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Owusu D, Dawood FS, Azziz-Baumgartner E, Tinoco Y, Soto G, Gonzalez O, Cabrera S, Florian R, Llajaruna E, Hunt DR, Wesley MG, Yau T, Arriola CS. Effectiveness of Maternal Influenza Vaccination in Peru PRIME Cohort. Open Forum Infect Dis 2023; 10:ofad033. [PMID: 36817741 PMCID: PMC9927556 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Few studies have examined influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) among women during pregnancy in middle-income countries. We used data from a prospective cohort of women who were pregnant in Peru to estimate effectiveness of the 2018 Southern Hemisphere influenza vaccine. Methods Women at <28 weeks gestation were enrolled from 4 tertiary level hospitals in Lima, Peru at the start of the 2018 influenza season and followed until the end of their pregnancies. Participants had mid-turbinate nasal swabs collected and tested for influenza by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) with onset of ≥1 of myalgia, cough, runny nose or nasal congestion, sore throat, or difficulty breathing. Time-varying Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to estimate the risk of RT-PCR-confirmed influenza infection after adjusting for inverse probability treatment weight. Results We followed 1896 women for a median of 127 days (interquartile range [IQR], 86-174). Participants had a median age of 29 years (IQR, 24-34). Among the 1896 women, 49% were vaccinated with the 2018 influenza vaccine and 1039 (55%) developed influenza-like illness, 76 (7%) of whom had RT-PCR-confirmed influenza. Incidence rates of RT-PCR-confirmed influenza were 36.6 and 15.3 per 100 000 person-days among women who were unvaccinated and vaccinated, respectively. Adjusted influenza VE was 22% (95% confidence interval, -64.1% to 62.9%). Conclusions Participants vaccinated against influenza had more than 50% lower incidence of RT-PCR-confirmed influenza illness. Although the VE estimated through propensity weight-adjusted time-varying Cox regression did not reach statistical significance, our findings provide additional evidence about the value of maternal influenza vaccination in middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Owusu
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Fatimah S Dawood
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Yeny Tinoco
- U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Bellavista, Peru
| | - Giselle Soto
- U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6, Bellavista, Peru
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Meredith G Wesley
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Abt Associates, Inc., Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Tat Yau
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Carmen S Arriola
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
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Leite JA, Vicari A, Perez E, Siqueira M, Resende P, Motta FC, Freitas L, Fernandez J, Parra B, Castillo A, Fasce R, Martinez Caballero AA, Gresh L, Aldighieri S, Gabastou JM, Franco L, Mendez-Rico J. Implementation of a COVID-19 Genomic Surveillance Regional Network for Latin America and Caribbean region. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0252526. [PMID: 35239677 PMCID: PMC8893691 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The timely release of SARS-CoV-2 first genomic sequences allowed the identification of the etiologic agent and development of diagnostic protocols. Genomic sequencing was a crucial step in generating data for driving laboratory response and detections of SARS-CoV-2 since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Because of all the progression and achievements that timely release of genetic sequence data represents in the public health response, the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) in collaboration with countries' public health laboratories, started implementation of a network for strengthening the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) region on timely generation of SARS-CoV-2 genomic data. Here we describe the implementation of the COVID-19 Genomic Surveillance Regional Network in the Americas region during the beginning of the pandemic. The establishment of this network has strengthened laboratory response capacity at the country level, as well as facilitated timely release of SARS-CoV-2 genomic information to be used to complement the multiple response strategies for COVID-19 pandemic mitigation. As genomic epidemiology is useful for guiding public health decisions on outbreak and response, we also analysed the first SARS-CoV-2 genomic sequence data from countries of the Latin America and Caribbean Region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Almeida Leite
- Health Emergencies Department, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Andrea Vicari
- Health Emergencies Department, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Enrique Perez
- Health Emergencies Department, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Marilda Siqueira
- Laboratorio de Virus Respiratorio, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Paola Resende
- Laboratorio de Virus Respiratorio, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Fernando Couto Motta
- Laboratorio de Virus Respiratorio, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lucas Freitas
- Laboratorio de Virus Respiratorio, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jorge Fernandez
- Subdepartamento Genética Molecular, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Barbara Parra
- Subdepartamento Genética Molecular, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrés Castillo
- Subdepartamento Genética Molecular, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Fasce
- Subdepartamento Enfermidades Virales, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | - Lionel Gresh
- Health Emergencies Department, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Sylvain Aldighieri
- Health Emergencies Department, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Jean-Marc Gabastou
- Health Emergencies Department, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Leticia Franco
- Health Emergencies Department, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Jairo Mendez-Rico
- Health Emergencies Department, Pan American Health Organization, Washington, DC, United States of America
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Alvarez-Munoz S, Upegui-Porras N, Gomez AP, Ramirez-Nieto G. Key Factors That Enable the Pandemic Potential of RNA Viruses and Inter-Species Transmission: A Systematic Review. Viruses 2021; 13:537. [PMID: 33804942 PMCID: PMC8063802 DOI: 10.3390/v13040537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses play a primary role as etiological agents of pandemics worldwide. Although there has been progress in identifying the molecular features of both viruses and hosts, the extent of the impact these and other factors have that contribute to interspecies transmission and their relationship with the emergence of diseases are poorly understood. The objective of this review was to analyze the factors related to the characteristics inherent to RNA viruses accountable for pandemics in the last 20 years which facilitate infection, promote interspecies jump, and assist in the generation of zoonotic infections with pandemic potential. The search resulted in 48 research articles that met the inclusion criteria. Changes adopted by RNA viruses are influenced by environmental and host-related factors, which define their ability to adapt. Population density, host distribution, migration patterns, and the loss of natural habitats, among others, have been associated as factors in the virus-host interaction. This review also included a critical analysis of the Latin American context, considering its diverse and unique social, cultural, and biodiversity characteristics. The scarcity of scientific information is striking, thus, a call to local institutions and governments to invest more resources and efforts to the study of these factors in the region is key.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Gloria Ramirez-Nieto
- Microbiology and Epidemiology Research Group, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá 111321, Colombia; (S.A.-M.); (N.U.-P.); (A.P.G.)
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