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Xu X, Jin W, Chang R, Ding X. Research progress of SREBP and its role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune rheumatic diseases. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1398921. [PMID: 39224584 PMCID: PMC11366632 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1398921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune rheumatic diseases comprise a group of immune-related disorders characterized by non-organ-specific inflammation. These diseases include systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), gout, among others. Typically involving the hematologic system, these diseases may also affect multiple organs and systems. The pathogenesis of autoimmune rheumatic immune diseases is complex, with diverse etiologies, all associated with immune dysfunction. The current treatment options for this type of disease are relatively limited and come with certain side effects. Therefore, the urgent challenge remains to identify novel therapeutic targets for these diseases. Sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBPs) are basic helix-loop-helix-leucine zipper transcription factors that regulate the expression of genes involved in lipid and cholesterol biosynthesis. The expression and transcriptional activity of SREBPs can be modulated by extracellular stimuli such as polyunsaturated fatty acids, amino acids, glucose, and energy pathways including AKT-mTORC and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Studies have shown that SREBPs play roles in regulating lipid metabolism, cytokine production, inflammation, and the proliferation of germinal center B (GCB) cells. These functions are significant in the pathogenesis of rheumatic and immune diseases (Graphical abstract). Therefore, this paper reviews the potential mechanisms of SREBPs in the development of SLE, RA, and gout, based on an exploration of their functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xinghong Ding
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Rheumatology of Zhejiang Province, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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2
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Sircana MC, Erre GL, Castagna F, Manetti R. Crosstalk between Inflammation and Atherosclerosis in Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Is There a Common Basis? Life (Basel) 2024; 14:716. [PMID: 38929699 PMCID: PMC11204900 DOI: 10.3390/life14060716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Traditional cardiovascular risk factors, although present in lupus and rheumatoid arthritis, do not explain such a high burden of early cardiovascular disease in the context of these systemic connective tissue diseases. Over the past few years, our understanding of the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis has changed from it being a lipid-centric to an inflammation-centric process. In this review, we examine the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis, the two most common systemic connective tissue diseases, and consider them as emblematic models of the effect of chronic inflammation on the human body. We explore the roles of the inflammasome, cells of the innate and acquired immune system, neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes, chemokines and soluble pro-inflammatory cytokines in rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, and the roles of certain autoantigens and autoantibodies, such as oxidized low-density lipoprotein and beta2-glycoprotein, which may play a pathogenetic role in atherosclerosis progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Roberto Manetti
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Pharmacology, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (G.L.E.); (F.C.)
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3
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Xiao ZX, Liang R, Olsen N, Zheng SG. Roles of IRF4 in various immune cells in systemic lupus erythematosus. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 133:112077. [PMID: 38615379 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) is a member of IRF family of transcription factors which mainly regulates the transcription of IFN. IRF4 is restrictively expressed in immune cells such as T and B cells, macrophages, as well as DC. It is essential for the development and function of these cells. Since these cells take part in the homeostasis of the immune system and dysfunction of them contributes to the initiation and progress of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the roles of IRF4 in the SLE development becomes an important topic. Here we systemically discuss the biological characteristics of IRF4 in various immune cells and analyze the pathologic effects of IRF4 alteration in SLE and the potential targeting therapeutics of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Xiu Xiao
- Department of Immunology, the School of Cell and Gene Therapy, Songjiang Research Institute and Songjiang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201600, China; Department of Clinical Immunology, the Third Affiliated Hospital at the Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Rongzhen Liang
- Department of Immunology, the School of Cell and Gene Therapy, Songjiang Research Institute and Songjiang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201600, China
| | - Nancy Olsen
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, United States
| | - Song Guo Zheng
- Department of Immunology, the School of Cell and Gene Therapy, Songjiang Research Institute and Songjiang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 201600, China.
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4
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Dong K, Wu XN, Liu YQ, Yang L, Liu C, Wang HP, Gao ZW. The roles of adenosine signaling in systemic lupus erythematosus. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29848. [PMID: 38699049 PMCID: PMC11064148 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disease with multiple etiological factors. Immune disorder contributes to SLE development and is an important clinical manifestation of SLE patients. Immune dysfunction is characterized by abnormal of B cells, T cells, monocyte-macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs), in both quantity and quality. Adenosine is a critical factor for human immune homeostasis, which acts as an immunosuppressive signal and can prevent the hyperactivity of human immune system. Adenosine levels are significant decreased in serum from SLE patients. Adenosine level is regulated by the CD39, CD73 and adenosine deaminase (ADA). CD39/CD73/ADA catalyzed the cascade enzymatic reaction, which contained the adenosine generation and degradation. Adenosine affects the function of various immune cells via bind to the adenosine receptors, which are expressed on the cell surface. This review aims to export the changes of immune cells and adenosine signal pathway in SLE, as well as the effect of adenosine signal pathway in SLE development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Dong
- Department of Clinical Diagnose, Tangdu Hospital, Airforce Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi Province, China
| | - Xia-nan Wu
- Department of Clinical Diagnose, Tangdu Hospital, Airforce Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi Province, China
| | - Ying-qi Liu
- No. 4 Company, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi Province, China
| | - Lan Yang
- Department of Clinical Diagnose, Tangdu Hospital, Airforce Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi Province, China
| | - Chong Liu
- Department of Clinical Diagnose, Tangdu Hospital, Airforce Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi Province, China
| | - Hui-ping Wang
- Department of Clinical Diagnose, Tangdu Hospital, Airforce Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi Province, China
| | - Zhao-wei Gao
- Department of Clinical Diagnose, Tangdu Hospital, Airforce Medical University, Xi'an, Shannxi Province, China
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5
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Kerns S, Owen KA, Schwalbe D, Grammer AC, Lipsky PE. Examination of the shared genetic architecture between multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus facilitates discovery of novel lupus risk loci. Hum Genet 2024; 143:703-719. [PMID: 38609570 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-024-02672-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with heterogeneous manifestations, including neurological and psychiatric symptoms. Genetic association studies in SLE have been hampered by insufficient sample size and limited power compared to many other diseases. Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic relapsing autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that also manifests neurological and immunological features. Here, we identify a method of leveraging large-scale genome wide association studies (GWAS) in MS to identify novel genetic risk loci in SLE. Statistical genetic comparison methods including linkage disequilibrium score regression (LDSC) and cross-phenotype association analysis (CPASSOC) to identify genetic overlap in disease pathophysiology, traditional 2-sample and novel PPI-based mendelian randomization to identify causal associations and Bayesian colocalization were applied to association studies conducted in MS to facilitate discovery in the smaller, more limited datasets available for SLE. Pathway analysis using SNP-to-gene mapping identified biological networks composed of molecular pathways with causal implications for CNS disease in SLE specifically, as well as pathways likely causal of both pathologies, providing key insights for therapeutic selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Kerns
- AMPEL BioSolutions, LLC, Charlottesville, VA, 22902, USA.
- The RILITE Research Institute, Charlottesville, VA, 22902, USA.
| | - Katherine A Owen
- AMPEL BioSolutions, LLC, Charlottesville, VA, 22902, USA
- The RILITE Research Institute, Charlottesville, VA, 22902, USA
| | - Dana Schwalbe
- AMPEL BioSolutions, LLC, Charlottesville, VA, 22902, USA
- The RILITE Research Institute, Charlottesville, VA, 22902, USA
| | - Amrie C Grammer
- AMPEL BioSolutions, LLC, Charlottesville, VA, 22902, USA
- The RILITE Research Institute, Charlottesville, VA, 22902, USA
| | - Peter E Lipsky
- AMPEL BioSolutions, LLC, Charlottesville, VA, 22902, USA
- The RILITE Research Institute, Charlottesville, VA, 22902, USA
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6
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Zhan K, Buhler KA, Chen IY, Fritzler MJ, Choi MY. Systemic lupus in the era of machine learning medicine. Lupus Sci Med 2024; 11:e001140. [PMID: 38443092 PMCID: PMC11146397 DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2023-001140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Artificial intelligence and machine learning applications are emerging as transformative technologies in medicine. With greater access to a diverse range of big datasets, researchers are turning to these powerful techniques for data analysis. Machine learning can reveal patterns and interactions between variables in large and complex datasets more accurately and efficiently than traditional statistical methods. Machine learning approaches open new possibilities for studying SLE, a multifactorial, highly heterogeneous and complex disease. Here, we discuss how machine learning methods are rapidly being integrated into the field of SLE research. Recent reports have focused on building prediction models and/or identifying novel biomarkers using both supervised and unsupervised techniques for understanding disease pathogenesis, early diagnosis and prognosis of disease. In this review, we will provide an overview of machine learning techniques to discuss current gaps, challenges and opportunities for SLE studies. External validation of most prediction models is still needed before clinical adoption. Utilisation of deep learning models, access to alternative sources of health data and increased awareness of the ethics, governance and regulations surrounding the use of artificial intelligence in medicine will help propel this exciting field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Zhan
- University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Katherine A Buhler
- University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Irene Y Chen
- Computational Precision Health, University of California Berkeley and University of California San Francisco, Berkeley, California, USA
- Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Marvin J Fritzler
- University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - May Y Choi
- University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- McCaig Institute for Bone and Joint Health, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Javanmardi Z, Mahmoudi M, Rafatpanah H, Rezaieyazdi Z, Shapouri-Moghaddam A, Ahmadi P, Mollazadeh S, Tabasi NS, Esmaeili SA. Tolerogenic probiotics Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Lactobacillus rhamnosus promote anti-inflammatory profile of macrophages-derived monocytes of newly diagnosed patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e3981. [PMID: 38509733 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is known as an autoimmune disorder that is characterized by the breakdown of self-tolerance, resulting in disease onset and progression. Macrophages have been implicated as a factor in the development of SLE through faulty phagocytosis of dead cells or an imbalanced M1/M2 ratio. The study aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of Lactobacillus delbrueckii and Lactobacillus rhamnosus on M1 and M2 macrophages in new case lupus patients. For this purpose, blood monocytes were collected from lupus patients and healthy people and were cultured for 5 days to produce macrophages. For 48 h, the macrophages were then cocultured with either probiotics or lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Flow cytometry and real-time polymerase chain reaction were then used to analyze the expression of cluster of differentiation (CD) 14, CD80, and human leukocyte antigen - DR (HLADR) markers, as well as cytokine expression (interleukin [IL]1-β, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor α [TNF-α], IL-10, and transforming growth factor beta [TGF-β]). The results indicated three distinct macrophage populations, M0, M1, and M2. In both control and patient-derived macrophage-derived monocytes (MDMs), the probiotic groups showed a decrease in CD14, CD80, and HLADR expression compared to the LPS group. This decrease was particularly evident in M0 and M2 macrophages from lupus patients and M1 macrophages from healthy subjects. In addition, the probiotic groups showed increased levels of IL-10 and TGF-β and decreased levels of IL-12, IL1-β, and TNF-α in MDMs from both healthy and lupus subjects compared to the LPS groups. Although there was a higher expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in lupus patients, there was a higher expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines in healthy subjects. In general, L. delbrueckii and L. rhamnosus could induce anti-inflammatory effects on MDMs from both healthy and lupus subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Javanmardi
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Mahmoudi
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Houshang Rafatpanah
- Immunology Research Centre, Division of Inflammation and Inflammatory Diseases, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Zahra Rezaieyazdi
- Rheumatic Diseases Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | | | - Parisa Ahmadi
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Samaneh Mollazadeh
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Nafiseh Sadat Tabasi
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed-Alireza Esmaeili
- Immunology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Immunology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Xia T, Fu S, Yang R, Yang K, Lei W, Yang Y, Zhang Q, Zhao Y, Yu J, Yu L, Zhang T. Advances in the study of macrophage polarization in inflammatory immune skin diseases. J Inflamm (Lond) 2023; 20:33. [PMID: 37828492 PMCID: PMC10568804 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-023-00360-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
When exposed to various microenvironmental stimuli, macrophages are highly plastic and primarily polarized into the pro-inflammatory M1-type and the anti-inflammatory M2-type, both of which perform almost entirely opposing functions. Due to this characteristic, macrophages perform different functions at different stages of immunity and inflammation. Inflammatory immune skin diseases usually show an imbalance in the M1/M2 macrophage ratio, and altering the macrophage polarization phenotype can either make the symptoms worse or better. Therefore, this review presents the mechanisms of macrophage polarization, inflammation-related signaling pathways (JAK/STAT, NF-κB, and PI3K/Akt), and the role of both in inflammatory immune skin diseases (psoriasis, AD, SLE, BD, etc.) to provide new directions for basic and clinical research of related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Xia
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Shengping Fu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Ruilin Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Kang Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Wei Lei
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Yujie Zhao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Jiang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Limei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Engineering of Guizhou Province, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.
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Yildirim D, Baykul M, Edek YC, Gulengul M, Alp GT, Eroglu FS, Adisen E, Kucuk H, Erden A, Goker B, Nas K, Ozturk MA. Could serum HMGB1 levels be a predictor associated with psoriatic arthritis? Biomark Med 2023; 17:871-880. [PMID: 38117143 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2023-0490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/aim: Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune disease that predominantly affects the skin and musculoskeletal system. We hypothesized that HMGB1, an inflammatory nuclear protein, may play a role in the musculoskeletal involvement of psoriasis. Methods: Forty patients with psoriasis and 45 with psoriatic arthritis were involved in the study; the results were compared with 22 healthy controls. Serum HMGB1 levels were evaluated from peripheral blood samples. Results: Serum HMGB1 levels were found to be significantly higher in patients with psoriasis regardless of joint involvement (p < 0.001). Also, HMGB1 levels were correlated with the extent of psoriasis. Conclusion: Serum HMGB1 levels may contribute to the progression of psoriasis to psoriatic arthritis and correlate with the severity of skin involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derya Yildirim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, 06460, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Merve Baykul
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, 54100, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Yusuf C Edek
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, 06460, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Gulengul
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, 06460, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gizem T Alp
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, 06460, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Fatma S Eroglu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, 06460, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Esra Adisen
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, 06460, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hamit Kucuk
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, 06460, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Abdulsamet Erden
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, 06460, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Berna Goker
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, 06460, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kemal Nas
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Sakarya University, 54100, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Mehmet A Ozturk
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, 06460, Ankara, Turkey
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Rector I, Owen KA, Bachali P, Hubbard E, Yazdany J, Dall'era M, Grammer AC, Lipsky PE. Differential regulation of the interferon response in systemic lupus erythematosus distinguishes patients of Asian ancestry. RMD Open 2023; 9:e003475. [PMID: 37709528 PMCID: PMC10503349 DOI: 10.1136/rmdopen-2023-003475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Type I interferon (IFN) plays a role in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but insufficient attention has been directed to the differences in IFN responses between ancestral populations. Here, we explored the expression of the interferon gene signatures (IGSs) in SLE patients of European ancestry (EA) and Asian ancestry (AsA). METHODS We used gene set variation analysis with multiple IGS encompassing the response to both type 1 and type 2 IFN in isolated CD14+ monocytes, CD19+B cells, CD4+T cells and Natural Killer (NK) cells from patients with SLE stratified by self-identified ancestry. The expression of genes upstream of the IGS and influenced by lupus-associated risk alleles was also examined. Lastly, we employed machine learning (ML) models to assess the most important features classifying patients by disease activity. RESULTS AsA patients with SLE exhibited greater enrichment in the IFN core and IFNA2 IGS compared with EA patients in all cell types examined and, in the presence and absence of autoantibodies. Overall, AsA patients with SLE demonstrated higher expression of genes upstream of the IGS than EA counterparts. ML with feature importance analysis indicated that IGS expression in NK cells, anti-dsDNA, complement levels and AsA status contributed to disease activity. CONCLUSIONS AsA patients with SLE exhibited higher IGS than EA patients in all cell types regardless of autoantibody status, with enhanced expression of genetically associated genes upstream of the IGS potentially contributing. AsA, along with the IGS in NK cells, anti-dsDNA and complement, independently influenced SLE disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Rector
- AMPEL Biosolutions LLC and the RILITE Research Institute, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Prathyusha Bachali
- AMPEL Biosolutions LLC and the RILITE Research Institute, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Erika Hubbard
- AMPEL Biosolutions LLC and the RILITE Research Institute, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Jinoos Yazdany
- Medicine/Rheumatology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Maria Dall'era
- Division of Rheumatology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Amrie C Grammer
- AMPEL Biosolutions LLC and the RILITE Research Institute, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Peter E Lipsky
- AMPEL Biosolutions LLC and the RILITE Research Institute, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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11
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Lu D, Jiao X, Jiang W, Yang L, Gong Q, Wang X, Wei M, Gong S. Mesenchymal stem cells influence monocyte/macrophage phenotype: Regulatory mode and potential clinical applications. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115042. [PMID: 37379639 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are pluripotent stem cells derived from a variety of tissues, such as umbilical cord, fat, and bone marrow. Today, MSCs are widely recognized for their prominent anti-inflammatory properties in a variety of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. In inflammatory diseases, monocytes/macrophages are an important part of the innate immune response in the body, and the alteration of the inflammatory phenotype plays a crucial role in the secretion of pro-inflammatory/anti-inflammatory factors, the repair of injured sites, and the infiltration of inflammatory cells. In this review, starting from the effect of MSCs on the monocyte/macrophage phenotype, we have outlined in detail the process by which MSCs influence the transformation of the monocyte/macrophage inflammatory phenotype, emphasizing the central role of monocytes/macrophages in MSC-mediated anti-inflammatory and damage site repair. MSCs are phagocytosed by monocytes/macrophages in various physiological states, the paracrine effect of MSCs and mitochondrial transfer of MSCs to macrophages to promote the transformation of monocytes/macrophages into anti-inflammatory phenotypes. We also review the clinical applications of the MSCs-monocytes/macrophages system and describe novel pathways between MSCs and tissue repair, the effects of MSCs on the adaptive immune system, and the effects of energy metabolism levels on monocyte/macrophage phenotypic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejin Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Xue Jiao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Wenjian Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Li Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Qian Gong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Xiaobin Wang
- Center of Reproductive Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
| | - Minjie Wei
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Shiqiang Gong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China.
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12
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Pan Z, Yang Q, Zhang X, Xu X, Sun Y, Zhou F, Wen L. TRIM5 Promotes Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Through CD4(+) T Cells and Macrophage. Int J Gen Med 2023; 16:3567-3580. [PMID: 37614552 PMCID: PMC10443694 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s416493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a typical autoimmune disease characterized by the involvement of multiple organs and the production of antinuclear antibodies. This study aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism of SLE. Patients and Methods We retrieved genome-wide gene expression levels from five public datasets with relatively large sample sizes from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and we compared the expression profiles of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from SLE patients and healthy controls (HCs). The expression of seven target genes in PBMCs from 25 cases and 3 HCs was further validated by reverse-transcription quantitative PCR (RT‒qPCR). Flow cytometry was used for verifying the proportion of naive CD4(+) T cells and M2 macrophages in PBMCs from 5 cases and 4 HCs. Results We found 14 genes (TRIM5, FAM8A1, SHFL, LHFPL2, PARP14, IFIT5, PARP12, DDX60, IRF7, IF144, OAS1, OAS3, RHBDF2, and RSAD2) that were differentially expressed among all five datasets. The heterogeneity test under the fixed effect model showed no obvious heterogeneity of TRIM5, FAM8A1, and SHFL across different populations. TRIM5 was positively correlated with the remaining 13 genes. By separating patient samples into TRIM5-high and TRIM5-low groups, we found that up-regulated genes in the TRIM5-high group were mainly enriched in virus-related pathways. Immune cell proportion analysis and flow cytometry revealed that naive CD4(+) T cells were significantly decreased while M2 macrophages were increased in the SLE group. TRIM5 expression levels were negatively correlated with naive CD4(+) T cells but positively correlated with M2 macrophages. Conclusion Our data indicated that TRIM5 might be a key factor that modulates SLE etiology, possibly through naive CD4(+) T cells and M2 macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaobing Pan
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiaoshan Yang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaojing Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Xu
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yao Sun
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fusheng Zhou
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
| | - Leilei Wen
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Dermatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Dermatology (Anhui Medical University), Ministry of Education, Hefei, Anhui, People’s Republic of China
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13
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Niebel D, de Vos L, Fetter T, Brägelmann C, Wenzel J. Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus: An Update on Pathogenesis and Future Therapeutic Directions. Am J Clin Dermatol 2023; 24:521-540. [PMID: 37140884 PMCID: PMC10157137 DOI: 10.1007/s40257-023-00774-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Lupus erythematosus comprises a spectrum of autoimmune diseases that may affect various organs (systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE]) or the skin only (cutaneous lupus erythematosus [CLE]). Typical combinations of clinical, histological and serological findings define clinical subtypes of CLE, yet there is high interindividual variation. Skin lesions arise in the course of triggers such as ultraviolet (UV) light exposure, smoking or drugs; keratinocytes, cytotoxic T cells and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) establish a self-perpetuating interplay between the innate and adaptive immune system that is pivotal for the pathogenesis of CLE. Therefore, treatment relies on avoidance of triggers and UV protection, topical therapies (glucocorticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors) and rather unspecific immunosuppressive or immunomodulatory drugs. Yet, the advent of licensed targeted therapies for SLE might also open new perspectives in the management of CLE. The heterogeneity of CLE might be attributable to individual variables and we speculate that the prevailing inflammatory signature defined by either T cells, B cells, pDCs, a strong lesional type I interferon (IFN) response, or combinations of the above might be suitable to predict therapeutic response to targeted treatment. Therefore, pretherapeutic histological assessment of the inflammatory infiltrate could stratify patients with refractory CLE for T-cell-directed therapies (e.g. dapirolizumab pegol), B-cell-directed therapies (e.g. belimumab), pDC-directed therapies (e.g. litifilimab) or IFN-directed therapies (e.g. anifrolumab). Moreover, Janus kinase (JAK) and spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) inhibitors might broaden the therapeutic armamentarium in the near future. A close interdisciplinary exchange with rheumatologists and nephrologists is mandatory for optimal treatment of lupus patients to define the best therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Niebel
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Luka de Vos
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tanja Fetter
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Jörg Wenzel
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Bonn, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
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14
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Peng Y, Zhou M, Yang H, Qu R, Qiu Y, Hao J, Bi H, Guo D. Regulatory Mechanism of M1/M2 Macrophage Polarization in the Development of Autoimmune Diseases. Mediators Inflamm 2023; 2023:8821610. [PMID: 37332618 PMCID: PMC10270764 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8821610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are innate immune cells in the organism and can be found in almost tissues and organs. They are highly plastic and heterogeneous cells and can participate in the immune response, thereby playing a crucial role in maintaining the immune homeostasis of the body. It is well known that undifferentiated macrophages can polarize into classically activated macrophages (M1 macrophages) and alternatively activated macrophages (M2 macrophages) under different microenvironmental conditions. The directions of macrophage polarization can be regulated by a series of factors, including interferon, lipopolysaccharide, interleukin, and noncoding RNAs. To elucidate the role of macrophages in various autoimmune diseases, we searched the literature on macrophages with the PubMed database. Search terms are as follows: macrophages, polarization, signaling pathways, noncoding RNA, inflammation, autoimmune diseases, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus nephritis, Sjogren's syndrome, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and multiple sclerosis. In the present study, we summarize the role of macrophage polarization in common autoimmune diseases. In addition, we also summarize the features and recent advances with a particular focus on the immunotherapeutic potential of macrophage polarization in autoimmune diseases and the potentially effective therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Peng
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250002, China
| | - Mengxian Zhou
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250002, China
| | - Hong Yang
- Qingdao Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital (Qingdao Hiser Hospital), Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Ruyi Qu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250002, China
| | - Yan Qiu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250002, China
| | - Jiawen Hao
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250002, China
| | - Hongsheng Bi
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases; Shandong Academy of Eye Disease Prevention and Therapy, Medical College of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250002, China
| | - Dadong Guo
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Therapy of Ocular Diseases; Shandong Academy of Eye Disease Prevention and Therapy, Medical College of Optometry and Ophthalmology, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250002, China
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15
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El Bannoudi H, Cornwell M, Luttrell-Williams E, Engel A, Rolling C, Barrett TJ, Izmirly P, Belmont HM, Ruggles K, Clancy R, Buyon J, Berger JS. Platelet LGALS3BP as a Mediator of Myeloid Inflammation in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Arthritis Rheumatol 2023; 75:711-722. [PMID: 36245285 DOI: 10.1002/art.42382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Platelets are mediators of inflammation with immune effector cell properties and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This study investigated the role of platelet-associated lectin, galactoside-binding, soluble 3 binding protein (LGALS3BP) as a mediator of inflammation in SLE and as a potential biomarker associated with clinical phenotypes. METHODS We performed RNA sequencing on platelets from patients with SLE (n = 54) and on platelets from age-, sex-, and race/ethnicity-matched healthy controls (n = 18) and measured LGALS3BP levels in platelet releasate and in circulating serum. We investigated the association between LGALS3BP levels and the prevalence, disease severity, and clinical phenotypes of SLE and studied platelet-mediated effects on myeloid inflammation. RESULTS Platelets from patients with SLE exhibited increased expression of LGALS3BP (fold change 4.0, adjusted P = 6.02 × 10-11 ). Platelet-released LGALS3BP levels were highly correlated with circulating LGALS3BP (R = 0.69, P < 0.0001), and circulating LGALS3BP levels were correlated with the severity of disease according to the SLE Disease Activity Index (r = 0.32, P = 0.0006). Specifically, circulating LGALS3BP levels were higher in SLE patients with lupus nephritis than in patients with inactive disease (4.0 μg/ml versus 2.3 μg/ml; P < 0.001). Interferon-α induced LGALS3BP transcription and translation in a megakaryoblastic cell line (MEG-01) in a dose-dependent manner. Recombinant LGALS3BP and platelet releasates from SLE patients enhanced proinflammatory cytokine production by macrophages. CONCLUSIONS Our results support that platelets act as potent effector cells that contribute to the pathogenesis of SLE by secreting proinflammatory LGALS3BP, which also represents a novel biomarker of SLE clinical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanane El Bannoudi
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York
| | - MacIntosh Cornwell
- Department of Medicine and Institute for Systems Genetics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York
| | | | - Alexis Engel
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York
| | - Christina Rolling
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, and Medizinische Klinik, Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf
| | - Tessa J Barrett
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York
| | - Peter Izmirly
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York
| | - H Michael Belmont
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York
| | - Kelly Ruggles
- Department of Medicine and Institute for Systems Genetics, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York
| | - Robert Clancy
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York
| | - Jill Buyon
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York
| | - Jeffrey S Berger
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York
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16
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Owen KA, Bell KA, Price A, Bachali P, Ainsworth H, Marion MC, Howard TD, Langefeld CD, Shen N, Yazdany J, Dall'era M, Grammer AC, Lipsky PE. Molecular pathways identified from single nucleotide polymorphisms demonstrate mechanistic differences in systemic lupus erythematosus patients of Asian and European ancestry. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5339. [PMID: 37005464 PMCID: PMC10067935 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32569-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multi-organ autoimmune disorder with a prominent genetic component. Individuals of Asian-Ancestry (AsA) disproportionately experience more severe SLE compared to individuals of European-Ancestry (EA), including increased renal involvement and tissue damage. However, the mechanisms underlying elevated severity in the AsA population remain unclear. Here, we utilized available gene expression data and genotype data based on all non-HLA SNP associations in EA and AsA SLE patients detected using the Immunochip genotyping array. We identified 2778 ancestry-specific and 327 trans-ancestry SLE-risk polymorphisms. Genetic associations were examined using connectivity mapping and gene signatures based on predicted biological pathways and were used to interrogate gene expression datasets. SLE-associated pathways in AsA patients included elevated oxidative stress, altered metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction, whereas SLE-associated pathways in EA patients included a robust interferon response (type I and II) related to enhanced cytosolic nucleic acid sensing and signaling. An independent dataset derived from summary genome-wide association data in an AsA cohort was interrogated and identified similar molecular pathways. Finally, gene expression data from AsA SLE patients corroborated the molecular pathways predicted by SNP associations. Identifying ancestry-related molecular pathways predicted by genetic SLE risk may help to disentangle the population differences in clinical severity that impact AsA and EA individuals with SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine A Owen
- AMPEL BioSolutions LLC and the RILITE Research Institute, Charlottesville, VA, 22902, USA.
| | - Kristy A Bell
- AMPEL BioSolutions LLC and the RILITE Research Institute, Charlottesville, VA, 22902, USA
| | - Andrew Price
- AMPEL BioSolutions LLC and the RILITE Research Institute, Charlottesville, VA, 22902, USA
| | - Prathyusha Bachali
- AMPEL BioSolutions LLC and the RILITE Research Institute, Charlottesville, VA, 22902, USA
| | - Hannah Ainsworth
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA
| | - Miranda C Marion
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA
| | - Timothy D Howard
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA
| | - Carl D Langefeld
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA
| | - Nan Shen
- Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinoos Yazdany
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94117, USA
| | - Maria Dall'era
- University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94117, USA
| | - Amrie C Grammer
- AMPEL BioSolutions LLC and the RILITE Research Institute, Charlottesville, VA, 22902, USA
| | - Peter E Lipsky
- AMPEL BioSolutions LLC and the RILITE Research Institute, Charlottesville, VA, 22902, USA
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17
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Munguía-Realpozo P, Etchegaray-Morales I, Mendoza-Pinto C, Méndez-Martínez S, Osorio-Peña ÁD, Ayón-Aguilar J, García-Carrasco M. Current state and completeness of reporting clinical prediction models using machine learning in systemic lupus erythematosus: A systematic review. Autoimmun Rev 2023; 22:103294. [PMID: 36791873 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2023.103294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We carried out a systematic review (SR) of adherence in diagnostic and prognostic applications of ML in SLE using the Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis Or Diagnosis (TRIPOD) Statement. METHODS A SR employing five databases was conducted from its inception until December 2021. We identified articles that evaluated the utilization of ML for prognostic and/or diagnostic purposes. This SR was reported based on the PRISMA guidelines. The TRIPOD statement assessed adherence to reporting standards. Assessment for risk of bias was done using PROBAST tool. RESULTS We included 45 studies: 29 (64.4%) diagnostic and 16 (35.5%) prognostic prediction- model studies. Overall, articles adhered by between 17% and 67% (median 43%, IQR 37-49%) to TRIPOD items. Only few articles reported the model's predictive performance (2.3%, 95% CI 0.06-12.0), testing of interaction terms (2.3%, 95% CI 0.06-12.0), flow of participants (50%, 95% CI; 34.6-65.4), blinding of predictors (2.3%, 95% CI 0.06-12.0), handling of missing data (36.4%, 95% CI 22.4-52.2), and appropriate title (20.5%, 95% CI 9.8-35.3). Some items were almost completely reported: the source of data (88.6%, 95% CI 75.4-96.2), eligibility criteria (86.4%, 95% CI 76.2-96.5), and interpretation of findings (88.6%, 95% CI 75.4-96.2). In addition, most of model studies had high risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS The reporting adherence of ML-based model developed for SLE, is currently inadequate. Several items deemed crucial for transparent reporting were not fully reported in studies on ML-based prediction models. REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO ID# CRD42021284881. (Amended to limit the scope).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Munguía-Realpozo
- Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Research Unit, Specialties Hospital UMAE- CIBIOR, Mexican Institute for Social Security, Puebla, Mexico; Department of Rheumatology, Medicine School, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla, Mexico
| | - Ivet Etchegaray-Morales
- Department of Rheumatology, Medicine School, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla, Mexico.
| | - Claudia Mendoza-Pinto
- Systemic Autoimmune Diseases Research Unit, Specialties Hospital UMAE- CIBIOR, Mexican Institute for Social Security, Puebla, Mexico; Department of Rheumatology, Medicine School, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla, Mexico.
| | | | - Ángel David Osorio-Peña
- Department of Rheumatology, Medicine School, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla, Mexico
| | - Jorge Ayón-Aguilar
- Coordination of Health Research, Mexican Social Security Institute, Puebla, Mexico.
| | - Mario García-Carrasco
- Department of Rheumatology, Medicine School, Meritorious Autonomous University of Puebla, Mexico
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18
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Song W, Li C, Qiu J, Dong J, Liu D, Dai Y. Differential expression of exosomal miRNAs and proteins in the plasma of systemic lupus erythematous patients. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13345. [PMID: 36820039 PMCID: PMC9937897 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) is a complex chronic autoimmune disease with difficult early treatment and accurate diagnosis. Circulating exosomes containing proteins, lipids and nucleic acids can be ideal diagnostic biomarkers and disease management strategies for SLE. Our aim was to examine the unique expression profiles of circulating exosomal miRNAs and proteins in patients with SLE patients. Using RNA-sequencing and proteomic approaches, we compared the expression patterns of exosomal miRNAs and proteins in the plasma of SLE patients and healthy subjects, and discussed the underlying signaling network of circulating exosomes. We also summarize common molecules (miRNAs and proteins) and pathways shared by our plasma exosomes, as well as previously reported data (PBMC, T cells, B cells and plasma). We identified groups of differentially expressed exosomal miRNAs and proteins in the plasma of SLE patients and healthy controls. We obtained consensus molecules (39 miRNAs, 14 proteins) and 21 signaling pathways that are common in our current study and previous reports. Common molecules (miRNAs and proteins) and pathways shared by our plasma exosomes data and other circulating components data reported previously indicate their potential application in the clinical treatment and diagnosis of SLE disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencong Song
- Shenzhen Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, No. 1, Fuhua Road, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518033, China
| | - Chunhong Li
- Central Laboratory, Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Glucose and Lipid Metabolism Disorders, The Second Afliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China
| | - Jie Qiu
- Yulin Normal University, Yulin, 537000, China
| | - Jiyou Dong
- Yulin Normal University, Yulin, 537000, China,Corresponding author.
| | - Dongzhou Liu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, 518000, China,Corresponding author.
| | - Yong Dai
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University (Shenzhen People's Hospital), Shenzhen, 518000, China,Corresponding author.
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19
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Robl R, Eudy A, Bachali PS, Rogers JL, Clowse M, Pisetsky D, Lipsky P. Molecular endotypes of type 1 and type 2 SLE. Lupus Sci Med 2023; 10:10/1/e000861. [PMID: 36720488 PMCID: PMC9950972 DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2022-000861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To character the molecular landscape of patients with type 1 and type 2 SLE by analysing gene expression profiles from peripheral blood. METHODS Full transcriptomic RNA sequencing was carried out on whole blood samples from 18 subjects with SLE selected by the presence of manifestations typical of type 1 and type 2 SLE. The top 5000 row variance genes were analysed by Multiscale Embedded Gene Co-expression Network Analysis to generate gene co-expression modules that were functionally annotated and correlated with various demographic traits, clinical features and laboratory measures. RESULTS Expression of specific gene co-expression modules correlated with individual features of type 1 and type 2 SLE and also effectively segregated samples from patients with type 1 SLE from those with type 2 SLE. Unique type 1 SLE enrichment included interferon, monocytes, T cells, cell cycle and neurotransmitter pathways, whereas unique type 2 SLE enrichment included B cells and metabolic and neuromuscular pathways. Gene co-expression modules of patients with type 2 SLE were identified in subsets of previously reported patients with inactive SLE and idiopathic fibromyalgia (FM) and also identified subsets of patients with active SLE with a greater frequency of severe fatigue. CONCLUSION Gene co-expression analysis successfully identified unique transcriptional patterns that segregate type 1 SLE from type 2 SLE and further identified type 2 molecular features in patients with inactive SLE or FM and with active SLE with severe fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Robl
- Bioinformatics, AMPEL BioSolutions, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Amanda Eudy
- Rheumatology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Jennifer L Rogers
- Rheumatology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Megan Clowse
- Rheumatology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - David Pisetsky
- Rheumatology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA,Rheumatology, Durham Veterans Administration Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Peter Lipsky
- Bioinformatics, AMPEL BioSolutions, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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20
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Yang S, Zhao M, Jia S. Macrophage: Key player in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1080310. [PMID: 36865559 PMCID: PMC9974150 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1080310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The macrophage is an essential part of the innate immune system and also serves as the bridge between innate immunity and adaptive immune response. As the initiator and executor of the adaptive immune response, macrophage plays an important role in various physiological processes such as immune tolerance, fibrosis, inflammatory response, angiogenesis and phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. Consequently, macrophage dysfunction is a vital cause of the occurrence and development of autoimmune diseases. In this review, we mainly discuss the functions of macrophages in autoimmune diseases, especially in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatic arthritis (RA), systemic sclerosis (SSc) and type 1 diabetes (T1D), providing references for the treatment and prevention of autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Yang
- Dapartment of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Dapartment of Dermatology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Institute of Dermatology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China.,Key Laboratory of Basic and Translational Research on Immune-Mediated Skin Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Sujie Jia
- Department of Pharmacy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Nanjing, China
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21
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Ochando J, Mulder WJM, Madsen JC, Netea MG, Duivenvoorden R. Trained immunity - basic concepts and contributions to immunopathology. Nat Rev Nephrol 2023; 19:23-37. [PMID: 36253509 PMCID: PMC9575643 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-022-00633-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Trained immunity is a functional state of the innate immune response and is characterized by long-term epigenetic reprogramming of innate immune cells. This concept originated in the field of infectious diseases - training of innate immune cells, such as monocytes, macrophages and/or natural killer cells, by infection or vaccination enhances immune responses against microbial pathogens after restimulation. Although initially reported in circulating monocytes and tissue macrophages (termed peripheral trained immunity), subsequent findings indicate that immune progenitor cells in the bone marrow can also be trained (that is, central trained immunity), which explains the long-term innate immunity-mediated protective effects of vaccination against heterologous infections. Although trained immunity is beneficial against infections, its inappropriate induction by endogenous stimuli can also lead to aberrant inflammation. For example, in systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerosis, trained immunity might contribute to inflammatory activity, which promotes disease progression. In organ transplantation, trained immunity has been associated with acute rejection and suppression of trained immunity prolonged allograft survival. This novel concept provides a better understanding of the involvement of the innate immune response in different pathological conditions, and provides a new framework for the development of therapies and treatment strategies that target epigenetic and metabolic pathways of the innate immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Ochando
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. .,Transplant Immunology Unit, National Center of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Willem J. M. Mulder
- grid.6852.90000 0004 0398 8763Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands ,grid.59734.3c0000 0001 0670 2351Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY USA
| | - Joren C. Madsen
- grid.32224.350000 0004 0386 9924Center for Transplantation Sciences, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA ,grid.32224.350000 0004 0386 9924Division of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA USA
| | - Mihai G. Netea
- grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Department of Internal Medicine and Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands ,grid.10388.320000 0001 2240 3300Department for Genomics & Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences Institute (LIMES), University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Raphaël Duivenvoorden
- Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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22
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Ishikawa M, Yamamoto T. Interstitial granulomatous dermatitis in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus presenting with rope sign. J Dermatol 2022; 50:e153-e154. [PMID: 36514829 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.16674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masato Ishikawa
- Department of Dermatology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Yamamoto
- Department of Dermatology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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23
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Kain J, Owen KA, Marion MC, Langefeld CD, Grammer AC, Lipsky PE. Mendelian randomization and pathway analysis demonstrate shared genetic associations between lupus and coronary artery disease. Cell Rep Med 2022; 3:100805. [PMID: 36334592 PMCID: PMC9729823 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2022.100805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of death in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Despite clinical evidence supporting an association between SLE and CAD, pleiotropy-adjusted genetic association studies are limited and focus on only a few common risk loci. Here, we identify a net positive causal estimate of SLE-associated non-HLA SNPs on CAD by traditional Mendelian randomization (MR) approaches. Pathway analysis using SNP-to-gene mapping followed by unsupervised clustering based on protein-protein interactions (PPIs) identifies biological networks composed of positive and negative causal sets of genes. In addition, we confirm the casual effects of specific SNP-to-gene modules on CAD using only SNP mapping to each PPI-defined functional gene set as instrumental variables. This PPI-based MR approach elucidates various molecular pathways with causal implications between SLE and CAD and identifies biological pathways likely causative of both pathologies, revealing known and novel therapeutic interventions for managing CAD in SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Kain
- AMPEL BioSolutions, LLC, Charlottesville, VA, USA; The RILITE Research Institute, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Katherine A Owen
- AMPEL BioSolutions, LLC, Charlottesville, VA, USA; The RILITE Research Institute, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
| | - Miranda C Marion
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, and Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Carl D Langefeld
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, and Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Amrie C Grammer
- AMPEL BioSolutions, LLC, Charlottesville, VA, USA; The RILITE Research Institute, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Peter E Lipsky
- AMPEL BioSolutions, LLC, Charlottesville, VA, USA; The RILITE Research Institute, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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24
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Legorreta-Haquet MV, Santana-Sánchez P, Chávez-Sánchez L, Chávez-Rueda AK. The effect of prolactin on immune cell subsets involved in SLE pathogenesis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1016427. [PMID: 36389803 PMCID: PMC9650038 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1016427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The higher frequency of autoimmune diseases in the female population compared to males suggests that certain hormones, such as prolactin (PRL), play a role in determining the prevalence of autoimmunity in women, particularly during childbearing age. PRL can act not only as a hormone but also as a cytokine, being able to modulate immune responses. Hyperprolactinemia has been implicated in the pathogenesis of various autoimmune diseases where it may affect disease activity. One of the conditions where PRL has such a role is systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). PRL regulates the proliferation and survival of both lymphoid and myeloid cells. It also affects the selection of T-cell repertoires by influencing the thymic microenvironment. In autoimmune conditions, PRL interferes with the activity of regulatory T cells. It also influences B cell tolerance by lowering the activation threshold of anergic B cells. The production of CD40L and cytokines, such as interleukin IL-6, are also promoted by PRL. This, in turn, leads to the production of autoantibodies, one of the hallmarks of SLE. PRL increases the cytotoxic activity of T lymphocytes and the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. The production of proinflammatory cytokines, particularly those belonging to the type 1 interferon (IFN) family, is part of the SLE characteristic genetic signature. PRL also participates in the maturation and differentiation of dendritic cells, promoting the presentation of autoantigens and high IFNα secretion. It also affects neutrophil function and the production of neutrophil traps. Macrophages and dendritic cells can also be affected by PRL, linking this molecule to the abnormal behavior of both innate and adaptive immune responses.This review aimed to highlight the importance of PRL and its actions on the cells of innate and adaptive immune responses. Additionally, by elucidating the role of PRL in SLE etiopathogenesis, this work will contribute to a better understanding of the factors involved in SLE development and regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Adriana Karina Chávez-Rueda
- Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunología (UIM) en Inmunología, Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional (CMN) Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, México City, Mexico
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25
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Charoensappakit A, Sae-Khow K, Leelahavanichkul A. Gut Barrier Damage and Gut Translocation of Pathogen Molecules in Lupus, an Impact of Innate Immunity (Macrophages and Neutrophils) in Autoimmune Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158223. [PMID: 35897790 PMCID: PMC9367802 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut barrier is a single cell layer that separates gut micro-organisms from the host, and gut permeability defects result in the translocation of microbial molecules from the gut into the blood. Despite the silent clinical manifestation, gut translocation of microbial molecules can induce systemic inflammation that might be an endogenous exacerbating factor of systemic lupus erythematosus. In contrast, circulatory immune-complex deposition and the effect of medications on the gut, an organ with an extremely large surface area, of patients with active lupus might cause gut translocation of microbial molecules, which worsens lupus severity. Likewise, the imbalance of gut microbiota may initiate lupus and/or interfere with gut integrity which results in microbial translocation and lupus exacerbation. Moreover, immune hyper-responsiveness of innate immune cells (macrophages and neutrophils) is demonstrated in a lupus model from the loss of inhibitory Fc gamma receptor IIb (FcgRIIb), which induces prominent responses through the cross-link between activating-FcgRs and innate immune receptors. The immune hyper-responsiveness can cause cell death, especially apoptosis and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETosis), which possibly exacerbates lupus, partly through the enhanced exposure of the self-antigens. Leaky gut monitoring and treatments (such as probiotics) might be beneficial in lupus. Here, we discuss the current information on leaky gut in lupus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awirut Charoensappakit
- Center of Excellence in Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology (CETRII), Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Kritsanawan Sae-Khow
- Center of Excellence in Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology (CETRII), Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Asada Leelahavanichkul
- Center of Excellence in Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology (CETRII), Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Nephrology Unit, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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26
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Metabolic Reprogramming of Innate Immune Cells as a Possible Source of New Therapeutic Approaches in Autoimmunity. Cells 2022; 11:cells11101663. [PMID: 35626700 PMCID: PMC9140143 DOI: 10.3390/cells11101663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune cells undergo different metabolic pathways or immunometabolisms to interact with various antigens. Immunometabolism links immunological and metabolic processes and is critical for innate and adaptive immunity. Although metabolic reprogramming is necessary for cell differentiation and proliferation, it may mediate the imbalance of immune homeostasis, leading to the pathogenesis and development of some diseases, such as autoimmune diseases. Here, we discuss the effects of metabolic changes in autoimmune diseases, exerted by the leading actors of innate immunity, and their role in autoimmunity pathogenesis, suggesting many immunotherapeutic approaches.
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27
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Dong Y, Ming B, Dong L. The Role of HMGB1 in Rheumatic Diseases. Front Immunol 2022; 13:815257. [PMID: 35250993 PMCID: PMC8892237 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.815257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
HMGB1, a highly conserved non-histone nuclear protein, is widely expressed in mammalian cells. HMGB1 in the nucleus binds to the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) to regulate the structure of chromosomes and maintain the transcription, replication, DNA repair, and nucleosome assembly. HMGB1 is actively or passively released into the extracellular region during cells activation or necrosis. Extracellular HMGB1 as an alarmin can initiate immune response alone or combined with other substances such as nucleic acid to participate in multiple biological processes. It has been reported that HMGB1 is involved in various inflammatory responses and autoimmunity. This review article summarizes the physiological function of HMGB1, the post-translational modification of HMGB1, its interaction with different receptors, and its recent advances in rheumatic diseases and strategies for targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanji Dong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bingxia Ming
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingli Dong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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28
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Zhong X, Chen L, Peng G, Sheng Y, Liu X, Zheng Y, Huang Y, Xu J, Liu Y. Early assessment of subclinical myocardial injury in systemic lupus erythematosus by two-dimensional longitudinal layer speckle tracking imaging. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2022; 12:2947-2960. [PMID: 35502373 PMCID: PMC9014157 DOI: 10.21037/qims-21-805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the feasibility of quantitatively assessing left ventricular function and synchronization and diagnose subclinical myocardial injury in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) using two-dimensional (2D) longitudinal layer speckle tracking imaging (STI). METHODS This was a single-center prospective study. A total of 69 patients with SLE were included in the case group and further divided into 2 subgroups, a nonactive and an active group, according to the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) 2000 scoring standard. We selected 30 healthy volunteers as the control group. The global longitudinal strain (GLSglobal), global endocardial longitudinal strain (GLSendo), global epicardial longitudinal strain (GLSepi), and peak strain dispersion (PSD) were obtained. The transmural gradient of longitudinal strain (TGLS) was calculated for the difference in strains between the inner and outer membranes. RESULTS (I) Compared with the control group, decreased speckle strain parameters and elevated PSD were observed in patients with SLE (GLSglobal: -18.80%±2.41% vs. -21.19%±2.16%, GLSendo: -21.15%±2.47% vs. -24.09±2.49%; GLSepi: -16.58%±2.39% vs. -18.50±1.77%; TGLS: -4.56%±1.24% vs. -5.59%±1.39%; and PSD: 36.61±10.85 vs. 30.00±8.54 ms). More severely impaired layer strains were observed in active-stage patients. Compared with the nonactive group, GLSendo, GLSglobal, GLSepi, TGLS, complement C3, and complement C4 were decreased in the active group, while SLEDAI, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP) were elevated. (II) Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis demonstrated that subendocardial myocardial longitudinal strain was the most powerful tool for detecting myocardial insufficiency early in patients with SLE [area under the curve (AUC) =0.809], especially in patients in the active stage (AUC =0.734), and the optimal cut-off point was -21.35%, with a sensitivity of 71.9% and a specificity of 62.2%. (III) Correlation analysis revealed that GLSendo was moderately correlated with PSD, SLEDAI, ERS, Hs-CRP, and complement C3 (correlation coefficients: 0.535, 0.428, 0.659, 0.559, and -0.440, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Subclinical myocardial injury in patients with SLE can be assessed early using 2D longitudinal STI, and the injury is more obvious in active-stage patients. Endocardial longitudinal strain is a more sensitive index than epicardial longitudinal strain for the early detection of subclinical myocardial injury in patients with SLE, which is a potentially valuable clinical tool to assist in the early detection of myocardial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Zhong
- Department of Ultrasound, Shenzhen Medical Ultrasound Engineering Center, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lixin Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Shenzhen Medical Ultrasound Engineering Center, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Guijuan Peng
- Department of Ultrasound, Shenzhen Medical Ultrasound Engineering Center, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuanyuan Sheng
- Department of Ultrasound, Shenzhen Medical Ultrasound Engineering Center, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaohua Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Shenzhen Medical Ultrasound Engineering Center, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingqi Zheng
- Department of Ultrasound, Shenzhen Medical Ultrasound Engineering Center, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuxiang Huang
- Department of Ultrasound, Shenzhen Medical Ultrasound Engineering Center, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinfeng Xu
- Department of Ultrasound, Shenzhen Medical Ultrasound Engineering Center, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yingying Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Shenzhen Medical Ultrasound Engineering Center, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
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29
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Gerasimova EV, Popkova TV, Gerasimova DA, Kirichenko TV. Macrophage Dysfunction in Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases and Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4513. [PMID: 35562903 PMCID: PMC9102949 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the problems of modern medical science is cardiovascular pathology caused by atherosclerotic vascular lesions in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs). The similarity between the mechanisms of the immunopathogenesis of ARD and chronic low-grade inflammation in atherosclerosis draws attention. According to modern concepts, chronic inflammation associated with uncontrolled activation of both innate and acquired immunity plays a fundamental role in all stages of ARDs and atherosclerotic processes. Macrophage monocytes play an important role among the numerous immune cells and mediators involved in the immunopathogenesis of both ARDs and atherosclerosis. An imbalance between M1-like and M2-like macrophages is considered one of the causes of ARDs. The study of a key pathogenetic factor in the development of autoimmune and atherosclerotic inflammation-activated monocyte/macrophages will deepen the knowledge of chronic inflammation pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena V. Gerasimova
- Department of Systemic Rheumatic Diseases, V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology, Kashirskoe Shosse, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (E.V.G.); (T.V.P.)
| | - Tatiana V. Popkova
- Department of Systemic Rheumatic Diseases, V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology, Kashirskoe Shosse, 115522 Moscow, Russia; (E.V.G.); (T.V.P.)
| | - Daria A. Gerasimova
- Chair of Organization and Economy of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmacy, A.P. Nelyubina, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 96k1 Ave. Vernadsky, 119526 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Tatiana V. Kirichenko
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Chazov National Medical Research Center of Cardiology, 15-a Cherepkovskaya Str., 121552 Moscow, Russia
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, A.P. Avtsyn Research Institute for Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupa St., 117418 Moscow, Russia
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30
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Ahamada MM, Jia Y, Wu X. Macrophage Polarization and Plasticity in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Front Immunol 2022; 12:734008. [PMID: 34987500 PMCID: PMC8721097 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.734008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that attacks almost every organ. The condition mostly happens to adults but is also found in children, and the latter have the most severe manifestations. Among adults, females, especially non-Caucasian, are mostly affected. Even if the etiology of SLE remains unclear, studies show a close relation between this disease and both genetics and environment. Despite the large number of published articles about SLE, we still do not have a clear picture of its pathogenesis, and no specific drug has been found to treat this condition effectively. The implication of macrophages in SLE development is gaining ground, and studying it could answer these gaps. Indeed, both in vivo and in vitro studies increasingly report a strong link between this disease and macrophages. Hence, this review aims to explore the role of macrophages polarization and plasticity in SLE development. Understanding this role is of paramount importance because in-depth knowledge of the connection between macrophages and this systemic disease could clarify its pathogenesis and provide a foundation for macrophage-centered therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariame Mohamed Ahamada
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yang Jia
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaochuan Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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31
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The Potential of Nrf2 Activation as a Therapeutic Target in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12020151. [PMID: 35208225 PMCID: PMC8876688 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12020151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation and oxidative stress are well established in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and are critical to the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. The transcription factor NF-E2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a central regulator of cellular anti-oxidative responses, inflammation, and restoration of redox balance. Accumulating reports support an emerging role for the regulation of Nrf2 in SLE. These include findings on the development of lupus-like autoimmune nephritis and altered immune cell populations in mice lacking Nrf2, as well as decreased Nrf2 abundance in the dendritic cells of patients with SLE. Nrf2-inducing agents have been shown to alleviate oxidative and inflammatory stress and reduce tissue injury in SLE mouse models. Since Nrf2 expression can be increased in activated T cells, the precise role of Nrf2 activation in different immune cell types and their function remains to be defined. However, targeting Nrf2 for the treatment of diseases associated with oxidative stress and inflammation, such as SLE, is promising. As investigation of Nrf2-inducing agents in clinical trials grows, defining the signaling and molecular mechanisms of action and downstream effects in response to different Nrf2-inducing agents in specific cells, tissues, and diseases, will be critical for effective clinical use.
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32
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HSPB5 suppresses renal inflammation and protects lupus-prone NZB/W F1 mice from severe renal damage. Arthritis Res Ther 2022; 24:267. [PMID: 36510250 PMCID: PMC9743758 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-022-02958-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lupus nephritis (LN) is an inflammatory disease of the kidneys affecting patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Current immunosuppressive and cytotoxic therapies are associated with serious side effects and fail to protect 20-40% of LN patients from end-stage renal disease. In this study, we investigated whether a small heat shock protein, HSPB5, can reduce kidney inflammation and the clinical manifestations of the disease in NZB/W F1 mice. Furthermore, we investigated whether HSPB5 can enhance the effects of methylprednisolone, a standard-of-care drug in LN, in an endotoxemia mouse model. METHODS NZB/W F1 mice were treated with HSPB5, methylprednisolone, or vehicle from 23 to 38 weeks of age. Disease progression was evaluated by weekly proteinuria scores. At the end of the study, the blood, urine, spleens, and kidneys were collected for the assessment of proteinuria, blood urea nitrogen, kidney histology, serum IL-6 and anti-dsDNA levels, immune cell populations, and their phenotypes, as well as the transcript levels of proinflammatory chemokine/cytokines in the kidneys. HSPB5 was also evaluated in combination with methylprednisolone in a lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxemia mouse model; serum IL-6 levels were measured at 24 h post-endotoxemia induction. RESULTS HSPB5 significantly reduced terminal proteinuria and BUN and substantially improved kidney pathology. Similar trends, although to a lower extent, were observed with methylprednisolone treatment. Serum IL-6 levels and kidney expression of BAFF, IL-6, IFNγ, MCP-1 (CCL2), and KIM-1 were reduced, whereas nephrin expression was significantly preserved compared to vehicle-treated mice. Lastly, splenic Tregs and Bregs were significantly induced with HSPB5 treatment. HSPB5 in combination with methylprednisolone also significantly reduced serum IL-6 levels in endotoxemia mice. CONCLUSIONS HSPB5 treatment reduces kidney inflammation and injury, providing therapeutic benefits in NZB/W F1 mice. Given that HSPB5 enhances the anti-inflammatory effects of methylprednisolone, there is a strong interest to develop HSBP5 as a therapeutic for the treatment of LN.
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33
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Ma Y, Wang D, Luo S, He Z, Sun J. Exosome miR-155-5p Derived from Lung Cancer Hcc827 Promotes Macrophage Activation and Lung Cancer Progression. J BIOMATER TISS ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbt.2022.2886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This stud intends to assess whether exosome miR-155-5p derived from human non-small cell lung cancer cells (Hcc827) activates macrophages in lung cancer. Lung cancer Hcc827 cells were assigned into control group and expeirmental group (cultured with macrophages, THP-1 activated by exosome
miR-155-5P derived from Hcc827) followed by analysis of macrophage markers inducible nitric oxide synthase (INOS), recombinant human CD163 (CD163), matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP9), matrix metallopeptidase 2 (MMP2), and E-cadherin by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (RFQ-PCR), IL-10,
IL-6 and IL-8 levels by chemiluminescence, cell invasion by Transwell assay and related protein expression by Western blot. miR-155-5p treatment significantly reduced INOS and TNF-β expressions and increased CD163, TNF-α, IL-8, IL-6 and IL-10 expressions along with
enhanced cell invasion. In addition, MMP9 and MMP2 expressions in experimental group were significantly increased and E-cdherin was reduced. In conclusion, exosome miR-155-5p derived from lung cancer Hcc827 cells activates macrophages and enhanced lung cancer cell invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxin Ma
- Department of Radiology, Daqing Oil Field General Hospital, Daqing, Heihongjiang, 163001, China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Daqing Oil Field General Hospital, Daqing, Heihongjiang, 163001, China
| | - Songzhi Luo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Daqing Oil Field General Hospital, Daqing, Heihongjiang, 163001, China
| | - Zhiwei He
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Daqing Oil Field General Hospital, Daqing, Heihongjiang, 163001, China
| | - Jiannan Sun
- Department of Radiology, Daqing Oil Field General Hospital, Daqing, Heihongjiang, 163001, China
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34
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Liu B, Cao J, Wang X, Guo C, Liu Y, Wang T. Deciphering the tRNA-derived small RNAs: origin, development, and future. Cell Death Dis 2021; 13:24. [PMID: 34934044 PMCID: PMC8692627 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04472-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Transfer RNA (tRNA)-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs), a novel category of small noncoding RNAs, are enzymatically cleaved from tRNAs. Previous reports have shed some light on the roles of tsRNAs in the development of human diseases. However, our knowledge about tsRNAs is still relatively lacking. In this paper, we review the biogenesis, classification, subcellular localization as well as action mechanism of tsRNAs, and discuss the association between chemical modifications of tRNAs and the production and functions of tsRNAs. Furthermore, using immunity, metabolism, and malignancy as examples, we summarize the molecular mechanisms of tsRNAs in diseases and evaluate the potential of tsRNAs as new biomarkers and therapeutic targets. At the same time, we compile and introduce several resource databases that are currently publicly available for analyzing tsRNAs. Finally, we discuss the challenges associated with research in this field and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Liu
- Research Center for Molecular Oncology and Functional Nucleic Acids, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, 453003, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China.
| | - Jinling Cao
- Research Center for Molecular Oncology and Functional Nucleic Acids, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, 453003, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
| | - Xiangyun Wang
- Research Center for Molecular Oncology and Functional Nucleic Acids, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, 453003, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
| | - Chunlei Guo
- Research Center for Molecular Oncology and Functional Nucleic Acids, School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, 453003, Xinxiang, Henan, PR China
| | - Yunxia Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Tianjiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, PR China
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Kingsmore KM, Puglisi CE, Grammer AC, Lipsky PE. An introduction to machine learning and analysis of its use in rheumatic diseases. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2021; 17:710-730. [PMID: 34728818 DOI: 10.1038/s41584-021-00708-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Machine learning (ML) is a computerized analytical technique that is being increasingly employed in biomedicine. ML often provides an advantage over explicitly programmed strategies in the analysis of multidimensional information by recognizing relationships in the data that were not previously appreciated. As such, the use of ML in rheumatology is increasing, and numerous studies have employed ML to classify patients with rheumatic autoimmune inflammatory diseases (RAIDs) from medical records and imaging, biometric or gene expression data. However, these studies are limited by sample size, the accuracy of sample labelling, and absence of datasets for external validation. In addition, there is potential for ML models to overfit or underfit the data and, thereby, these models might produce results that cannot be replicated in an unrelated dataset. In this Review, we introduce the basic principles of ML and discuss its current strengths and weaknesses in the classification of patients with RAIDs. Moreover, we highlight the successful analysis of the same type of input data (for example, medical records) with different algorithms, illustrating the potential plasticity of this analytical approach. Altogether, a better understanding of ML and the future application of advanced analytical techniques based on this approach, coupled with the increasing availability of biomedical data, may facilitate the development of meaningful precision medicine for patients with RAIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amrie C Grammer
- AMPEL BioSolutions and RILITE Research Institute, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Peter E Lipsky
- AMPEL BioSolutions and RILITE Research Institute, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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Transcriptomics data: pointing the way to subclassification and personalized medicine in systemic lupus erythematosus. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2021; 33:579-585. [PMID: 34410228 DOI: 10.1097/bor.0000000000000833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To summarize recent studies stratifying SLE patients into subgroups based on gene expression profiling and suggest future improvements for employing transcriptomic data to foster precision medicine. RECENT FINDINGS Bioinformatic & machine learning pipelines have been employed to dissect the transcriptomic heterogeneity of lupus patients and identify more homogenous subgroups. Some examples include the use of unsupervised random forest and k-means clustering to separate adult SLE patients into seven clusters and hierarchical clustering of single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) of immune cells yielding four clusters in a cohort of adult SLE and pediatric SLE participants. Random forest classification of bulk RNA-seq data from sorted blood cells enabled prediction of high or low disease activity in European and Asian SLE patients. Inferred transcription factor activity stratified adult and pediatric SLE into two subgroups. SUMMARY Several different endotypes of SLE patients with differing molecular profiles have been reported but a global consensus of clinically actionable groups has not been reached. Moreover, heterogeneity between datasets, reproducibility of predictions as well as the most effective classification approach have not been resolved. Nevertheless, gene expression-based precision medicine remains an attractive option to subset lupus patients.
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Abstract
With advances in information technology, the demand for using data science to enhance healthcare and disease management is rapidly increasing. Among these technologies, machine learning (ML) has become ubiquitous and indispensable for solving complex problems in many scientific fields, including medical science. ML allows the development of guidelines and framing of the evaluation system for complex diseases based on massive data. In the analysis of rheumatic diseases, which are chronic and remarkably heterogeneous, ML can be anticipated to be extremely helpful in deciphering and revealing the inherent interrelationships in disease development and progression, which can further enhance the overall understanding of the disease, optimize patients' stratification, calibrate therapeutic strategies, and predict prognosis and outcomes. In this review, the basics of ML, its potential clinical applications in rheumatology, together with its strengths and limitations are summarized.
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Karsulovic C, Hojman LP, Seelmann DL, Wurmann PA. Diffuse Lymphadenopathy Syndrome as a Flare-Up Manifestation in Lupus and Mixed Connective Tissue Disease Following Mild COVID-19. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2021; 22:e932751. [PMID: 34504052 PMCID: PMC8445385 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.932751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Manifestations of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, are highly variable among healthy populations. In connective tissue disease patients, the spectrum of clinical manifestations is even broader. In mild COVID-19 patients, diffuse lymphadenopathy (DL) has not been described as a late manifestation, and only severe COVID-19 has been associated with lupus flare-ups. Herein, we report 3 cases of connective tissue disease patients that presented with DL after diagnosis and complete resolution of mild COVID-19 disease. CASE REPORT Case 1. A 28-year-old man with inactive lupus, mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD), and a history of lung and cutaneous involvement. He presented with fever, polyarthralgia, and multiple lymphadenopathies 3 weeks after COVID-19 disease resolution. After evaluation, immunosuppressive treatment was initiated, with rapid response. Case 2. A 25-year-old woman with inactive lupus with a history of articular, hematologic, and cutaneous involvement. Four weeks after resolution of COVID-19 disease, she presented with malaise and cervical lymphadenopathies. After laboratory testing and imaging, she was treated for lupus flare-up, with rapid response. Case 3. A 68-year-old woman with inactive lupus with a history of articular and cutaneous involvement. Four weeks after COVID-19 resolution, she presented with malaise and cervical and axillary lymphadenopathies. After extensive evaluation, immunosuppressive treatment resulted in a rapid response. CONCLUSIONS After 3 to 4 weeks of mild, outpatient-treated COVID-19 and complete resolution of symptoms, 3 patients with connective tissue disease presented diffuse lymphadenopathy associated with inflammatory and constitutional symptoms. Infectious and neoplastic causes were thoroughly ruled out. All patients responded to reintroduction of or an increase in immunosuppressive therapy. We recommend considering the diffuse lymphadenopathy as a possible post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS) manifestation in these patients, mainly when they are in the inactive phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Karsulovic
- Rheumatology Section, Clinical Hospital of the University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Neuroendocrine Immunomodulation Laboratory, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Corresponding Author: Claudio Karsulovic, e-mail:
| | - Lia P. Hojman
- Department of Dermatology, Alemana Clinic of Santiago, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daniela L. Seelmann
- Rheumatology Section, Clinical Hospital of the University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pamela A. Wurmann
- Rheumatology Section, Clinical Hospital of the University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Dou R, Zhang X, Xu X, Wang P, Yan B. Mesenchymal stem cell exosomal tsRNA-21109 alleviate systemic lupus erythematosus by inhibiting macrophage M1 polarization. Mol Immunol 2021; 139:106-114. [PMID: 34464838 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease with M1-type macrophage activation. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) therapies have shown promise in models of pathologies relevant to SLE, while the function and mechanism of MSC-derived exosomes (MSC-exo) were still unclear. We aimed to interrogate the effect of MSC-exo on M1-type polarization of macrophage and investigate mechanisms underlying MSC-exo. Exosomes were isolated from MSC and the effect of MSC-exo on macrophage polarization was evaluated. The key tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) carried by exosomes were identified by small RNA sequencing and verified in clinical samples. The effect of exosomal-tRFs on macrophage polarization was examined. In this study, MSC-exo dramatically suppressed expression of M1 markers, and reduced the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β, while increased M2 markers in macrophages. A total of 243 differently expressed tRFs (DEtRFs) were identified between MSC-exo treated and untreated macrophage, among which 103 DEtRFs were up-regulated in response to MSC-exo treatment, including tsRNA-21109. The target genes of tsRNA-21109 were mainly enriched in DNA transcription-related GO function, and mainly involved in inflammatory-related pathways, including Rap1, Ras, Hippo, Wnt, MAPK, TGF-beta signaling pathway. The tsRNA-21109 was lowly expressed in clinical samples and was associated with the patient data in SLE. Compared to the normal MSC-exo, the tsRNA-21109-privative MSC-exo up-regulated M1 marker (CD80, NOS2, MCP1) and down-regulated M2 marker (CD206, ARG1, MRC2), also increased the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in macrophages. Western blot and immunofluorescence confirmed that the proportion of CD80/ARG-1 was increased in macrophages treated with tsRNA-21109-privatived MSC-exo compared to that with control MSC-exo. In conclusion, MSC-exo inhibited the M1-type polarization of macrophages, possibly through transferring tsRNA-21109, which may develop as a novel therapeutic target for SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Dou
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, China.
| | - Xiulei Zhang
- Department of Microbiome Laboratory, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, China.
| | - Xiangdong Xu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Pei Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, China.
| | - Beizhan Yan
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, China.
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Kingsmore KM, Bachali P, Catalina MD, Daamen AR, Heuer SE, Robl RD, Grammer AC, Lipsky PE. Altered expression of genes controlling metabolism characterizes the tissue response to immune injury in lupus. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14789. [PMID: 34285256 PMCID: PMC8292402 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93034-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
To compare lupus pathogenesis in disparate tissues, we analyzed gene expression profiles of human discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE) and lupus nephritis (LN). We found common increases in myeloid cell-defining gene sets and decreases in genes controlling glucose and lipid metabolism in lupus-affected skin and kidney. Regression models in DLE indicated increased glycolysis was correlated with keratinocyte, endothelial, and inflammatory cell transcripts, and decreased tricarboxylic (TCA) cycle genes were correlated with the keratinocyte signature. In LN, regression models demonstrated decreased glycolysis and TCA cycle genes were correlated with increased endothelial or decreased kidney cell transcripts, respectively. Less severe glomerular LN exhibited similar alterations in metabolism and tissue cell transcripts before monocyte/myeloid cell infiltration in some patients. Additionally, changes to mitochondrial and peroxisomal transcripts were associated with specific cells rather than global signal changes. Examination of murine LN gene expression demonstrated metabolic changes were not driven by acute exposure to type I interferon and could be restored after immunosuppression. Finally, expression of HAVCR1, a tubule damage marker, was negatively correlated with the TCA cycle signature in LN models. These results indicate that altered metabolic dysfunction is a common, reversible change in lupus-affected tissues and appears to reflect damage downstream of immunologic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M Kingsmore
- AMPEL BioSolutions, LLC and RILITE Research Institute, Charlottesville, VA, USA.
| | - Prathyusha Bachali
- AMPEL BioSolutions, LLC and RILITE Research Institute, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Michelle D Catalina
- AMPEL BioSolutions, LLC and RILITE Research Institute, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, 45 A Middlesex Turnpike, Billerica, MA, 01821, USA
| | - Andrea R Daamen
- AMPEL BioSolutions, LLC and RILITE Research Institute, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Sarah E Heuer
- AMPEL BioSolutions, LLC and RILITE Research Institute, Charlottesville, VA, USA
- The Jackson Laboratory, Tufts Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 600 Main Street Bar, Harbor, ME, 04609, USA
| | - Robert D Robl
- AMPEL BioSolutions, LLC and RILITE Research Institute, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Amrie C Grammer
- AMPEL BioSolutions, LLC and RILITE Research Institute, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Peter E Lipsky
- AMPEL BioSolutions, LLC and RILITE Research Institute, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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41
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Wang Y, Ma Q, Huo Z. Identification of hub genes, pathways, and related transcription factors in systemic lupus erythematosus: A preliminary bioinformatics analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26499. [PMID: 34160465 PMCID: PMC8238284 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by multiple organ damage and the production of a variety of autoantibodies. The pathogenesis of SLE has not been fully defined, and it is difficult to treat. Our study aimed to identify candidate genes that may be used as biomarkers for the screening, diagnosis, and treatment of SLE. METHODS We used the GEO2R tool to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in SLE-related datasets retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). In addition, we also identified the biological functions of the DEGs by gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analysis. Additionally, we constructed protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks to identify hub genes, as well as the regulatory network of transcription factors related to DEGs. RESULTS Two datasets were identified for use from the GEO (GSE50772, GSE4588), and 34 up-regulated genes and 4 down-regulated genes were identified by GEO2R. Pathway analysis of the DEGs revealed enrichment of the interferon alpha/beta signaling pathway; GO analysis was mainly enriched in response to interferon alpha, regulation of ribonuclease activity. PPIs were constructed through the STRING database and 14 hub genes were selected and 1 significant module (score = 12.923) was obtained from the PPI network. Additionally, 11 key transcription factors that interacted closely with the 14 hub DEGs were identified from the gene transcription factor network. CONCLUSIONS Bioinformatic analysis is an effective tool for screening the original genomic data in the GEO database, and a large number of SLE-related DEGs were identified. The identified hub DEGs may be potential biomarkers of SLE.
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Luo T, Wang Z, Chen Z, Yu E, Fang C. Layer-specific strain and dyssynchrony index alteration in new-onset systemic lupus erythematosus patients without cardiac symptoms. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2021; 11:1271-1283. [PMID: 33816166 DOI: 10.21037/qims-20-859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Layer-specific speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE) is a noninvasive approach that assesses subclinical left ventricular dysfunction. We aimed to investigate the (I) alteration of layer-specific STE parameters and the dyssynchrony index; and (II) the disease parameters associated with layer-specific STE change in drug-naïve patients with new-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) without cardiac symptoms. Methods Thirty-five drug-naïve patients with new-onset SLE and twenty-five healthy controls were enrolled. All individuals received both conventional echocardiographic and two-dimensional STE assessment. The data of layer-specific global longitudinal strain (GLS), global circumferential strain (GCS), and peak systolic dispersion (PSD) were acquired in layer-specific STE. Results All patients had a normal left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)(mean LVEF: 58%) and conventional echocardiographic parameters were comparable between patients and controls. Decreased layer-specific GLS and elevated PSD were observed in SLE patients (whole layer GLS: -17.6%±3.0% versus -19.3%±2.6%, P=0.02; endocardial GLS: -20.0%±3.2% versus -22.1%±3.0%, P=0.01; epicardial GLS: -15.6%±2.7% versus -16.8%±2.4%, P=0.04; PSD: 41.0±18.9 versus 28.8±10.1 msec, P=0.007). In contrast, there was no difference in layer-specific GCS at three different levels between patients and controls (P>0.05). More severely impaired GLS was observed in patients with higher disease activity, high-risk antiphospholipid antibody (aPL) profile, or renal involvement. The PSD was increased in patients with higher disease activity or a high-risk aPL profile. Correlational analysis showed that GLS at three layers and PSD correlated with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels (whole GLS: r=0.662, P<0.001; endocardial GLS: r=0.637, P<0.001; epicardial GLS: r=0.658, P<0.001; PSD: r=0.390, P=0.021). PSD correlated with epicardial GLS (r=0.360, P=0.047), when treating the hsCRP level, renal involvement, aPL profile, and disease activity as control variables. Multivariate regression showed the hsCRP level and epicardial GLS were predictors of layer-specific GLS impairment and elevated PSD, respectively. Conclusions Drug-naive patients with new-onset SLE are likely to have subclinical GLS impairment and left ventricular dyssynchrony, even in the presence of normal LVEF. SLE-related risk factors are associated with these dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Luo
- Department of Echocardiography, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Ermei Yu
- Department of Echocardiography, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Chenglong Fang
- Department of Rheumatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, China
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Daamen AR, Bachali P, Owen KA, Kingsmore KM, Hubbard EL, Labonte AC, Robl R, Shrotri S, Grammer AC, Lipsky PE. Comprehensive transcriptomic analysis of COVID-19 blood, lung, and airway. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7052. [PMID: 33782412 PMCID: PMC8007747 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86002-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV2 is a previously uncharacterized coronavirus and causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic. The host response to SARS-CoV2 has not yet been fully delineated, hampering a precise approach to therapy. To address this, we carried out a comprehensive analysis of gene expression data from the blood, lung, and airway of COVID-19 patients. Our results indicate that COVID-19 pathogenesis is driven by populations of myeloid-lineage cells with highly inflammatory but distinct transcriptional signatures in each compartment. The relative absence of cytotoxic cells in the lung suggests a model in which delayed clearance of the virus may permit exaggerated myeloid cell activation that contributes to disease pathogenesis by the production of inflammatory mediators. The gene expression profiles also identify potential therapeutic targets that could be modified with available drugs. The data suggest that transcriptomic profiling can provide an understanding of the pathogenesis of COVID-19 in individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Robert Robl
- AMPEL BioSolutions LLC, Charlottesville, VA, 22902, USA
| | - Sneha Shrotri
- AMPEL BioSolutions LLC, Charlottesville, VA, 22902, USA
| | | | - Peter E Lipsky
- AMPEL BioSolutions LLC, Charlottesville, VA, 22902, USA.
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Jung R, Wild J, Ringen J, Karbach S, Wenzel P. Innate Immune Mechanisms of Arterial Hypertension and Autoimmune Disease. Am J Hypertens 2021; 34:143-153. [PMID: 32930786 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpaa145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system is indispensable in the development of vascular dysfunction and hypertension. The interplay between immune cells and the vasculature, kidneys, heart, and blood pressure regulating nuclei in the central nervous system results in a complex and closely interwoven relationship of the immune system with arterial hypertension. A better understanding of this interplay is necessary for optimized and individualized antihypertensive therapy. Our review article focuses on innate cells in hypertension and to what extent they impact on development and preservation of elevated blood pressure. Moreover, we address the association of hypertension with chronic autoimmune diseases. The latter are ideally suited to learn about immune-mediated mechanisms in cardiovascular disease leading to high blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Jung
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Johannes Wild
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Julia Ringen
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Susanne Karbach
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Rhine-Main, Germany
| | - Philip Wenzel
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), partner site Rhine-Main, Germany
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Liu Y, Luo S, Zhan Y, Wang J, Zhao R, Li Y, Zeng J, Lu Q. Increased Expression of PPAR-γ Modulates Monocytes Into a M2-Like Phenotype in SLE Patients: An Implicative Protective Mechanism and Potential Therapeutic Strategy of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Front Immunol 2021; 11:579372. [PMID: 33584646 PMCID: PMC7873911 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.579372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a spectrum of autoimmune disorders characterized by continuous inflammation and the production of autoantibodies. Monocytes, as precursors of dendritic cells and macrophages, are involved in the pathogenesis of SLE, particularly in the inflammatory reactions. Previous studies have proved that Pam3CSK4, as a synthetic ligand of TLR2, could stimulate monocytes to differentiated into a M2-like phenotype which presented immunosuppressive functions. However, the underlying mechanisms remain to be further studied. Here, we reported an increased expression of PPAR-γ in the CD14+ monocytes from SLE patients, particularly in the treated group of SLE patients and the group with positive anti-dsDNA antibodies. Additionally, PPAR-γ expression decreased in the SLE patients with skin lesion. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Pam3CSK4 stimulation can decrease the expression of CCR7, CD80, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, and NF-κB which were related to the M1-like subset of monocytes and increased the expression of ARG1 which was related to the M2-like subset through upregulated PPAR-γ expression and consequently downregulated NF-κB expression in the CD14+ monocytes in a time-dependent manner. ChIP-qPCR results further demonstrated that Pam3CSK4 pretreatment could modulate PPAR-γ expression by regulating histone modification through the inhibition of Sirt1 binding to the PPAR-γ promoter. Taken together, our study indicated a protective role of TLR2/Sirt1/PPAR-γ pathway in the pathogenesis of SLE which provided potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Changsha, China
| | - Shuangyan Luo
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Zhan
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Changsha, China
| | - Jiayu Wang
- Xiangya Medical School of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Xiangya Medical School of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yingjie Li
- Xiangya Medical School of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinrong Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qianjin Lu
- Department of Dermatology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Changsha, China
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Owen KA, Price A, Ainsworth H, Aidukaitis BN, Bachali P, Catalina MD, Dittman JM, Howard TD, Kingsmore KM, Labonte AC, Marion MC, Robl RD, Zimmerman KD, Langefeld CD, Grammer AC, Lipsky PE. Analysis of Trans-Ancestral SLE Risk Loci Identifies Unique Biologic Networks and Drug Targets in African and European Ancestries. Am J Hum Genet 2020; 107:864-881. [PMID: 33031749 PMCID: PMC7675009 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multi-organ autoimmune disorder with a prominent genetic component. Individuals of African ancestry (AA) experience the disease more severely and with an increased co-morbidity burden compared to European ancestry (EA) populations. We hypothesize that the disparities in disease prevalence, activity, and response to standard medications between AA and EA populations is partially conferred by genomic influences on biological pathways. To address this, we applied a comprehensive approach to identify all genes predicted from SNP-associated risk loci detected with the Immunochip. By combining genes predicted via eQTL analysis, as well as those predicted from base-pair changes in intergenic enhancer sites, coding-region variants, and SNP-gene proximity, we were able to identify 1,731 potential ancestry-specific and trans-ancestry genetic drivers of SLE. Gene associations were linked to upstream and downstream regulators using connectivity mapping, and predicted biological pathways were mined for candidate drug targets. Examination of trans-ancestral pathways reflect the well-defined role for interferons in SLE and revealed pathways associated with tissue repair and remodeling. EA-dominant genetic drivers were more often associated with innate immune and myeloid cell function pathways, whereas AA-dominant pathways mirror clinical findings in AA subjects, suggesting disease progression is driven by aberrant B cell activity accompanied by ER stress and metabolic dysfunction. Finally, potential ancestry-specific and non-specific drug candidates were identified. The integration of all SLE SNP-predicted genes into functional pathways revealed critical molecular pathways representative of each population, underscoring the influence of ancestry on disease mechanism and also providing key insight for therapeutic selection.
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MESH Headings
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- B-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Black People
- Bortezomib/therapeutic use
- DNA, Intergenic/genetics
- DNA, Intergenic/immunology
- Enhancer Elements, Genetic
- Gene Expression
- Gene Ontology
- Gene Regulatory Networks
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Genome, Human
- Genome-Wide Association Study
- Heterocyclic Compounds/therapeutic use
- Humans
- Interferons/genetics
- Interferons/immunology
- Isoquinolines/therapeutic use
- Lactams
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/drug therapy
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/ethnology
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/genetics
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/immunology
- Molecular Sequence Annotation
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Protein Array Analysis
- Quantitative Trait Loci
- Quantitative Trait, Heritable
- White People
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew Price
- AMPEL BioSolutions LLC, Charlottesville, VA 22902, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Robert D Robl
- AMPEL BioSolutions LLC, Charlottesville, VA 22902, USA
| | - Kip D Zimmerman
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
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Hachim D, LoPresti ST, Rege RD, Umeda Y, Iftikhar A, Nolfi AL, Skillen CD, Brown BN. Distinct macrophage populations and phenotypes associated with IL-4 mediated immunomodulation at the host implant interface. Biomater Sci 2020; 8:5751-5762. [PMID: 32945303 PMCID: PMC7641101 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm00568a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The host macrophage response to implants has shown to be affected by tissue location and physio-pathological conditions of the patient. Success in immunomodulatory strategies is thus predicated on the proper understanding of the macrophage populations participating on each one of these contexts. The present study uses an in vivo implantation model to analyze how immunomodulation via an IL-4 eluting implant affects distinct macrophage populations at the tissue-implant interface and how this may affect downstream regenerative processes. Populations identified as F4/80+, CD68+ and CD11b+ macrophages at the peri-implant space showed distinct susceptibility to polarize towards an M2-like phenotype under the effects of delivered IL-4. Also, the presence of the coating resulted in a significant reduction in F4/80+ macrophages, while other populations remained unchanged. These results suggests that the F4/80+ macrophage population may be predominant in the early stages of the host response at the surface of these implants, in contrast to CD11b+ macrophage populations which were either fewer in number or located more distant from the implant surface. Gene expression assays showed increased proteolytic activity and diminished matrix deposition as possible mechanisms explaining the decreased fibrotic capsule deposition and improved peri-implant tissue quality shown in previous studies using IL-4 eluting coatings. The pattern of M2-like gene expression promoted by IL-4 was correlated with glycosaminoglycan production within the site of implantation at early stages of the host response, suggesting a significant role in this response. These findings demonstrate that immunomodulatory strategies can be utilized to design and implement targeted delivery for improving biomaterial performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hachim
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 300, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA.
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Analysis of gene expression from systemic lupus erythematosus synovium reveals myeloid cell-driven pathogenesis of lupus arthritis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17361. [PMID: 33060686 PMCID: PMC7562741 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74391-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Arthritis is a common manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) yet understanding of the underlying pathogenic mechanisms remains incomplete. We, therefore, interrogated gene expression profiles of SLE synovium to gain insight into the nature of lupus arthritis (LA), using osteoarthritis (OA) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) as comparators. Knee synovia from SLE, OA, and RA patients were analyzed for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and also by Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) to identify modules of highly co-expressed genes. Genes upregulated and/or co-expressed in LA revealed numerous immune/inflammatory cells dominated by a myeloid phenotype, in which pathogenic macrophages, myeloid-lineage cells, and their secreted products perpetuate inflammation, whereas OA was characterized by fibroblasts and RA of lymphocytes. Genes governing trafficking of immune cells into the synovium by chemokines were identified, but not in situ generation of germinal centers (GCs). Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA) confirmed activation of specific immune cell types in LA. Numerous therapies were predicted to target LA, including TNF, NFκB, MAPK, and CDK inhibitors. Detailed gene expression analysis identified a unique pattern of cellular components and physiologic pathways operative in LA, as well as drugs potentially able to target this common manifestation of SLE.
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49
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Watanabe Y, Saitou M, Yamamoto T. Lupus miliaris disseminatum faciei in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjögren's syndrome. J Dermatol 2020; 48:110-113. [PMID: 32920895 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.15607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We herein report a rare case of lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei on the chin and neck in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjögren's syndrome. Histopathological features showed focal aggregates of epithelioid granulomas accompanied by mononuclear cell infiltration in the upper dermis. Immunohistological examination showed enhanced expression of CD68 and CD163. Recent findings have implicated a key role of innate immunity in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus, and alteration in M1 and M2 macrophage profile has been suggested. Increased expression of CD163 in the affected skin and other organs, and elevated serum levels of soluble CD163, are reported in systemic lupus erythematosus. Our results may suggest that activated M2 macrophages participated in the induction of lupus miliaris disseminatus faciei in a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus and Sjögren's syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukina Watanabe
- Department of Dermatology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Marumi Saitou
- Department of Dermatology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Yamamoto
- Department of Dermatology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
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50
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Catalina MD, Bachali P, Yeo AE, Geraci NS, Petri MA, Grammer AC, Lipsky PE. Patient ancestry significantly contributes to molecular heterogeneity of systemic lupus erythematosus. JCI Insight 2020; 5:140380. [PMID: 32759501 PMCID: PMC7455079 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.140380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene expression signatures can stratify patients with heterogeneous diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), yet understanding the contributions of ancestral background to this heterogeneity is not well understood. We hypothesized that ancestry would significantly influence gene expression signatures and measured 34 gene modules in 1566 SLE patients of African ancestry (AA), European ancestry (EA), or Native American ancestry (NAA). Healthy subject ancestry-specific gene expression provided the transcriptomic background upon which the SLE patient signatures were built. Although standard therapy affected every gene signature and significantly increased myeloid cell signatures, logistic regression analysis determined that ancestral background significantly changed 23 of 34 gene signatures. Additionally, the strongest association to gene expression changes was found with autoantibodies, and this also had etiology in ancestry: the AA predisposition to have both RNP and dsDNA autoantibodies compared with EA predisposition to have only anti-dsDNA. A machine learning approach was used to determine a gene signature characteristic to distinguish AA SLE and was most influenced by genes characteristic of the perturbed B cell axis in AA SLE patients. Transcriptional profiling of lupus patients and healthy controls reveals ancestry-related differences and transcriptional heterogeneity among lupus patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle D Catalina
- AMPEL BioSolutions LLC & RILITE Research Institute, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.,EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Billerica, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Prathyusha Bachali
- AMPEL BioSolutions LLC & RILITE Research Institute, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Nicholas S Geraci
- AMPEL BioSolutions LLC & RILITE Research Institute, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Michelle A Petri
- Division of Rheumatology, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Amrie C Grammer
- AMPEL BioSolutions LLC & RILITE Research Institute, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Peter E Lipsky
- AMPEL BioSolutions LLC & RILITE Research Institute, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
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