed detection and 3D imaging of BC markers are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Sokolov
- Laboratory of Nano-Bioengineering, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), 115522 Moscow, Russia
| | - Galina Nifontova
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Nanosciences, LRN-EA4682, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Pavel Samokhvalov
- Laboratory of Nano-Bioengineering, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), 115522 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander Karaulov
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alyona Sukhanova
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Nanosciences, LRN-EA4682, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Igor Nabiev
- Laboratory of Nano-Bioengineering, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), 115522 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Nanosciences, LRN-EA4682, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119146 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
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Morgner J, Bornes L, Hahn K, López-Iglesias C, Kroese L, Pritchard CEJ, Vennin C, Peters PJ, Huijbers I, van Rheenen J. A Lamb1Dendra2 mouse model identifies basement-membrane-producing origins and dynamics in PyMT breast tumors. Dev Cell 2023; 58:535-549.e5. [PMID: 36905927 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
The basement membrane (BM) around tumor lobes forms a barrier to prevent cancer cells from invading the surrounding tissue. Although myoepithelial cells are key producers of the healthy mammary epithelium BM, they are nearly absent in mammary tumors. To study the origin and dynamics of the BM, we developed and imaged a laminin beta1-Dendra2 mouse model. We show that the turnover of laminin beta1 is faster in the BMs that surround the tumor lobes than in the BMs that surround the healthy epithelium. Moreover, we find that epithelial cancer cells and tumor-infiltrating endothelial cells synthesize laminin beta1 and that this production is temporarily and locally heterogeneous, leading to local discontinuity of the BM laminin beta1. Collectively, our data draw a new paradigm for tumor BM turnover in which the disassembly happens at a constant rate, and a local misbalance of compensating production leads to reduction or even complete disappearance of the BM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Morgner
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, 1066 CX, the Netherlands.
| | - Laura Bornes
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Kerstin Hahn
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Carmen López-Iglesias
- The Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229 ER, the Netherlands
| | - Lona Kroese
- Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Colin E J Pritchard
- Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Claire Vennin
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Peter J Peters
- The Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, 6229 ER, the Netherlands
| | - Ivo Huijbers
- Mouse Clinic for Cancer and Aging, the Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, 1066 CX, the Netherlands
| | - Jacco van Rheenen
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Oncode Institute, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, 1066 CX, the Netherlands.
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Sufentanil combined with parecoxib sodium inhibits proliferation and metastasis of HER2-positive breast cancer cells and regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Clin Exp Metastasis 2023; 40:149-160. [PMID: 36807216 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-023-10199-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sufentanil combined with parecoxib sodium is a commonly used postoperative medication for cancer patients. However, the effects of this combination therapy on human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer cells have still remained elusive. This study aimed to investigate the effects and potential mechanisms of sufentanil combined with parecoxib sodium on HER2-positive breast cancer cells. METHODS The cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), colony formation, flow cytometry, scratch, transwell invasion, and angiogenesis assays were used to assess the proliferation, cell cycling, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis of HER2-positive breast cancer BT474 cells. Western blot assay was employed for detecting the expression levels of proteins involved in the cell cycle, migration, invasion, angiogenesis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The in vivo effects of tumor growth and metastasis were examined by establishing an orthotopic transplantation mouse model of HER2-positive breast cancer (MMTV-PyMT). RESULTS Functional assays indicated that sufentanil combined with parecoxib sodium induced blockade of HER2-positive breast cancer BT474 cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle and inhibited cell proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, and invasion in vitro. Western blot assay revealed that sufentanil combined with parecoxib sodium downregulated the expression levels of cyclin D1, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), and EMT-related proteins (N-cadherin, Vimentin, and Snail), while up-regulated the expression level of E-cadherin in BT474 cells. In addition, it was found that sufentanil combined with parecoxib sodium inhibited tumor growth and metastasis in the orthotopic transplantation mouse model of HER2-positive breast cancer. CONCLUSION Sufentanil combined with parecoxib sodium inhibited HER2-positive breast cancer progression, including cell proliferation, cell cycle, migration, invasion, and angiogenesis, and regulated EMT.
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Mechanostimulation of breast myoepithelial cells induces functional changes associated with DCIS progression to invasion. NPJ Breast Cancer 2022; 8:109. [PMID: 36127361 PMCID: PMC9489768 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-022-00464-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Women with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) have an increased risk of progression to invasive breast cancer. Although not all women with DCIS will progress to invasion, all are treated as such, emphasising the need to identify prognostic biomarkers. We have previously shown that altered myoepithelial cells in DCIS predict disease progression and recurrence. By analysing DCIS duct size in sections of human breast tumour samples, we identified an associated upregulation of integrin β6 and an increase in periductal fibronectin deposition with increased DCIS duct size that associated with the progression of DCIS to invasion. Our modelling of the mechanical stretching myoepithelial cells undergo during DCIS progression confirmed the upregulation of integrin β6 and fibronectin expression in isolated primary and cell line models of normal myoepithelial cells. Our studies reveal that this mechanostimulated DCIS myoepithelial cell phenotype enhances invasion in a TGFβ-mediated upregulation of MMP13. Immunohistochemical analysis identified that MMP13 was specifically upregulated in DCIS, and it was associated with progression to invasion. These findings implicate tissue mechanics in altering the myoepithelial cell phenotype in DCIS, and that these alterations may be used to stratify DCIS patients into low and high risk for invasive progression.
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8
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Mohapatra BC, Mirza S, Bele A, Gurumurthy CB, Raza M, Saleem I, Storck MD, Sarkar A, Kollala SS, Shukla SK, Southekal S, Wagner KU, Qiu F, Lele SM, Alsaleem MA, Rakha EA, Guda C, Singh PK, Cardiff RD, Band H, Band V. Ecdysoneless Overexpression Drives Mammary Tumorigenesis through Upregulation of C-MYC and Glucose Metabolism. Mol Cancer Res 2022; 20:1391-1404. [PMID: 35675041 PMCID: PMC9437571 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-22-0122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Ecdysoneless (ECD) protein is essential for embryogenesis, cell-cycle progression, and cellular stress mitigation with an emerging role in mRNA biogenesis. We have previously shown that ECD protein as well as its mRNA are overexpressed in breast cancer and ECD overexpression predicts shorter survival in patients with breast cancer. However, the genetic evidence for an oncogenic role of ECD has not been established. Here, we generated transgenic mice with mammary epithelium-targeted overexpression of an inducible human ECD transgene (ECDTg). Significantly, ECDTg mice develop mammary hyperplasia, preneoplastic lesions, and heterogeneous tumors with occasional lung metastasis. ECDTg tumors exhibit epithelial to mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cell characteristics. Organoid cultures of ECDTg tumors showed ECD dependency for in vitro oncogenic phenotype and in vivo growth when implanted in mice. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of ECDTg tumors showed a c-MYC signature, and alterations in ECD levels regulated c-MYC mRNA and protein levels as well as glucose metabolism. ECD knockdown-induced decrease in glucose uptake was rescued by overexpression of mouse ECD as well as c-MYC. Publicly available expression data analyses showed a significant correlation of ECD and c-MYC overexpression in breast cancer, and ECD and c-MYC coexpression exhibits worse survival in patients with breast cancer. Taken together, we establish a novel role of overexpressed ECD as an oncogenesis driver in the mouse mammary gland through upregulation of c-MYC-mediated glucose metabolism. IMPLICATIONS We demonstrate ECD overexpression in the mammary gland of mice led to the development of a tumor progression model through upregulation of c-MYC signaling and glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhopal C. Mohapatra
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Sameer Mirza
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Aditya Bele
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Channabasavaiah B. Gurumurthy
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Mohsin Raza
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Irfana Saleem
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Matthew D. Storck
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Aniruddha Sarkar
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Sai Sundeep Kollala
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Surendra K. Shukla
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Siddesh Southekal
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Kay-Uwe Wagner
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Fang Qiu
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Subodh M. Lele
- Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Mansour A. Alsaleem
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Department of Applied Medical Sciences, Applied College, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad A. Rakha
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Chittibabu Guda
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Pankaj K. Singh
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Robert D. Cardiff
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Hamid Band
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- Pathology and Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
| | - Vimla Band
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Anatomy, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
- Fred & Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska
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Yang H, Ting X, Geng YH, Xie Y, Nierenberg JL, Huo YF, Zhou YT, Huang Y, Yu YQ, Yu XY, Li XF, Ziv E, Zhang H, Fang WG, Shen Y, Tian XX. The risk variant rs11836367 contributes to breast cancer onset and metastasis by attenuating Wnt signaling via regulating NTN4 expression. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabn3509. [PMID: 35687692 PMCID: PMC9187238 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abn3509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Most genome-wide association study (GWAS)-identified breast cancer-associated causal variants remain uncharacterized. To provide a framework of understanding GWAS-identified variants to function, we performed a comprehensive study of noncoding regulatory variants at the NTN4 locus (12q22) and NTN4 gene in breast cancer etiology. We find that rs11836367 is the more likely causal variant, disrupting enhancer activity in both enhancer reporter assays and endogenous genome editing experiments. The protective T allele of rs11837367 increases the binding of GATA3 to the distal enhancer and up-regulates NTN4 expression. In addition, we demonstrate that loss of NTN4 gene in mice leads to tumor earlier onset, progression, and metastasis. We discover that NTN4, as a tumor suppressor, can attenuate the Wnt signaling pathway by directly binding to Wnt ligands. Our findings bridge the gaps among breast cancer-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms, transcriptional regulation of NTN4, and breast cancer biology, which provides previously unidentified insights into breast cancer prediction and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yang
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xia Ting
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yue-Hang Geng
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yuntao Xie
- Breast Center, Peking University School of Oncology, Beijing Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Jovia L. Nierenberg
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yan-Fei Huo
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yan-Ting Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yang Huang
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yu-Qing Yu
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xin-Yao Yu
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Li
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Elad Ziv
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Hongquan Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Wei-Gang Fang
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yin Shen
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Xin-Xia Tian
- Department of Pathology, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Third Hospital, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
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10
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Jacobsen NL, Norton CE, Shaw RL, Cornelison DDW, Segal SS. Myofibre injury induces capillary disruption and regeneration of disorganized microvascular networks. J Physiol 2022; 600:41-60. [PMID: 34761825 PMCID: PMC8965732 DOI: 10.1113/jp282292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Injury to skeletal muscle disrupts myofibres and their microvascular supply. While the regeneration of myofibres is well described, little is known of how the microcirculation is affected by skeletal muscle injury or its recovery during regeneration. Nevertheless, the microvasculature must also recover to restore skeletal muscle function. We aimed to define the nature of microvascular damage and time course of repair during muscle injury and regeneration induced by the myotoxin BaCl2 . To test the hypothesis that microvascular disruption occurred secondary to myofibre injury, isolated microvessels were exposed to BaCl2 or the myotoxin was injected into the gluteus maximus (GM) muscle of mice. In isolated microvessels, BaCl2 depolarized smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and endothelial cells while increasing intracellular calcium in SMCs but did not elicit death of either cell type. At 1 day post-injury (dpi) of the GM, capillary fragmentation coincided with myofibre degeneration while arteriolar and venular networks remained intact; neutrophil depletion before injury did not prevent capillary damage. Perfused capillary networks reformed by 5 dpi in association with more terminal arterioles and were dilated through 10 dpi. With no change in microvascular area or branch point number in regenerating capillary networks, fewer capillaries aligned with myofibres and were no longer organized into microvascular units. By 21 dpi, capillary orientation and microvascular unit organization were no longer different from uninjured GM. We conclude that following their disruption secondary to myofibre damage, capillaries regenerate as disorganized networks that remodel into microvascular units as regenerated myofibres mature. KEY POINTS: Skeletal muscle regenerates after injury; however, the nature of microvascular damage and repair is poorly understood. Here, the myotoxin BaCl2 , a standard experimental method of acute skeletal muscle injury, was used to investigate the response of the microcirculation to local injury of intact muscle. Intramuscular injection of BaCl2 induced capillary fragmentation with myofibre degeneration; arteriolar and venular networks remained intact. Direct exposure to BaCl2 did not kill microvascular endothelial cells or smooth muscle cells. Dilated capillary networks reformed by 5 days post-injury (dpi) in association with more terminal arterioles. Capillary orientation remained disorganized through 10 dpi. Capillaries realigned with myofibres and reorganized into microvascular units by 21 dpi, which coincides with the recovery of vasomotor control and maturation of nascent myofibres. Skeletal muscle injury disrupts its capillary supply secondary to myofibre degeneration. Reorganization of regenerating microvascular networks accompanies the recovery of blood flow regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L. Jacobsen
- Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Charles E. Norton
- Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Rebecca L. Shaw
- Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - D. D. W. Cornelison
- Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA,Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of MO, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Steven S. Segal
- Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA,Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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11
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Colorimetric histology using plasmonically active microscope slides. Nature 2021; 598:65-71. [PMID: 34616057 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03835-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The human eye can distinguish as many as 10,000 different colours but is far less sensitive to variations in intensity1, meaning that colour is highly desirable when interpreting images. However, most biological samples are essentially transparent, and nearly invisible when viewed using a standard optical microscope2. It is therefore highly desirable to be able to produce coloured images without needing to add any stains or dyes, which can alter the sample properties. Here we demonstrate that colorimetric histology images can be generated using full-sized plasmonically active microscope slides. These slides translate subtle changes in the dielectric constant into striking colour contrast when samples are placed upon them. We demonstrate the biomedical potential of this technique, which we term histoplasmonics, by distinguishing neoplastic cells from normal breast epithelium during the earliest stages of tumorigenesis in the mouse MMTV-PyMT mammary tumour model. We then apply this method to human diagnostic tissue and validate its utility in distinguishing normal epithelium, usual ductal hyperplasia, and early-stage breast cancer (ductal carcinoma in situ). The colorimetric output of the image pixels is compared to conventional histopathology. The results we report here support the hypothesis that histoplasmonics can be used as a novel alternative or adjunct to general staining. The widespread availability of this technique and its incorporation into standard laboratory workflows may prove transformative for applications extending well beyond tissue diagnostics. This work also highlights opportunities for improvements to digital pathology that have yet to be explored.
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12
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Martínez-Nieto G, Heljasvaara R, Heikkinen A, Kaski HK, Devarajan R, Rinne O, Henriksson C, Thomson E, von Hertzen C, Miinalainen I, Ruotsalainen H, Pihlajaniemi T, Karppinen SM. Deletion of Col15a1 Modulates the Tumour Extracellular Matrix and Leads to Increased Tumour Growth in the MMTV-PyMT Mouse Mammary Carcinoma Model. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9978. [PMID: 34576139 PMCID: PMC8467152 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Basement membrane (BM) zone-associated collagen XV (ColXV) has been shown to suppress the malignancy of tumour cells, and its restin domain can inhibit angiogenesis. In human breast cancer, as well as in many other human carcinomas, ColXV is lost from the epithelial BM zone prior to tumour invasion. Here, we addressed the roles of ColXV in breast carcinogenesis using the transgenic MMTV-PyMT mouse mammary carcinoma model. We show here for the first time that the inactivation of Col15a1 in mice leads to changes in the fibrillar tumour matrix and to increased mammary tumour growth. ColXV is expressed by myoepithelial and endothelial cells in mammary tumours and is lost from the ductal BM along with the loss of the myoepithelial layer during cancer progression while persisting in blood vessels and capillaries, even in invasive tumours. However, despite the absence of anti-angiogenic restin domain, neovascularisation was reduced rather than increased in the ColXV-deficient mammary tumours compared to controls. We also show that, in robust tumour cell transplantation models or in a chemical-induced fibrosarcoma model, the inactivation of Col15a1 does not affect tumour growth or angiogenesis. In conclusion, our results support the proposed tumour suppressor function of ColXV in mammary carcinogenesis and reveal diverse roles of this collagen in different cancer types.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Polyomavirus Transforming/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/genetics
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinogenesis/pathology
- Cell Proliferation
- Collagen/deficiency
- Collagen/genetics
- Collagen/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Extracellular Matrix/metabolism
- Female
- Fibrosarcoma/pathology
- Fibrosis
- Gene Deletion
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/genetics
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/pathology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/ultrastructure
- Mammary Tumor Virus, Mouse/physiology
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Stromal Cells/pathology
- Stromal Cells/ultrastructure
- Survival Analysis
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Martínez-Nieto
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland; (G.M.-N.); (R.H.); (A.H.); (H.-K.K.); (R.D.); (O.R.); (C.H.); (E.T.); (C.v.H.); (H.R.); (T.P.)
| | - Ritva Heljasvaara
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland; (G.M.-N.); (R.H.); (A.H.); (H.-K.K.); (R.D.); (O.R.); (C.H.); (E.T.); (C.v.H.); (H.R.); (T.P.)
| | - Anne Heikkinen
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland; (G.M.-N.); (R.H.); (A.H.); (H.-K.K.); (R.D.); (O.R.); (C.H.); (E.T.); (C.v.H.); (H.R.); (T.P.)
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland;
| | - Hanne-Kaisa Kaski
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland; (G.M.-N.); (R.H.); (A.H.); (H.-K.K.); (R.D.); (O.R.); (C.H.); (E.T.); (C.v.H.); (H.R.); (T.P.)
| | - Raman Devarajan
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland; (G.M.-N.); (R.H.); (A.H.); (H.-K.K.); (R.D.); (O.R.); (C.H.); (E.T.); (C.v.H.); (H.R.); (T.P.)
| | - Otto Rinne
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland; (G.M.-N.); (R.H.); (A.H.); (H.-K.K.); (R.D.); (O.R.); (C.H.); (E.T.); (C.v.H.); (H.R.); (T.P.)
| | - Charlotta Henriksson
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland; (G.M.-N.); (R.H.); (A.H.); (H.-K.K.); (R.D.); (O.R.); (C.H.); (E.T.); (C.v.H.); (H.R.); (T.P.)
| | - Emmi Thomson
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland; (G.M.-N.); (R.H.); (A.H.); (H.-K.K.); (R.D.); (O.R.); (C.H.); (E.T.); (C.v.H.); (H.R.); (T.P.)
| | - Camilla von Hertzen
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland; (G.M.-N.); (R.H.); (A.H.); (H.-K.K.); (R.D.); (O.R.); (C.H.); (E.T.); (C.v.H.); (H.R.); (T.P.)
| | | | - Heli Ruotsalainen
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland; (G.M.-N.); (R.H.); (A.H.); (H.-K.K.); (R.D.); (O.R.); (C.H.); (E.T.); (C.v.H.); (H.R.); (T.P.)
| | - Taina Pihlajaniemi
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland; (G.M.-N.); (R.H.); (A.H.); (H.-K.K.); (R.D.); (O.R.); (C.H.); (E.T.); (C.v.H.); (H.R.); (T.P.)
| | - Sanna-Maria Karppinen
- Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland; (G.M.-N.); (R.H.); (A.H.); (H.-K.K.); (R.D.); (O.R.); (C.H.); (E.T.); (C.v.H.); (H.R.); (T.P.)
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13
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Leonel ECR, Ruiz TFR, Bedolo CM, Campos SGP, Taboga SR. Inflammatory repercussions in female steroid responsive glands after perinatal exposure to bisphenol A and 17-β estradiol. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:2264-2274. [PMID: 34288236 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The mammary gland (MG) and female prostate are plastic reproductive organs which are highly responsive to hormones. Thus, endocrine disruptors, such as bisphenol A (BPA) and exogenous estrogens, negatively affect glandular homeostasis. In addition to previously described alterations, changes in inflammatory markers expression also trigger the development of a microenvironment that contributes to tumor progression. The current work aimed to evaluate the inflammatory responses of the MG and prostate gland to BPA (50 µg/kg) and 17-β estradiol (35 µg/kg) exposure during the perinatal window of susceptibility. The results showed that at 6 months of age there was an increase in the number of phospho-STAT3 (P-STAT3) positive cells in the female prostate from animals perinatally exposed to 50 µg/kg BPA daily. In addition, the number of macrophages increased in these animals in comparison with nonexposed animals, as shown by the F4/80 marker. Despite an increase in the incidence of lobuloalveolar and intraductal hyperplasia, the MG did not show any difference in the expression of the four inflammatory markers evaluated: tumor necrosis factor-α, COX-2, P-STAT3, and F4/80. Analysis of both glands from the same animal led to the conclusion that exposure to endocrine disruptors during the perinatal window of susceptibility leads to different inflammatory responses in different reproductive organs. As the prostate is more susceptible to these inflammatory mechanisms, it is reasonable to affirm that possible neoplastic alterations in this organ are related to changes in the inflammatory pattern of the stroma, a characteristic that is not evident in the MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Cristina Rivas Leonel
- Department of Biology, Humanities, and Exact Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Histology, Embriology, and Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB III), Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Thalles Fernando Rocha Ruiz
- Department of Biology, Humanities, and Exact Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina Marques Bedolo
- Department of Biology, Humanities, and Exact Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvana Gisele Pegorin Campos
- Department of Biology, Humanities, and Exact Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sebastião Roberto Taboga
- Department of Biology, Humanities, and Exact Sciences, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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14
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da Costa TSR, Urias U, Negrao MV, Jordão CP, Passos CS, Gomes‐Santos IL, Salemi VMC, Camargo AA, Brum PC, Oliveira EM, Hajjar LA, Chammas R, Filho RK, Negrao CE. Breast Cancer Promotes Cardiac Dysfunction Through Deregulation of Cardiomyocyte Ca 2+-Handling Protein Expression That is Not Reversed by Exercise Training. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e018076. [PMID: 33619982 PMCID: PMC8174298 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.018076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Background Patients treated for breast cancer have a high incidence of cardiovascular complications. In this study, we evaluated the impact of breast cancer on cardiac function and cardiomyocyte Ca2+-handling protein expression. We also investigated whether exercise training (ET) would prevent these potential alterations. Methods and Results Transgenic mice with spontaneous breast cancer (mouse mammary tumor virus-polyomavirus middle T antigen [MMTV-PyMT+], n=15) and littermate mice with no cancer (MMTV-PyMT-, n=14) were studied. For the ET analysis, MMTV-PyMT+ were divided into sedentary (n=10) and exercise-trained (n=12) groups. Cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography with speckle-tracking imaging. Exercise tolerance test was conducted on a treadmill. Both studies were performed when the tumor became palpable and when it reached 1 cm3. After euthanasia, Ca2+-handling protein expression (Western blot) was evaluated. Exercise capacity was reduced in MMTV-PyMT+ compared with MMTV-PyMT- (Pinteraction=0.031). Longitudinal strain (Pgroup <0.001) and strain rate (Pgroup=0.030) were impaired. Cardiomyocyte phospholamban was increased (P=0.011), whereas phospho-phospholamban and sodium/calcium exchanger were decreased (P=0.038 and P=0.017, respectively) in MMTV-PyMT+. No significant difference in sarcoplasmic or endoplasmic reticulum calcium 2 ATPase (SERCA2a) was found. SERCA2a/phospholamban ratio was reduced (P=0.007). ET was not associated with increased exercise capacity. ET decreased left ventricular end-systolic diameter (Pgroup=0.038) and end-diastolic volume (Pgroup=0.026). Other morphological and functional cardiac parameters were not improved by ET in MMTV-PyMT+. ET did not improve cardiomyocyte Ca2+-handling protein expression. Conclusions Breast cancer is associated with decreased exercise capacity and subclinical left ventricular dysfunction in MMTV-PyMT+, which is at least partly associated with dysregulation of cardiomyocyte Ca2+ handling. ET did not prevent or reverse these changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tassia S. R. da Costa
- Heart Institute (InCor) do Hospital das ClínicasFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São PauloBrasil
- Cancer Institute of the State of São PauloHospital das ClínicasFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São PauloBrasil
| | - Ursula Urias
- Heart Institute (InCor) do Hospital das ClínicasFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São PauloBrasil
- School of Physical Education and SportUniversidade de São PauloBrasil
| | - Marcelo V. Negrao
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical OncologyThe University of TexasMD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX
| | - Camila P. Jordão
- Heart Institute (InCor) do Hospital das ClínicasFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São PauloBrasil
| | - Clévia S. Passos
- Heart Institute (InCor) do Hospital das ClínicasFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São PauloBrasil
| | - Igor L. Gomes‐Santos
- Heart Institute (InCor) do Hospital das ClínicasFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São PauloBrasil
- Edwin L. Steele Laboratories for Tumor BiologyDepartment of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA
| | - Vera Maria C. Salemi
- Heart Institute (InCor) do Hospital das ClínicasFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São PauloBrasil
| | | | - Patricia C. Brum
- School of Physical Education and SportUniversidade de São PauloBrasil
| | | | - Ludhmila A. Hajjar
- Heart Institute (InCor) do Hospital das ClínicasFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São PauloBrasil
- Cancer Institute of the State of São PauloHospital das ClínicasFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São PauloBrasil
| | - Roger Chammas
- Cancer Institute of the State of São PauloHospital das ClínicasFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São PauloBrasil
| | - Roberto K. Filho
- Heart Institute (InCor) do Hospital das ClínicasFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São PauloBrasil
| | - Carlos E. Negrao
- Heart Institute (InCor) do Hospital das ClínicasFaculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São PauloBrasil
- School of Physical Education and SportUniversidade de São PauloBrasil
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15
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Hitchcock JR, Hughes K, Harris OB, Watson CJ. Dynamic architectural interplay between leucocytes and mammary epithelial cells. FEBS J 2019; 287:250-266. [PMID: 31691481 PMCID: PMC7003847 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The adult mammary gland undergoes dynamic changes during puberty and the postnatal developmental cycle. The mammary epithelium is composed of a bilayer of outer basal, or myoepithelial, cells and inner luminal cells, the latter lineage giving rise to the milk-producing alveolar cells during pregnancy. These luminal alveolar cells undergo Stat3-mediated programmed cell death following the cessation of lactation. It is established that immune cells in the microenvironment of the gland have a role to play both in the ductal outgrowth during puberty and in the removal of dead cells and remodelling of the stroma during the process of postlactational regression. However, most studies have focussed on the role of the stromal immune cell compartment or have quantified immune cell populations in tissue extracts. Our recent development of protocols for deep imaging of the mammary gland in three dimensions (3D) has enabled the architectural relationship between immune cells and the epithelium to be examined in detail, and we have discovered a surprisingly dynamic relationship between the basal epithelium and leucocytes. Furthermore, we have observed morphological changes in the myoepithelial cells, as involution progresses, which were not revealed by previous work in 2D tissue sections and whole tissue. This dynamic architecture suggests a role for myoepithelial cells in the orderly progression of involution. We conclude that deep imaging of mammary gland and other tissues is essential for analysing complex interactions between cellular compartments.
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16
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Martinez LM, Robila V, Clark NM, Du W, Idowu MO, Rutkowski MR, Bos PD. Regulatory T Cells Control the Switch From in situ to Invasive Breast Cancer. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1942. [PMID: 31555258 PMCID: PMC6727150 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a non-obligate precursor of breast cancer, and it only progresses to invasive breast cancer in around 40% of patients. While immune infiltrates have been observed in these early cancer lesions, their potential prognostic value is still unclear. Regulatory T (Treg) cells accumulate in advanced breast cancers, and predict poor outcome. We have shown before that ablation of Treg cells in established tumors leads to significant decrease in primary and metastatic tumor burden. In this work, we sought to investigate Treg cell function in the progression from non-invasive to invasive breast cancer lesions. To this end, we used the murine mammary tumor virus polyoma middle T (MMTV-PyMT) murine model of spontaneous, stage-wise breast carcinogenesis crossed to Foxp3 DTR knock in mice, allowing Treg cell ablation by administration of diphtheria toxin. Transient targeting of Treg cells at the in situ carcinoma stage resulted in a significant increase in the number of tumor-bearing mammary glands and size of growing tumors compared with control mice. Whole mammary gland mounts and histological examination confirmed larger emergent tumor area in Treg cell-ablated mice, and revealed that these tumors were characterized by a more advanced tumor staging, with presence of early invasion, increased desmoplasia and collagen deposition. Furthermore, Treg cell ablation increased the percentage of cancer stem/progenitor cells in the mammary compartment. Interestingly, Treg cell ablation resulted in increased inflammatory cytokines IL-4 and IL-5 with a concomitant reduction in classically activated tumor associated macrophages. This TH2-biased immune regulatory mammary inflammation was consistent with the enhancement in tumor promotion that we observed. Overall, our study demonstrates that Treg cells oppose breast cancer progression at early stages, raising a cautionary note regarding the consideration of immune intervention targeted at boosting immune responses for DCIS.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Breast Neoplasms/immunology
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/immunology
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology
- Cytokines/immunology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Female
- Inflammation/immunology
- Inflammation/pathology
- Macrophages/immunology
- Macrophages/physiology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/immunology
- Mammary Neoplasms, Animal/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Neoplasm Staging/methods
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory/pathology
- Th2 Cells/immunology
- Th2 Cells/pathology
- Tumor Burden/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandro M. Martinez
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Valentina Robila
- Anatomic Pathology Service, Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Nicholas M. Clark
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
- Integrative Life Sciences Doctoral Program, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Wei Du
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Michael O. Idowu
- Anatomic Pathology Service, Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Melanie R. Rutkowski
- Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Paula D. Bos
- Department of Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, United States
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