1
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Rianjongdee F, Palmer D, Pickett SD, Pogány P, Tomkinson NCO, Green DVS. bbSelect - An Open-Source Tool for Performing a 3D Pharmacophore-Driven Diverse Selection of R-Groups. J Chem Inf Model 2024. [PMID: 38822782 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.4c00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
The design of compounds during hit-to-lead often seeks to explore a vector from a core scaffold to form additional interactions with the target protein. A rational approach to this is to probe the region of a protein accessed by a vector with a systematic placement of pharmacophore features in 3D, particularly when bound structures are not available. Herein, we present bbSelect, an open-source tool built to map the placements of pharmacophore features in 3D Euclidean space from a library of R-groups, employing partitioning to drive a diverse and systematic selection to a user-defined size. An evaluation of bbSelect against established methods exemplified the superiority of bbSelect in its ability to perform diverse selections, achieving high levels of pharmacophore feature placement coverage with selection sizes of a fraction of the total set and without the introduction of excess complexity. bbSelect also reports visualizations and rationale to enable users to understand and interrogate results. This provides a tool for the drug discovery community to guide their hit-to-lead activities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Palmer
- Department for Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Stephen D Pickett
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Peter Pogány
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
| | - Nicholas C O Tomkinson
- Department for Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, U.K
| | - Darren V S Green
- GSK Medicines Research Centre, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, U.K
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2
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Alshahrani MM. Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 NSP-15 by Uridine-5'-Monophosphate Analogues Using QSAR Modelling, Molecular Dynamics Simulations, and Free Energy Landscape. Saudi Pharm J 2024; 32:101914. [PMID: 38111672 PMCID: PMC10727945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is accountable for severe social and economic disruption around the world causing COVID-19. Non-structural protein-15 (NSP15) possesses a domain that is vital to the viral life cycle and is known as uridylate-specific endoribonuclease (EndoU). This domain binds to the uridine 5'-monophosphate (U5P) so that the protein may carry out its native activity. It is considered a vital drug target to inhibit the growth of the virus. Thus, in this current study, ML-based QSAR and virtual screening of U5P analogues targeting Nsp15 were performed to identify potential molecules against SARS-CoV-2. Screening of 816 unique U5P analogues using ML-based QSAR identified 397 compounds ranked on their predicted bioactivity (pIC50). Further, molecular docking and hydrogen bond interaction analysis resulted in the selection of the top three compounds (53309102, 57398422, and 76314921). Molecular dynamics simulation of the most promising compounds showed that two molecules 53309102 and 57398422 acted as potential binders of Nsp15. The compound was able to inhibit nsp15 activity as it was successfully bound to the active site of the nsp15 protein. This was achieved by the formation of relevant contacts with enzymatically critical amino acid residues (His235, His250, and Lys290). Principal component analysis and free energy landscape studies showed stable complex formation while MM/GBSA calculation showed lower binding energies for 53309102 (ΔGTOTAL = -29.4 kcal/mol) and 57398422 (ΔGTOTAL = -39.4 kcal/mol) compared to the control U5P (ΔGTOTAL = -18.8 kcal/mol). This study aimed to identify analogues of U5P inhibiting the NSP15 function that potentially could be used for treating COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Merae Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, 1988, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
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3
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Younes KM, Abouzied AS, Alafnan A, Huwaimel B, Khojali WMA, Alzahrani RM. Investigating the bispecific lead compounds against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus SarA and CrtM using machine learning and molecular dynamics approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-18. [PMID: 38147401 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2297012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a notorious pathogen that has emerged as a serious global health concern over the past few decades. Staphylococcal accessory regulator A (SarA) and 4,4'-diapophytoene synthase (CrtM) play a crucial role in biofilm formation and staphyloxanthin biosynthesis. Thus, the present study used a machine learning-based QSAR model to screen 1261 plant-derived natural organic compounds in order to identify a medication candidate with both biofilm and virulence inhibitory potential. Additionally, the in-silico molecular docking analysis has demonstrated significant binding efficacy of the identified hit compound, that is 85137543, with SarA and CrtM when compared to the control compound, hesperidin. Post-MD simulation analysis of the complexes depicted strong binding of 85137543 to both SarA and CrtM. Moreover, 85137543 showed hydrogen bonding with the key residues of both proteins during docking (ALA138 of SarA and ALA134 of CrtM) and post-MD simulation (LYS273 of CrtM and ASN212 of SarA). The RMSD of 85137543 was stable and consistent when bound to both CrtM and SarA with RMSDs of 1.3 and 1 nm, respectively. In addition, principal component analysis and the free energy landscape showed stable complex formation with both proteins. Low binding free energy (ΔGTotal) was observed by 85137543 for SarA (-47.92 kcal/mol) and CrtM (-36.43 kcal/mol), which showed strong binding. Overall, this study identified 85137543 as a potential inhibitor of both SarA and CrtM in MRSA.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kareem M Younes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amr S Abouzied
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Alafnan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bader Huwaimel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
- Medical and Diagnostic Research Center, University of Ha'il, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Weam M A Khojali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Omdurman Islamic University, Omdurman, Sudan
| | - Rami M Alzahrani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
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4
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Sarhan MO, Haffez H, Elsayed NA, El-Haggar RS, Zaghary WA. New phenothiazine conjugates as apoptosis inducing agents: Design, synthesis, In-vitro anti-cancer screening and 131I-radiolabeling for in-vivo evaluation. Bioorg Chem 2023; 141:106924. [PMID: 37871390 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Phenothiazines (PTZs) are a group of compounds characterized by the presence of the 10H-dibenzo-[b,e]-1,4-thiazine system. PTZs used in clinics as antipsychotic drugs with other diverse biological activities. The current aim of the study is to investigate and understand the effect of potent PTZs compounds using a group of In-vitro and In-vivo assays. A total of seventeen novel phenothiazine derivatives have been designed, synthesized, and evaluated primarily in-vitro for their ability to inhibit proliferation activity against NCI-60 cancer cell lines, including several multi-drug resistant (MDR) tumor cell lines. Almost all compounds were active and displayed promising cellular activities with GI50 values in the sub-micromolar range. Four of the most promising derivatives (4b, 4h, 4g and 6e) have been further tested against two selected sensitive cancer cell lines (colon cancer; HCT-116 and breast cancer; MDA-MB231). The apoptosis assay showed that all the selected compounds were able to induce early apoptosis and compound 6e was able to induce additional cellular necrosis. Cell cycle assay showed all selected compounds were able to induce cell cycle arrest at sub-molecular phase of G0-G1 with compound 6e induced cell cycle arrest at G2M in HCT-116 cells. Accordingly, the apoptotic effect of the selected compounds was extensively investigated on genetic level and Casp-3, Casp-9 and Bax gene were up-regulated with down-regulation of Bcl-2 gene suggesting the activation of both intrinsic and extrinsic pathways. In-vivo evaluation of the antitumor activity of compound 4b in solid tumor bearing mice showed promising therapeutic effect with manifestation of dose and time dependent toxic effects at higher doses. For better evaluation of the degree of localization of 4b, its 131I-congener (131I-4b) was injected intravenously in Ehrlich solid tumor bearing mice that showed good localization at tumor site with rapid distribution and clearance from the blood. In-silico study suggested NADPH oxidases (NOXs) as potential molecular target. The compounds introduced in the current study work provided a cutting-edge phenothiazine hybrid scaffold with promising anti-proliferation action that may suggest their anti-cancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona O Sarhan
- Labelled Compounds Department, Hot Lab Centre, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Egypt
| | - Hesham Haffez
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, 11795 Cairo, Egypt; Center of Scientific Excellence "Helwan Structural Biology Research, (HSBR)", Helwan University, 11795 Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Nosaiba A Elsayed
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, 11795 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Radwan S El-Haggar
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, 11795 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Wafaa A Zaghary
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Helwan University, 11795 Cairo, Egypt.
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5
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Kandjani OJ, Yaqoubi S, Vahdati SS, Borhannejad B, Dastmalchi S, Alizadeh AA. S1PR1 modulators in multiple sclerosis: Efficacy, safety, comparison, and chemical structure insights. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 250:115182. [PMID: 36758307 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neurological disease that leads to severe physical and cognitive disabilities. Drugs used in the treatment of MS vary from small synthetic molecules to large macromolecules such as antibodies. Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulators are frequently used for the treatment of MS. These medicines prevent the egress of lymphocytes from secondary lymphoid organs leading to immune system suppression. Currently, four S1PR modulators are on the market and several potential drug candidates are in clinical trials for the treatment of MS. These compounds differ in chemical structure, adverse effects, and efficacy points of view. The current article reviews the latest studies on S1PR1 modulators and compares them with other MS drugs in terms of efficacy, tolerability, and safety. A special focus was dedicated to discussing the structure-activity relationships of these compounds and performing a three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) analysis to gain better insight into the ligand-receptor interaction mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Jamshidi Kandjani
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Parmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shadi Yaqoubi
- Research Center for Integrative Medicine in Aging, Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Samad Shams Vahdati
- Emergency and Trauma Care Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behnam Borhannejad
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Siavoush Dastmalchi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; School of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, POBOX:99138, Nicosia, North Cyprus, Mersin 10, Turkey
| | - Ali Akbar Alizadeh
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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6
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Muzychka LV, Verves EV, Yaremchuk IO, Zinchenko AM, Shishkina SV, Semenyuta IV, Hodyna DM, Metelytsia LO, Kovalishyn V, Smolii OB. Synthesis, QSAR modeling, and molecular docking of novel fused 7-deazaxanthine derivatives as adenosine A 2A receptor antagonists. Chem Biol Drug Des 2022; 100:1025-1032. [PMID: 34651417 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Predictive QSAR models for the search of new adenosine A2A receptor antagonists were developed by using OCHEM platform. The predictive ability of the regression models has coefficient of determination q2 = 0.65-0.71 with cross-validation and independent test set. The inhibition activities of novel fused 7-deazaxanthine compounds were predicted by the developed QSAR models. A preparative method for the synthesis of pyrimido[5',4':4,5]pyrrolo[1,2-a][1,4]diazepine derivatives was developed, and 11 new adenosine A2A receptor antagonists were obtained. Preliminary investigations into the toxicology of fused 7-deazaxanthine compounds toward commonly used model organism to assess toxicity invertebrate cladoceran D. magna were also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liubov V Muzychka
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Evgenii V Verves
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine.,Enamine Ltd, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Iryna O Yaremchuk
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Anna M Zinchenko
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Svitlana V Shishkina
- Department of X-ray Diffraction Studies and Quantum Chemistry, STC "Institute for Single Crystals", NAS of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Ivan V Semenyuta
- Department of Medical and Biological Researches, V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Diana M Hodyna
- Department of Medical and Biological Researches, V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Larysa O Metelytsia
- Department of Medical and Biological Researches, V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Vasyl Kovalishyn
- Department of Medical and Biological Researches, V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Oleg B Smolii
- Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, NAS of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
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7
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Bathula R, Lanka G, Chakravarty M, Somadi G, Sivan SK, Jain A, Potlapally SR. Structural insight into PRMT5 inhibitors through amalgamating pharmacophore-based virtual screening, ADME toxicity, and binding energy studies to identify new inhibitors by molecular docking. Struct Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-022-01918-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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8
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Mirzaei S, Ghodsi R, Hadizadeh F, Sahebkar A. 3D-QSAR-Based Pharmacophore Modeling, Virtual Screening, and Molecular Docking Studies for Identification of Tubulin Inhibitors with Potential Anticancer Activity. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6480804. [PMID: 34485522 PMCID: PMC8410400 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6480804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to develop a pharmacophore-based three-dimensional quantitative structure activity relationship (3D-QSAR) for a set including sixty-two cytotoxic quinolines (1-62) as anticancer agents with tubulin inhibitory activity. A total of 279 pharmacophore hypotheses were generated based on the survival score to build QSAR models. A six-point pharmacophore model (AAARRR.1061) was identified as the best model which consisted of three hydrogen bond acceptors (A) and three aromatic ring (R) features. The model showed a high correlation coefficient (R 2 = 0.865), cross-validation coefficient (Q 2 = 0.718), and F value (72.3). The best pharmacophore model was then validated by the Y-Randomization test and ROC-AUC analysis. The generated 3D contour maps were used to reveal the structure activity relationship of the compounds. The IBScreen database was screened against AAARRR.1061, and after calculating ADMET properties, 10 compounds were selected for further docking study. Molecular docking analysis showed that compound STOCK2S-23597 with the highest docking score (-10.948 kcal/mol) had hydrophobic interactions and can form four hydrogen bonds with active site residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salimeh Mirzaei
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Razieh Ghodsi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farzin Hadizadeh
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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9
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Espinosa-Barrera PA, Delgado-Vargas CA, Martínez-Pachón D, Moncayo-Lasso A. Using computer tools for the evaluation of biodegradability, toxicity, and activity on the AT1 receptor of degradation products identified in the removal of valsartan by using photo-electro-Fenton process. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:23984-23994. [PMID: 33405147 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11949-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This work deals with the theoretical approach of biodegradability, lipophilicity, and physiological activity of VAL and four degradation products (DPs) detected after 20 min of the photo-electro-Fenton (PEF) process. The biodegradability calculation, taking into account the change in the theoretical oxygen demand, showed that the four DPs had a more negative value than VAL, indicating that they are more susceptible to oxidation. However, these results do not imply more accessible biotransformation pathways than VAL, as observed using the EAWAG-BBD program, through which neutral biotransformation pathway prediction for VAL and DPs was made. Subsequently, by calculating the theoretical lipophilicity of the molecules (log P), the theoretical toxicity of the DPs was proposed, where the DPs had log P values between 1 and 3, lower values than those of VAL (log P = 4), indicating that DPs could be less toxic than the original compound (VAL). Both results suggest that VAL degradation (by photo-electro-Fenton process proposed) yields a positive effect on the environment. Finally, when molecular dynamic simulations were carried out, it was observed that DP1, DP2, and DP3 maintained similar interactions to those of VAL with the binding site of the AT1R. DP4 did not show any interaction. These results indicated that, despite the presence of DPs, generated after 20 min of the treatment, they could not exert a physiological activity in any organism the same way that does VAL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Andrea Espinosa-Barrera
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Biológicas y Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogota D.C., Colombia
| | - Carlos Andrés Delgado-Vargas
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Biológicas y Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogota D.C., Colombia
| | - Diana Martínez-Pachón
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Biológicas y Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogota D.C., Colombia.
| | - Alejandro Moncayo-Lasso
- Grupo de Investigación en Ciencias Biológicas y Químicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Antonio Nariño, Bogota D.C., Colombia.
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10
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Salman MM, Al-Obaidi Z, Kitchen P, Loreto A, Bill RM, Wade-Martins R. Advances in Applying Computer-Aided Drug Design for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4688. [PMID: 33925236 PMCID: PMC8124449 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Huntington's disease are incurable and affect millions of people worldwide. The development of treatments for this unmet clinical need is a major global research challenge. Computer-aided drug design (CADD) methods minimize the huge number of ligands that could be screened in biological assays, reducing the cost, time, and effort required to develop new drugs. In this review, we provide an introduction to CADD and examine the progress in applying CADD and other molecular docking studies to NDs. We provide an updated overview of potential therapeutic targets for various NDs and discuss some of the advantages and disadvantages of these tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mootaz M. Salman
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK;
- Oxford Parkinson’s Disease Centre, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Zaid Al-Obaidi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Alkafeel, Najaf 54001, Iraq;
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Kerbala, Karbala 56001, Iraq
| | - Philip Kitchen
- School of Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK; (P.K.); (R.M.B.)
| | - Andrea Loreto
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK;
- John Van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0PY, UK
| | - Roslyn M. Bill
- School of Biosciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK; (P.K.); (R.M.B.)
| | - Richard Wade-Martins
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK;
- Oxford Parkinson’s Disease Centre, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
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11
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Bian Y, Xie XQ. Generative chemistry: drug discovery with deep learning generative models. J Mol Model 2021; 27:71. [PMID: 33543405 PMCID: PMC10984615 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-021-04674-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The de novo design of molecular structures using deep learning generative models introduces an encouraging solution to drug discovery in the face of the continuously increased cost of new drug development. From the generation of original texts, images, and videos, to the scratching of novel molecular structures the creativity of deep learning generative models exhibits the height machine intelligence can achieve. The purpose of this paper is to review the latest advances in generative chemistry which relies on generative modeling to expedite the drug discovery process. This review starts with a brief history of artificial intelligence in drug discovery to outline this emerging paradigm. Commonly used chemical databases, molecular representations, and tools in cheminformatics and machine learning are covered as the infrastructure for generative chemistry. The detailed discussions on utilizing cutting-edge generative architectures, including recurrent neural network, variational autoencoder, adversarial autoencoder, and generative adversarial network for compound generation are focused. Challenges and future perspectives follow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuemin Bian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
- NIH National Center of Excellence for Computational Drug Abuse Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Xiang-Qun Xie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Computational Chemical Genomics Screening Center, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
- NIH National Center of Excellence for Computational Drug Abuse Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
- Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, 335 Sutherland Drive, 206 Salk Pavilion, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
- Departments of Computational Biology and Structural Biology, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, Pittsburgh, USA.
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12
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Yang D, Zhou Q, Labroska V, Qin S, Darbalaei S, Wu Y, Yuliantie E, Xie L, Tao H, Cheng J, Liu Q, Zhao S, Shui W, Jiang Y, Wang MW. G protein-coupled receptors: structure- and function-based drug discovery. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2021; 6:7. [PMID: 33414387 PMCID: PMC7790836 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-020-00435-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
As one of the most successful therapeutic target families, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have experienced a transformation from random ligand screening to knowledge-driven drug design. We are eye-witnessing tremendous progresses made recently in the understanding of their structure-function relationships that facilitated drug development at an unprecedented pace. This article intends to provide a comprehensive overview of this important field to a broader readership that shares some common interests in drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehua Yang
- The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China.,The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingtong Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Viktorija Labroska
- The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Qin
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Sanaz Darbalaei
- The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Yiran Wu
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Elita Yuliantie
- The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
| | - Linshan Xie
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Houchao Tao
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianjun Cheng
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Liu
- The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China.,The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China
| | - Suwen Zhao
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenqing Shui
- iHuman Institute, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China. .,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yi Jiang
- The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ming-Wei Wang
- The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China. .,The CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 201203, Shanghai, China. .,School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China. .,School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China. .,School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, 201203, Shanghai, China.
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Wu M, Han J, Liu Z, Zhang Y, Huang C, Li J, Li Z. Identification of novel CDK 9 inhibitors based on virtual screening, molecular dynamics simulation, and biological evaluation. Life Sci 2020; 258:118228. [PMID: 32781071 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) is a member of the CDK subfamily and plays a major role in the regulation of transcriptional elongation. It has attracted widespread attention as a therapeutic target for cancer. Here, we aimed to explore novel CDK 9 inhibitors by using a hybrid virtual screening strategy. MAIN METHODS A hybrid virtual screening strategy was constructed with computer-aided drug design (CADD). First, compounds were filtered in accordance with Lipinski's rule of five and adsorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) properties. Second, a 3D-QSAR pharmacophore model was built and used as a 3D query to screen the obtained hit compounds. Third, the hit compounds were subjected to molecular docking studies. Fourth, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed on CDK9 in complex with the final hits to examine the structural stability. Finally, CDK9 kinase biochemical assay was performed to identify the biological activity of the hit compounds. KEY FINDINGS Seven hit compounds were screened out. These hit compounds showed drug-like properties in accordance with Lipinski's rule of five and ADMET. Complexes involving the six hit compounds bound to CDK9 exhibited good structural stability in the MD simulation. Furthermore, these six hit compounds had strong inhibitory activity against CDK9 kinase. In particular, hit 3 showed the most promising activity with the percentage of 71%. SIGNIFICANCE The six hit compounds may be promising novel CDK9 inhibitors, and the hybrid virtual screening strategy designed in this study provides an important reference for the design and synthesis of novel CDK9 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfei Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, The key laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jianfei Han
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, The key laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Zhicheng Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, The key laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Yilong Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, The key laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, The key laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jun Li
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, The key laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Zeng Li
- The Key Laboratory of Major Autoimmune Diseases, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, The key laboratory of Anti-inflammatory and Immune Medicines, Ministry of Education, Hefei 230032, China.
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14
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A Taxicab geometry quantification system to evaluate the performance of in silico methods: a case study on adenosine receptors ligands. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2020; 34:697-707. [PMID: 32112287 PMCID: PMC7190583 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-020-00301-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Among still comparatively few G protein-coupled receptors, the adenosine A2A receptor has been co-crystallized with several ligands, agonists as well as antagonists. It can thus serve as a template with a well-described orthosteric ligand binding region for adenosine receptors. As not all subtypes have been crystallized yet, and in order to investigate the usability of homology models in this context, multiple adenosine A1 receptor (A1AR) homology models had been previously obtained and a library of lead-like compounds had been docked. As a result, a number of potent and one selective ligand toward the intended target have been identified. However, in in vitro experimental verification studies, many ligands also bound to the A2AAR and the A3AR subtypes. In this work we asked the question whether a classification of the ligands according to their selectivity was possible based on docking scores. Therefore, we built an A3AR homology model and docked all previously found ligands to all three receptor subtypes. As a metric, we employed an in vitro/in silico selectivity ranking system based on taxicab geometry and obtained a classification model with reasonable separation. In the next step, the method was validated with an external library of, selective ligands with similarly good performance. This classification system might also be useful in further screens.
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15
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Jackson SJ, Authier S, Brohmann H, Goody SM, Jones D, Prior H, Rosch A, Traebert M, Tse K, Valentin JP, Milne A. Neurofunctional test batteries in safety pharmacology – Current and emerging considerations for the drug development process. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2019; 100:106602. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2019.106602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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16
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Al-Attraqchi OH, Attimarad M, Venugopala KN, Nair A, Al-Attraqchi NH. Adenosine A2A Receptor as a Potential Drug Target - Current Status and Future Perspectives. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:2716-2740. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190716113444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine receptors (ARs) are a class of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) that are activated by
the endogenous substance adenosine. ARs are classified into 4 subtype receptors, namely, the A1, A2A, A2B and A3
receptors. The wide distribution and expression of the ARs in various body tissues as well as the roles they have
in controlling different functions in the body make them potential drug targets for the treatment of various pathological
conditions, such as cardiac diseases, cancer, Parkinson’s disease, inflammation and glaucoma. Therefore,
in the past decades, there have been extensive investigations of ARs with a high number of agonists and antagonists
identified that can interact with these receptors. This review shall discuss the A2A receptor (A2AAR) subtype
of the ARs. The structure, properties and the recent advances in the therapeutic potential of the receptor are discussed
with an overview of the recent advances in the methods of studying the receptor. Also, molecular modeling
approaches utilized in the design of A2AAR ligands are highlighted with various recent examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar H.A. Al-Attraqchi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University-Jordan, P.O BOX (1), Philadelphia University-19392, Amman, Jordan
| | - Mahesh Attimarad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Katharigatta N. Venugopala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anroop Nair
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
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Jia Y, Ma Y, Cheng G, Zhang Y, Cai S. Comparative Study of Dietary Flavonoids with Different Structures as α-Glucosidase Inhibitors and Insulin Sensitizers. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:10521-10533. [PMID: 31461284 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This work was designed to comparatively investigate 27 dietary flavonoids that act as α-glucosidase inhibitors and insulin sensitizers. On the basis of the results of an in vitro experiment of α-glucosidase inhibition, myricetin (IC50 = 11.63 ± 0.36 μM) possessed the strongest inhibitory effect, followed by apigenin-7-O-glucoside (IC50 = 22.80 ± 0.24 μM) and fisetin (IC50 = 46.39 ± 0.34 μM). A three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship model of α-glucosidase inhibitors with good predictive capability [comparative molecular field analysis, q2 = 0.529, optimum number of components (ONC) = 10, R2 = 0.996, F = 250.843, standard error of estimation (SEE) = 0.064, and two descriptors; comparative similarity index analysis, q2 = 0.515, ONC = 10, R2 = 0.997, F = 348.301, SEE = 0.054, and four descriptors] was established and indicated that meta positions of ring B favored bulky and minor, electron-withdrawing, and hydrogen bond donor groups. The presence of electron-donating and hydrogen bond acceptor groups at position 4' of ring B could improve α-glucosidase activity. Position 3 of ring C favored minor, electron-donating, and hydrogen bond donor groups, whereas position 7 of ring A favored bulky and hydrogen bond acceptor groups. Molecular docking screened five flavonoids (baicalein, isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside, apigenin-7-O-glucoside, kaempferol-7-O-β-glucoside, and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside) that can act as insulin sensitizers and form strong combinations with four key protein targets involved in the insulin signaling pathway. Apigenin-7-O-glucoside (60 μM) can effectively improve insulin resistance, and glucose uptake increased by approximately 73.06% relative to the model group of insulin-resistant HepG2 cells. Therefore, apigenin-7-O-glucoside might serve as the most effective α-glucosidase inhibitor and insulin sensitizer. This work may guide diabetes patients to improve their condition through dietary therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijia Jia
- Yunnan Institute of Food Safety , Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming , Yunnan 650500 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yanli Ma
- College of Food Science and Technology , Hebei Agricultural University , Baoding , Hebei 071001 , People's Republic of China
| | - Guiguang Cheng
- Yunnan Institute of Food Safety , Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming , Yunnan 650500 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyue Zhang
- Yunnan Institute of Food Safety , Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming , Yunnan 650500 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shengbao Cai
- Yunnan Institute of Food Safety , Kunming University of Science and Technology , Kunming , Yunnan 650500 , People's Republic of China
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Selected Literature Watch. J Caffeine Adenosine Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1089/caff.2019.29010.slw] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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