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Shin J, Hong J, Edwards-Glenn J, Krukovets I, Tkachenko S, Adelus ML, Romanoski CE, Rajagopalan S, Podrez E, Byzova TV, Stenina-Adongravi O, Cherepanova OA. Unraveling the Role of Sex in Endothelial Cell Dysfunction: Evidence From Lineage Tracing Mice and Cultured Cells. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2024; 44:238-253. [PMID: 38031841 PMCID: PMC10842863 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.123.319833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biological sex differences play a vital role in cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis. The endothelium is a critical contributor to cardiovascular pathologies since endothelial cells (ECs) regulate vascular tone, redox balance, and inflammatory reactions. Although EC activation and dysfunction play an essential role in the early and late stages of atherosclerosis development, little is known about sex-dependent differences in EC. METHODS We used human and mouse aortic EC as well as EC-lineage tracing (Cdh5-CreERT2 Rosa-YFP [yellow fluorescence protein]) atherosclerotic Apoe-/- mice to investigate the biological sexual dimorphism of the EC functions in vitro and in vivo. Bioinformatics analyses were performed on male and female mouse aortic EC and human lung and aortic EC. RESULTS In vitro, female human and mouse aortic ECs showed more apoptosis and higher cellular reactive oxygen species levels than male EC. In addition, female mouse aortic EC had lower mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), lower TFAM (mitochondrial transcription factor A) levels, and decreased angiogenic potential (tube formation, cell viability, and proliferation) compared with male mouse aortic EC. In vivo, female mice had significantly higher lipid accumulation within the aortas, impaired glucose tolerance, and lower endothelial-mediated vasorelaxation than males. Using the EC-lineage tracing approach, we found that female lesions had significantly lower rates of intraplaque neovascularization and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition within advanced atherosclerotic lesions but higher incidents of missing EC lumen coverage and higher levels of oxidative products and apoptosis. RNA-seq analyses revealed that both mouse and human female EC had higher expression of genes associated with inflammation and apoptosis and lower expression of genes related to angiogenesis and oxidative phosphorylation than male EC. CONCLUSIONS Our study delineates critical sex-specific differences in EC relevant to proinflammatory, pro-oxidant, and angiogenic characteristics, which are entirely consistent with a vulnerable phenotype in females. Our results provide a biological basis for sex-specific proatherosclerotic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchul Shin
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Junyoung Hong
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jonnelle Edwards-Glenn
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Irene Krukovets
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Svyatoslav Tkachenko
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Maria L. Adelus
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
- Clinical Translational Sciences Graduate Program, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Casey E. Romanoski
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Sanjay Rajagopalan
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Eugene Podrez
- Department of Inflammation and Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Tatiana V. Byzova
- Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Olga Stenina-Adongravi
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Olga A. Cherepanova
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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2
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Cartland SP, Stanley CP, Bursill C, Passam F, Figtree GA, Patel S, Loa J, Golledge J, Robinson DA, Aitken SJ, Kavurma MM. Sex, Endothelial Cell Functions, and Peripheral Artery Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17439. [PMID: 38139267 PMCID: PMC10744086 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is caused by blocked arteries due to atherosclerosis and/or thrombosis which reduce blood flow to the lower limbs. It results in major morbidity, including ischemic limb, claudication, and amputation, with patients also suffering a heightened risk of heart attack, stroke, and death. Recent studies suggest women have a higher prevalence of PAD than men, and with worse outcomes after intervention. In addition to a potential unconscious bias faced by women with PAD in the health system, with underdiagnosis, and lower rates of guideline-based therapy, fundamental biological differences between men and women may be important. In this review, we highlight sexual dimorphisms in endothelial cell functions and how they may impact PAD pathophysiology in women. Understanding sex-specific mechanisms in PAD is essential for the development of new therapies and personalized care for patients with PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siân P. Cartland
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia; (S.P.C.); (C.P.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Christopher P. Stanley
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia; (S.P.C.); (C.P.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Christina Bursill
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia;
- Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
| | - Freda Passam
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; (F.P.); (G.A.F.); (S.J.A.)
| | - Gemma A. Figtree
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; (F.P.); (G.A.F.); (S.J.A.)
- Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2064, Australia
| | - Sanjay Patel
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia; (S.P.C.); (C.P.S.); (S.P.)
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia (D.A.R.)
| | - Jacky Loa
- Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia (D.A.R.)
| | - Jonathan Golledge
- Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia;
- Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville University Hospital, Townsville, QLD 4814, Australia
| | | | - Sarah J. Aitken
- Faculty of Health and Medicine, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia; (F.P.); (G.A.F.); (S.J.A.)
- Concord Institute of Academic Surgery, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, NSW 2139, Australia
| | - Mary M. Kavurma
- Heart Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2042, Australia; (S.P.C.); (C.P.S.); (S.P.)
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3
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Baldwin SN, Jepps TA, Greenwood IA. Cycling matters: Sex hormone regulation of vascular potassium channels. Channels (Austin) 2023; 17:2217637. [PMID: 37243715 PMCID: PMC10228406 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2023.2217637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sex hormones and the reproductive cycle (estrus in rodents and menstrual in humans) have a known impact on arterial function. In spite of this, sex hormones and the estrus/menstrual cycle are often neglected experimental factors in vascular basic preclinical scientific research. Recent research by our own laboratory indicates that cyclical changes in serum concentrations of sex -hormones across the rat estrus cycle, primary estradiol, have significant consequences for the subcellular trafficking and function of KV. Vascular potassium channels, including KV, are essential components of vascular reactivity. Our study represents a small part of a growing field of literature aimed at determining the role of sex hormones in regulating arterial ion channel function. This review covers key findings describing the current understanding of sex hormone regulation of vascular potassium channels, with a focus on KV channels. Further, we highlight areas of research where the estrus cycle should be considered in future studies to determine the consequences of physiological oscillations in concentrations of sex hormones on vascular potassium channel function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel N Baldwin
- Vascular Biology Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas A Jepps
- Vascular Biology Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Iain A Greenwood
- Vascular Biology Research Centre, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, St George’s University of London, London, UK
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Shekar Roy H, K M N, Rajput S, Sadhukhan S, Gowri V, Hassan Dar A, Monga M, Salaria N, Guha R, Chattopadhyay N, Jayamurugan G, Ghosh D. Efficient Nitric Oxide Scavenging by Urea-Functionalized Push-Pull Chromophore Modulates NO-Mediated Diseases. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301748. [PMID: 37431238 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
The excess nitric oxide (NO) produced in the body in response to bacterial/proinflammatory stimuli is responsible for several pathological conditions. The current approaches that target the production of excess NO, either through the inhibition of nitric oxide synthase enzyme or its downstream mediators have been clinically unsuccessful. With an aim to regulate the excess NO, urea-functionalized push-pull chromophores containing 1,1,4,4-tetracyanobuta-1,3-dienes (TCBD) or expanded TCBD (eTCBD) were developed as NO scavengers. The NMR mechanistic studies revealed that upon NO binding, these molecules are converted to uncommon stable NONOates. The unique emissive property of Urea-eTCBD enables its application in vitro, as a NO-sensor. Furthermore, the cytocompatible Urea-eTCBD, rapidly inactivated the NO released from LPS-activated cells. The therapeutic efficacy of the molecule in modulating NO-mediated pathological condition was confirmed using a carrageenan-induced inflammatory paw model and a corneal injury model. While the results confirm the advantages of scavenging the excess NO to address a multitude of NO-mediated diseases, the promising sensing and bioactivity of Urea-eTCBD can motivate further exploration of such molecules in allied areas of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himadri Shekar Roy
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Neethu K M
- Energy Environment Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Swati Rajput
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in ASTHI, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sreyanko Sadhukhan
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in ASTHI, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vijayendran Gowri
- Energy Environment Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Arif Hassan Dar
- Energy Environment Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Malika Monga
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Navita Salaria
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Rajdeep Guha
- Division of Laboratory Animal Facility, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Naibedya Chattopadhyay
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in ASTHI, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Govindasamy Jayamurugan
- Energy Environment Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Deepa Ghosh
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India
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Klebe S, Leigh J, Henderson DW, Nurminen M. Asbestos, Smoking and Lung Cancer: An Update. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 17:ijerph17010258. [PMID: 31905913 PMCID: PMC6982078 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17010258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This review updates the scientific literature concerning asbestos and lung cancer, emphasizing cumulative exposure and synergism between asbestos exposure and tobacco smoke, and proposes an evidence-based and equitable approach to compensation for asbestos-related lung cancer cases. This update is based on several earlier reviews written by the second and third authors on asbestos and lung cancer since 1995. We reevaluated the peer-reviewed epidemiologic studies. In addition, selected in vivo and in vitro animal studies and molecular and cellular studies in humans were included. We conclude that the mechanism of lung cancer causation induced by the interdependent coaction of asbestos fibers and tobacco smoke at a biological level is a multistage stochastic process with both agents acting conjointly at all times. The new knowledge gained through this review provides the evidence for synergism between asbestos exposure and tobacco smoke in lung cancer causation at a biological level. The evaluated statistical data conform best to a multiplicative model for the interaction effects of asbestos and smoking on the lung cancer risk, with no requirement for asbestosis. Any asbestos exposure, even in a heavy smoker, contributes to causation. Based on this information, we propose criteria for the attribution of lung cancer to asbestos in smokers and non-smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Klebe
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, SA Pathology and Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-08-820-439-36
| | - James Leigh
- Asbestos Diseases Research Institute, University of Sydney, Concord, NSW 2139, Australia;
| | - Douglas W. Henderson
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, SA Pathology and Flinders University, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia
| | - Markku Nurminen
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
- MarkStat Consultancy, 00250 Helsinki, Finland
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