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Ceci L, Cavalera MA, Serrapica F, Di Francia A, Masucci F, Carelli G. Use of reclaimed urban wastewater for the production of hydroponic barley forage: water characteristics, feed quality and effects on health status and production of lactating cows. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1274466. [PMID: 38046569 PMCID: PMC10690813 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1274466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The safety of reclaimed urban wastewater (RUW) for the production of hydroponic barley forage (HBF) was evaluated in terms of effluent and forage characteristics, as well as the health and performance of lactating cows. The study was conducted on a dairy farm equipped with two hydroponic chambers producing approximately 620 kg/d of HBF as fed. For experimental purposes, HBF was produced using RUW collected from an aqueduct plant processing urban wastewater in a membrane bioreactor treatment chain. A feeding trial was carried out with HBF derived from RUW. Sixty lactating cows were randomly assigned to two balanced groups fed a standard total mixed ration (TMR) or a TMR in which 10 kg of HBF replaced 1 kg of oat hay and 0.5 kg of maize. The experimental period lasted 7 weeks, including a 2-week adaptation period, during which each cow underwent a physical examination, BCS scoring, blood sampling for a complete blood count and biochemical panel, recording of body weight and milk yield and quality, including fatty acid composition and heavy metal content. Ruminal pH was continuously monitored by reticulorumen boluses, and nutrient digestibility and N balance were determined at week 7. RUW showed an acceptable microbial load and an overall good quality as irrigation water, even though the supply of N and P did not influence the yield and quality of HBF. The characteristics of HBF reflected the quality of RUW supplied to the hydroponic chambers and no anomalous components (i.e., high ion concentration) were found. Feeding RW-derived HBF to lactating cows had no major positive or negative effects on animal health and production, including milk quality, ruminal pH, in vivo digestibility, and N balance. The use of RUW under the conditions tested appears to be safe for the health status of lactating cows and the quality of the milk obtained. Overall, the results do not reveal any major limitations for the use of tertiary wastewater as irrigation water for the hydroponic production of forage barley, so that a wider use of wastewater in hydroponic systems seems realistic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Ceci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
| | | | - Francesco Serrapica
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Antonio Di Francia
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Felicia Masucci
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | - Grazia Carelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari, Valenzano, Italy
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Mezzetti M, Premi M, Minuti A, Bani P, Lopreiato V, Trevisi E. Effect of a feed additive containing yeast cell walls, clove and coriander essential oils and Hibiscus sabdariffa administered to mid-lactating dairy cows on productive performance, rumen fluid composition and metabolic conditions. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.2019619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Mezzetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Animali, della Nutrizione e degli Alimenti (DIANA), Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Michele Premi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Animali, della Nutrizione e degli Alimenti (DIANA), Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Andrea Minuti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Animali, della Nutrizione e degli Alimenti (DIANA), Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Paolo Bani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Animali, della Nutrizione e degli Alimenti (DIANA), Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Lopreiato
- Dipartimento di Scienze Animali, della Nutrizione e degli Alimenti (DIANA), Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
| | - Erminio Trevisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Animali, della Nutrizione e degli Alimenti (DIANA), Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Piacenza, Italy
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Evaluation of nitrogen excretion equations for ryegrass pasture-fed dairy cows. Animal 2021; 15:100311. [PMID: 34416555 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate and precise estimates of nitrogen (N) excretion in faeces and urine of dairy cattle may provide direct tools to improve N management and thus, to mitigate environmental pollution from dairy production. Empirical equations of N excretion have been evaluated for indoor dairy cattle but there is no evaluation for cows fed high proportions of fresh forage. Therefore, the objective of the current study was to evaluate N excretion equations with a unique data set of zero-grazing experiments. Through literature searches, 89 predictive equations were identified from 13 studies. An independent data set was developed from seven zero-grazing experiments with, in total, 55 dairy Holstein-Friesian cows. Models' performance was evaluated with statistics derived from a mixed-effect model and a simple regression analysis model. Squared sample correlation coefficients were used as indicators of precision and based on either the best linear unbiased predictions (R2BLUP) or model-predicted estimates (R2MDP) derived from the mixed model and simple regression analysis, respectively. The slope (β0), the intercept (β1) and the root mean square prediction error (RMSPEm%) were calculated with the mixed-effect model and used to assess accuracy. The root mean square prediction error (RMSPEsr%) and the decomposition of the mean square prediction error were calculated with the simple regression analysis and were used to estimate the error due to central tendency (mean bias), regression (systematic bias), and random variation. Concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) were also calculated with the simple regression analysis model and were used to simultaneously assess accuracy and precision. Considering both analysis models, results suggested that urinary N excretion (UN; R2MDP = 0.76, R2BLUP = 0.89, RMSPEm% = 17.2, CCC = 0.82), total manure N excretion (ManN; R2MDP = 0.83, R2BLUP = 0.90, RMSPEm% = 11.0, CCC = 0.84) and N apparently digested (NAD; R2MDP = 0.97, R2BLUP = 0.97, RMSPEm% = 5.3, CCC = 0.95) were closely related to N intake. Milk N secretion was better predicted using milk yield as a single independent variable (MilkN; R2MDP = 0.77, R2BLUP = 0.97, RMSPEm% = 6.0, CCC = 0.74). Additionally, DM intake was a good predictor of UN and ManN and dietary CP concentration of UN and ManN. Consequently, results suggest that several evaluated empirical equations can be used to make accurate and precise predictions concerning N excretion from dairy cows being fed on fresh forage.
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Salami SA, Moran CA, Warren HE, Taylor-Pickard J. Meta-analysis and sustainability of feeding slow-release urea in dairy production. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246922. [PMID: 33577610 PMCID: PMC7880434 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Slow-release urea (SRU) is a coated non-protein nitrogen (NPN) source for providing rumen degradable protein in ruminant nutrition. A meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing vegetable protein sources with SRU (Optigen®, Alltech Inc., USA) on the production performance of dairy cows. Additionally, the impact of SRU supplementation on dairy sustainability was examined by quantifying the carbon footprint (CFP) of feed use for milk production and manure nitrogen (N) excretion of dairy cows. Data on diet composition and performance variables were extracted from 17 experiments with 44 dietary comparisons (control vs. SRU). A linear mixed model and linear regression were applied to statistically analyse the effect of SRU on feed intake and production performance. Feeding SRU decreased (P < 0.05) dry matter intake (DMI, -500 g/d) and N intake (NI, -20 g/d). There was no significant effect (P > 0.05) on milk yield, fat-corrected milk, energy-corrected milk, and milk fat and protein composition. However, SRU supplementation improved (P < 0.05) feed efficiency (+3%) and N use efficiency (NUE, +4%). Regression analyses revealed that increasing SRU inclusion level decreased DMI and NI whereas increasing dietary crude protein (CP) increased both parameters. However, milk yield and feed efficiency increased in response to increasing levels of SRU inclusion and dietary CP. The NUE had a positive relationship with SRU level whereas NUE decreased with increasing dietary CP. The inclusion of SRU in dairy diets reduced the CFP of feed use for milk production (-14.5%; 373.13 vs. 319.15 g CO2 equivalent/kg milk). Moreover, feeding SRU decreased manure N excretion by 2.7% to 3.1% (-12 to -13 g/cow/d) and N excretion intensity by 3.6% to 4.0% (-0.50 to -0.53 g N/kg milk). In conclusion, feeding SRU can contribute to sustainable dairy production through improvement in production efficiency and reduction in environmental impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saheed A. Salami
- Solutions Deployment Team, Alltech (UK) Ltd., Stamford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Colm A. Moran
- Regulatory Affairs Department, Alltech SARL, Vire, France
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Hanlon ME, Moorby JM, McConochie HR, Foskolos A. Effects of addition of nutritionally improved straw in dairy cow diets at 2 starch levels. J Dairy Sci 2020; 103:10233-10244. [PMID: 32921469 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-18360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this experiment was to explore the effects of different dietary neutral detergent fiber sources within diets of high-producing dairy cattle with low or high starch concentrations on milk yield and composition, dry matter intake (DMI), total-tract digestibility, nitrogen (N) partitioning, and rumen function and health. Holstein-Friesian cows in early- to mid-lactation (n = 12; 666 ± 67 kg of body weight at the start of the experiment) and dry cannulated Holstein-Frisian cows (n = 4; 878 ± 67 kg of body weight at the start of the experiment) were used in multiple 4 × 4 Latin square design experiment and were offered 4 different diets. The treatments were 50:50 forage-to-concentrate diets within a total mixed ration (TMR) consisting, on a dry matter (DM) basis, of 42.4% grass silage as the main forage, 7.6% chopped untreated wheat straw, or sodium hydroxide (NaOH) wheat straw pellets, known as nutritionally improved straw (NIS), and 50.0% of 1 of 2 different concentrates with low or high starch level (TMR starch level of 16.0 vs. 24.0% of DM, respectively). Four experimental periods were used, each consisting of a 21-d adaptation period and 7 d of sampling. Dry matter intake and milk yield were both affected by the type of straw included in the diet. A 1.6 kg/d higher DMI was seen when NIS was fed compared with untreated straw, resulting in a 1.7 kg/d higher milk yield. Milk protein concentration was affected by straw type and starch level, and it was 4 and 3% higher when NIS and high-starch diets were fed, respectively. Diets with NIS were more positively effective when fed with low levels of starch. These results illustrate that feeding NIS to high-producing lactating dairy cows fed low or high starch concentrations has a positive effect on performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Hanlon
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3EE, United Kingdom; Department of Animal Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larisa, 411 10, Greece
| | - J M Moorby
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3EE, United Kingdom
| | - H R McConochie
- Wynnstay Group Plc, Llansantffraid, SY22 6AQ, United Kingdom
| | - A Foskolos
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, SY23 3EE, United Kingdom; Department of Animal Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larisa, 411 10, Greece.
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Liebe F, Liebe H, Kaessmeyer S, Sponder G, Stumpff F. The TRPV3 channel of the bovine rumen: localization and functional characterization of a protein relevant for ruminal ammonia transport. Pflugers Arch 2020; 472:693-710. [PMID: 32458085 PMCID: PMC7293678 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-020-02393-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Large quantities of ammonia (NH3 or NH4+) are absorbed from the gut, associated with encephalitis in hepatic disease, poor protein efficiency in livestock, and emissions of nitrogenous climate gasses. Identifying the transport mechanisms appears urgent. Recent functional and mRNA data suggest that absorption of ammonia from the forestomach of cattle may involve TRPV3 channels. The purpose of the present study was to sequence the bovine homologue of TRPV3 (bTRPV3), localize the protein in ruminal tissue, and confirm transport of NH4+. After sequencing, bTRPV3 was overexpressed in HEK-293 cells and Xenopus oocytes. An antibody was selected via epitope screening and used to detect the protein in immunoblots of overexpressing cells and bovine rumen, revealing a signal of the predicted ~ 90 kDa. In rumen only, an additional ~ 60 kDa band appeared, which may represent a previously described bTRPV3 splice variant of equal length. Immunohistochemistry revealed staining from the ruminal stratum basale to stratum granulosum. Measurements with pH-sensitive microelectrodes showed that NH4+ acidifies Xenopus oocytes, with overexpression of bTRPV3 enhancing permeability to NH4+. Single-channel measurements revealed that Xenopus oocytes endogenously expressed small cation channels in addition to fourfold-larger channels only observed after expression of bTRPV3. Both endogenous and bTRPV3 channels conducted NH4+, Na+, and K+. We conclude that bTRPV3 is expressed by the ruminal epithelium on the protein level. In conjunction with data from previous studies, a role in the transport of Na+, Ca2+, and NH4+ emerges. Consequences for calcium homeostasis, ruminal pH, and nitrogen efficiency in cattle are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Liebe
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hendrik Liebe
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, and Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Kaessmeyer
- Institute of Veterinary Anatomy, Freie Universität Berlin, Koserstraße 20, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerhard Sponder
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Friederike Stumpff
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Oertzenweg 19b, 14163, Berlin, Germany.
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Foskolos A, Ferret A, Siurana A, Castillejos L, Calsamiglia S. Effects of Capsicum and Propyl-Propane Thiosulfonate on Rumen Fermentation, Digestion, and Milk Production and Composition in Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10050859. [PMID: 32429202 PMCID: PMC7278403 DOI: 10.3390/ani10050859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Essential oils may affect rumen fermentation, nutrient digestion, and milk production and composition. The objective of this study was to test the effects of capsicum oleoresin (CAP) and propyl-propane thiosulfonate (PTSO) on rumen fermentation, total tract digestibility, and milk yield and composition in lactating dairy cattle. Six lactating Holstein cows (averaging (mean ± SD) 130 ± 40 days in milk and 723 ± 55 kg of body weight) fitted with rumen cannulae were used in a duplicated 3 × 3 Latin square design. Treatments were: a control diet (CTR), the CTR diet with the addition of 500 mg/d/cow of CAP, and the CTR diet with the addition of 250 mg/d/cow of PTSO. Dry matter intake (DMI) averaged 20.7 kg/d with a tendency towards higher intake in cows fed CAP and lower in those fed PTSO (p = 0.08). Milk yield averaged 31.8 kg/d with no difference among treatments. However, feed efficiency was higher in PTSO supplemented cows compared with CTR (1.65 and 1.41 kg of milk yield/kg of DMI, respectively; p < 0.01). At the doses used in this experiment, CAP and PTSO failed to demonstrate any effects on rumen fermentation, but PTSO increased the efficiency of feed utilization to produce milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Foskolos
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service (SNiBA), Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (A.F.); (A.F.); (A.S.); (L.C.)
- Department of Animal Science, University of Thessaly, Campus Gaiopolis, 411 10 Larisa, Greece
| | - Alfred Ferret
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service (SNiBA), Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (A.F.); (A.F.); (A.S.); (L.C.)
| | - Adriana Siurana
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service (SNiBA), Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (A.F.); (A.F.); (A.S.); (L.C.)
| | - Lorena Castillejos
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service (SNiBA), Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (A.F.); (A.F.); (A.S.); (L.C.)
| | - Sergio Calsamiglia
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service (SNiBA), Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain; (A.F.); (A.F.); (A.S.); (L.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-93581495
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Soteriades AD, Foskolos A, Styles D, Gibbons JM. Diversification not specialization reduces global and local environmental burdens from livestock production. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 132:104837. [PMID: 31450105 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Milk and beef production generates environmental burdens globally and locally. Across many regions a typical dairy intensification pathway is for dairy farms to specialize on milk production and reduce the co-production of beef (i.e. 'dairy-beef'). Dairy-beef thus reduces and beef needs to be produced elsewhere if beef production is to be maintained. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) studies quantifying the environmental implications of dairy and beef production have largely focused on the farm level and not captured system connections. Further LCA work has generally represented the 'average' farm of a region, consequently ignoring the range in farm management observed in practice and few studies consider a range of LCA environmental footprints other than carbon footprints. For the first time, we present comprehensive LCA results for multiple environmental burdens based on a large panel dataset for commercial dairy and suckler-beef farms. We present a 15-year LCA assessment of a total of 738 dairy (3624 data points in 15 years) and 1887 suckler-beef (10,340 data points in 15 years) UK farms for five major LCA footprints. We also explore the footprint implications of compensating for reduced dairy-beef through producing this 'displaced' beef on suckler-beef farms. We found a substantial variation in farm footprints not captured in 'average farm' studies. Dairy-beef was much more efficient than beef produced on suckler-beef farms in terms of footprints per unit of beef output. Reducing dairy-beef and replacing it on a suckler-beef farm generally significantly increased environmental burdens. A reduction in carbon footprint was also associated with a reduction in other burdens suggesting no trade-off between local and global emissions. Increasing dairy farm diversification via higher dairy-beef output per unit of milk reduced burdens by up to 11-56%, on average, depending on burden and sensitivity run. We conclude that overspecialization of dairy farms in milk production increases the combined burdens from beef and milk, and that more intensive beef systems that make more efficient use of forage land play a crucial role in mitigating these burdens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas D Soteriades
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Deiniol Road, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK; Sir William Roberts Centre for Sustainable Land Use, Bangor University, Deiniol Road, Bangor LL57 2DG, UK.
| | - Andreas Foskolos
- IBERS, Aberystwyth University, Ceredigion, Aberystwyth SY23 3EB, UK
| | - David Styles
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Deiniol Road, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK; Plant & Agri-BioSciences Centre, Ryan Institute, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - James M Gibbons
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Deiniol Road, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK
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