1
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Paterson J, Ryan KA, Morley D, Jones NJ, Yeates P, Hall Y, Whittaker CJ, Salguero FJ, Marriott AC. Infection with Seasonal H1N1 Influenza Results in Comparable Disease Kinetics and Host Immune Responses in Ferrets and Golden Syrian Hamsters. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12050668. [PMID: 37242338 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12050668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal models of influenza are important in preclinical research for the study of influenza infection and the assessment of vaccines, drugs and therapeutics. Here, we show that Golden Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) inoculated via the intranasal route with high dose of influenza H1N1 display comparable disease kinetics and immune responses to the 'gold standard' ferret (Mustela furo) model. We demonstrate that both the hamster and ferret models have measurable disease endpoints of weight loss, temperature change, viral shedding from the upper respiratory tract and increased lung pathology. We also characterised both the humoral and cellular immune responses to infection in both models. The comparability of these data supports the Golden Syrian hamster model being useful in preclinical evaluation studies to explore the efficacy of countermeasures against influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jemma Paterson
- UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Kathryn A Ryan
- UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Daniel Morley
- UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Nicola J Jones
- UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Paul Yeates
- UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
| | - Yper Hall
- UK Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury SP4 0JG, UK
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2
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Khoury O, Clouse C, McSwain MK, Applegate J, Kock ND, Atala A, Murphy SV. Ferret acute lung injury model induced by repeated nebulized lipopolysaccharide administration. Physiol Rep 2022; 10:e15400. [PMID: 36268626 PMCID: PMC9585421 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory lung diseases affect millions of people worldwide. These diseases are caused by a number of factors such as pneumonia, sepsis, trauma, and inhalation of toxins. Pulmonary function testing (PFT) is a valuable functional methodology for better understanding mechanisms of lung disease, measuring disease progression, clinical diagnosis, and evaluating therapeutic interventions. Animal models of inflammatory lung diseases are needed that accurately recapitulate disease manifestations observed in human patients and provide an accurate prediction of clinical outcomes using clinically relevant pulmonary disease parameters. In this study, we evaluated a ferret lung inflammation model that closely represents multiple clinical manifestations of acute lung inflammation and injury observed in human patients. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa was nebulized into ferrets for 7 repeated daily doses. Repeated exposure to nebulized LPS resulted in a restrictive pulmonary injury characterized using Buxco forced maneuver PFT system custom developed for ferrets. This is the first study to report repeated forced maneuver PFT in ferrets, establishing lung function measurements pre- and post-injury in live animals. Bronchoalveolar lavage and histological analysis confirmed that LPS exposure elicited pulmonary neutrophilic inflammation and structural damage to the alveoli. We believe this ferret model of lung inflammation, with clinically relevant disease manifestations and parameters for functional evaluation, is a useful pre-clinical model for understanding human inflammatory lung disease and for the evaluation of potential therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oula Khoury
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative MedicineWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Cara Clouse
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative MedicineWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Malcolm K. McSwain
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative MedicineWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Jeffrey Applegate
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary MedicineNorth Carolina State UniversityRaleighNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Nancy D. Kock
- Department of Pathology/Comparative MedicineWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Anthony Atala
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative MedicineWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Sean V. Murphy
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative MedicineWake Forest University School of MedicineWinston‐SalemNorth CarolinaUSA
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3
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Qin R, Meng G, Pushalkar S, Carlock MA, Ross TM, Vogel C, Mahal LK. Prevaccination Glycan Markers of Response to an Influenza Vaccine Implicate the Complement Pathway. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:1974-1985. [PMID: 35757850 PMCID: PMC9361353 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A key to improving vaccine design and vaccination strategy is to understand the mechanism behind the variation of vaccine response with host factors. Glycosylation, a critical modulator of immunity, has no clear role in determining vaccine responses. To gain insight into the association between glycosylation and vaccine-induced antibody levels, we profiled the pre- and postvaccination serum protein glycomes of 160 Caucasian adults receiving the FLUZONE influenza vaccine during the 2019-2020 influenza season using lectin microarray technology. We found that prevaccination levels of Lewis A antigen (Lea) are significantly higher in nonresponders than responders. Glycoproteomic analysis showed that Lea-bearing proteins are enriched in complement activation pathways, suggesting a potential role of glycosylation in tuning the activities of complement proteins, which may be implicated in mounting vaccine responses. In addition, we observed a postvaccination increase in sialyl Lewis X antigen (sLex) and a decrease in high mannose glycans among high responders, which were not observed in nonresponders. These data suggest that the immune system may actively modulate glycosylation as part of its effort to establish effective protection postvaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Qin
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Guanmin Meng
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Smruti Pushalkar
- Center
for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Michael A. Carlock
- Center
for Vaccines and Immunology, University
of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Ted M. Ross
- Center
for Vaccines and Immunology, University
of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Christine Vogel
- Center
for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, New York 10003, United States
| | - Lara K. Mahal
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
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4
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Ferret Interferon (IFN)-Inducible Transmembrane Proteins Are Upregulated by both IFN-α and Influenza Virus Infection. J Virol 2021; 95:e0011121. [PMID: 33952646 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00111-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The current fears of a future influenza pandemic have resulted in an increased emphasis on the development and testing of novel therapeutic strategies against the virus. Fundamental to this is the ferret model of influenza infection, which is critical in examining pathogenesis and treatment. Nevertheless, a precise evaluation of the efficacy of any treatment strategy in ferrets is reliant on understanding the immune response in this model. Interferon-inducible transmembrane proteins (IFITMs) are interferon-stimulated proteins shown to be critically important in the host immune response against viral infections. These proteins confer intrinsic innate immunity to pH-dependent viruses such as influenza viruses and can inhibit cytosolic entry of such viruses to limit the severity of infection following interferon upregulation. Mutations in IFITM genes in humans have been identified as key risk factors for worsened disease progression, particularly in the case of avian influenza viruses such as H7N9. While the IFITM genes of humans and mice have been well characterized, no studies have been conducted to classify the IFITM locus and interferon-driven upregulation of IFITMs in ferrets. Here, we show the architecture of the ferret IFITM locus and its synteny to the IFITM locus of other mammalian and avian species. Furthermore, we show that ferret IFITM1, -2, and -3 are functionally responsive to both interferon-α (IFN-α) and influenza virus stimulation. Thus, we show that ferret IFITMs exhibit interferon-stimulated properties similar to those shown in other species, furthering our knowledge of the innate immune response in the ferret model of human influenza virus infections. IMPORTANCE IFITM proteins can prevent the entry of several pH-dependent viruses, including high-consequence viruses such as HIV, influenza viruses, and SARS-coronaviruses. Mutations in these genes have been associated with worsened disease outcomes with mutations in their IFITM genes, highlighting these genes as potential disease risk factors. Ferrets provide a valuable tool to model infectious diseases; however, there is a critical shortage of information regarding their interferon-stimulated genes. We identified the putative ferret IFITM genes and mapped their complete gene locus. Thus, our study fills a critical gap in knowledge and supports the further use of the ferret model to explore the importance of IFITMs in these important diseases.
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5
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Marriott AC, Gooch KE, Brown PJ, Ryan KA, Jones NJ, Merredew N, Wiblin N, Dibben O, Bright H, Hallis B, Whittaker CJ, Carroll MW. Severity of heterosubtypic influenza virus infection in ferrets is reduced by live attenuated influenza vaccine. NPJ Vaccines 2021; 6:43. [PMID: 33782409 PMCID: PMC8007727 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-021-00306-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) is widely used to protect humans from seasonal influenza infection, particularly in children. In contrast to inactivated vaccines, the LAIV can induce both mucosal and cellular immune responses. Here we show that a single dose of monovalent H1N1pdm09-specific LAIV in the ferret model is fully protective against a subsequent wild-type H1N1pdm09 challenge, and furthermore reduces the severity of disease following challenge with a different influenza A subtype (H3N2). The reduced severity comprised reductions in weight loss and fever, as well as more rapid clearance of virus, compared to non-vaccinated H3N2-challenged ferrets. No H3N2-neutralizing antibodies were detected in vaccinated ferret sera. Rather, heterosubtypic protection correlated with interferon-gamma+ (IFN-γ+) T-cell responses measured in peripheral blood and in lung lymphocytes. The IFN-γ+ cells were cross-reactive to H3N2 virus even when obtained from vaccinated animals that had never been exposed to H3N2 virus. We believe this study provides compelling evidence that the LAIV can provide a significant reduction in infection and symptoms when challenged with heterosubtypic influenza strains not included in the LAIV, highlighting the importance of cross-reactive T-cells in the design of a universal influenza vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony C Marriott
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Wiltshire, UK.
| | - Karen E Gooch
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Wiltshire, UK
| | - Phillip J Brown
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Wiltshire, UK
| | - Kathryn A Ryan
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Wiltshire, UK
| | - Nicola J Jones
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Wiltshire, UK
| | - Natasha Merredew
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Wiltshire, UK
| | - Nathan Wiblin
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Wiltshire, UK
| | - Oliver Dibben
- Flu-MSAT, Biopharmaceutical Development, R&D, AstraZeneca, Liverpool, UK
| | - Helen Bright
- Flu-MSAT, Biopharmaceutical Development, R&D, AstraZeneca, Liverpool, UK
| | - Bassam Hallis
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Wiltshire, UK
| | | | - Miles W Carroll
- National Infection Service, Public Health England, Porton Down, Wiltshire, UK
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6
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De Conto F, Conversano F, Razin SV, Belletti S, Arcangeletti MC, Chezzi C, Calderaro A. Host-cell dependent role of phosphorylated keratin 8 during influenza A/NWS/33 virus (H1N1) infection in mammalian cells. Virus Res 2021; 295:198333. [PMID: 33556415 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the involvement of keratin 8 during human influenza A/NWS/33 virus (H1N1) infection in semi-permissive rhesus monkey-kidney (LLC-MK2) and permissive human type II alveolar epithelial (A549) cells. In A549 cells, keratin 8 showed major expression and phosphorylation levels. Influenza A/NWS/33 virus was able to subvert keratin 8 structural organization at late stages of infection in both cell models, promoting keratin 8 phosphorylation in A549 cells at early phases of infection. Accordingly, partial colocalizations of the viral nucleoprotein with keratin 8 and its phosphorylated form were assessed by confocal microscopy at early stages of infection in A549 cells. The employment of chemical activators of phosphorylation resulted in structural changes as well as increased phosphorylation of keratin 8 in both cell models, favoring the influenza A/NWS/33 virus's replicative efficiency in A549 but not in LLC-MK2 cells. In A549 and human larynx epidermoid carcinoma (HEp-2) cells inoculated with respiratory secretions from pediatric patients positive for, respectively, influenza A virus or respiratory syncytial virus, the keratin 8 phosphorylation level had increased only in the case of influenza A virus infection. The results obtained suggest that in A549 cells the influenza virus is able to induce keratin 8 phosphorylation thereby enhancing its replicative efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora De Conto
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | | | - Sergey V Razin
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences and Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Silvana Belletti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Chezzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Adriana Calderaro
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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7
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Dose-dependent response to infection with SARS-CoV-2 in the ferret model and evidence of protective immunity. Nat Commun 2021; 12:81. [PMID: 33398055 PMCID: PMC7782478 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20439-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a vital need for authentic COVID-19 animal models to enable the pre-clinical evaluation of candidate vaccines and therapeutics. Here we report a dose titration study of SARS-CoV-2 in the ferret model. After a high (5 × 106 pfu) and medium (5 × 104 pfu) dose of virus is delivered, intranasally, viral RNA shedding in the upper respiratory tract (URT) is observed in 6/6 animals, however, only 1/6 ferrets show similar signs after low dose (5 × 102 pfu) challenge. Following sequential culls pathological signs of mild multifocal bronchopneumonia in approximately 5–15% of the lung is seen on day 3, in high and medium dosed groups. Ferrets re-challenged, after virus shedding ceased, are fully protected from acute lung pathology. The endpoints of URT viral RNA replication & distinct lung pathology are observed most consistently in the high dose group. This ferret model of SARS-CoV-2 infection presents a mild clinical disease. SARS-CoV-2 induces mild infection in ferret model. Here, Ryan et al. characterise optimal infection dosage inducing upper respiratory tract (UTR) viral shedding, progression time of viral shedding, and pathology in ferrets and finally provide evidence for protection after re-challenge.
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8
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Horman WSJ, Nguyen THO, Kedzierska K, Butler J, Shan S, Layton R, Bingham J, Payne J, Bean AGD, Layton DS. The Dynamics of the Ferret Immune Response During H7N9 Influenza Virus Infection. Front Immunol 2020; 11:559113. [PMID: 33072098 PMCID: PMC7541917 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.559113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As the recent outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 has highlighted, the threat of a pandemic event from zoonotic viruses, such as the deadly influenza A/H7N9 virus subtype, continues to be a major global health concern. H7N9 virus strains appear to exhibit greater disease severity in mammalian hosts compared to natural avian hosts, though the exact mechanisms underlying this are somewhat unclear. Knowledge of the H7N9 host-pathogen interactions have mainly been constrained to natural sporadic human infections. To elucidate the cellular immune mechanisms associated with disease severity and progression, we used a ferret model to closely resemble disease outcomes in humans following influenza virus infection. Intriguingly, we observed variable disease outcomes when ferrets were inoculated with the A/Anhui/1/2013 (H7N9) strain. We observed relatively reduced antigen-presenting cell activation in lymphoid tissues which may be correlative with increased disease severity. Additionally, depletions in CD8+ T cells were not apparent in sick animals. This study provides further insight into the ways that lymphocytes maturate and traffic in response to H7N9 infection in the ferret model.
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Affiliation(s)
- William S J Horman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Health and Biosecurity, Australian Centre for Disease Prevention, East Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Thi H O Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jeffrey Butler
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Australian Centre for Disease Prevention, East Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Songhua Shan
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Australian Centre for Disease Prevention, East Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Rachel Layton
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Australian Centre for Disease Prevention, East Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - John Bingham
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Australian Centre for Disease Prevention, East Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Jean Payne
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Australian Centre for Disease Prevention, East Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew G D Bean
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Health and Biosecurity, Australian Centre for Disease Prevention, East Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniel S Layton
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Health and Biosecurity, Australian Centre for Disease Prevention, East Geelong, VIC, Australia
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9
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Noll KE, Whitmore AC, West A, McCarthy MK, Morrison CR, Plante KS, Hampton BK, Kollmus H, Pilzner C, Leist SR, Gralinski LE, Menachery VD, Schäfer A, Miller D, Shaw G, Mooney M, McWeeney S, Pardo-Manuel de Villena F, Schughart K, Morrison TE, Baric RS, Ferris MT, Heise MT. Complex Genetic Architecture Underlies Regulation of Influenza-A-Virus-Specific Antibody Responses in the Collaborative Cross. Cell Rep 2020; 31:107587. [PMID: 32348764 PMCID: PMC7195006 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Host genetic factors play a fundamental role in regulating humoral immunity to viral infection, including influenza A virus (IAV). Here, we utilize the Collaborative Cross (CC), a mouse genetic reference population, to study genetic regulation of variation in antibody response following IAV infection. CC mice show significant heritable variation in the magnitude, kinetics, and composition of IAV-specific antibody response. We map 23 genetic loci associated with this variation. Analysis of a subset of these loci finds that they broadly affect the antibody response to IAV as well as other viruses. Candidate genes are identified based on predicted variant consequences and haplotype-specific expression patterns, and several show overlap with genes identified in human mapping studies. These findings demonstrate that the host antibody response to IAV infection is under complex genetic control and highlight the utility of the CC in modeling and identifying genetic factors with translational relevance to human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey E Noll
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Alan C Whitmore
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ande West
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mary K McCarthy
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Kenneth S Plante
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Brea K Hampton
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Heike Kollmus
- Department of Infection Genetics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Carolin Pilzner
- Department of Infection Genetics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Sarah R Leist
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Infection Genetics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Lisa E Gralinski
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Vineet D Menachery
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, USA
| | - Alexandra Schäfer
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Darla Miller
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Ginger Shaw
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Michael Mooney
- Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA; OHSU Knight Cancer Center Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Shannon McWeeney
- Division of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA; OHSU Knight Cancer Center Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA; Oregon Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Fernando Pardo-Manuel de Villena
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Klaus Schughart
- Department of Infection Genetics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany; University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Thomas E Morrison
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ralph S Baric
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Martin T Ferris
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mark T Heise
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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10
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Skarlupka AL, Ross TM. Immune Imprinting in the Influenza Ferret Model. Vaccines (Basel) 2020; 8:vaccines8020173. [PMID: 32276530 PMCID: PMC7348859 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines8020173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The initial exposure to influenza virus usually occurs during childhood. This imprinting has long-lasting effects on the immune responses to subsequent infections and vaccinations. Animal models that are used to investigate influenza pathogenesis and vaccination do recapitulate the pre-immune history in the human population. The establishment of influenza pre-immune ferret models is necessary for understanding infection and transmission and for designing efficacious vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L. Skarlupka
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
| | - Ted M. Ross
- Center for Vaccines and Immunology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA;
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-706-542-9708
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11
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Mendoza M, Gunasekera D, Pratt KP, Qiu Q, Casares S, Brumeanu TD. The humanized DRAGA mouse (HLA-A2. HLA-DR4. RAG1 KO. IL-2R g c KO. NOD) establishes inducible and transmissible models for influenza type A infections. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020; 16:2222-2237. [PMID: 32129705 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1713605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We have engineered a Human Immune System (HIS)-reconstituted mouse strain (DRAGA mouse: HLA-A2. HLA-DR4. Rag1 KO. IL-2Rγc KO. NOD) in which the murine immune system has been replaced by a long-term, functional HIS via infusion of CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) from cord blood. Herein, we report that the DRAGA mice can sustain inducible and transmissible H1N1 and H3N2 influenza A viral (IAV) infections. DRAGA female mice were significantly more resilient than the males to the H3N2/Aichi infection, but not to H3N2/Hong Kong, H3N2/Victoria, or H1N1/PR8 sub-lethal infections. Consistently associated with large pulmonary hemorrhagic areas, both human and murine Factor 8 mRNA transcripts were undetectable in the damaged lung tissues but not in livers of DRAGA mice advancing to severe H1N1/PR8 infection. Infected DRAGA mice mounted a neutralizing anti-viral antibody response and developed lung-resident CD103 T cells. These results indicate that the DRAGA mouse model for IAV infections can more closely approximate the human lung pathology and anti-viral immune responses compared to non-HIS mice. This mouse model may also allow further investigations into gender-based resilience to IAV infections, and may potentially be used to evaluate the efficacy of IAV vaccine regimens for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirian Mendoza
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD, USA.,Department of Pathology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Devi Gunasekera
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kathleen P Pratt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Qi Qiu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD, USA.,US Military Malaria Vaccine Development, Naval Medical Research Center/Walter Reed Army Institute of Research , Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Sofia Casares
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD, USA.,US Military Malaria Vaccine Development, Naval Medical Research Center/Walter Reed Army Institute of Research , Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Teodor-D Brumeanu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD, USA
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Wong J, Layton D, Wheatley AK, Kent SJ. Improving immunological insights into the ferret model of human viral infectious disease. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2019; 13:535-546. [PMID: 31583825 PMCID: PMC6800307 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferrets are a well-established model for studying both the pathogenesis and transmission of human respiratory viruses and evaluation of antiviral vaccines. Advanced immunological studies would add substantial value to the ferret models of disease but are hindered by the low number of ferret-reactive reagents available for flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry. Nevertheless, progress has been made to understand immune responses in the ferret model with a limited set of ferret-specific reagents and assays. This review examines current immunological insights gained from the ferret model across relevant human respiratory diseases, with a focus on influenza viruses. We highlight key knowledge gaps that need to be bridged to advance the utility of ferrets for immunological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Wong
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyPeter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - Daniel Layton
- CSIRO Health and BiosecurityAustralian Animal Health LaboratoriesGeelongVic.Australia
| | - Adam K. Wheatley
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyPeter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVic.Australia
| | - Stephen J. Kent
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyPeter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVic.Australia
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre and Department of Infectious DiseasesAlfred Hospital and Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVic.Australia
- ARC Centre for Excellence in Convergent Bio‐Nano Science and TechnologyUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVic.Australia
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Isakova-Sivak I, Matyushenko V, Kotomina T, Kiseleva I, Krutikova E, Donina S, Rekstin A, Larionova N, Mezhenskaya D, Sivak K, Muzhikyan A, Katelnikova A, Rudenko L. Sequential Immunization with Universal Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccine Candidates Protects Ferrets against a High-Dose Heterologous Virus Challenge. Vaccines (Basel) 2019; 7:vaccines7030061. [PMID: 31288422 PMCID: PMC6789596 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines7030061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of universal influenza vaccines has been a priority for more than 20 years. We conducted a preclinical study in ferrets of two sets of live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIVs) expressing chimeric hemagglutinin (cHA). These vaccines contained the HA stalk domain from H1N1pdm09 virus but had antigenically unrelated globular head domains from avian influenza viruses H5N1, H8N4 and H9N2. The viral nucleoproteins (NPs) in the two sets of universal LAIV candidates were from different sources: one LAIV set contained NP from A/Leningrad/17 master donor virus (MDV), while in the other set this gene was from wild-type (WT) H1N1pdm09 virus, in order to better match the CD8 T-cell epitopes of currently circulating influenza A viruses. To avoid any difference in protective effect of the various anti-neuraminidase (NA) antibodies, all LAIVs were engineered to contain the NA gene of Len/17 MDV. Naïve ferrets were sequentially immunized with three doses of (i) classical LAIVs containing non-chimeric HA and NP from MDV (LAIVs (NP-MDV)); (ii) cHA-based LAIVs containing NP from MDV (cHA LAIVs (NP-MDV)); and (iii) cHA-based LAIVs containing NP from H1N1pdm09 virus (cHA LAIVs (NP-WT)). All vaccination regimens were safe, producing no significant increase in body temperature or weight loss, in comparison with the placebo group. The two groups of cHA-based vaccines induced a broadly reactive HA stalk-directed antibody, while classical LAIVs did not. A high-dose challenge with H1N1pdm09 virus induced significant pathology in the control, non-immunized ferrets, including high virus titers in respiratory tissues, clinical signs of disease and histopathological changes in nasal turbinates and lung tissues. All three vaccination regimens protected animals from clinical manifestations of disease: immunized ferrets did not lose weight or show clinical symptoms, and their fever was significantly lower than in the control group. Further analysis of virological and pathological data revealed the following hierarchy in the cross-protective efficacy of the vaccines: cHA LAIVs (NP-WT) > cHA LAIVs (NP-MDV) > LAIVs (NP-MDV). This ferret study showed that prototype universal cHA-based LAIVs are highly promising candidates for further clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Isakova-Sivak
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St Petersburg 197376, Russia.
| | - Victoria Matyushenko
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St Petersburg 197376, Russia
| | - Tatiana Kotomina
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St Petersburg 197376, Russia
| | - Irina Kiseleva
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St Petersburg 197376, Russia
| | - Elena Krutikova
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St Petersburg 197376, Russia
| | - Svetlana Donina
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St Petersburg 197376, Russia
| | - Andrey Rekstin
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St Petersburg 197376, Russia
| | - Natalia Larionova
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St Petersburg 197376, Russia
| | - Daria Mezhenskaya
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St Petersburg 197376, Russia
| | - Konstantin Sivak
- Department of Preclinical Trials, Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, St Petersburg 197376, Russia
| | - Arman Muzhikyan
- Department of Preclinical Trials, Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, St Petersburg 197376, Russia
| | - Anastasia Katelnikova
- Department of Toxicology and Microbiology, Institute of Preclinical Research Ltd., St Petersburg 188663, Russia
| | - Larisa Rudenko
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, St Petersburg 197376, Russia
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Heterosubtypic cross-protection correlates with cross-reactive interferon-gamma-secreting lymphocytes in the ferret model of influenza. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2617. [PMID: 30796267 PMCID: PMC6384896 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-38885-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
An effective universal vaccine for influenza will likely need to induce virus-specific T-cells, which are the major mediator of heterosubtypic cross-protection between different subtypes of influenza A virus. In this study we characterise the cell-mediated immune response in ferrets during heterosubtypic protection induced by low-dose H1N1 virus infection against an H3N2 virus challenge, given 4 weeks later. Although the ferrets were not protected against the infection by H3N2 virus, the duration of virus shedding was shortened, and clinical disease was markedly reduced. No cross-reactive neutralizing antibodies were detected, but cross-reactive interferon-gamma-secreting T cells were detected in the circulation prior to H3N2 challenge. These T-cells peaked at 11 days post-H1N1 infection, and were strongly induced in blood and in lung following H3N2 infection. The rapid induction of interferon-gamma-secreting cells in ferrets previously infected with H1N1 virus, but not in naïve ferrets, suggests induction of memory T-cells. These results are in accord with the observations that pre-existing cross-reactive T-cells correlate with protection in humans and have implications for outbreak modelling and universal vaccine design.
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15
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Korenkov D, Isakova-Sivak I, Rudenko L. Basics of CD8 T-cell immune responses after influenza infection and vaccination with inactivated or live attenuated influenza vaccine. Expert Rev Vaccines 2018; 17:977-987. [DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2018.1541407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniil Korenkov
- Department of Virology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Institute of Experimental Medicine”, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Irina Isakova-Sivak
- Department of Virology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Institute of Experimental Medicine”, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Larisa Rudenko
- Department of Virology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Institute of Experimental Medicine”, Saint Petersburg, Russia
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