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Ammerman BA, O'Brien C, Park Y, Jacobucci R. Momentary Associations Between Positive Coping and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury Risk Among Individuals With Problematic Alcohol Use. CRISIS 2024. [PMID: 39252530 DOI: 10.1027/0227-5910/a000971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2024]
Abstract
Background: The use of positive coping skills has demonstrated protective effects with regard to Nonsuicidal Self-Injury (NSSI) engagement; however, cross-sectional evidence suggests that the presence of comorbid conditions, such as alcohol use disorders, may negate these benefits. Aims: The current study leverages ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to examine the between-person and within-person relationships between positive coping strategies and NSSI risk among individuals with problematic alcohol use. Method: Undergraduate students (n = 56) completed a 21-day EMA protocol, in which they completed four surveys per day asking about their use of several positive coping strategies and NSSI risk. Results: Socializing was the only coping strategy to demonstrate a protective effect on NSSI risk. Alternatively, the coping strategies of finding perspective, positive thinking, and sitting with feelings until they pass all increased risk for NSSI. Limitations: The current study was underpowered to disentangle relationships with urges to engage in NSSI and NSSI behaviors. Conclusion: The results suggest that using coping skills that may present physical barriers to engaging in NSSI may be effective for reducing momentary NSSI risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Connor O'Brien
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Yeonsoo Park
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Ross Jacobucci
- Department of Psychology, University of Notre Dame, IN, USA
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2
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Mandlik GV, Siopis G, Nguyen B, Ding D, Edwards KM. Effect of a single session of yoga and meditation on stress reactivity: A systematic review. Stress Health 2024; 40:e3324. [PMID: 37822096 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review synthesises the evidence for the effectiveness of a single session of yoga or its components including meditation and breathing techniques in reducing acute stress reactivity in healthy adults. Following the PRISMA guidelines, we searched Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane, CINAHL, and PsycINFO on 30th July 2023 for randomised controlled or crossover trials of yoga components and reporting physiological and/or psychological outcome measure(s) related to stress reactivity. Risk of bias (ROB) was assessed using the Cochrane ROB 2 tool. Data were synthesised narratively. Twenty-one out of 28 eligible studies (n = 2574) relating to 31 interventions (meditation [n = 22], breathing [n = 4] and yoga [n = 5]) reported outcomes in favour of the intervention. Stress reactivity was reported to be reduced by 71% of studies measuring physiological outcomes and 65% of studies measuring psychological outcomes. These studies show that a single session of yoga components is effective in reducing acute stress reactivity in adults and could be recommended for stress management. Future studies with larger populations and a more equal representation of genders and age groups are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gandhar V Mandlik
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - George Siopis
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Binh Nguyen
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ding Ding
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kate M Edwards
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
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Ashton SM, Smeets T, Quaedflieg CW. Controlling intrusive thoughts of future fears under stress. Neurobiol Stress 2023; 27:100582. [PMID: 38025283 PMCID: PMC10656271 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2023.100582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Negative outlooks of our future may foster unwanted and intrusive thoughts. To some extent, individuals have control over their ability to suppress intrusions and downregulate their frequency. Acute stress impairs intentional suppression, leading to an increased frequency of intrusions. The aim of this study was to gain insight into the mechanism underlying stress-induced impairments in intentional suppression of intrusions by investigating the combined and independent roles of the two major stress hormones, noradrenaline and cortisol. Healthy participants (N = 181) were administered propranolol (to block the noradrenergic response), metyrapone (to block the cortisol response), or a placebo before being exposed to the Maastricht Acute Stress Test. Intrusive thoughts of autobiographical future fears were then measured via the Imagine/No-Imagine task. Results demonstrated that the stress response was successfully altered because of the drug and stress manipulations. In all groups, repeated suppression of future fears reduced intrusions. Across the sample, an enhanced decrease over time was associated with greater attenuation of anxiety towards the related fears. The groups did not differ in the total frequency of intrusions. Though, trait anxiety increased the total number of intrusions. Our findings show that stress hormones did not influence the ability to suppress intrusions. However, our results do add support to previous research linking anxiety to memory control deficits. When using autobiographical content, future research should focus on the quality and characteristics of the individual memories to explain more of the variation observed in intentional memory control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M. Ashton
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Tom Smeets
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Center of Research on Psychological Disorders and Somatic Diseases (CoRPS), Tilburg University, the Netherlands
| | - Conny W.E.M. Quaedflieg
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
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Diniz G, Korkes L, Tristão LS, Pelegrini R, Bellodi PL, Bernardo WM. The effects of gratitude interventions: a systematic review and meta-analysis. EINSTEIN-SAO PAULO 2023; 21:eRW0371. [PMID: 37585888 PMCID: PMC10393216 DOI: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2023rw0371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gratitude has several implications. Over time, a logical relationship has been established between gratitude and well-being. In addition, researchers aimed to establish associations between gratitude and other factors of positive feelings using scientific methods. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of interventions to develop gratitude and its benefits to human beings. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate and quantify the available scientific evidence on interventions to acquire knowledge on gratitude as a quantifiable causal factor of benefit to human beings. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted to identify studies that investigated the effects of gratitude interventions. MEDLINE, Embase, and Central Cochrane databases were searched in addition to gray (Google Scholar) and manual search. Two authors independently evaluated the titles and abstracts, and selected the studies that met the inclusion criteria. The searches were conducted between January and July 2022. RESULTS Sixty-four randomized clinical trials were included. The meta-analysis demonstrated that patients who underwent gratitude interventions experienced greater feelings of gratitude, better mental health, and fewer symptoms of anxiety and depression. Moreover, they experienced other benefits such as a more positive mood and emotions. CONCLUSION The results demonstrate that acts of gratitude can be used as a therapeutic complement for treating anxiety and depression and can increase positive feelings and emotions in the general population. Prospero database registration: (www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero) under the number CRD42021250799.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geyze Diniz
- PlenaeSão PauloSPBrazilPlenae, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ligia Korkes
- PlenaeSão PauloSPBrazilPlenae, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Luca Schiliró Tristão
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de SantosSantosSPBrazil Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Santos, Santos, SP, Brazil.
| | | | - Patrícia Lacerda Bellodi
- Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloSPBrazil Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Wanderley Marques Bernardo
- Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade de São PauloSão PauloSPBrazil Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Hirshberg MJ, Colaianne BA, Greenberg MT, Inkelas KK, Davidson RJ, Germano D, Dunne JD, Roeser RW. Can the Academic and Experiential Study of Flourishing Improve Flourishing in College Students? A Multi-University Study. Mindfulness (N Y) 2022; 13:2243-2256. [PMID: 36405632 PMCID: PMC9667904 DOI: 10.1007/s12671-022-01952-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Significant concerns have been raised about the "mental health crisis" on college campuses, with attention turning to what colleges can do beyond counseling services to address students' mental health and well-being. We examined whether primarily first-year (89.1%) undergraduate students (n=651) who enrolled in the Art and Science of Human Flourishing (ASHF), a novel academic and experiential for-credit elective course on human flourishing, would demonstrate improved mental health and strengthen skills, perspectives, and behaviors associated with flourishing relative to students who did not enroll in this course. Methods In a two-wave, multi-site, propensity-score matched controlled trial (ASHF n=217, Control n=434; N=651), we used hierarchal linear models and false discovery rate corrected doubly robust estimates to evaluate the impact of the ASHF on attention and social-emotional skill development, flourishing perspectives, mental health, health, and risk behavior outcomes. Results ASHF participants reported significantly improved mental health (i.e., reduced depression) and flourishing, improvements on multiple attention and social-emotional skills (e.g., attention function, self-compassion), and increases in prosocial attitudes (empathic concern, shared humanity; Cohen's ds= 0.18-0.46) compared to controls. There was no evidence for ASHF course impacts on health or risk behaviors, raising the possibility that these outcomes take more time to change. Conclusions This research provides initial evidence that the ASHF course may be a promising curricular approach to reduce and potentially prevent poor mental health while promoting flourishing in college students. Continued research is needed to confirm these conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Hirshberg
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 625 W. Washington Ave., Madison, Wisconsin USA 53703
| | - Blake A. Colaianne
- The Pennsylvania State University, Human Development and Family Studies, HHD Building, University Park, Pennsylvania USA 16801
| | - Mark T. Greenberg
- The Pennsylvania State University, Human Development and Family Studies, HHD Building, University Park, Pennsylvania USA 16801
| | - Karen Kurotsuchi Inkelas
- University of Virginia, School of Education and Human Development, 405 Emmet St S, Charlottesville, Virginia USA 22904
- Contemplative Science Center, University of Virginia, 102 Cresap Rd, Charlottesville, Virginia USA 22903
| | - Richard J. Davidson
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 625 W. Washington Ave., Madison, Wisconsin USA 53703
| | - David Germano
- Contemplative Science Center, University of Virginia, 102 Cresap Rd, Charlottesville, Virginia USA 22903
| | - John D. Dunne
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin–Madison, 625 W. Washington Ave., Madison, Wisconsin USA 53703
| | - Robert W. Roeser
- The Pennsylvania State University, Human Development and Family Studies, HHD Building, University Park, Pennsylvania USA 16801
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Ketay S, Beck LA, Dajci J. Self-compassion and social stress: Links with subjective stress and cortisol responses. SELF AND IDENTITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2022.2117733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Ketay
- Department of Psychology, University of Hartford, West Hartford, CT, USA
| | - Lindsey A. Beck
- Marlboro Institute for Liberal Arts & Interdisciplinary Studies, Emerson College, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Juli Dajci
- Department of Psychology, University of Hartford, West Hartford, CT, USA
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Jones P. Mindfulness and Nondual Well-Being – What is the Evidence that We Can Stay Happy? REVIEW OF GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/10892680221093013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Research into subjective well-being (SWB) focuses on conducive life conditions, healthy cognitive-affective processes and adaptive behaviours, however, in this model, well-being fluctuates based on changing mental and physical phenomena. This inquiry explores the possibility that we can have a nondual experience of well-being that is unaffected by such movements and investigates if the literature supports this. The assertion in traditional mindfulness that the sense of self is constructed and responsible for such fluctuations is explored, along with what evidence there is that mindfulness practices deliver relevant cognitive and behavioural correlates associated with such a way of being. Proposed preconditions include (a) nondual awareness or the perception of no-self; (b) increased positive affect, decreased negative affect, and increased self-lessness; (c) increased capacity to maintain (or protect) well-being including heightened emotional self-regulation and resilience to aversive stimuli. Research findings provide some evidence that the sense of self can be both constructed and deconstructed, and that mindfulness training may target psychological dimensions that could contribute to an experience of well-being that transcends the impact of life conditions. Recommendations are made for a collaborative relationship between SWB research and mindfulness to expand the inquiry into possible causes and conditions of ‘nondual well-being’.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Jones
- College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education (SHEE), Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
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Hirshberg MJ, Flook L, Moss EE, Enright RD, Davidson RJ. Integrating mindfulness and connection practices into preservice teacher education results in durable automatic race bias reductions. J Sch Psychol 2022; 91:50-64. [PMID: 35190079 PMCID: PMC8900452 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsp.2021.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Automatic race bias, which is the tendency to associate positive attributes more quickly with White as compared to Black faces, reflects enculturation processes linked to inequitable teaching behaviors. In sample of undergraduate preservice teachers (N = 88), we examined whether a novel mindfulness and connection practice intervention without anti-bias content incorporated into undergraduate teacher education would result in reduced automatic race bias favoring White faces. Random assignment to the intervention predicted significantly reduced race preference for White child faces immediately after the intervention. These significant reductions persisted at the 6-month follow-up, which are the most durable reductions in automatic race bias reported to date in adults. Data from semi-structured interviews indicated that the intervention enhanced self-awareness and self-regulation while reducing automatic responding among preservice teachers. These qualities are instrumental to adaptive teaching and putative mechanisms for reducing automatic race bias. The potential value of integrating mindfulness and connection practices into undergraduate preservice teacher education is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Hirshberg
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA; Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA.
| | - Lisa Flook
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA
| | - Evan E Moss
- Department of Curriculum and Instruction, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA
| | - Robert D Enright
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA
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Gip H, The Khoa D, Guchait P, Fernando Garcia R, Pasamehmetoglu A. Employee mindfulness and creativity: when emotions and national culture matter. SERVICE INDUSTRIES JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/02642069.2022.2037570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huy Gip
- Conrad N. Hilton College of Hotel and Restaurant Management, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Do The Khoa
- Conrad N. Hilton College of Hotel and Restaurant Management, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Institute of Service Science, College of Technology Management, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Priyanko Guchait
- Conrad N. Hilton College of Hotel and Restaurant Management, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Aysin Pasamehmetoglu
- School of Applied Sciences, Hotel Management Program, Ozyegin University, Istanbul, Turkey
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10
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Pragya SU, Mehta ND, Abomoelak B, Uddin P, Veeramachaneni P, Mehta N, Moore S, Jean-Francois M, Garcia S, Pragya SC, Mehta DI. Effects of Combining Meditation Techniques on Short-Term Memory, Attention, and Affect in Healthy College Students. Front Psychol 2021; 12:607573. [PMID: 33746830 PMCID: PMC7973112 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.607573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Meditation refers to a family of self-regulation practices that focuses on training attention and awareness to foster psycho-emotional well-being and to develop specific capacities such as calmness, clarity, and concentration. We report a prospective convenience-controlled study in which we analyzed the effect of two components of Preksha Dhyāna – buzzing bee sound meditation (Mahapran dhvani) and color meditation (leśyā dhyāna) on healthy college students. Mahapran and leśya dhyāna are two Preksha Dhyāna practices that are based on sound and green color, respectively. The study population represents a suitable target as college students experience different stress factors during the school year. This study measures the individual and combined effects of two techniques (one focusing on sound and one focusing on color), on short-term memory, attention, and affect, in novice meditators. We used a battery of cognitive, performance, and compared results with baseline and control values. We found improved cognition, especially attention, short-term memory, and affect in terms of positivity and reduced negativity. Overall, the two techniques produced variable benefits and subjects showed improved scores over baseline for short-term memory, cognitive function, and overall wellbeing. Further studies are required to understand underlying mechanisms for the observed differences between the two techniques and to elucidate mechanisms underlying the more pronounced and global benefits observed with the combined techniques. These results underscore a need to examine individual components of meditation practices in order to individualize treatment approaches for attention disorders in young adults. Clinical Trail Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03779269.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samani Unnata Pragya
- Department of Religions and Philosophies, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Neelam D Mehta
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Bassam Abomoelak
- Gastrointestinal Translational Laboratory, Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Parvin Uddin
- College of Arts, Sciences and Education, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | | | - Naina Mehta
- Gastrointestinal Translational Laboratory, Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Stephanie Moore
- Department of Biostatistics, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Melissa Jean-Francois
- Department of Biostatistics, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Stephanie Garcia
- Department of Biostatistics, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States
| | | | - Devendra I Mehta
- Gastrointestinal Translational Laboratory, Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children, Orlando, FL, United States
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Goldberg SB, Flook L, Hirshberg MJ, Davidson RJ, Schaefer SM. Brief breath awareness training yields poorer working memory performance in the context of acute stress. Cogn Emot 2021; 35:1009-1017. [PMID: 33509056 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2021.1878113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Mindfulness-based interventions that span multiple sessions over time appear to confer psychological benefits. However, the effects of brief periods of mindfulness meditation training are less clear, particularly on measures of cognitive functioning. This study assessed whether brief mindfulness practice (breath awareness) or training in two other contemplative practices - loving-kindness and gratitude - differentially impact working memory performance following acute physiological stress relative to an attentional control. Participants (n = 162) were randomly assigned to one of four training groups and completed the automated Operation Span (OSPAN) task pre-training and again after undergoing the cold pressor task. Three of the four groups improved in OSPAN performance, with loving-kindness, gratitude, and attentional control conditions showing increases in OSPAN relative to breath awareness. Changes in OSPAN were not correlated with changes in positive or negative affect. It appears that brief breath awareness training may not effectively buffer against acute stress in this predominantly meditation naïve sample and may in fact impair subsequent cognitive performance relative to a control or other contemplative practices. A granular approach is warranted to understand potentially distinct and contextually variable effects of different contemplative practices. Implications are discussed in light of the stress buffering hypothesis and Monitor and Acceptance Theory.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02214264.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon B Goldberg
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Counseling Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Lisa Flook
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Richard J Davidson
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Stacey M Schaefer
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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Mindfulness Passes the Stress Test: Attenuation of Behavioral Markers of Mind Wandering During Acute Stress. JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE ENHANCEMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s41465-020-00193-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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13
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State, but not trait gratitude is associated with cardiovascular responses to acute psychological stress. Physiol Behav 2020; 221:112896. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2020.112896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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