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Spadar A, Collins E, Messenger LA, Clark TG, Campino S. Uncovering the genetic diversity in Aedes aegypti insecticide resistance genes through global comparative genomics. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13447. [PMID: 38862628 PMCID: PMC11166649 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-64007-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Aedes aegypti is vector of many arboviruses including Zika, dengue, yellow fever, West Nile, and Chikungunya. Its control efforts are hampered by widespread insecticide resistance reported in the Americas and Asia, while data from Africa is more limited. Here we use publicly available 729 Ae. aegypti whole-genome sequencing samples from 15 countries, including nine in Africa, to investigate the genetic diversity in four insecticide resistance linked genes: ace-1, GSTe2, rdl and vgsc. Apart from vgsc, the other genes have been less investigated in Ae. aegypti, and almost no genetic diversity information is available. Among the four genes, we identified 1,829 genetic variants including 474 non-synonymous substitutions, some of which have been previously documented, as well as putative copy number variations in GSTe2 and vgsc. Global insecticide resistance phenotypic data demonstrated variable resistance in geographic areas with resistant genotypes. Overall, our work provides the first global catalogue and geographic distribution of known and new amino-acid mutations and duplications that can be used to guide the identification of resistance drivers in Ae. aegypti and thereby support monitoring efforts and strategies for vector control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Spadar
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Emma Collins
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Louisa A Messenger
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
- Parasitology and Vector Biology Laboratory (UNLV PARAVEC Lab), School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Taane G Clark
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Susana Campino
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Department of Infection Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
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Noaman K, Abuelmaali SA, Elnour MAB, Korti M, Ageep T, Baleela RMH. First detection of F1534C kdr insecticide resistance mutation in Aedes aegypti in Sudan. Parasitol Res 2024; 123:178. [PMID: 38578300 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08194-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Kheder Noaman
- Tropical Medicine Research Institute, National Center for Research, P.O. Box 1304, Khartoum, 11111, Sudan
| | - Sara A Abuelmaali
- National Public Health Laboratory, Federal Ministry of Health, Khartoum, Sudan.
| | - Mohamed-Ahmed B Elnour
- Tropical Medicine Research Institute, National Center for Research, P.O. Box 1304, Khartoum, 11111, Sudan
| | - Mohammed Korti
- Tropical Medicine Research Institute, National Center for Research, P.O. Box 1304, Khartoum, 11111, Sudan
| | - Tellal Ageep
- Tropical Medicine Research Institute, National Center for Research, P.O. Box 1304, Khartoum, 11111, Sudan
| | - Rania M H Baleela
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
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Murray HL, Hribar LJ. Resistance and inhibitor testing on Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) (Culicidae: Diptera) populations in the Florida Keys. JOURNAL OF VECTOR ECOLOGY : JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR VECTOR ECOLOGY 2023; 49:53-63. [PMID: 38147301 DOI: 10.52707/1081-1710-49.1.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti is the species of greatest concern for mosquito-borne disease in the Florida Keys. Previous locally transmitted dengue outbreaks in Key West (2009-2010) and Key Largo (2020) illustrate the need for an immediate and effective response plan to maintain Ae. aegypti populations below threshold levels. An important part of the Florida Keys Mosquito Control District's vector response plan is adulticide application because it can provide an immediate reduction in Ae. aegypti adults in the community. It has become apparent that in the Florida Keys, and throughout Florida, Ae. aegypti resistance to the adulticide permethrin is prevalent. This study uses the CDC bottle bioassay method to look at resistance in Ae. aegypti collected from Key Largo, Vaca Key, and Key West, FL. Resistance was found in all three populations when exposed to permethrin and Sumithrin® but not malathion. Inhibitor testing revealed that esterase and glutathione transferase activity is involved in resistance to permethrin in Key Largo and Key West Ae. aegypti populations while oxidase activity is involved in resistance to permethrin in Ae. aegypti from Vaca Key. Lack of knockdown at the diagnostic time and previous studies detecting the presence of kdr-associated allele mutations suggest knockdown resistance in all three populations. Results from this study show that there are multiple factors involved with resistance in the Ae. aegypti populations in the Florida Keys and that resistance mechanisms vary between islands. Continued surveillance will remain important so the most effective active ingredients can be used in response to future disease transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi L Murray
- Florida Keys Mosquito Control District, Marathon, FL 33050, U.S.A.,
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Estep A, Kissoon K, Saldana M, Fredregill C. Persistent variation in insecticide resistance intensity in container breeding Aedes (Diptera: Culicidae) co-collected in Houston, TX. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2023:7175077. [PMID: 37210592 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjad051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
As observed in many locations worldwide, resistance to pyrethroids is common in Aedes aegypti (L.) in the southern United States and northern Mexico. Strong resistance in Aedes albopictus (Skuse) is less common and is not as well characterized. These 2 species have been undergoing range expansion and are sympatric in many locations including Houston, Texas. They are often collected from the same locations and lay eggs in the same larval habitats. In this study, we colonized both Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus from 4 locations in Houston and characterized insecticide resistance using permethrin as a model pyrethroid. We found differences in resistance intensity between the species at all 4 sites. Within the Ae. aegypti, resistance ratios ranged from 3.5- to 30.0-fold when compared to the ORL1952 laboratory susceptible strain. Expression of several P450s was higher than in the ORL1952 strain, but the pattern was similar between the field strains of Ae. aegypti. Higher resistance ratios did correlate with increasing percentages of the dilocus knockdown resistance (kdr) genotype. In contrast, Ae. albopictus from the 4 locations all had very low resistance ratios (<4-fold) when compared to the same laboratory susceptible strain. Five years later, we performed additional collections and characterization from the most resistant location to assess the temporal persistence of this difference in resistance between the species. The same pattern of high resistance in Ae. aegypti and low resistance in sympatric Ae. albopictus remained 5 yr later and this may have implications for operational efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alden Estep
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, 1700 SW 23rd Drive, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Kimberley Kissoon
- Harris County Public Health & Environmental Services, Mosquito Control Division, 3300 Spanish Trail, Suite D, Houston, TX 77021, USA
| | - Miguel Saldana
- Harris County Public Health & Environmental Services, Mosquito Control Division, 3300 Spanish Trail, Suite D, Houston, TX 77021, USA
| | - Chris Fredregill
- Harris County Public Health & Environmental Services, Mosquito Control Division, 3300 Spanish Trail, Suite D, Houston, TX 77021, USA
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Asgarian TS, Vatandoost H, Hanafi-Bojd AA, Nikpoor F. Worldwide Status of Insecticide Resistance of Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus, Vectors of Arboviruses of Chikungunya, Dengue, Zika and Yellow Fever. J Arthropod Borne Dis 2023; 17:1-27. [PMID: 37609563 PMCID: PMC10440498 DOI: 10.18502/jad.v17i1.13198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Controlling of Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus, vectors of five important mosquito-borne diseases, is known as the most effective method to prevent the transmission of arboviruses to humans, but the emergence of insecticide resistance is threat for control and prevention of vector borne diseases. A better understanding of mosquito resistance to insecticides will help to develop more effective methods to control insecticide resistance in mosquito vectors. Methods Worldwide geographical distribution of insecticide resistance in Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus by the available papers and map of the data for carbamates, organochlorines, organophosphates, pyrethroids, microbial and insect growth regulator insecticides were reviewed. Article data published up to December 2022 were investigated by searching the following databases: "Google Scholar", "PubMed", "Scopus", "SID" and "Web of Knowledge". Results The results showed that the susceptibility and resistance status of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus to insecticides in the world is very diverse. Conclusion Due to the importance of Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus in the transmission of mosquito-borne arboviruses, resistance management should be given more attention worldwide to prevent insecticide resistance in the arbovirus vector and replace the new approach for vector control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Sadat Asgarian
- Department of Vector Biology and Control of Diseases, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Vatandoost
- Department of Vector Biology and Control of Diseases, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Chemical Pollutants and Pesticides, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ali Hanafi-Bojd
- Department of Vector Biology and Control of Diseases, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Chemical Pollutants and Pesticides, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Nikpoor
- Department of Chemical Pollutants and Pesticides, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Pinch M, Bendzus-Mendoza H, Hansen IA. Transcriptomics analysis of ethanol treatment of male Aedes aegypti reveals a small set of putative radioprotective genes. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1120408. [PMID: 36793417 PMCID: PMC9922702 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1120408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) is based on releasing sterilized male insects into wild insect populations to compete for mating with wild females. Wild females mated with sterile males will produce inviable eggs, leading to a decline in population of that insect species. Sterilization with ionizing radiation (x-rays) is a commonly used mechanism for sterilization of males. Since irradiation can cause damage to both, somatic and germ cells, and can severely reduce the competitiveness of sterilized males relative to wild males, means to minimize the detrimental effects of radiation are required to produce sterile, competitive males for release. In an earlier study, we identified ethanol as a functional radioprotector in mosquitoes. Methods: Here, we used Illumina RNA-seq to profile changes in gene expression of male Aedes aegypti mosquitoes fed on 5% ethanol for 48 hours prior to receiving a sterilizing x-ray dose, compared to males fed on water prior to sterilization. Results: RNA-seq revealed a robust activation of DNA repair genes in both ethanol-fed and water-fed males after irradiation, but surprisingly few differences in gene expression between ethanol-fed and water-fed males regardless of radiation treatment. Discussion: While differences in gene expression due to ethanol exposure were minimal, we identified a small group of genes that may prime ethanol-fed mosquitoes for improved survivability in response to sterilizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Pinch
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
| | - Harley Bendzus-Mendoza
- Department of Computer Science, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
| | - Immo A. Hansen
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States
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de Oliveira Barbosa Bitencourt R, Corrêa TA, Santos-Mallet J, Santos HA, Lowenberger C, Moreira HVS, Gôlo PS, Bittencourt VREP, da Costa Angelo I. Beauveria bassiana interacts with gut and hemocytes to manipulate Aedes aegypti immunity. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:17. [PMID: 36650591 PMCID: PMC9847134 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05655-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mosquito-borne diseases affect millions of people. Chemical insecticides are currently employed against mosquitoes. However, many cases of insecticide resistance have been reported. Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) have demonstrated potential as a bioinsecticide. Here, we assessed the invasion of the EPF Beauveria bassiana into Aedes aegypti larvae and changes in the activity of phenoloxidase (PO) as a proxy for the general activation of the insect innate immune system. In addition, other cellular and humoral responses were evaluated. METHODS Larvae were exposed to blastospores or conidia of B. bassiana CG 206. After 24 and 48 h, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was conducted on the larvae. The hemolymph was collected to determine changes in total hemocyte concentration (THC), the dynamics of hemocytes, and to observe hemocyte-fungus interactions. In addition, the larvae were macerated to assess the activity of PO using L-DOPA conversion, and the expression of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) was measured using quantitative Real-Time PCR. RESULTS Propagules invaded mosquitoes through the midgut, and blastopores were detected inside the hemocoel. Both propagules decreased the THC regardless of the time. By 24 h after exposure to conidia the percentage of granulocytes and oenocytoids increased while the prohemocytes decreased. By 48 h, the oenocytoid percentage increased significantly (P < 0.05) in larvae exposed to blastospores; however, the other hemocyte types did not change significantly. Regardless of the time, SEM revealed hemocytes adhering to, and nodulating, blastospores. For the larvae exposed to conidia, these interactions were observed only at 48 h. Irrespective of the propagule, the PO activity increased only at 48 h. At 24 h, cathepsin B was upregulated by infection with conidia, whereas both propagules resulted in a downregulation of cecropin and defensin A. At 48 h, blastospores and conidia increased the expression of defensin A suggesting this may be an essential AMP against EPF. CONCLUSION By 24 h, B. bassiana CG 206 occluded the midgut, reduced THC, did not stimulate PO activity, and downregulated AMP expression in larvae, all of which allowed the fungus to impair the larvae to facilitate infection. Our data reports a complex interplay between Ae. aegypti larvae and B. bassiana CG 206 demonstrating how this fungus can infect, affect, and kill Ae. aegypti larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo de Oliveira Barbosa Bitencourt
- grid.412391.c0000 0001 1523 2582Graduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ Brazil
| | - Thaís Almeida Corrêa
- grid.412391.c0000 0001 1523 2582Graduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ Brazil
| | - Jacenir Santos-Mallet
- grid.418068.30000 0001 0723 0931Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, IOC-FIOCRUZ-RJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil ,FIOCRUZ-PI, Teresina, Piauí Brazil ,grid.441915.c0000 0004 0501 3011Iguaçu University-UNIG, Nova Iguaçu, RJ Brazil
| | - Huarrison Azevedo Santos
- grid.412391.c0000 0001 1523 2582Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ Brazil
| | - Carl Lowenberger
- grid.61971.380000 0004 1936 7494Centre for Cell Biology, Development and Disease, Department of Biological Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Haika Victória Sales Moreira
- grid.412391.c0000 0001 1523 2582Graduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ Brazil
| | - Patrícia Silva Gôlo
- grid.412391.c0000 0001 1523 2582Department of Animal Parasitology, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ Brazil
| | - Vânia Rita Elias Pinheiro Bittencourt
- grid.412391.c0000 0001 1523 2582Department of Animal Parasitology, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ Brazil
| | - Isabele da Costa Angelo
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, RJ, Brazil.
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Martinez NP, Pinch M, Kandel Y, Hansen IA. Knockdown of the Sodium/Potassium ATPase Subunit Beta 2 Reduces Egg Production in the Dengue Vector, Aedes aegypti. INSECTS 2023; 14:50. [PMID: 36661978 PMCID: PMC9862990 DOI: 10.3390/insects14010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The Na+/K+ ATPase (NKA) is present in the cellular membrane of most eukaryotic cells. It utilizes energy released by ATP hydrolysis to pump sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions into the cell, which establishes and controls ion gradients. Functional NKA pumps consist of three subunits, alpha, beta, and FXYD. The alpha subunit serves as the catalytic subunit while the beta and FXYD subunits regulate the proper folding and localization, and ion affinity of the alpha subunit, respectively. Here we demonstrate that knockdown of NKA beta subunit 2 mRNA (nkaβ2) reduces fecundity in female Ae. aegypti. We determined the expression pattern of nkaβ2 in several adult mosquito organs using qRT-PCR. We performed RNAi-mediated knockdown of nkaβ2 and assayed for lethality, and effects on female fecundity. Tissue expression levels of nkaβ2 mRNA were highest in the ovaries with the fat body, midgut and thorax having similar expression levels, while Malpighian tubules had significantly lower expression. Survival curves recorded post dsRNA injection showed a non-significant decrease in survival of nkaβ2 dsRNA-injected mosquitoes compared to GFP dsRNA-injected mosquitoes. We observed a significant reduction in the number of eggs laid by nkaβ2 dsRNA-injected mosquitoes compared to control mosquitoes. These results, coupled with the tissue expression profile of nkaβ2, indicate that this subunit plays a role in normal female Ae. aegypti fecundity. Additional research needs to be conducted to determine the exact role played by NKAβ2 in mosquito post-blood meal nutrient sensing, transport, yolk precursor protein (YPP) synthesis and yolk deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan P. Martinez
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA
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Ahmed M, Nath NS, Hugo LE, Devine GJ, Macdonald J, Pollak NM. Rapid detection of kdr mutation F1534C in Aedes aegypti using recombinase polymerase amplification and lateral flow dipsticks. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 187:105209. [PMID: 36127073 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2022.105209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Insecticide resistance monitoring is essential in assessing the efficacy of vector control measures. However, gold standard PCR-based molecular analyses for insecticide resistance detection are often hindered by time-consuming sample processing, as well as considerable infrastructure and resourcing requirements. In this study, we combined a novel one-step sample preparation reagent with a rapid isothermal molecular test that detects a knock down resistance (kdr) mutation (F1534C) that enables pyrethroid resistance in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. We trialled the rapid F1534C pyrethroid resistance test using insecticide resistant Ae. aegypti mosquito bodies and compared results to a conventional, allele-specific quantitative PCR (AS-qPCR) coupled with melt curve genotyping in corresponding mosquito heads. From a strain of Ae. aegypti established from an insecticide resistant population in Merida, Mexico (n = 27), all the mosquito bodies (n = 27) tested positive with the rapid F1534C test regardless of whether they were homozygous or heterozygous. To assess diagnostic test specificity, we confirmed that F1534 was not detected in laboratory-reared, fully susceptible Ae. aegypti mosquito bodies (n = 28) using the rapid F1534C test or the conventional AS-qPCR melt curve analysis. All corresponding mosquito heads (n = 28) were homozygous wild-type FF1534. The rapid F1534C test thus demonstrated 100% diagnostic sensitivity (95% CI: 87.23% to 100%) and 100% diagnostic specificity (95% CI: 87.66% to 100.00%) for detection of the F1534C pyrethroid resistant single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in both heterozygous and homozygous Ae. aegypti. In the collection of mutant mosquitoes from Mexico, CC1534 homozygous mutants occurred at a frequency of 74.1% (n = 20) and FC heterozygous mutants at a frequency of 25.9% (n = 7). The rapid F1534C test significantly reduced the sample processing and testing time from approximately 6 h for the AS-qPCR melt curve analysis to only 25 min. These results demonstrate significant potential for our approach to resistance testing as a field-based, low-resource, rapid alternative to time-consuming and expensive laboratory-based detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeeha Ahmed
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4556, Australia; School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4556, Australia.
| | - Nisa Suraj Nath
- Mosquito Control Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, 4006 Herston, QLD, Australia.
| | - Leon E Hugo
- Mosquito Control Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, 4006 Herston, QLD, Australia.
| | - Gregor J Devine
- Mosquito Control Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, 4006 Herston, QLD, Australia.
| | - Joanne Macdonald
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4556, Australia; School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4556, Australia.
| | - Nina M Pollak
- Centre for Bioinnovation, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4556, Australia; School of Science and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sippy Downs, QLD 4556, Australia.
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Tantawy AH, Farag SM, Abdel-Haleem DR, Mohamed HI. Facile synthesis, larvicidal activity, biological effects, and molecular docking of sulfonamide-incorporating quaternary ammonium iodides as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors against Culex pipiens L. Bioorg Chem 2022; 128:106098. [PMID: 35987189 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Insecticides participate with a vital role in our lives especially in preventing the spread of human diseases via controlling the dangerous pests. It is a challenge to identify alternatives to the ordinary insecticides with new mode of action to be used for mosquitoes' control in an environmentally sustainable manner. Using a facile two-step procedure, three novel series of sulfonamide-incorporating quaternary ammonium iodides (3a-i, 4a-i and 5a-i) were synthesized and their chemical structures were successfully characterized. The uncharged sulfonamide intermediates (2a-i) were constructed through simple amidation of the corresponding (hetero)aryl sulfonyl chlorides then the cationic target molecules were formed by quaternizing the tertiary nitrogen with methyl, ethyl, and allyl iodides. The larvicidal activities and biological effects of most synthesized compounds against Culex pipiens L. were extensively investigated and they exhibited good and comparable activities to temephos. Among these hybrids, 4a showed the most potent activity with LC50 = 26.71 ppm. Additionally, the developmental durations of larval and pupal stages were significantly prolonged after treatment with all concentrations of 4h. At high concentration (160 ppm) of 4a and 4b, no adults emerged due to the complete death of pupae, and consequently zero growth index. Moreover, the results of the molecular docking demonstrated that the activities of compounds correlate partially to their binding with acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and it is not the sole parameter for determining the activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H Tantawy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt.
| | - Shaimaa M Farag
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Doaa R Abdel-Haleem
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Hany I Mohamed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha 13518, Egypt
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Almadiy AA, Nenaah GE. Essential oil of Origanum vulgare, its nanoemulsion and bioactive monoterpenes as eco-friendly novel green pesticides for controlling Aedes aegypti, the common vector of Dengue virus. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2022.2091673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrhman A. Almadiy
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gomah E. Nenaah
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
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Jiménez-Alejo A, Pacheco-Soriano AL, Liedo P, Marina CF, Bond JG, Rodríguez-Ramos JC, Valle J, Dor A. Acceptance of a Sterile Male Releases Pilot Project to Reduce Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) (Diptera: Culicidae) Populations and Its Associated Factors: A Community-based Cross-sectional Survey in South Chiapas, Mexico. Acta Trop 2022; 233:106573. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Mostafiz MM, Ryu J, Akintola AA, Choi KS, Hwang UW, Hassan E, Lee KY. Larvicidal Activity of Methyl Benzoate, a Volatile Organic Compound, Against the Mosquitoes Aedes albopictus and Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae). JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 59:788-794. [PMID: 35043202 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjab230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Methyl benzoate (MBe) is a volatile organic molecule found in various plants; it is used as an insect semiochemical. MBe also has a biorational insecticidal effect against various agricultural and urban arthropod pests. The present study was the first to assess the larvicidal potential of MBe against fourth-instar larvae of the mosquitoes Aedes albopictus (Skuse) and Culex pipiens (L.). A positive association was observed between MBe concentrations and larval mortality in both the species. The highest mortality recorded was 100% for Ae. albopictus and 56% for Cx. pipiens after 24 h of exposure to 200 ppm MBe. The lethal median concentration (LC50) values of MBe against fourth-instar larvae of Ae. albopictus and Cx. pipiens were 61 ppm and 185 ppm, respectively. These results suggest that MBe has great potential for use as an environmentally friendly larvicidal agent for mosquito control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Munir Mostafiz
- Division of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jihun Ryu
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | | | - Kwang Shik Choi
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Research Institute for Dok-do and Ulleung-do Island, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ui Wook Hwang
- Biomedical Convergence Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Errol Hassan
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland Gatton, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kyeong-Yeoll Lee
- Division of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Research Institute for Dok-do and Ulleung-do Island, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
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Lesmana SD, Maryanti E, Susanty E, Afandi D, Harmas W, Octaviani DN, Zulkarnain I, Pratama MAB, Mislindawati M. Organophosphate Resistance in Aedes aegypti: Study from Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Endemic Subdistrict in Riau, Indonesia. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 10:589-596. [PMID: 35291608 PMCID: PMC8903369 DOI: 10.52547/rbmb.10.4.589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is a significant health problem. The high number of cases requires preventions, including controlling the dengue vector, Aedes aegypti mosquito. One of the control methods is the use of insecticides containing organophosphate. This study aims to detect organophosphate resistance in Aedes aegypti from DHF endemic subdistrict, Riau, Indonesia by a sensitivity test of temephos and 5% malathion and measuring the activity of non-specific alpha and beta esterase enzymes. METHODS This observational study determined Aedes aegypti resistance from larvae to adult in one DHF endemic subdistrict in Riau, Indonesia. The bioassay was used for temephos sensitivity of Aedes aegypti larvae. The LC99 value was analyzed using probit and compared with the diagnostic value from WHO. The WHO susceptibility test was conducted to determine 5% malathion resistance from adult mosquitoes. The mortality of less than 90% was declared as resistant. Measurement of alpha and beta esterase levels used Lee's microplate assay technique based on visual identification and absorbance value (AV). RESULTS The results showed that Aedes aegypti were resistant to temephos. It also showed that adult mosquitoes were resistant to 5% malathion. Based on the alpha esterase activity test, it was found that most of the mosquitoes showed very sensitive meanwhile, based on the beta esterase activity test, most of the mosquitoes were moderate resistance. CONCLUSION This study suggests that Aedes aegypti population from DHF endemic subdistrict in Riau, Indonesia are indicated to develop resistance to organophosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suri Dwi Lesmana
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru, Indonesia.
| | - Esy Maryanti
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru, Indonesia.
| | - Elva Susanty
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru, Indonesia.
| | - Dedi Afandi
- Department of Forensic and Medicolegal, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru, Indonesia.
| | - Wida Harmas
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Riau, Pekanbaru, Indonesia.
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Granada Y, Mejía-Jaramillo AM, Zuluaga S, Triana-Chávez O. Molecular surveillance of resistance to pyrethroids insecticides in Colombian Aedes aegypti populations. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0010001. [PMID: 34905537 PMCID: PMC8735628 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction In Colombia, organochloride, organophosphate, carbamate, and pyrethroid insecticides are broadly used to control Aedes aegypti populations. However, Colombian mosquito populations have shown variability in their susceptibility profiles to these insecticides, with some expressing high resistance levels. Materials and methods In this study, we analyzed the susceptibility status of ten Colombian field populations of Ae. aegypti to two pyrethroids; permethrin (type-I pyrethroid) and lambda-cyhalothrin (type-II pyrethroid). In addition, we evaluated if mosquitoes pressured with increasing lambda-cyhalothrin concentrations during some filial generations exhibited altered allelic frequency of these kdr mutations and the activity levels of some metabolic enzymes. Results Mosquitoes from all field populations showed resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin and permethrin. We found that resistance profiles could only be partially explained by kdr mutations and altered enzymatic activities such as esterases and mixed-function oxidases, indicating that other yet unknown mechanisms could be involved. The molecular and biochemical analyses of the most pyrethroid-resistant mosquito population (Acacías) indicated that kdr mutations and altered metabolic enzyme activity are involved in the resistance phenotype expression. Conclusions In this context, we propose genetic surveillance of the mosquito populations to monitor the emergence of resistance as an excellent initiative to improve mosquito-borne disease control measures. The main method of preventing Aedes-borne diseases such as dengue, Zika, and chikungunya is by targeting the primary mosquito vector, Aedes aegypti, with insecticides. However, the success of these vector control strategies is jeopardized by the widespread development of insecticide resistance in mosquito populations. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms of insecticide resistance in Ae. aegypti are still not well understood, resulting in limited resistance mitigation and management strategies. In this paper, we found that resistance to some pyrethroid insecticides in different Colombian cities is associated with three allelic substitutions V419L, V1016I, and F1534C, on the voltage-gated sodium channel gene, known as kdr (‘knock-down resistance’) mutations, with all three mutations present in mosquitoes resistant to pyrethroids. The data also showed that kdr mutations are important in conferring low resistance levels, but after around 10-fold intensity, the allele frequencies don’t change, indicating that other mechanisms contribute to the resistance. Thus, we found that mosquitoes under selective pressure with insecticides present also altered enzymatic activities such as esterases and mixed-function oxidases, indicating that kdr mutations and metabolic enzymes are involved in the resistance expression. The findings on the extent of insecticide resistance and the molecular mechanisms underpinning the problem will impact the surveillance, selection, and rational use of insecticides by local health authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurany Granada
- Grupo Biología y Control de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Ana María Mejía-Jaramillo
- Grupo Biología y Control de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Sara Zuluaga
- Grupo Biología y Control de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellin, Colombia
| | - Omar Triana-Chávez
- Grupo Biología y Control de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellin, Colombia
- * E-mail:
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Nawaz S, Tahir HM, Asif Mahmood M, Summer M, Ali S, Ali A, Gormani AH. Current Status of Pyrethroids Resistance in Aedes aegypti (Culicidae: Diptera) in Lahore District, Pakistan: A Novel Mechanistic Insight. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 58:2432-2438. [PMID: 34343301 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjab137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) is a major vector responsible for dengue transmission. Insecticides are being used as the most effective tool to control vector populations in Lahore, Pakistan. Control of Ae. aegypti is threatened by the development of resistance against insecticides. The current status of insecticide resistance was evaluated against pyrethroids (deltamethrin, cypermethrin, and lambda-cyhalothrin) in different populations of Lahore (Model Town, Mishri Shah, Sadar Cantt, Walton, and Valencia). The susceptibility of the larval and adult populations was tested following the standard WHO guidelines. Moderate to high levels of resistance were found against pyrethroids in the larval (RR50: 3.6-27.2 and RR90: 5-90) and adult populations (percentage mortality < 98%). Biochemical assays revealed a statistically significant increase in the enzyme level in all field populations compared to the laboratory strain. The value of esterase was one-fold higher, monooxygenase was 3.9- to 4.7-fold higher, and glutathione S-transferases was 1.9- to 2.6-fold higher in field populations compared to the laboratory strain. These results depict the presence of resistance against deltamethrin, cypermethrin, and lambda-cyhalothrin in field populations of Lahore mediated by metabolic enzymes i.e. esterases, monooxygenases, and glutathione S-transferase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saira Nawaz
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Muhammad Summer
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shaukat Ali
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aamir Ali
- Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
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Hernandez JR, Longnecker M, Fredregill CL, Debboun M, Pietrantonio PV. Kdr genotyping (V1016I, F1534C) of the Nav channel of Aedes aegypti (L.) mosquito populations in Harris County (Houston), Texas, USA, after Permanone 31-66 field tests and its influence on probability of survival. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009833. [PMID: 34735439 PMCID: PMC8568202 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Aedes aegypti (L.) is an important mosquito vector of emerging arboviruses such as Zika, dengue, yellow fever, and chikungunya. To quell potential disease outbreaks, its populations are controlled by applying pyrethroid insecticides, which selection pressure may lead to the development of insecticide resistance. Target site insensitivity to pyrethroids caused by non-synonymous knockdown resistance (kdr) mutations in the voltage-gated sodium (NaV) channel is a predominant mechanism of resistance in mosquitoes. To evaluate the potential impact of pyrethroid resistance on vector control, Ae. aegypti eggs were collected from eight mosquito control operational areas in Harris County, Texas, and emerged females were treated in field tests at four different distances from the pyrethroid Permanone 31-66 source. The females were genotyped by melting curve analyses to detect two kdr mutations (V1016I and F1534C) in the NaV channel. Harris County females had higher survivorship rates at each distance than the pyrethroid-susceptible Orlando strain females. Survivorship increased with distance from the pyrethroid source, with 39% of field-collected mosquitoes surviving at 7.62 m and 82.3% at 22.86 m from the treatment source. Both the V1016I and F1534C pyrethroid resistant genotypes were widely distributed and at high frequency, with 77% of the females being double homozygous resistant (II/CC), this being the first report of kdr mutations in Ae. aegypti in Harris County. Analysis of the probability of survival for each mutation site independently indicated that the CC genotype had similar probability of survival as the FC heterozygous, while the II genotype had higher survival than both the VI and VV, that did not differ. The double homozygous resistant genotype (II/CC) had the highest probability of survival. A linear model estimated probability of survival for areas and genotypes. The high frequency and widespread distribution of double-homozygote pyrethroid-resistant Ae. aegypti may jeopardize disease vector control efforts in Harris County.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R. Hernandez
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Michael Longnecker
- Department of Statistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Chris L. Fredregill
- Harris County Public Health, Mosquito and Vector Control Division (HCPH-MVCD), Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Mustapha Debboun
- Harris County Public Health, Mosquito and Vector Control Division (HCPH-MVCD), Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Patricia V. Pietrantonio
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
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Muturi EJ, Dunlap C, Smartt CT, Shin D. Resistance to permethrin alters the gut microbiota of Aedes aegypti. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14406. [PMID: 34257327 PMCID: PMC8277819 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-93725-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Insecticide resistance has emerged as a persistent threat to the fight against vector-borne diseases. We compared the gut microbiota of permethrin-selected (PS) strain of Aedes aegypti relative to the parent (KW) strain from Key West, Florida. Bacterial richness but not diversity was significantly higher in PS strain compared to KW strain. The two mosquito strains also differed in their gut microbial composition. Cutibacterium spp., Corynebacterium spp., Citricoccus spp., Leucobacter spp., Acinetobacter spp., Dietzia spp., and Anaerococcus spp. were more abundant in PS strain than in KW strain. In contrast, Sphingomonas spp., Aquabacterium spp., Methylobacterium spp., Flavobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp., unclassified Burkholderiaceae and unclassified Nostocaceae were more abundant in KW strain compared to PS strain. PS strain was enriched with propionate metabolizers, selenate reducers, and xylan, chitin, and chlorophenol degraders while KW strain was enriched with sulfur oxidizers, sulfur metabolizers, sulfate reducers and naphthalene and aromatic hydrocarbons degraders. These findings demonstrate an association between the gut microbiota and insecticide resistance in an important vector species and sets the foundation for future studies to investigate the contribution of gut microbiota to evolution of insecticide resistance in disease vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ephantus J Muturi
- Crop Bioprotection Research Unit, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 N University St., Peoria, IL, 61605, USA.
| | - Christopher Dunlap
- Crop Bioprotection Research Unit, USDA, Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, 1815 N University St., Peoria, IL, 61605, USA
| | - Chelsea T Smartt
- Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, University of Florida, Vero Beach, FL, 32962, USA
| | - Dongyoung Shin
- Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, University of Florida, Vero Beach, FL, 32962, USA.
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Larson NR, Nega M, Zhang A, Feldlaufer M. Toxicity of Methyl Benzoate and Analogs to Adult Aedes aegypti. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION 2021; 37:83-86. [PMID: 34184043 DOI: 10.2987/19-6896.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Methyl benzoate is a natural product (floral volatile organic compound) that is currently used as a food flavoring ingredient. This compound has shown to be insecticidal in laboratory studies against agricultural and urban pests, including spotted wing drosophila Drosophila suzukii, brown marmorated stink bug Hyalomorpha halys, the diamondback moth Plutella xylostella, and the common bed bug Cimex lectularius, to name several insect taxa. In this study we topically treated adult Aedes aegypti females with methyl benzoate and analogs and determined their toxicities. We found that among adult females, 4 analogs-butyl benzoate, n-pentyl benzoate, vinyl benzoate, and methyl 3-methoxybenzoate-were more toxic than the parent compound, methyl benzoate.
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20
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Mack LK, Kelly ET, Lee Y, Brisco KK, Shen KV, Zahid A, van Schoor T, Cornel AJ, Attardo GM. Frequency of sodium channel genotypes and association with pyrethrum knockdown time in populations of Californian Aedes aegypti. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:141. [PMID: 33676552 PMCID: PMC7936502 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04627-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since their detection in 2013, Aedes aegypti has become a widespread urban pest in California. The availability of cryptic larval breeding sites in residential areas and resistance to insecticides pose significant challenges to control efforts. Resistance to pyrethroids is largely attributed to mutations in the voltage gated sodium channels (VGSC), the pyrethroid site of action. However, past studies have indicated that VGSC mutations may not be entirely predictive of the observed resistance phenotype. METHODS To investigate the frequencies of VGSC mutations and the relationship with pyrethroid insecticide resistance in California, we sampled Ae. aegypti from four locations in the Central Valley, and the Greater Los Angeles area. Mosquitoes from each location were subjected to an individual pyrethrum bottle bioassay to determine knockdown times. A subset of assayed mosquitoes from each location was then analyzed to determine the composition of 5 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci within the VGSC gene. RESULTS The distribution of knockdown times for each of the five Californian populations sampled was non-parametric with potentially bimodal distributions. One group succumbs to insecticidal effects around 35-45 min and the second group lasts up to and beyond the termination of the assay (120+ min). We detected 5 polymorphic VGSC SNPs within the sampled California populations. One is potentially new and alternatively spliced (I915K), and four are documented and associated with resistance: F1534C, V1016I, V410L and S723T. The Central Valley populations (Clovis, Dinuba, Sanger and Kingsburg) are fairly homogenous with only 5% of the mosquitoes showing heterozygosity at any given position. In the Greater LA mosquitoes, 55% had at least one susceptible allele at any of the five SNP loci. The known resistance allele F1534C was detected in almost all sampled mosquitoes (99.4%). We also observe significant heterogeneity in the knockdown phenotypes of individuals with the identical VGSC haplotypes suggesting the presence of additional undefined resistance mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS Resistance associated VGSC SNPs are prevalent, particularly in the Central Valley. Interestingly, among mosquitoes carrying all 4 resistance associated SNPs, we observe significant heterogeneity in bottle bioassay profiles suggesting that other mechanisms are important to the individual resistance of Ae. aegypti in California.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey K Mack
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Erin Taylor Kelly
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Yoosook Lee
- University of Florida-Florida Medical Entomology Laboratory, Vero Beach, FL, USA
| | - Katherine K Brisco
- Mosquito Control Research Laboratory, Kearney Agricultural Center, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kaiyuan Victoria Shen
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Aamina Zahid
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Tess van Schoor
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Anthony J Cornel
- Mosquito Control Research Laboratory, Kearney Agricultural Center, Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Geoffrey M Attardo
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
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Improved adulticidal activity against Aedes aegypti (L.) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) from synergy between Cinnamomum spp. essential oils. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4685. [PMID: 33633308 PMCID: PMC7907141 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84159-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Improved natural adulticidal agents against mosquito vectors are in urgent need, and essential oils from Cinnamomum plants can assume this role quite readily. Cinnamomum verum, C. cassia, and C. loureiroi essential oils (EOs) were extracted from the barks and evaluated for their chemical composition by GC–MS. The major constituent of the three EOs was cinnamaldehyde. WHO susceptibility tests on individual and combined EOs as well as cinnamaldehyde were conducted against female adults of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. All EO combinations exhibited a synergistic effect, manifesting a higher toxicity, with a synergistic value ranging from 2.9 to 6.7. Their increasing mortality value was improved between 16.0 to 41.7%. The highest synergistic effect was achieved by an EO combination of 0.5% C. cassia + 0.5% C. loureiroi, while the highest insecticidal activity was achieved by 2.5% C. verum + 2.5% C. cassia and 1% cinnamaldehyde, with a knockdown and mortality rate of 100% and a KT50 between 0.7 and 2.1 min. This combination was more toxic to both mosquito species than 1% w/v cypermethrin. These findings demonstrate that cinnamaldehyde and synergistic combinations of C. verum + C. cassia EOs and C. cassia + C. loureiroi EOs have a high insecticidal efficacy against Aedes populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J Madewell
- From the Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville
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Mullens P, Su T, Vong Q, Thieme J, Brown MQ. Establishment of the Invasive Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in the West Valley Area of San Bernardino County, CA. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2021; 58:365-371. [PMID: 32901801 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjaa174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762), is the most aggressive invasive mosquito species with worldwide distribution. In addition to being a notorious nuisance species, it can pose significant public health concern because of its ability to transmit various viral pathogens. The first adult capture in the West Valley area of San Bernardino County, CA, occurred in September 2015 in Montclair. A strategic surveillance plan was implemented accordingly by the West Valley Mosquito and Vector Control District to document the infestation. The Biogent Sentinel (BG-2) trap augmented with BG-Lure and carbon dioxide (CO2) was deployed as a routine surveillance tool during 2017-2019. Extensive trapping revealed an expanding infestation, when positive trap nights (TN) increased from 14.2% in 2017 to 23.9% in 2018 and 55.6% in 2019. The average counts/TN increased from 0.65 in 2017 and 0.90 in 2018 to 3.83 in 2019. The cities of Montclair, Chino, and Ontario had much higher infestation than other cities in the district with the highest positive TN of 46.0% in Montclair, and highest average trap count of 3.23/TN in Chino. It was interesting to note that males coincided with females with more profound trend during warmer months of July to October when ratios of males ranged 28.4-35.0%. The BG-2 trap significantly outperformed the CO2 trap and gravid trap. The establishment of this invasive species in semiarid inland Southern California was further confirmed by concurrent larval collections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Mullens
- West Valley Mosquito and Vector Control District, Ontario, CA
| | - Tianyun Su
- West Valley Mosquito and Vector Control District, Ontario, CA
| | - Quan Vong
- West Valley Mosquito and Vector Control District, Ontario, CA
| | - Jennifer Thieme
- West Valley Mosquito and Vector Control District, Ontario, CA
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Rodríguez M, Ruiz A, Piedra L, Gutierrez G, Rey J, Cruz M, Bisset J. Multiple insecticide resistance in Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) from Boyeros municipality, Cuba and associated mechanisms. Acta Trop 2020; 212:105680. [PMID: 32866457 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, insecticide resistance and the mechanisms responsible were characterized in Ae. aegypti of Boyeros municipality from Havana, Cuba. Boyeros represents a high epidemiological risk because it is located near the Havana International Airport, it is highly urbanized, and it has a large influx of people from endemic countries so that it qualifies as a sentinel site for surveillance. The larvae collected from five areas of this municipality showed resistance to temephos associated with metabolic enzymes. The adult mosquitoes displayed a deltamethrin resistance and less distinctly to other pyrethroids associated with a high frequency of sodium channel gene mutations (F1534C and V1016I), detected for the first time in a field population from Cuba. The presence in the field populations of two insecticide resistance mechanisms represents a limiting factor in the success of the control operations of this vector, so other strategies should be considered to preserve the effectiveness of the insecticides available in public health for vector control in Cuba.
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Long-Term Mosquito culture with SkitoSnack, an artificial blood meal replacement. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008591. [PMID: 32941432 PMCID: PMC7523998 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The reliance on blood is a limiting factor for mass rearing of mosquitoes for Sterile-Insect-Technique (SIT) and other mosquito-based control strategies. To solve this problem, we have developed SkitoSnack, a formulated diet for Aedes aegypti (L) mosquitoes, as an alternative for vertebrate blood. Here we addressed the question if long-term yellow fever mosquito culture with SkitoSnack resulted in changed life history traits and fitness of the offspring compared to blood-raised mosquitoes. We also explored if SkitoSnack is suitable to raise Asian tiger mosquitos, Aedes albopictus (L.), and the human bed bug, Cimex lectularius (L). We measured life history traits for 30th generation SkitoSnack-raised Ae. aegypti and 11th generation SkitoSnack-raised Ae. albopictus, and compared them with control mosquitoes raised on blood only. We compared meal preference, flight performance, and reproductive fitness in Ae. aegypti raised on SkitoSnack or blood. We also offered SkitoSnack to bed bug nymphs. We found that long-term culture with SkitoSnack resulted in mosquitoes with similar life history traits compared to bovine blood-raised mosquitoes in both species we studied. Also, Ae. aegypti mosquitoes raised on SkitoSnack had similar flight performance compared to blood raised mosquitoes, were still strongly attracted by human smell and had equal mating success. Minimal feeding occurred in bed bugs. Our results suggest that long-term culture with the blood-meal replacement SkitoSnack results in healthy, fit mosquitoes. Therefore, artificial diets like SkitoSnack can be considered as a viable alternative for vertebrate blood in laboratory mosquito culture as well as for mosquito mass production for Sterile-Insect-Technique mosquito control interventions. SkitoSnack was not suitable to induce engorgement of bed bugs.
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Camargo C, Ahmed-Braimah YH, Amaro IA, Harrington LC, Wolfner MF, Avila FW. Mating and blood-feeding induce transcriptome changes in the spermathecae of the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14899. [PMID: 32913240 PMCID: PMC7484758 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71904-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are the primary vectors of numerous viruses that impact human health. As manipulation of reproduction has been proposed to suppress mosquito populations, elucidation of biological processes that enable males and females to successfully reproduce is necessary. One essential process is female sperm storage in specialized structures called spermathecae. Aedes aegypti females typically mate once, requiring them to maintain sperm viably to fertilize eggs they lay over their lifetime. Spermathecal gene products are required for Drosophila sperm storage and sperm viability, and a spermathecal-derived heme peroxidase is required for long-term Anopheles gambiae fertility. Products of the Ae. aegypti spermathecae, and their response to mating, are largely unknown. Further, although female blood-feeding is essential for anautogenous mosquito reproduction, the transcriptional response to blood-ingestion remains undefined in any reproductive tissue. We conducted an RNAseq analysis of spermathecae from unfed virgins, mated only, and mated and blood-fed females at 6, 24, and 72 h post-mating and identified significant differentially expressed genes in each group at each timepoint. A blood-meal following mating induced a greater transcriptional response in the spermathecae than mating alone. This study provides the first view of elicited mRNA changes in the spermathecae by a blood-meal in mated females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Camargo
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Mosquito Reproductive Biology, Universidad de Antioquia, Complejo RutaN, Calle 67 #52-20, Laboratory 4-166, 050010, Medellín, Colombia
| | | | - I Alexandra Amaro
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | | | - Mariana F Wolfner
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA
| | - Frank W Avila
- Max Planck Tandem Group in Mosquito Reproductive Biology, Universidad de Antioquia, Complejo RutaN, Calle 67 #52-20, Laboratory 4-166, 050010, Medellín, Colombia.
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Pinch M, Rodriguez SD, Mitra S, Kandel Y, Moore E, Hansen IA. Low Levels of Pyrethroid Resistance in Hybrid Offspring of a Highly Resistant and a More Susceptible Mosquito Strain. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2020; 20:5866135. [PMID: 32610346 PMCID: PMC7329315 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieaa060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
The use of insecticides has been a central approach to control disease-transmitting mosquitoes for the last century. The high prevalence of pyrethroid use as public health insecticides has resulted in the evolution of pyrethroid resistance in many populations of Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Culicidae), throughout its global distribution range. Insecticide resistance is often correlated with an associated fitness cost. In this project, we studied the phenotypes of hybrid mosquitoes derived from crossing a pyrethroid-resistant strain of Ae. aegypti (Puerto Rico [PR]) with a more susceptible one (Rockefeller [ROCK]). We first sequenced and compared the para gene of both original strains. We then crossed males from one strain with females of the other, creating two hybrids (Puertofeller, Rockorico). We used a Y-tube choice assay to measure the attraction of these strains towards a human host. We then compared the levels of pyrethroid resistance in the different strains. We found three known resistance mutations in the para gene sequence of the PR strain. In our attraction assays, PR females showed lower attraction to humans, than the ROCK females. Both hybrid strains showed strong attraction to a human host. In the insecticide resistance bottle assays, both hybrid strains showed marginal increases in resistance to permethrin compared to the more susceptible ROCK strain. These results suggest that hybrids of sensitive and permethrin-resistant mosquitoes have an incremental advantage compared to more susceptible mosquitoes when challenged with permethrin. This explains the rapid spread of permethrin resistance that was observed many times in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Pinch
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM
- Corresponding author, e-mail:
| | | | - Soumi Mitra
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM
| | - Yashoda Kandel
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM
| | - Emily Moore
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM
- Current address: Department of Pediatrics – Occupational Therapy, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87106
| | - Immo A Hansen
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM
- Institute of Applied Biosciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM
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Chen M, Du Y, Nomura Y, Zhorov BS, Dong K. Chronology of sodium channel mutations associated with pyrethroid resistance in Aedes aegypti. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 104:e21686. [PMID: 32378259 PMCID: PMC8060125 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Aedes aegypti is the primary mosquito vector of dengue, yellow fever, Zika and chikungunya. Current strategies to control Ae. aegypti rely heavily on insecticide interventions. Pyrethroids are a major class of insecticides used for mosquito control because of their fast acting, highly insecticidal activities and low mammalian toxicity. However, Ae. aegypti populations around the world have begun to develop resistance to pyrethroids. So far, more than a dozen mutations in the sodium channel gene have been reported to be associated with pyrethroid resistance in Ae. aegypti. Co-occurrence of resistance-associated mutations is common in pyrethroid-resistant Ae. aegypti populations. As global use of pyrethroids in mosquito control continues, new pyrethroid-resistant mutations keep emerging. In this microreview, we compile pyrethroid resistance-associated mutations in Ae. aegypti in a chronological order, as they were reported, and summarize findings from functional evaluation of these mutations in an in vitro sodium channel expression system. We hope that the information will be useful for tracing possible evolution of pyrethroid resistance in this important human disease vector, in addition to the development of methods for global monitoring and management of pyrethroid resistance in Ae. aegypti.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengli Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of life sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuzhe Du
- USDA-ARS, Biological Control of Pest Research Unit, 59 Lee Road, Stoneville, MS 38776, USA
| | - Yoshiko Nomura
- Department of Entomology, Genetics and Neuroscience Programs, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Boris S. Zhorov
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8N 3Z5, Canada
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194223, Russia
| | - Ke Dong
- Department of Entomology, Genetics and Neuroscience Programs, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
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Soonwera M, Sittichok S. Adulticidal activities of Cymbopogon citratus (Stapf.) and Eucalyptus globulus (Labill.) essential oils and of their synergistic combinations against Aedes aegypti (L.), Aedes albopictus (Skuse), and Musca domestica (L.). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:20201-20214. [PMID: 32239399 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08529-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The knockdown and adulticidal activities of individual Cymbopogon citratus and Eucalyptus globulus essential oils (EOs) and their combinations were evaluated against three medical insect pests (Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus, and Musca domestica) using a WHO susceptibility test. The knockdown and adulticidal activities against the three medical insect pests of combinations of C. citratus and E. globulus EOs were higher than those of individual EOs alone. Combinations of 7.5% C. citratus + 7.5% E. globulus EOs and 10% C. citratus + 10% E. globulus EOs exhibited the highest efficacy against females of the three species with 100% knockdown and mortality rates at 1 and 24 h after exposure, respectively. Their adulticidal activities were equivalent to that of 10% w/v cypermethrin. In contrast, 70% v/v ethyl alcohol negative control was not effective at all. The combinations of EOs showed a synergistic effect, i.e., their adulticidal activity was improved by 0.2 to 100%, with increased knockdown and mortality rates, compared to individual EOs. The highest synergistic effect on effective knockdown and adulticidal activities against females of the three species was achieved by a combination of 2.5% C. citratus + 2.5% E. globulus EOs, with 36.6 to 100% knockdown rate increase and 33.5 to 98.9% mortality rate increase. This study demonstrates that all tested combinations of C. citratus and E. globulus EOs were effective adulticidal agents against females of Ae. aegypti, Ae. albopictus, and M. domestica and have a high potential for development into a botanical insecticide for controlling populations of Aedes mosquitoes and houseflies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayura Soonwera
- Department of Plant Production Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand.
| | - Sirawut Sittichok
- Department of Plant Production Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand
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Contreras-Perera Y, Ponce-Garcia G, Villanueva-Segura K, Lopez-Monroy B, Rodríguez-Sanchez IP, Lenhart A, Manrique-Saide P, Flores AE. Impact of deltamethrin selection on kdr mutations and insecticide detoxifying enzymes in Aedes aegypti from Mexico. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:224. [PMID: 32375862 PMCID: PMC7201803 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04093-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Insecticide resistance is a serious problem for vector control programmes worldwide. Resistance is commonly attributed to mutations at the insecticide’s target site or increased activity of detoxification enzymes. Methods We determined the knockdown concentration (KC50) and lethal concentration (LC50) of deltamethrin in six natural populations of adult Aedes aegypti from southeastern Mexico. These populations were then selected over five generations using the LC50 from the preceding generation that underwent selection, and the heritability of deltamethrin resistance was quantified. For each generation, we also determined the frequency of the kdr alleles L410, I1016 and C1534, and the levels of activity of three enzyme families (α- and β-esterases, mixed-function oxidases and glutathione S-transferases (GST)) associated with insecticide detoxification. Results There was an increase in KC50 and LC50 values in the subsequent generations of selection with deltamethrin (FS5vs FS0). According to the resistance ratios (RRs), we detected increases in LC50 ranging from 1.5 to 5.6 times the values of the parental generation and in KC50 ranging from 1.3–3.8 times the values of the parental generation. Triple homozygous mutant individuals (tri-locus, LL/II/CC) were present in the parental generations and increased in frequency after selection. The frequency of L410 increased from 1.18-fold to 2.63-fold after selection with deltamethrin (FS5vs FS0) in the populations analyzed; for I1016 an increase between 1.19-fold to 2.79-fold was observed, and C1534 was fixed in all populations after deltamethrin selection. Enzymatic activity varied significantly over the generations of selection. However, only α- esterase activity remained elevated in multiple populations after five generations of deltamethrin selection. We observed an increase in the mean activity levels of GSTs in two of the six populations analyzed. Conclusions The high levels of resistance and their association with high frequencies of kdr mutations (V410L, V1016I and F1534C) obtained through artificial selection, suggest an important role of these mutations in conferring resistance to deltamethrin. We highlight the need to implement strategies that involve the monitoring of kdr frequencies in insecticide resistance monitoring and management programmes.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamili Contreras-Perera
- Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Cd, Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza, N.L., CP. 66455, Mexico
| | - Gustavo Ponce-Garcia
- Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Cd, Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza, N.L., CP. 66455, Mexico
| | - Karina Villanueva-Segura
- Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Cd, Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza, N.L., CP. 66455, Mexico
| | - Beatriz Lopez-Monroy
- Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Cd, Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza, N.L., CP. 66455, Mexico
| | - Iram P Rodríguez-Sanchez
- Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Cd, Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza, N.L., CP. 66455, Mexico
| | - Audrey Lenhart
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Pablo Manrique-Saide
- Unidad Colaborativa para Bioensayos Entomologicos, Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan, Campus de Ciencias Biologicas y Agropecuarias, Merida, Yucatan, Mexico
| | - Adriana E Flores
- Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Cd, Universitaria, San Nicolas de los Garza, N.L., CP. 66455, Mexico.
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Fan Y, O'Grady P, Yoshimizu M, Ponlawat A, Kaufman PE, Scott JG. Evidence for both sequential mutations and recombination in the evolution of kdr alleles in Aedes aegypti. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008154. [PMID: 32302303 PMCID: PMC7164583 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aedes aegypti is a globally distributed vector of human diseases including dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya, and Zika. Pyrethroid insecticides are the primary means of controlling adult A. aegypti populations to suppress arbovirus outbreaks, but resistance to pyrethroid insecticides has become a global problem. Mutations in the voltage-sensitive sodium channel (Vssc) gene are a major mechanism of pyrethroid resistance in A. aegypti. Vssc resistance alleles in A. aegypti commonly have more than one mutation. However, our understanding of the evolutionary dynamics of how alleles with multiple mutations arose is poorly understood. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We examined the geographic distribution and association between the common Vssc mutations (V410L, S989P, V1016G/I and F1534C) in A. aegypti by analyzing the relevant Vssc fragments in 25 collections, mainly from Asia and the Americas. Our results showed all 11 Asian populations had two types of resistance alleles: 1534C and 989P+1016G. The 1534C allele was more common with frequencies ranging from 0.31 to 0.88, while the 989P+1016G frequency ranged from 0.13 to 0.50. Four distinct alleles (410L, 1534C, 410L+1534C and 410L+1016I+1534C) were detected in populations from the Americas. The most common was 410L+1016I+1534C with frequencies ranging from 0.50 to 1.00, followed by 1534C with frequencies ranging from 0.13 to 0.50. Our phylogenetic analysis of Vssc supported multiple independent origins of the F1534C mutation. Our results indicated the 410L+1534C allele may have arisen by addition of the V410L mutation to the 1534C allele, or by a crossover event. The 410L+1016I+1534C allele was the result of one or two mutational steps from a 1534C background. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our data corroborated previous geographic distributions of resistance mutations and provided evidence for both recombination and sequential accumulation of mutations contributing to the molecular evolution of resistance alleles in A. aegypti.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinjun Fan
- Department of Entomology, Comstock Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Patrick O'Grady
- Department of Entomology, Comstock Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Melissa Yoshimizu
- Vector-Borne Disease Section, Division of Communicable Disease Control, Center for Infectious Diseases, California Department of Public Health, Sacramento, California, United States of America
| | | | - Phillip E. Kaufman
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey G. Scott
- Department of Entomology, Comstock Hall, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Kulkarni A, Yu W, Moon AS, Pandey A, Hanley KA, Xu J. Programmable CRISPR interference for gene silencing using Cas13a in mosquitoes. J Genomics 2020; 8:30-36. [PMID: 32190127 PMCID: PMC7064736 DOI: 10.7150/jgen.43928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the CRISPR-Cas systems, Cas13a is an RNA-guided RNA nuclease specifically targeting single strand RNA. We developed a Cas13a mediated CRISPR interference tool to target mRNA for gene silencing in mosquitoes. A Cas13a expressing plasmid was delivered to mosquitoes by intrathoracic injection, and Cas13a transcripts were detectable at least 10 days post-delivery. The target specific crRNA was synthesized in vitro using T7 RNA polymerase. The Cas13a plasmid and target crRNA can be delivered by intrathoracic injection together, or the Cas13a construct can be provided first, and then target crRNA can be given later when appropriate. The machinery was tested in two mosquito species. In Anopheles gambiae, vitellogenin gene was silenced by Cas13a/Vg-crRNA, which was accompanied by a significant reduction in egg production. In Aedes aegypti, the α- and δ-subunits of COPI genes were silenced by Cas13a/crRNA, which resulted in mortality and fragile midguts, reproducing a phenotype reported previously. Co-silencing genes simultaneously is achievable when a cocktail of target crRNAs is given. No detectable collateral cleavages of non-target transcripts were observed in the study. In addition to dsRNA or siRNA mediated RNA interference, the programmable CRISPR interference method offers an alternative to knock down genes in mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Kulkarni
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, PO Box 30001 MSC 3AF, Las Cruces NM, 88003, USA
| | - Wanqin Yu
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, PO Box 30001 MSC 3AF, Las Cruces NM, 88003, USA
| | - Alex S Moon
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, PO Box 30001 MSC 3AF, Las Cruces NM, 88003, USA
| | - Ashmita Pandey
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, PO Box 30001 MSC 3AF, Las Cruces NM, 88003, USA
| | - Kathryn A Hanley
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, PO Box 30001 MSC 3AF, Las Cruces NM, 88003, USA
| | - Jiannong Xu
- Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, PO Box 30001 MSC 3AF, Las Cruces NM, 88003, USA
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Alves RR, Soares T, Bento EF, Roldan-Filho RS, Souza BS, Lima MK, Nascimento JS, Coelho LC, Sá RA, Lima TA, Gonçalves GG, Brayner FA, Alves LC, Navarro DM, Napoleão TH, Paiva PM. Ovicidal lectins from Moringa oleifera and Myracrodruon urundeuva cause alterations in chorionic surface and penetrate the embryos of Aedes aegypti eggs. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2020; 76:730-736. [PMID: 31386279 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lectins from Moringa oleifera seeds (WSMoL), Myracrodruon urundeuva bark (MuBL), and heartwood (MuHL) are larvicidal agents against Aedes aegypti; in addition, WSMoL is an ovicidal agent against this mosquito. In this work, we evaluated the ovicidal activity of MuBL and MuHL by determining the concentrations that reduce the hatching rates by 50% in 72 h (EC50 ). The effects of WSMoL, MuBL, and MuHL on the ultrastructure of the eggs' surface were assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, the ability of these lectins to penetrate the eggs was investigated by using conjugates of the lectins with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). RESULTS MuBL and MuHL were ovicidal agents with EC50 of 0.26 and 0.80 mg/mL (260 and 800 ppm), respectively. SEM images of eggs treated with WSMoL for 24 h revealed discontinuity of the exochorionic network and the absence of the exochorionic cells and their tubercles. After 48 and 72 h of incubation, strong deformation and degeneration of egg surfaces were observed. In MuBL and MuHL-treated eggs, the presence of lumps on the surface of the eggs, disappearance of the exochorionic network and the decrease and deformation of tubercles were observed. Lastly, fluorescence microscopy revealed that the three lectins were able to enter the eggs and reach the digestive tract of the embryos. CONCLUSION WSMoL, MuBL, and MuHL are ovicidal agents on A. aegypti that have differing efficiencies in terms of how they cause alterations in the chorionic surface and in terms of their ability to penetrate the eggs. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robson Rv Alves
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Soares
- Centro de Tecnologias Estratégicas do Nordeste, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Brazil
| | - Elinaldo Fl Bento
- Centro de Tecnologias Estratégicas do Nordeste, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Brazil
| | - Ricardo S Roldan-Filho
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Ss Souza
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Brazil
| | - Marcele Kn Lima
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Brazil
| | - Jéssica S Nascimento
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Brazil
| | - Luana Cbb Coelho
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Brazil
| | - Roberto A Sá
- Centro Acadêmico do Agreste, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Nova Caruaru, Caruaru, Brazil
| | - Thâmarah A Lima
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Ga Gonçalves
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife, Brazil
| | - Fábio A Brayner
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife, Brazil
| | - Luiz C Alves
- Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Recife, Brazil
| | - Daniela Maf Navarro
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Brazil
| | - Thiago H Napoleão
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Mg Paiva
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Cidade Universitária, Recife, Brazil
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