1
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Hagemann CL, Macedo AJ, Tasca T. Therapeutic potential of antimicrobial peptides against pathogenic protozoa. Parasitol Res 2024; 123:122. [PMID: 38311672 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-024-08133-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Protozoal infections cause significant morbidity and mortality in humans and animals. The use of several antiprotozoal drugs is associated with serious adverse effects and resistance development, and drugs that are more effective are urgently needed. Microorganisms, mammalian cells and fluids, insects, and reptiles are sources of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) that act against pathogenic microorganisms; these AMPs have been widely studied as a promising alternative therapeutic option to conventional antibiotics, aiming to treat infections caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens. One advantage of AMP molecules is their adaptability, as they can be easily fine-tuned for broad-spectrum or targeted activity by changing the amino acid residues in their sequence. Consequently, these variations in structural and physicochemical properties can alter the antimicrobial activities of AMPs and decrease resistance development. This article presents an overview of peptide activities against amebiasis, giardiasis, trichomoniasis, Chagas disease, leishmaniasis, malaria, and toxoplasmosis. AMPs and their analogs demonstrate great potential as therapeutics, with potent and selective activity, when compared with commercially available drugs, and hold the potential to act as new scaffolds for the development of novel anti-protozoal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Lobato Hagemann
- Faculdade de Farmácia and Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 2752, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Alexandre José Macedo
- Faculdade de Farmácia and Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 2752, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Tiana Tasca
- Faculdade de Farmácia and Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Avenida Ipiranga, 2752, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90610-000, Brazil.
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2
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Costa NS, dos Anjos LR, de Souza JV, Brasil MCDA, Moreira VP, Graminha MAS, Lubec G, Gonzalez ERP, Cilli EM. Development of New Leishmanicidal Compounds via Bioconjugation of Antimicrobial Peptides and Antileishmanial Guanidines. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:34008-34016. [PMID: 37744786 PMCID: PMC10515597 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis refers to a collection of diseases caused by protozoa from the Leishmania genus. These diseases, along with other parasitic afflictions, pose a significant public health issue, particularly given the escalating number of at-risk patients. This group includes immunocompromised individuals and those residing in impoverished conditions. The treatment of leishmaniasis is crucial, particularly in light of the mortality rate associated with nontreatment, which stands at 20-30,000 deaths per year globally. However, the therapeutic options currently available are limited, often ineffective, and potentially toxic. Consequently, the pursuit of new therapeutic alternatives is warranted. This study aims to design, synthesize, and evaluate the leishmanicidal activity of antimicrobial peptides functionalized with guanidine compounds and identify those with enhanced potency and selectivity against the parasite. Accordingly, three bioconjugates were obtained by using the solid-phase peptide synthesis protocol. Each proved to be more potent against intracellular amastigotes than their respective peptide or guanidine compounds alone and demonstrated higher selectivity to the parasites than to the host cells. Thus, the conjugation strategy employed with these compounds effectively contributes to the development of new molecules with leishmanicidal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia
C. S. Costa
- Department
of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, Institute
of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14800-060 Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luana Ribeiro dos Anjos
- Fine
Organic Chemistry Lab, School of Sciences and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 19060-080 Presidente
Prudente, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Victor
Marcelino de Souza
- Department
of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, Institute
of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14800-060 Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Vitor Partite Moreira
- Fine
Organic Chemistry Lab, School of Sciences and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 19060-080 Presidente
Prudente, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcia A. S. Graminha
- School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo
State University (UNESP), 14800-903 Araraquara, São
Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gert Lubec
- Department
of Neuroproteomics, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Eduardo Rene P. Gonzalez
- Fine
Organic Chemistry Lab, School of Sciences and Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 19060-080 Presidente
Prudente, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Maffud Cilli
- Department
of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, Institute
of Chemistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 14800-060 Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
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Silva ML, Carneiro MN, Cavalcante RMB, Guerrero JAP, Fontenelle ROS, Lorenzón EN, Cilli EM, Carneiro VA. K-aurein: A notable aurein 1.2-derived peptide that modulates Candida albicans filamentation and reduces biofilm biomass. Amino Acids 2023; 55:1003-1012. [PMID: 37442853 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03288-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Candida albicans is considered one of the most important opportunistic fungi due to the large arsenal of virulence factors that help throughout the progress of the infection. In this sense, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) appear as an alternative, with great antifungal action. Among these, aurein 1.2 has been widely explored, becoming the basis for the discovery of new AMPs, such as K-aurein (K-au). Thus, this study evaluated the anti-C. albicans potential of K-au against virulence factors, planktonic growth, and biofilm formation of clinical isolates. Firstly, K-au antifungal activity was determined by the microdilution method and time-kill curve. The inhibition of hydrolytic enzyme secretion (proteinase, phospholipase, and hemolysin) and germ tube formation was tested. Then, the antibiofilm potential of K-au was verified through biomass quantification and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). All tests were compared with the classical antifungal drug, amphotericin B (AmB). The outcomes showed fungicidal action of K-au at 62.50 µg mL-1 for all isolates, with a time of action around 150-180 min, determined by the time-kill curve. K-au-treated cells decreased by around 40% of the germinative tube compared to the control. Additionally, K-au inhibited the biofilm formation by more than 90% compared to AmB and the control group. SEM images show apparent cellular disaggregation without the formation of filamentous structures. Therefore, the findings suggest a promising anti-C. albicans effect of K-au due to its fungicidal activity against planktonic cells, or its ability to inhibit important virulence factors like germ tube and biofilm formation. Thus, this peptide could be explored as a useful compound against C. albicans-related infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Laína Silva
- Laboratory of Biofilms and Antimicrobial Agents (LaBAM), Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara-UFC, Sobral, 62048-280, Brazil
| | - Maria Nágila Carneiro
- Laboratory of Biofilms and Antimicrobial Agents (LaBAM), Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara-UFC, Sobral, 62048-280, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Mesquita Bastos Cavalcante
- Laboratory of Biofilms and Antimicrobial Agents (LaBAM), Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara-UFC, Sobral, 62048-280, Brazil
| | - Jesús Alberto Pérez Guerrero
- Laboratory of Biofilms and Antimicrobial Agents (LaBAM), Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara-UFC, Sobral, 62048-280, Brazil
| | | | | | - Eduardo Maffud Cilli
- Department of Biochemistry and Organic Chemistry, Estadual University of São Paulo-UNESP, Araraquara, 14800-900, Brazil
| | - Victor Alves Carneiro
- Laboratory of Biofilms and Antimicrobial Agents (LaBAM), Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara-UFC, Sobral, 62048-280, Brazil.
- Center for Bioprospecting and Applied Molecular Experimentation (NUBEM), University Center INTA-UNINTA, Sobral, 62050-100, Brazil.
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Ornelas C, Astruc D. Ferrocene-Based Drugs, Delivery Nanomaterials and Fenton Mechanism: State of the Art, Recent Developments and Prospects. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2044. [PMID: 37631259 PMCID: PMC10458437 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15082044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferrocene has been the most used organometallic moiety introduced in organic and bioinorganic drugs to cure cancers and various other diseases. Following several pioneering studies, two real breakthroughs occurred in 1996 and 1997. In 1996, Jaouen et al. reported ferrocifens, ferrocene analogs of tamoxifen, the chemotherapeutic for hormone-dependent breast cancer. Several ferrocifens are now in preclinical evaluation. Independently, in 1997, ferroquine, an analog of the antimalarial drug chloroquine upon the introduction of a ferrocenyl substituent in the carbon chain, was reported by the Biot-Brocard group and found to be active against both chloroquine-sensitive and chloroquine-resistant strains of Plasmodium falciparum. Ferroquine, in combination with artefenomel, completed phase IIb clinical evaluation in 2019. More than 1000 studies have been published on ferrocenyl-containing pharmacophores against infectious diseases, including parasitic, bacterial, fungal, and viral infections, but the relationship between structure and biological activity has been scarcely demonstrated, unlike for ferrocifens and ferroquines. In a majority of ferrocene-containing drugs, however, the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), in particular the OH. radical, produced by Fenton catalysis, plays a key role and is scrutinized in this mini-review, together with the supramolecular approach utilizing drug delivery nanosystems, such as micelles, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), polymers, and dendrimers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catia Ornelas
- ChemistryX, R&D Department, R&D and Consulting Company, 9000-160 Funchal, Portugal
| | - Didier Astruc
- University of Bordeaux, ISM, UMR CNRS, No. 5255, 351 Cours de la Libération, CEDEX, 33405 Talence, France
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Effects of Dimerization, Dendrimerization, and Chirality in p-BthTX-I Peptide Analogs on the Antibacterial Activity and Enzymatic Inhibition of the SARS-CoV-2 PL pro Protein. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020436. [PMID: 36839758 PMCID: PMC9964244 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that the peptide [des-Cys11,Lys12,Lys13-(p-BthTX-I)2K] (p-Bth) is a p-BthTX-I analog that shows enhanced antimicrobial activity, stability and hemolytic activity, and is easy to obtain compared to the wild-type sequence. This molecule also inhibits SARS-CoV-2 viral infection in Vero cells, acting on SARS-CoV-2 PLpro enzymatic activity. Thus, the present study aimed to assess the effects of structural modifications to p-Bth, such as dimerization, dendrimerization and chirality, on the antibacterial activity and inhibitory properties of PLpro. The results showed that the dimerization or dendrimerization of p-Bth was essential for antibacterial activity, as the monomeric structure led to a total loss of, or significant reduction in, bacterial activities. The dimers and tetramers obtained using branched lysine proved to be prominent compounds with antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In addition, hemolysis rates were below 10% at the corresponding concentrations. Conversely, the inhibitory activity of the PLpro of SARS-CoV-2 was similar in the monomeric, dimeric and tetrameric forms of p-Bth. Our findings indicate the importance of the dimerization and dendrimerization of this important class of antimicrobial peptides, which shows great potential for antimicrobial and antiviral drug-discovery campaigns.
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Pereira MR, dos Santos VR, de Oliveira WC, Duque C, da Silva BF, Santos-Filho NA, Carneiro VA, Lorenzón EN, Cilli EM. Effects of Conjugation of Ferrocene and Gallic Acid On desCys 11/Lys 12/Lys 13-(p-BthTX-I) 2K Peptide: Structure, Permeabilization and Antibacterial Activity. Protein Pept Lett 2023; 30:690-698. [PMID: 37488753 DOI: 10.2174/0929866530666230721112129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antimicrobial resistance is an emerging global health challenge that has led researchers to study alternatives to conventional antibiotics. A promising alternative is antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), produced as the first line of defense by almost all living organisms. To improve its biological activity, the conjugation of AMPs is a promising approach. OBJECTIVE In this study, we evaluated the N-terminal conjugation of p-Bt (a peptide derived from Bothrops Jararacuçu`s venom) with ferrocene (Fc) and gallic acid (GA). Acetylated and linear versions of p-Bt were also synthesized to evaluate the importance of N-terminal charge and dimeric structure. METHODS The compounds were obtained using solid-phase peptide synthesis. Circular dichroism, vesicle permeabilization, antimicrobial activity, and cytotoxicity studies were conducted. RESULTS No increase in antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli was observed by adding either Fc or GA to p-Bt. However, Fc-p-Bt and GA-p-Bt exhibited improved activity against Staphylococcus aureus. No cytotoxicity upon fibroblast was observed for GA-p-Bt. On the other hand, conjugation with Fc increased cytotoxicity. This toxicity may be related to the membrane permeabilization capacity of this bioconjugate, which showed the highest carboxyfluorescein leakage in vesicle permeabilization experiments. CONCLUSION Considering these observations, our findings highlight the importance of adding bioactive organic compounds in the N-terminal position as a tool to modulate the activity of AMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Rodrigues Pereira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), SP, 14800-060, São Paulo, Araraquara, Brasil
| | - Vanessa Rodrigues dos Santos
- Departamento de Odontologia Preventiva e Restauradora, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araçatuba 16015-050, SP, Brasil
| | - Warlley Campos de Oliveira
- Departamento de Odontologia Preventiva e Restauradora, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araçatuba 16015-050, SP, Brasil
| | - Cristiane Duque
- Departamento de Odontologia Preventiva e Restauradora, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araçatuba 16015-050, SP, Brasil
- Dental Research Institute, Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade de Toronto, Toronto, ONM5G 1G6, Canadá
| | - Benise Ferreira da Silva
- Núcleo de Bioprospecção e Experimentação Molecular Aplicada (NUBEM), Centro Universitário INTA - UNINTA, Sobral, 62050-100, Ceará, Brasil
| | - Norival Alves Santos-Filho
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), SP, 14800-060, São Paulo, Araraquara, Brasil
| | - Victor Alves Carneiro
- Núcleo de Bioprospecção e Experimentação Molecular Aplicada (NUBEM), Centro Universitário INTA - UNINTA, Sobral, 62050-100, Ceará, Brasil
| | | | - Eduardo Maffud Cilli
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), SP, 14800-060, São Paulo, Araraquara, Brasil
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7
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Efficacy of natural antimicrobial peptides versus peptidomimetic analogues: a systematic review. Future Med Chem 2022; 14:1899-1921. [PMID: 36421051 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2022-0160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: This systematic review was carried out to determine whether synthetic peptidomimetics exhibit significant advantages over antimicrobial peptides in terms of in vitro potency. Structural features - molecular weight, charge and length - were examined for correlations with activity. Methods: Original research articles reporting minimum inhibitory concentration values against Escherichia coli, indexed until 31 December 2020, were searched in PubMed/ScienceDirect/Google Scholar and evaluated using mixed-effects models. Results: In vitro antimicrobial activity of peptidomimetics resembled that of antimicrobial peptides. Net charge significantly affected minimum inhibitory concentration values (p < 0.001) with a trend of 4.6% decrease for increments in charge by +1. Conclusion: AMPs and antibacterial peptidomimetics exhibit similar potencies, providing an opportunity to exploit the advantageous stability and bioavailability typically associated with peptidomimetics.
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Santi S, Biondi B, Cardena R, Bisello A, Schiesari R, Tomelleri S, Crisma M, Formaggio F. Helical versus Flat Bis-Ferrocenyl End-Capped Peptides: The Influence of the Molecular Skeleton on Redox Properties. Molecules 2022; 27:6128. [PMID: 36144860 PMCID: PMC9503075 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27186128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that peptide conjugates with a pendant ferrocenyl (Fc) have been widely investigated, bis-ferrocenyl end-capped peptides are rarely synthetized. In this paper, in addition to the full characterization of the Fc-CO-[L-Dap(Boc)]n-NH-Fc series, we report a comparison of the three series of bis-ferrocenyl homopeptides synthesized to date, to gain insights into the influence of α-amino isobutyric (Aib), 2,3-diamino propionic (Dap) and Cα,β-didehydroalanine (ΔAla) amino acids on the peptide secondary structure and on the ferrocene redox properties. The results obtained by 2D NMR analysis and X-ray crystal structures, and further supported by electrochemical data, evidence different behaviors depending on the nature of the amino acid; that is, the formation of 310-helices or fully extended (2.05-helix) structures. In these foldamers, the orientation of the carbonyl groups in the peptide helix yields a macrodipole with the positive pole on the N-terminal amino acid and the negative pole on the C-terminal amino acid, so that oxidation of the Fc moieties takes place more or less easily depending on the orientation of the macrodipole moment as the peptide chain grows. Conversely, the fully extended conformation adopted by ΔAla flat peptides neither generates a macrodipole nor affects Fc oxidation. The utilization as electrochemical and optical (Circular Dichroism) probes of the two terminal Fc groups, bound to the same peptide chain, makes it possible to study the end-to-end effects of the positive charges produced by single and double oxidations, and to evidence the presence "exciton-coupled" CD among the two intramolecularly interacting Fc groups of the L-Dap(Boc) series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Santi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Barbara Biondi
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Padova Unit, CNR, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Roberta Cardena
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Annalisa Bisello
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Renato Schiesari
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Tomelleri
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Crisma
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Padova Unit, CNR, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Fernando Formaggio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Padova Unit, CNR, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
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Dolganyuk V, Andreeva A, Sukhikh S, Kashirskikh E, Prosekov A, Ivanova S, Michaud P, Babich O. Study of the Physicochemical and Biological Properties of the Lipid Complex of Marine Microalgae Isolated from the Coastal Areas of the Eastern Water Area of the Baltic Sea. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27185871. [PMID: 36144605 PMCID: PMC9506268 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Baltic Sea algae species composition includes marine euryhaline, freshwater euryhaline, and true brackish water forms. This study aimed to isolate a lipid–pigment complex from microalgae of the Baltic Sea (Kaliningrad region) and investigate its antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Microalgae were sampled using a box-shaped bottom sampler. Sequencing was used for identification. Spectroscopy and chromatography with mass spectroscopy were used to study the properties of microalgae. Antibiotic activity was determined by the disc diffusion test. Lipids were extracted using the Folch method. Analysis of the results demonstrated the presence of antimicrobial activity of the lipid–pigment complex of microalgae against E. coli (the zone diameter was 17.0 ± 0.47 mm and 17.0 ± 0.21 mm in Chlorella vulgaris and Arthrospira platensis, respectively) and Bacillus pumilus (maximum inhibition diameter 16.0 ± 0.27 mm in C. vulgaris and 16.0 ± 0.22 mm in A. platensis). The cytotoxic and antioxidant activities of the lipid complexes of microalgae C. vulgaris and A. platensis were established and their physicochemical properties and fatty acid composition were studied. The results demonstrated that the lipid–pigment complex under experimental conditions was the most effective against P. pentosaceus among Gram-positive bacteria. Antimicrobial activity is directly related to the concentration of the lipid–pigment complex. The presence of antibacterial activity in microalgae lipid–pigment complexes opens the door to the development of alternative natural preparations for the prevention of microbial contamination of feed. Because of their biological activity, Baltic Sea microalgae can be used as an alternative to banned antibiotics in a variety of fields, including agriculture, medicine, cosmetology, and food preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vyacheslav Dolganyuk
- SEC “Applied Biotechnologies”,, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, A. Nevskogo Street 14, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Kemerovo State University, Krasnaya Street 6, 650043 Kemerovo, Russia
| | - Anna Andreeva
- SEC “Applied Biotechnologies”,, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, A. Nevskogo Street 14, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Stanislav Sukhikh
- SEC “Applied Biotechnologies”,, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, A. Nevskogo Street 14, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Egor Kashirskikh
- SEC “Applied Biotechnologies”,, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, A. Nevskogo Street 14, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia
| | - Alexander Prosekov
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis, Kemerovo State University, Krasnaya Street 6, 650043 Kemerovo, Russia
| | - Svetlana Ivanova
- Natural Nutraceutical Biotesting Laboratory, Kemerovo State University, Krasnaya Street 6, 650043 Kemerovo, Russia
- Department of General Mathematics and Informatics, Kemerovo State University, Krasnaya Street 6, 650043 Kemerovo, Russia
- Correspondence: (S.I.); (P.M.); Tel.: +7-384-239-6832 (S.I.); +33-473407425 (P.M.)
| | - Philippe Michaud
- Institut Pascal, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Correspondence: (S.I.); (P.M.); Tel.: +7-384-239-6832 (S.I.); +33-473407425 (P.M.)
| | - Olga Babich
- SEC “Applied Biotechnologies”,, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, A. Nevskogo Street 14, 236016 Kaliningrad, Russia
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10
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Santos FA, Cruz GS, Vieira FA, Queiroz BR, Freitas CD, Mesquita FP, Souza PF. Systematic Review of Antiprotozoal Potential of Antimicrobial Peptides. Acta Trop 2022; 236:106675. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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11
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Gunasekaran D, Gerchman Y, Vernick S. Electrochemical Detection of Waterborne Bacteria Using Bi-Functional Magnetic Nanoparticle Conjugates. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12010036. [PMID: 35049664 PMCID: PMC8774000 DOI: 10.3390/bios12010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Detection of microbial contamination in water is imperative to ensure water quality. We have developed an electrochemical method for the detection of E. coli using bi-functional magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) conjugates. The bi-functional MNP conjugates were prepared by terminal-specific conjugation of anti-E. coli IgG antibody and the electroactive marker ferrocene. The bi-functional MNP conjugate possesses both E. coli-specific binding and electroactive properties, which were studied in detail. The conjugation efficiency of ferrocene and IgG antibodies with amine-functionalized MNPs was investigated. Square-wave voltammetry enabled the detection of E. coli concentrations ranging from 101-107 cells/mL in a dose-dependent manner, as ferrocene-specific current signals were inversely dependent on E. coli concentrations, completely suppressed at concentrations higher than 107 cells/mL. The developed electrochemical method is highly sensitive (10 cells/mL) and, coupled to magnetic separation, provides specific signals within 1h. Overall, the bi-functional conjugates serve as ideal candidates for electrochemical detection of waterborne bacteria. This approach can be applied for the detection of other bacteria and viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharanivasan Gunasekaran
- Department of Sensing, Information and Mechanization Engineering, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Volcani Institute (ARO), Rishon leZion 5025001, Israel;
| | - Yoram Gerchman
- The Faculty of Natural Sciences, Oranim Academic College of Education, The University of Haifa, Tivon 3600600, Israel;
| | - Sefi Vernick
- Department of Sensing, Information and Mechanization Engineering, Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Volcani Institute (ARO), Rishon leZion 5025001, Israel;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +972-3-968-3499
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12
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Wieczorek-Błauż A, Kowalczyk K, Błauż A, Makal A, Pawlędzio S, Eurtivong C, Arabshahi HJ, Reynisson J, Hartinger CG, Rychlik B, Plażuk D. Impact of the ferrocenyl group on cytotoxicity and KSP inhibitory activity of ferrocenyl monastrol conjugates. Dalton Trans 2021; 51:491-508. [PMID: 34787141 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03553c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The incorporation of the ferrocenyl moiety into a bioactive molecule may significantly alter the activity of the resulting conjugate. By applying this strategy, we designed ferrocenyl analogs of monastrol - the first low molecular weight kinesin spindle protein (KSP) inhibitor. The obtained compounds showed low micromolar antiproliferative activity towards a panel of sensitive and ABC-overexpressing cancer cells. Most cytotoxic compounds exhibited also higher KSP modulatory activity and ability for ROS generation compared to monastrol. The increased bioactivity of the studied compounds can be attributed to the presence of the ferrocenyl group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wieczorek-Błauż
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łódź, Tamka 12, 91-403 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Karolina Kowalczyk
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łódź, Tamka 12, 91-403 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Andrzej Błauż
- Cytometry Lab, Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Łódź, Poland
| | - Anna Makal
- Laboratory for Structural and Biochemical Research, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, ul. Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Sylwia Pawlędzio
- Laboratory for Structural and Biochemical Research, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, Department of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, ul. Żwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Chatchakorn Eurtivong
- Program in Chemical Science, Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok 10210, Thailand.,Center of Excellence on Environmental Health and Toxicology (EHT), Commission on Higher Education (CHE), Ministry of Education, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Homayon J Arabshahi
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Jóhannes Reynisson
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.,School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University, Staffordshire ST5 5BG, UK
| | | | - Błażej Rychlik
- Cytometry Lab, Department of Molecular Biophysics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection University of Łódź, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Łódź, Poland
| | - Damian Plażuk
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Łódź, Tamka 12, 91-403 Łódź, Poland.
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13
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Eto SF, Fernandes DC, Baldassi AC, Balbuena TS, da Costa Alecrim JV, Almeida de Carvalho FC, Lima C, Lopes-Ferreira M, Pizauro JM. Proteomic analysis capsule synthesis and redox mechanisms in the intracellular survival of group B Streptococcus in fish microglia. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 118:34-50. [PMID: 34464686 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Group B Streptococcus (GBS) causes meningitis in neonates and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The molecular mechanisms regulating the intracellular survival of this pathogen in the host cell are complex and crucial for the progression of infection. Thus, we propose the use of GBS-infected Nile tilapia microglia as an in vitro model system simulating infection caused by homologous bacteria in humans. We used this model to evaluate the phagocytic activity, as well as the functional aspects of the capsular proteins A, B, C, and D and the major redox enzymes, and the synergistic role of mechanisms/proteins involved in blocking phagocytic process. We observed that in the intracellular phase, GBS showed enhanced synthesis of the polysaccharide capsule and used superoxide dismutase, thioredoxin, NADH oxidase, and alkyl hydroperoxide reductase to scavenge reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species produced by the host cell. Furthermore, although these virulence mechanisms were effective during the initial hours of infection, they were not able to subvert microglial responses, which partially neutralized the infection. Altogether, our findings provided important information regarding the intracellular survival mechanisms of GBS and perspectives for the production of new drugs and vaccines, through the druggability analysis of specific proteins. In conclusion, tilapia microglia serve as a potent in vitro experimental model for the study of meningitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silas Fernandes Eto
- Department of Postgraduate in Health Sciences-PROCISA, Federal University of Roraima (UFRR), Boa Vista, 69310-000, Brazil.
| | - Dayanne Carla Fernandes
- Immunochemistry Laboratory, Butantan Institute, (CeTICs/FAPESP), Vital Brazil Avenue, 1500, Butantã, 05503-009, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda Cristina Baldassi
- Department of Technology, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, 14884-900, Sao Paulo/ SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago Santana Balbuena
- Department of Technology, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, 14884-900, Sao Paulo/ SP, Brazil
| | - João Victor da Costa Alecrim
- Department of Postgraduate in Health Sciences-PROCISA, Federal University of Roraima (UFRR), Boa Vista, 69310-000, Brazil
| | | | - Carla Lima
- Immunoregulation Unit of the Laboratory of Applied Toxinology (CeTICs/FAPESP), Butantan Institute, Vital Brazil Avenue, 1500, Butantã, 05503-009, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Monica Lopes-Ferreira
- Immunoregulation Unit of the Laboratory of Applied Toxinology (CeTICs/FAPESP), Butantan Institute, Vital Brazil Avenue, 1500, Butantã, 05503-009, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Martins Pizauro
- Department of Technology, School of Agrarian and Veterinary Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal, 14884-900, Sao Paulo/ SP, Brazil
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14
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Wieczorek-Błauż A, Błauż A, Rychlik B, Plażuk D. The synthesis and biological activity of the 3-ferrocenylpropenamides derived from 5(4H)-oxazolones. J Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.122026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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15
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Wang C, Hong T, Cui P, Wang J, Xia J. Antimicrobial peptides towards clinical application: Delivery and formulation. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 175:113818. [PMID: 34090965 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides hold promise to supplement small molecules antibiotics and combat the multidrug resistant microbes. There are however technical hurdles towards the clinical applications, largely due to the inherent limitations of peptides including stability, cytotoxicity and bioavailability. Here we review recent studies concerning the delivery and formulation of antimicrobial peptides, by categorizing the different strategies as driven by physical interactions or chemical conjugation reactions, and carriers ranging from inorganic based ones (including gold, silver and silica based solid nanoparticles) to organic ones (including micelle, liposome and hydrogel) are covered. Besides, targeted delivery of antimicrobial peptides or using antimicrobial peptides as the targeting moiety, and responsive release of the peptides after delivery are also reviewed. Lastly, strategies towards the increase of oral bioavailability, from both physical or chemical methods, are highlighted. Altogether, this article provides a comprehensive review of the recent progress of the delivery and formulation of antimicrobial peptides towards clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Tingting Hong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Pengfei Cui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China
| | - Jianhao Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Advanced Catalytic Materials and Technology, School of Pharmacy, Changzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213164, China.
| | - Jiang Xia
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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16
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Gómez J, Sierra D, Ojeda C, Thavalingam S, Miller R, Guzmán F, Metzler-Nolte N. Solid-phase synthesis and evaluation of linear and cyclic ferrocenoyl/ruthenocenoyl water-soluble hexapeptides as potential antibacterial compounds. J Biol Inorg Chem 2021; 26:599-615. [PMID: 34292404 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-021-01877-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A series of novel water-soluble short peptide-bioconjugates containing a ferrocenoyl (Fc) or ruthenocenoyl (Rc) unit was synthesized and characterized to combine the unique activity of ferrocene and the isoelectronic ruthenocene with precisely designed peptide structures. We aim at evaluating these bioconjugates as a new class of OrganoMetallic Short AntiMicrobial Peptides (OM-SAMPs). The series of OM-SAMPs was designed with a set of linear and "head-to-tail" cyclic metallocene-based hexapeptides derived from the homo-sequence H-KKKKKK-NH2 by substitution of lysine (K) by tryptophan (W) and by orthogonal derivatization of the ε-N-amine group of lysine by a metallocene moiety. Peptide conjugates were characterized by RP-HPLC, mass spectrometry (ESI and MALDI-TOF) and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. Gram-positive and Gram-negative antibacterial activity testings were carried out to explore the role of insertion of the metallocene fragment into the peptide, and the effect of the modification of the cationic charge and aromatic residues on the physiochemical properties of these OM-SAMPs. These results show that the insertion of two tryptophan residues and ferrocenoyl/ruthenocenoyl moieties into a linear homo-sequence peptides increase significantly their antibacterial activity with minimum inhibitory concentration values as low as 5 μM for the most active compounds. However, "head-to-tail" cyclic metallocene-based hexapeptides were not active against Gram-negative bacteria up to concentrations of 50 μM. These studies provide a better understanding of the role of structural modifications to enhance antibacterial peptide activity, which is promising for their therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johana Gómez
- Núcleo de Biotecnología Curauma, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Universidad 330, Valparaiso, Chile.
| | - Diego Sierra
- Instituto de Química Y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Av. Gran Bretaña 1111, Valparaiso, Chile.
| | - Claudia Ojeda
- Instituto de Biología, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Avenida Brasil 2950, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Sugina Thavalingam
- Inorganic Chemistry I-Bioinorganic Chemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitӓtsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Reece Miller
- Inorganic Chemistry I-Bioinorganic Chemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitӓtsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
| | - Fanny Guzmán
- Núcleo de Biotecnología Curauma, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, Av. Universidad 330, Valparaiso, Chile
| | - Nils Metzler-Nolte
- Inorganic Chemistry I-Bioinorganic Chemistry, Ruhr University Bochum, Universitӓtsstrasse 150, 44780, Bochum, Germany
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17
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Santi S, Bisello A, Cardena R, Tomelleri S, Schiesari R, Biondi B, Crisma M, Formaggio F. Flat, C α,β -Didehydroalanine Foldamers with Ferrocene Pendants: Assessing the Role of α-Peptide Dipolar Moments. Chempluschem 2021; 86:723-730. [PMID: 33825347 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202100072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The foldamer field is continuously expanding as it allows to produce molecules endowed with 3D-structures and functions never observed in nature. We synthesized flat foldamers based on the natural, but non-coded, Cα,β -didehydroalanine α-amino acid, and covalently linked to them two ferrocene (Fc) moieties, as redox probes. These conjugates retain the flat and extended conformation of the 2.05 -helix, both in solution and in the crystal state (X-ray diffraction). Cyclic voltammetry measurements agree with the adoption of the 2.05 -helix, characterized by a negligible dipole moment. Thus, elongated α-peptide stretches of this type are insulators rather than charge conductors, the latter being constituted by peptide α-helices. Also, our homo-tetrapeptide has a N-to-C length of about 18.2 Å, almost double than that (9.7 Å) of an α-helical α-tetrapeptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saverio Santi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Annalisa Bisello
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Roberta Cardena
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Tomelleri
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Renato Schiesari
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Barbara Biondi
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Padova Unit, CNR, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Crisma
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Padova Unit, CNR, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Fernando Formaggio
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Padova Unit, CNR, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
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18
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Santos-Filho NA, de Freitas LM, Santos CTD, Piccoli JP, Fontana CR, Fusco-Almeida AM, Cilli EM. Understanding the mechanism of action of peptide (p-BthTX-I) 2 derived from C-terminal region of phospholipase A2 (PLA 2)-like bothropstoxin-I on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Toxicon 2021; 196:44-55. [PMID: 33781796 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Based on the antimicrobial activity of bothropstoxin-I (BthTX-I) and on the premise that a C-terminal peptide of Lys49 myotoxin can reproduce the antimicrobial activity of the parent protein, we aimed to study the mechanism of action of a peptide derived from the C-terminal region of the myotoxin BthTX-I [(p-BthTX-I)2, sequence: KKYRYHLKPFCKK, disulfide-linked dimer] against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Fluorescence quenching technique showed that the carboxyfluorescein labeled-peptide [CF-(p-BthTX-I)2] when incubated with E. coli displayed a superior penetration activity than when incubated with S. aureus. Cell death induced by the peptide (p-BthTX-I)2 showed a loss of membrane integrity in E. coli and S. aureus; however, the mechanisms of cell death were different, characterized by the presence of necrosis-like and apoptosis-like deaths, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy studies in E. coli and S. aureus showed morphological changes in the cells, with superficial deformities, appearance of wrinkles and bubbles, and formation of vesicles. Our results demonstrate that the mechanism of action of the peptide (p-BthTX-I)2 is different in Gram-negative (E. coli) and Gram-positive (S. aureus) bacteria. Knowledge of the mechanism of action of these peptides is important, since they are promising prototypes for new antimicrobial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norival Alves Santos-Filho
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Campus Experimental de Registro, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Laura Marise de Freitas
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil; Instituto de Química, Depto de Bioquímica, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Julia Pinto Piccoli
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla Raquel Fontana
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Marisa Fusco-Almeida
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Maffud Cilli
- Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
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19
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Peter S, Morifi E, Aderibigbe BA. Hybrid Compounds Containing a Ferrocene Scaffold as Potential Antimalarials. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202004710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sijongesonke Peter
- Department of Chemistry University of Fort Hare, Alice Campus Alice 5700, Eastern Cape South Africa
| | - Eric Morifi
- School of Chemistry, Mass Spectrometry Division University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg Private Bag X3 WITS 2050 South Africa
| | - Blessing A. Aderibigbe
- Department of Chemistry University of Fort Hare, Alice Campus Alice 5700, Eastern Cape South Africa
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20
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Román T, Ramirez D, Fierro-Medina R, Santillan R, Farfán N. Ferrocene and Organotin (IV) Conjugates Containing Amino Acids and Peptides: A Promising Strategy for Searching New Therapeutic and Diagnostic Tools. CURR ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272824999201001154259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Organometallic complexes are an important class of synthetic reagents and are of
great interest due to their versatility and wide biological application. The cationic nature of the
coordination nucleus facilitates its interaction with biological molecules such as amino acids,
proteins, and nucleic acids. The functionalization of peptides or amino acids with organometallic
motifs is a novel strategy for the design and development of molecules with greater biological
activity, stability in biological environments, and selectivity for specific targets, which
make them valuable tools for designing and obtaining molecules with therapeutic applications.
The physicochemical properties of ferrocene make it ideal for drug development, due to its
structure, stability in aqueous solutions, redox properties, and low toxicity. In the same way,
organotin (IV) derivatives have great potential for drug development because of their multiple
biological activities, wide structural versatility, high degree of stability, and low toxicity.
However, the synthesis of these drugs based on organometallic molecules containing ferrocene or organotin (IV) is
quite complex and represents a challenge nowadays; for this reason, it is necessary to design and implement procedures
to obtain molecules with a high degree of purity, in sufficient quantities, and at low cost. This review describes
the strategies of synthesis used up to now for the preparation of organometallic amino acids and peptides
containing ferrocene or organotin (IV) derivates, as well as their impact on the development of therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Román
- Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 45 # 26-85, Bogota D.C., Colombia
| | - David Ramirez
- Departamento de Quimica. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 45 # 26-85, Bogota D.C., Colombia
| | - Ricardo Fierro-Medina
- Departamento de Quimica. Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Carrera 45 # 26-85, Bogota D.C., Colombia
| | - Rosa Santillan
- Departamento de Quimica, Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Av Instituto Politecnico Nacional 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, Gustavo A. Madero, 07360 Ciudad de Mexico, CDMX, Mexico
| | - Norberto Farfán
- Facultad de Quimica, Departamento de Quimica Organica, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Av. Universidad 3000, Circuito Exterior S/N Delegacion Coyoacan, C.P. 04510 Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de Mexico, CDMX, Mexico
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