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Sardo U, Perrier P, Cormier K, Sotin M, Personnaz J, Medjbeur T, Desquesnes A, Cannizzo L, Ruiz-Martinez M, Thevenin J, Billoré B, Jung G, Abboud E, Peyssonnaux C, Nemeth E, Ginzburg YZ, Ganz T, Kautz L. The hepatokine FGL1 regulates hepcidin and iron metabolism during anemia in mice by antagonizing BMP signaling. Blood 2024; 143:1282-1292. [PMID: 38232308 PMCID: PMC11103088 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023022724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT As a functional component of erythrocyte hemoglobin, iron is essential for oxygen delivery to all tissues in the body. The liver-derived peptide hepcidin is the master regulator of iron homeostasis. During anemia, the erythroid hormone erythroferrone regulates hepcidin synthesis to ensure the adequate supply of iron to the bone marrow for red blood cell production. However, mounting evidence suggested that another factor may exert a similar function. We identified the hepatokine fibrinogen-like 1 (FGL1) as a previously undescribed suppressor of hepcidin that is induced in the liver in response to hypoxia during the recovery from anemia, and in thalassemic mice. We demonstrated that FGL1 is a potent suppressor of hepcidin in vitro and in vivo. Deletion of Fgl1 in mice results in higher hepcidin levels at baseline and after bleeding. FGL1 exerts its activity by directly binding to bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP6), thereby inhibiting the canonical BMP-SMAD signaling cascade that controls hepcidin transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ugo Sardo
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Prunelle Perrier
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Kevin Cormier
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Manon Sotin
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Jean Personnaz
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Thanina Medjbeur
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Aurore Desquesnes
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Lisa Cannizzo
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Julie Thevenin
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Benjamin Billoré
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Grace Jung
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Elise Abboud
- Institut Cochin, INSERM, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Carole Peyssonnaux
- Institut Cochin, INSERM, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Elizabeta Nemeth
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Tomas Ganz
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Léon Kautz
- Institut de Recherche en Santé Digestive, Université de Toulouse, INSERM, INRAE, ENVT, Université Toulouse III Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
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Olivera J, Zhang V, Nemeth E, Ganz T. Erythroferrone exacerbates iron overload and ineffective extramedullary erythropoiesis in a mouse model of β-thalassemia. Blood Adv 2023; 7:3339-3349. [PMID: 36995275 PMCID: PMC10345853 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022009307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
β-thalassemia is characterized by chronic hepcidin suppression and iron overload, even in patients who have not undergone transfusion. The HbbTh3/+ (Th3/+) mouse model of nontransfusion-dependent β-thalassemia (NTDBT) partially recapitulates the human phenotype but lacks chronic hepcidin suppression, progressive iron accumulation into adulthood, or the interindividual variation of the rate of iron loading observed in patients. Erythroferrone (ERFE) is an erythroid regulator that suppresses hepcidin during increased erythropoiesis. ERFE concentrations in the sera of patients with NTDBT correlate negatively with hepcidin levels but vary over a broad range, possibly explaining the variability of iron overload in patients. To analyze the effect of high ERFE concentrations on hepcidin and iron overload in NTDBT, we crossed Th3/+ mice with erythroid ERFE-overexpressing transgenic mice. Th3/ERFE-transgenic mice suffered high perinatal mortality, but embryos at E18.5 showed similar viability, appearance, and anemia effects as Th3/+ mice. Compared with Th3/+ littermates, adult Th3/ERFE mice had similarly severe anemia but manifested greater suppression of serum hepcidin and increased iron accumulation in the liver, kidney, and spleen. The Th3/ERFE mice had much higher concentrations of serum ERFE than either parental strain, a finding attributable to both a higher number of erythroblasts and higher production of ERFE by each erythroblast.Th3/+ and Th3/ERFE mice had similar red blood cell count and shortened erythrocyte lifespan, but Th3/ERFE mice had an increased number of erythroid precursors in their larger spleens, indicative of aggravated ineffective extramedullary erythropoiesis. Thus, high ERFE concentrations increase the severity of nontransfusional iron overload and ineffective erythropoiesis in thalassemic mice but do not substantially affect anemia or hemolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Olivera
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Vida Zhang
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Elizabeta Nemeth
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Tomas Ganz
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
- Department of Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
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Sardo U, Perrier P, Cormier K, Sotin M, Desquesnes A, Cannizzo L, Ruiz-Martinez M, Thevenin J, Billoré B, Jung G, Abboud E, Peyssonnaux C, Nemeth E, Ginzburg YZ, Ganz T, Kautz L. The hepatokine FGL1 regulates hepcidin and iron metabolism during the recovery from hemorrhage-induced anemia in mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.06.535920. [PMID: 37066218 PMCID: PMC10104156 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.06.535920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
As a functional component of erythrocyte hemoglobin, iron is essential for oxygen delivery to all tissues in the body. The liver-derived peptide hepcidin is the master regulator of iron homeostasis. During anemia, the erythroid hormone erythroferrone regulates hepcidin synthesis to ensure adequate supply of iron to the bone marrow for red blood cells production. However, mounting evidence suggested that another factor may exert a similar function. We identified the hepatokine FGL1 as a previously undescribed suppressor of hepcidin that is induced in the liver in response to hypoxia during the recovery from anemia and in thalassemic mice. We demonstrated that FGL1 is a potent suppressor of hepcidin in vitro and in vivo . Deletion of Fgl1 in mice results in a blunted repression of hepcidin after bleeding. FGL1 exerts its activity by direct binding to BMP6, thereby inhibiting the canonical BMP-SMAD signaling cascade that controls hepcidin transcription. Key points 1/ FGL1 regulates iron metabolism during the recovery from anemia. 2/ FGL1 is an antagonist of the BMP/SMAD signaling pathway.
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Berezovsky B, Báječný M, Frýdlová J, Gurieva I, Rogalsky DW, Přikryl P, Pospíšil V, Nečas E, Vokurka M, Krijt J. Effect of Erythropoietin on the Expression of Murine Transferrin Receptor 2. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158209. [PMID: 34360974 PMCID: PMC8348427 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) downregulates hepcidin expression to increase the availability of iron; the downregulation of hepcidin is mediated by erythroferrone (ERFE) secreted by erythroblasts. Erythroblasts also express transferrin receptor 2 (TFR2); however, the possible role of TFR2 in hepcidin downregulation is unclear. The purpose of the study was to correlate liver expression of hepcidin with the expression of ERFE and TFR2 in murine bone marrow and spleen at 4, 16, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h following administration of a single dose of EPO. Splenic Fam132b expression increased 4 h after EPO injection; liver hepcidin mRNA was decreased at 16 h. In the spleen, expression of TFR2 and transferrin receptor (TFR1) proteins increased by an order of magnitude at 48 and 72 h after EPO treatment. The EPO-induced increase in splenic TFR2 and TFR1 was associated with an increase in the number of Tfr2- and Tfr1-expressing erythroblasts. Plasma exosomes prepared from EPO-treated mice displayed increased amount of TFR1 protein; however, no exosomal TFR2 was detected. Overall, the results confirm the importance of ERFE in stress erythropoiesis, support the role of TFR2 in erythroid cell development, and highlight possible differences in the removal of TFR2 and TFR1 from erythroid cell membranes.
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