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Machado KLDG, Faria DV, Duarte MBS, Silva LAS, de Oliveira TDR, Falcão TCA, Batista DS, Costa MGC, Santa-Catarina C, Silveira V, Romanel E, Otoni WC, Nogueira FTS. Plant age-dependent dynamics of annatto pigment (bixin) biosynthesis in Bixa orellana. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:1390-1406. [PMID: 37975812 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Age affects the production of secondary metabolites, but how developmental cues regulate secondary metabolism remains poorly understood. The achiote tree (Bixa orellana L.) is a source of bixin, an apocarotenoid used in diverse industries worldwide. Understanding how age-dependent mechanisms control bixin biosynthesis is of great interest for plant biology and for economic reasons. Here we overexpressed miRNA156 (miR156) in B. orellana to comprehensively study the effects of the miR156-SQUAMOSA PROMOTER BINDING PROTEIN-LIKE (SPL) module on age-dependent bixin biosynthesis in leaves. Overexpression of miR156 in annatto plants (miR156ox) reduced BoSPL transcript levels, impacted leaf ontogeny, lessened bixin production, and increased abscisic acid levels. Modulation of expression of BoCCD4-4 and BoCCD1, key genes in carotenoid biosynthesis, was associated with diverting the carbon flux from bixin to abscisic acid in miR156ox leaves. Proteomic analyses revealed an overall low accumulation of most secondary metabolite-related enzymes in miR156ox leaves, suggesting that miR156-targeted BoSPLs may be required to activate several secondary metabolic pathways. Our findings suggest that the conserved BomiR156-BoSPL module is deployed to regulate leaf dynamics of bixin biosynthesis, and may create novel opportunities to fine-tune bixin output in B. orellana breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kleiton Lima de Godoy Machado
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal/Laboratório de Cultura de Tecidos Vegetais/BIOAGRO, Campus Universitário, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Daniele Vidal Faria
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal/Laboratório de Cultura de Tecidos Vegetais/BIOAGRO, Campus Universitário, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcos Bruno Silva Duarte
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal/Laboratório de Cultura de Tecidos Vegetais/BIOAGRO, Campus Universitário, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Lázara Aline Simões Silva
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal/Laboratório de Cultura de Tecidos Vegetais/BIOAGRO, Campus Universitário, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Tadeu Dos Reis de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual (LBCT), Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia (CBB), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), 28013-602, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Thais Castilho Arruda Falcão
- Laboratório de Genômica de Plantas e Bioenergia (PGEMBL), Departamento de Biotecnologia, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena (EEL), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), 12602-810, Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - Diego Silva Batista
- Departamento de Agricultura, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Campus III, 58220-000, Bananeiras, PB, Brazil
| | | | - Claudete Santa-Catarina
- Laboratório de Biologia Celular e Tecidual (LBCT), Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia (CBB), Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro (UENF), 28013-602, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Vanildo Silveira
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia (LBT), CBB-UENF, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, Brazil
| | - Elisson Romanel
- Laboratório de Genômica de Plantas e Bioenergia (PGEMBL), Departamento de Biotecnologia, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena (EEL), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), 12602-810, Lorena, SP, Brazil
| | - Wagner Campos Otoni
- Departamento de Biologia Vegetal/Laboratório de Cultura de Tecidos Vegetais/BIOAGRO, Campus Universitário, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
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Kim H, Woo OG, Kim JB, Yoon SY, Kim JS, Sul WJ, Hwang JY, Lee JH. Flavobacterium sp. strain GJW24 ameliorates drought resistance in Arabidopsis and Brassica. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1257137. [PMID: 37900757 PMCID: PMC10613084 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1257137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
Candidate strains that contribute to drought resistance in plants have been previously screened using approximately 500 plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) obtained from Gotjawal, South Korea, to further understand PGPR associated with plant drought tolerance. In this study, a selected PGPR candidate, Flavobacterium sp. strain GJW24, was employed to enhance plant drought tolerance. GJW24 application to Arabidopsis increased its survival rate under drought stress and enhanced stomatal closure. Furthermore, GJW24 promoted Arabidopsis survival under salt stress, which is highly associated with drought stress. GJW24 ameliorated the drought/salt tolerance of Brassica as well as Arabidopsis, indicating that the drought-resistance characteristics of GJW24 could be applied to various plant species. Transcriptome sequencing revealed that GJW24 upregulated a large portion of drought- and drought-related stress-inducible genes in Arabidopsis. Moreover, Gene Ontology analysis revealed that GJW24-upregulated genes were highly related to the categories involved in root system architecture and development, which are connected to amelioration of plant drought resistance. The hyper-induction of many drought/salt-responsive genes by GJW24 in Arabidopsis and Brassica demonstrated that the drought/salt stress tolerance conferred by GJW24 might be achieved, at least in part, through regulating the expression of the corresponding genes. This study suggests that GJW24 can be utilized as a microbial agent to offset the detrimental effects of drought stress in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hani Kim
- Department of Biology Education, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Og-Geum Woo
- Department of Biology Education, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Bin Kim
- Department of Biology Education, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Yoon
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Jong-Shik Kim
- Marine Industry Research Institute for East Sea Rim, Uljin, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Jun Sul
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Yeon Hwang
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Jae-Hoon Lee
- Department of Biology Education, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
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Su Z, Jiao Y, Jiang Z, Liu P, Chen Q, Qu Y, Deng X. GBSOT4 Enhances the Resistance of Gossypium barbadense to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum (FOV) by Regulating the Content of Flavonoid. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3529. [PMID: 37895991 PMCID: PMC10609824 DOI: 10.3390/plants12203529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Sulfotransferases (SOTs) (EC 2.8.2.-) are sulfate regulatory proteins in a variety of organisms that have been previously shown to be involved in regulating a variety of physiological and biological processes, such as growth, development, adaptation to land, stomatal closure, drought tolerance, and response to pathogen infection. However, there is a lack of comprehensive identification and systematic analysis of SOT in cotton, especially in G. barbadense. In this study, we used bioinformatics methods to analyze the structural characteristics, phylogenetic relationships, gene structure, expression patterns, evolutionary relationships, selection pressure and stress response of SOT gene family members in G. barbadense. In this study, a total of 241 SOT genes were identified in four cotton species, among which 74 SOT gene members were found in G. barbadense. According to the phylogenetic tree, 241 SOT protein sequences were divided into five distinct subfamilies. We also mapped the physical locations of these genes on chromosomes and visualized the structural information of SOT genes in G. barbadense. We also predicted the cis-acting elements of the SOT gene in G. barbadense, and we identified the repetitive types and collinearity analysis of SOT genes in four cotton species. We calculated the Ka/Ks ratio between homologous gene pairs to elucidate the selective pressure between SOT genes. Transcriptome data were used to explore the expression patterns of SOT genes, and then qRT-PCR was used to detect the expression patterns of GBSOT4, GBSOT17 and GBSOT33 under FOV stress. WGCNA (weighted gene co-expression network analysis) showed that GB_A01G0479 (GBSOT4) belonged to the MEblue module, which may regulate the resistance mechanism of G. barbadense to FOV through plant hormones, signal transduction and glutathione metabolism. In addition, we conducted a VIGS (virus-induced gene silencing) experiment on GBSOT4, and the results showed that after FOV inoculation, the plants with a silenced target gene had more serious leaf wilting, drying and cracking than the control group, and the disease index of the plants with the silenced target gene was significantly higher than that of the control group. This suggests that GBSOT4 may be involved in protecting the production of G. barbadense from FOV infection. Subsequent metabolomics analysis showed that some flavonoid metabolites, such as Eupatorin-5-methylether (3'-hydroxy-5,6,7,4'-tetramethoxyflavone, were accumulated in cotton plants in response to FOV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanlian Su
- College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (Z.S.); (Y.J.); (Z.J.); (P.L.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Yang Jiao
- College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (Z.S.); (Y.J.); (Z.J.); (P.L.); (Y.Q.)
- Cotton Research Institute, Xinjiang Academy of Agriculture and Reclamation Science, Shihezi 832000, China
| | - Zhengwen Jiang
- College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (Z.S.); (Y.J.); (Z.J.); (P.L.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Pengfei Liu
- College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (Z.S.); (Y.J.); (Z.J.); (P.L.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Quanjia Chen
- College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (Z.S.); (Y.J.); (Z.J.); (P.L.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Yanying Qu
- College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (Z.S.); (Y.J.); (Z.J.); (P.L.); (Y.Q.)
| | - Xiaojuan Deng
- College of Agriculture, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (Z.S.); (Y.J.); (Z.J.); (P.L.); (Y.Q.)
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Pakzad R, Fatehi F, Kalantar M, Maleki M. Proteomics approach to investigating osmotic stress effects on pistachio. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1041649. [PMID: 36762186 PMCID: PMC9907329 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1041649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Osmotic stress can occur due to some stresses such as salinity and drought, threatening plant survival. To investigate the mechanism governing the pistachio response to this stress, the biochemical alterations and protein profile of PEG-treated plants was monitored. Also, we selected two differentially abundant proteins to validate via Real-Time PCR. Biochemical results displayed that in treated plants, proline and phenolic content was elevated, photosynthetic pigments except carotenoid decreased and MDA concentration were not altered. Our findings identified a number of proteins using 2DE-MS, involved in mitigating osmotic stress in pistachio. A total of 180 protein spots were identified, of which 25 spots were altered in response to osmotic stress. Four spots that had photosynthetic activities were down-regulated, and the remaining spots were up-regulated. The biological functional analysis of protein spots exhibited that most of them are associated with the photosynthesis and metabolism (36%) followed by stress response (24%). Results of Real-Time PCR indicated that two of the representative genes illustrated a positive correlation among transcript level and protein expression and had a similar trend in regulation of gene and protein. Osmotic stress set changes in the proteins associated with photosynthesis and stress tolerance, proteins associated with the cell wall, changes in the expression of proteins involved in DNA and RNA processing occur. Findings of this research will introduce possible proteins and pathways that contribute to osmotic stress and can be considered for improving osmotic tolerance in pistachio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rambod Pakzad
- Department of Plant Breeding, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran
| | - Foad Fatehi
- Department of Agriculture, Payame Noor University (PNU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mansour Kalantar
- Department of Plant Breeding, Yazd Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran
| | - Mahmood Maleki
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Science and High Technology and Environmental Sciences, Graduate University of Advanced Technology, Kerman, Iran
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Ma D, Cai J, Ma Q, Wang W, Zhao L, Li J, Su L. Comparative time-course transcriptome analysis of two contrasting alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.) genotypes reveals tolerance mechanisms to salt stress. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1070846. [PMID: 36570949 PMCID: PMC9773191 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1070846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress is a major abiotic stress affecting plant growth and crop yield. For the successful cultivation of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), a key legume forage, in saline-affected areas, it's essential to explore genetic modifications to improve salt-tolerance.Transcriptome assay of two comparative alfalfa genotypes, Adina and Zhaodong, following a 4 h and 8 h's 300 mM NaCl treatment was conducted in this study in order to investigate the molecular mechanism in alfalfa under salt stress conditions. Results showed that we obtained 875,023,571 transcripts and 662,765,594 unigenes were abtained from the sequenced libraries, and 520,091 assembled unigenes were annotated in at least one database. Among them, we identified 1,636 differentially expression genes (DEGs) in Adina, of which 1,426 were up-regulated and 210 down-regulated, and 1,295 DEGs in Zhaodong, of which 565 were up-regulated and 730 down-regulated. GO annotations and KEGG pathway enrichments of the DEGs based on RNA-seq data indicated that DEGs were involved in (1) ion and membrane homeostasis, including ABC transporter, CLC, NCX, and NHX; (2) Ca2+ sensing and transduction, including BK channel, EF-hand domain, and calmodulin binding protein; (3) phytohormone signaling and regulation, including TPR, FBP, LRR, and PP2C; (4) transcription factors, including zinc finger proteins, YABBY, and SBP-box; (5) antioxidation process, including GST, PYROX, and ALDH; (6) post-translational modification, including UCH, ubiquitin family, GT, MT and SOT. The functional roles of DEGs could explain the variations in salt tolerance performance observed between the two alfalfa genotypes Adina and Zhaodong. Our study widens the understanding of the sophisticated molecular response and tolerance mechanism to salt stress, providing novel insights on candidate genes and pathways for genetic modification involved in salt stress adaptation in alfalfa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Ma
- Breeding Base for State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwest China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystems in Northwest China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jinjun Cai
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Yinchuan, China
| | - Qiaoli Ma
- Agricultural College, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Breeding Base for State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwest China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystems in Northwest China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Lijuan Zhao
- Breeding Base for State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwest China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystems in Northwest China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jiawen Li
- Breeding Base for State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwest China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystems in Northwest China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Lina Su
- Breeding Base for State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwest China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystems in Northwest China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
- Key Laboratory of Modern Molecular Breeding for Dominant and Special Crops in Ningxia, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
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Shahzad B, Rehman A, Tanveer M, Wang L, Park SK, Ali A. Salt Stress in Brassica: Effects, Tolerance Mechanisms, and Management. JOURNAL OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATION 2022. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1007/s00344-021-10338-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
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Kiiskila JD, Sarkar D, Datta R. Differential protein abundance of vetiver grass in response to acid mine drainage. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:829-842. [PMID: 34109636 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Acid mine drainage (AMD) is an acidic and metalliferous discharge that imposes oxidative stress on living things through bioaccumulation and physical exposure. The abandoned Tab-Simco mining site of Southern Illinois generates highly acidic AMD with elevated sulfate (SO4 2- ) and various metals. Vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides) is effective for the remediation of Tab-Simco AMD at both mesocosm and microcosm levels over extended periods. In this study, we conducted a proteomic investigation of vetiver shoots under short and long-term exposure to AMD. Our objective was to decipher the physiological responses of vetiver to the combined abiotic stresses of AMD (metal and low pH). Differential regulation was observed for longer-term (56 days) exposure to AMD, which resulted in 17 upregulated and nine downregulated proteins, whereas shorter-term (7 days) exposure led to 14 upregulated and 14 downregulated proteins. There were significant changes to photosynthesis, including upregulation of electron transport chain proteins for light-dependent reactions after 56 days, whereas differential regulation of enzymes relating to C4 carbon fixation was observed after 7 days. Significant changes in amino acid and nitrogen metabolism, including upregulation of ethylene and flavonoid biosynthesis, along with plant response to nitrogen starvation, were observed. Short-term changes also included upregulation of glutathione reductase and methionine sulfoxide reductase, whereas longer-term changes included changes in protein misfolding and ER-associated protein degradation for stress management and acclimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Kiiskila
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
- Department of Natural Sciences, Chadron State College, Chadron, Nebraska, USA
| | - Dibyendu Sarkar
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Ocean Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey, USA
| | - Rupali Datta
- Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA
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Ahn E, Prom LK, Hu Z, Odvody G, Magill C. Genome-wide association analysis for response of Senegalese sorghum accessions to Texas isolates of anthracnose. THE PLANT GENOME 2021; 14:e20097. [PMID: 33900689 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Anthracnose disease of sorghum is caused by Colletotrichum sublineola, a filamentous fungus. The genetic basis of resistance to anthracnose in sorghum is largely unclear, especially in Senegalese sorghum germplasm. In this study, 163 Senegalese sorghum accessions were evaluated for response to C. sublineola, and a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed to identify genetic variation associated with response to C. sublineola using 193,727 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) throughout the genome. Germplasm diversity analysis showed low genetic diversity and slow linkage disequilibrium (LD) decay among the Senegalese accessions. Phenotypic analysis resulted in relatively low differences to C. sublineola among the tested population. Genome-wide association study did not identify any significant association based on a strict threshold for the number of SNPs available. However, individual analysis of the top eight SNPs associated with relative susceptibility and resistance identified candidate genes that have been shown to play important roles in plant stress tolerance in previous studies. This study identifies sorghum genes whose annotated properties have known roles in host defense and thus identify them as candidates for use in breeding for resistance to anthracnose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezekiel Ahn
- Dep. of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Louis K Prom
- USDA-ARS Southern Plains Agricultural Research Center, College Station, TX, 77845, USA
| | - Zhenbin Hu
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, Saint Louis, MO, 63132, USA
| | - Gary Odvody
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, Corpus Christi, TX, 78406, USA
| | - Clint Magill
- Dep. of Plant Pathology & Microbiology, Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX, 77843, USA
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Das Laha S, Dutta S, Schäffner AR, Das M. Gene duplication and stress genomics in Brassicas: Current understanding and future prospects. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 255:153293. [PMID: 33181457 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2020.153293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Polyploidy or whole genome duplication (WGD) is an evolutionary phenomenon that happened in all angiosperms multiple times over millions of years. Extensive studies on the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana genome have revealed that it has undergone five rounds of WGDs followed, in the Brassicaceae tribe, by a characteristic whole genome triplication (WGT). In addition, small-scale events such as tandem or segmental duplications and retrotransposition also enable plants to reshape their genomes. Over the decades, extensive research efforts have been undertaken to understand the evolutionary significance of polyploidy. On the other hand, much less attention has been paid to understanding the impact of gene duplication on the diversification of important stress response genes. The main objective of this review is to discuss key aspects of gene and genome duplications with a focus on genes primarily regulated by osmotic stresses. The focal family is the Brassicaceae, since it (i) underwent multiple rounds of WGDs plus WGTs, (ii) hosts many economically important crops and wild relatives that are tolerant to a range of stresses, and (iii) comprises many species that have already been sequenced. Diverse molecular mechanisms that lead to structural and regulatory alterations of duplicated genes are discussed. Examples are drawn from recent literature to elucidate expanded, stress responsive gene families identified from different Brassica crops. A combined bioinformatic and transcriptomic method has been proposed and tested on a known stress-responsive gene pair to prove that stress-responsive duplicated allelic variants can be identified by this method. Finally, future prospects for engineering these genes into crops to enhance stress tolerance are discussed, and important resources for Brassica genome research are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shayani Das Laha
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Smritikana Dutta
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Anton R Schäffner
- Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Department of Environmental Sciences, Helmholtz Zentrum München, München, Germany
| | - Malay Das
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India.
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