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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Exosomes are lipid-bound particles that carry lipids, protein, and nucleic acid and affect cellular function. This review highlights the current knowledge on the crosstalk between exosomes and lipid metabolism and their impact on cardiometabolic disease. RECENT FINDINGS Recent studies revealed that lipids and lipid metabolizing enzymes are important for exosome biogenesis and internalization and conversely how exosomes affect lipid metabolism, secretion, and degradation. The interplay between exosomes and lipid metabolism affects disease pathophysiology. More importantly, exosomes and lipids might function as biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis or possibly therapies. SUMMARY Recent advances in our understanding of exosomes and lipid metabolism have implications for our understanding of normal cellular and physiological functions as well as disease pathogenesis. Exosome and lipid metabolism have implications in novel diagnostic tests and treatments of cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zina Zein Abdin
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - Apple Ziquan Geng
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - Mark Chandy
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Division of Cardiology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
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Xie X, Shirasu T, Li J, Guo LW, Kent KC. miR579-3p is an inhibitory modulator of neointimal hyperplasia and transcription factors c-MYB and KLF4. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:73. [PMID: 36813774 PMCID: PMC9946956 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01364-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Neointimal hyperplasia (IH) is a common vascular pathology that typically manifests in in-stent restenosis and bypass vein graft failure. Smooth muscle cell (SMC) phenotypic switching is central to IH, both regulated by some microRNAs, yet the role of miR579-3p, a scarcely studied microRNA, is not known. Unbiased bioinformatic analysis suggested that miR579-3p was repressed in human primary SMCs treated with different pro-IH cytokines. Moreover, miR579-3p was software-predicted to target both c-MYB and KLF4 - two master transcription factors known to promote SMC phenotypic switching. Interestingly, treating injured rat carotid arteries via local infusion of miR579-3p-expressing lentivirus reduced IH 14 days after injury. In cultured human SMCs, transfection with miR579-3p inhibited SMC phenotypic switching, as indicated by decreased proliferation/migration and increased SMC contractile proteins. miR579-3p transfection downregulated c-MYB and KLF4, and luciferase assays indicated miR579-3p's targeting of the 3'UTRs of the c-MYB and KLF4 mRNAs. In vivo, immunohistochemistry showed that treatment of injured rat arteries with the miR579-3p lentivirus reduced c-MYB and KLF4 and increased SMC contractile proteins. Thus, this study identifies miR579-3p as a previously unrecognized small-RNA inhibitor of IH and SMC phenotypic switch involving its targeting of c-MYB and KLF4. Further studies on miR579-3p may provide an opportunity for translation to develop IH-mitigating new therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujie Xie
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
| | - Takuro Shirasu
- grid.27755.320000 0000 9136 933XDepartment of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA
| | - Jing Li
- grid.27755.320000 0000 9136 933XDepartment of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA
| | - Lian-Wang Guo
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA. .,Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA. .,Robert M. Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA.
| | - K. Craig Kent
- grid.27755.320000 0000 9136 933XDepartment of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22908 USA
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Yao J, Cai L, Chen Y, Zhang J, Zhuang W, Liang J, Li H. Exosomes: mediators regulating the phenotypic transition of vascular smooth muscle cells in atherosclerosis. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:153. [PMID: 36221105 PMCID: PMC9555104 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00949-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is one of the leading causes of human mortality worldwide, mainly due to atherosclerosis (AS), and the phenotypic transition of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is a key event in the development of AS. Exosomes contain a variety of specific nucleic acids and proteins that mediate intercellular communication. The role of exosomes in AS has attracted attention. This review uses the VSMC phenotypic transition in AS as the entry point, introduces the effect of exosomes on AS from different perspectives, and discusses the status quo, deficiencies, and potential future directions in this field to provide new ideas for clinical research and treatment of AS. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Yao
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Linqian Cai
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingrui Chen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Afliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225001, China
| | - Wenwen Zhuang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingyan Liang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental and Translational Non-Coding RNA Research, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongliang Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Experimental and Translational Non-Coding RNA Research, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, China.
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Khachigian LM, Black BL, Ferdinandy P, De Caterina R, Madonna R, Geng YJ. Transcriptional regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, differentiation and senescence: Novel targets for therapy. Vascul Pharmacol 2022; 146:107091. [PMID: 35896140 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2022.107091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) possess a unique cytoplasticity, regulated by transcriptional, translational and phenotypic transformation in response to a diverse range of extrinsic and intrinsic pathogenic factors. The mature, differentiated SMC phenotype is physiologically typified transcriptionally by expression of genes encoding "contractile" proteins, such as SMα-actin (ACTA2), SM-MHC (myosin-11) and SM22α (transgelin). When exposed to various pathological conditions (e.g., pro-atherogenic risk factors, hypertension), SMC undergo phenotypic modulation, a bioprocess enabling SMC to de-differentiate in immature stages or trans-differentiate into other cell phenotypes. As recent studies suggest, the process of SMC phenotypic transformation involves five distinct states characterized by different patterns of cell growth, differentiation, migration, matrix protein expression and declined contractility. These changes are mediated via the action of several transcriptional regulators, including myocardin and serum response factor. Conversely, other factors, including Kruppel-like factor 4 and nuclear factor-κB, can inhibit SMC differentiation and growth arrest, while factors such as yin yang-1, can promote SMC differentiation whilst inhibiting proliferation. This article reviews recent advances in our understanding of regulatory mechanisms governing SMC phenotypic modulation. We propose the concept that transcription factors mediating this switching are important biomarkers and potential pharmacological targets for therapeutic intervention in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levon M Khachigian
- Vascular Biology and Translational Research, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Brian L Black
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Group, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Hungary; Pharmahungary Group, 6722 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Raffaele De Caterina
- Cardiovascular Division, Pisa University Hospital & University of Pisa, Via Paradisa, 2, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Rosalinda Madonna
- Cardiovascular Division, Pisa University Hospital & University of Pisa, Via Paradisa, 2, Pisa 56124, Italy; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Center for Cardiovascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Research, McGovern School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Yong-Jian Geng
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Center for Cardiovascular Biology and Atherosclerosis Research, McGovern School of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States of America
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Gao S, Ge LH, Zhao YM, Li P, Li YY, Zhao W. Hsa-miRNA-143-3p regulates the odontogenic differentiation of human stem cells from the apical papilla by targeting NFIC. Int Endod J 2021; 55:263-274. [PMID: 34807471 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effects of hsa-miRNA-143-3p on the cytodifferentiation of human stem cells from the apical papilla (hSCAPs) and the post-transcriptional regulation of Nuclear factor I-C (NFIC). METHODOLOGY miRNA expression profiles in human immature permanent teeth and during hSCAP differentiation were examined. hSCAPs were treated with miR-143-3p overexpression or silencing viruses, and the proliferation and odontogenic and osteogenic differentiation of these stem cells, and the involvement of the NFIC pathway, were investigated. Luciferase reporter and NFIC mutant plasmids were used to confirm NFIC mRNA as a direct target of miR-143-3p. NFIC expression analysis in the miR-143-3p overexpressing hSCAPs was used to investigate whether miR-143-3p functioned by targeting NFIC. Student's t-test and chi-square tests were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS miR-143-3p expression was screened by microarray profiling and was found to be significantly reduced during hSCAP differentiation (p < .05). Overexpression of miR-143-3p inhibited the mineralization of hSCAPs significantly (p < .05) and downregulated the levels of odontogenic differentiation markers (NFIC [p < .05], DSP [p < .01] and KLF4 [p < .01]), whereas silencing of miR-143-3p had the opposite effect. The luciferase reporter gene detection and bioinformatic approaches identified NFIC mRNA as a potential target of miR-143-3p. NFIC overexpression reversed the inhibitory effect of miR-143-3p on the odontogenic differentiation of hSCAPs. CONCLUSIONS miR-143-3p maintained the stemness of hSCAPs and modulated their differentiation negatively by directly targeting NFIC. Thus, inhibition of this miRNA represents a potential strategy to promote the regeneration of damaged tooth roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Gao
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Hong Ge
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Ming Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Pei Li
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao-Yin Li
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Zhang L, Wang X, Li Y, Han J, Gao X, Li S, Wang F. c-Myb facilitates immune escape of esophageal adenocarcinoma cells through the miR-145-5p/SPOP/PD-L1 axis. Clin Transl Med 2021; 11:e464. [PMID: 34586738 PMCID: PMC8473478 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), a subtype of esophageal carcinoma, is a severe health problem associated with high death rate and poor prognosis. Immunotherapy has proven to be effective in many solid tumors, including EAC, but immune escape blocks its effectiveness. Thus, we explored the mechanisms and functional role of c-Myb in immune escape of EAC cells. Clinical EAC tissues were collected for determining the expression of c-Myb, speckled POZ protein (SPOP), and miR-145-5p. Functional assays were then performed to detect the interactions between c-Myb and SPOP as well as between SPOP and miR-145-5p. EAC cell invasion and migration were assessed. Next, T cells were sorted and cocultured with EAC cells with different treatments followed by detection of T-cell viability. In addition, a mouse model of EAC was constructed for relevant in vivo assays. c-Myb and miR-145-5p were highly expressed and SPOP had low expressions in EAC. c-Myb activated the transcription of miR-145-5p, which in turn targeted SPOP. Further, SPOP accelerated the ubiquitination of PD-L1 to enhance its expression. Overexpression of PD-L1 suppressed T-cell functions and promoted proliferative and migrative abilities of EAC cells to induce immune escape. The above findings were also confirmed in the ECA mouse model in vivo. Our findings uncovered that c-Myb can promote the immune escape of EAC cells by favoring the transcription of miR-145-5p and inhibiting SPOP-dependent ubiquitination and degradation of PD-L1, thus, presenting new target for EAC adjunct therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zhang
- Department of PathologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouP. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of PathologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical UniversityZhengzhouP. R. China
| | - Yunfei Li
- Department of PathologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouP. R. China
| | - Jing Han
- Department of PathologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouP. R. China
| | - Xianzheng Gao
- Department of PathologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouP. R. China
| | - Shenglei Li
- Department of PathologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouP. R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of OncologyThe First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouP. R. China
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A tangled tale of microRNA and cardiac fibrosis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2020; 133:2217-2220. [PMID: 31722012 DOI: 10.1042/cs20190866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is important for wound healing, regeneration and producing the extracellular matrix (ECM) that provides the scaffold for cells. In pathological situations, fibroblasts are activated and remodel the ECM. In volume 133, issue 17 of Clinical Science, Yang et al. discovered that the miR-214-3p/NLRC5 axis is important for fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transition (FMT) and ECM remodelling in a pressure overload model of fibrosis [Clin. Sci. (2019) 133(17), 1845-1856]. This discovery helps to explain the complicated regulation of cardiac fibrosis. It also underscores the need for more investigation into the mechanisms of cardiac fibrosis to develop better diagnostic modalities and therapeutic options in heart failure.
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The Protective Effect of Bosentan against Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice Is Mediated by miRNA-21. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:8348430. [PMID: 31886257 PMCID: PMC6915145 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8348430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Vascular calcification is an independent risk factor for plaque instability and is associated with endothelial cell function. Here, we investigated the role of endothelial cell function in the calcification of atherosclerotic plaques. We hypothesized that atherosclerosis would be associated with endothelial dysfunction and that bosentan (Tracleer®), a dual endothelin-receptor antagonist, would preserve endothelial cell function in an apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE-/-) mouse model of atherosclerosis. Accordingly, 4-6-week-old ApoE-/- mice were fed a high-fat diet and treated with bosentan, and the effects of this treatment on body weight and blood lipid concentrations was evaluated. Endothelial damage in the aortic arch was assessed immunohistochemically to detect the proapoptotic proteins PDCD4, caspase-3, and Bax and the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2. Notably, bosentan treatment was associated with decreased concentrations of these proteins and of blood lipids in ApoE-/- mice. Consistent with these findings, we observed increased concentrations of miRNA-21 and PDCD4 mRNA expression in the aortic arch endothelium after bosentan treatment. We conclude that bosentan can prevent endothelial cell death and protect against atherosclerosis in ApoE-deficient mice by upregulating miRNA-21.
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Liu X, Wu Y, Zhou Z, Huang M, Deng W, Wang Y, Zhou X, Chen L, Li Y, Zeng T, Wang G, Fu B. Celecoxib inhibits the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in bladder cancer via the miRNA-145/TGFBR2/Smad3 axis. Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:683-693. [PMID: 31198976 PMCID: PMC6605707 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Celecoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, has chemo-preventive activity against different cancer types, including bladder cancer (BC). However, the mechanisms by which celecoxib exerts its cancer preventative effects have yet to be completely understood. In the present study, the effect of celecoxib on the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of BC cells and its potential molecular mechanisms were investigated. The results of the present study demonstrated that celecoxib inhibited the proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT of BC cells. Further investigation of the underlying mechanism revealed that celecoxib inhibited EMT by upregulating microRNA (miR)-145 and downregulating the expression of transforming growth factor β receptor 2 and SMAD family member 3. Furthermore, the combination of celecoxib with miR-145 mimics demonstrated an additive migration and invasion-inhibitory effect in BC cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqiang Liu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yanlong Wu
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The People's Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Zhengtao Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Mingchuan Huang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Wen Deng
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yibing Wang
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xiaochen Zhou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Luyao Chen
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yu Li
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Tao Zeng
- Department of Urology, The People's Hospital of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Gongxian Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Bin Fu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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