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de Oliveira BEG, Maia FLM, Massimino LC, Garcia CF, Plepis AMDG, Martins VDCA, Reis CHB, Silva VR, Bezerra AA, Pauris CC, Buchaim DV, Silva YBE, Buchaim RL, da Cunha MR. Use of Plant Extracts in Polymeric Scaffolds in the Regeneration of Mandibular Injuries. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:491. [PMID: 38675152 PMCID: PMC11053713 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe loss of bone mass may require grafting, and, among the alternatives available, there are natural biomaterials that can act as scaffolds for the cell growth necessary for tissue regeneration. Collagen and elastin polymers are a good alternative due to their biomimetic properties of bone tissue, and their characteristics can be improved with the addition of polysaccharides such as chitosan and bioactive compounds such as jatoba resin and pomegranate extract due to their antigenic actions. The aim of this experimental protocol was to evaluate bone neoformation in experimentally made defects in the mandible of rats using polymeric scaffolds with plant extracts added. Thirty rats were divided into group 1, with a mandibular defect filled with a clot from the lesion and no graft implant (G1-C, n = 10); group 2, filled with collagen/chitosan/jatoba resin scaffolds (G2-CCJ, n = 10); and group 3, with collagen/nanohydroxyapatite/elastin/pomegranate extract scaffolds (G3-CHER, n = 10). Six weeks after surgery, the animals were euthanized and samples from the surgical areas were submitted to macroscopic, radiological, histological, and morphometric analysis of the mandibular lesion repair process. The results showed no inflammatory infiltrates in the surgical area, indicating good acceptance of the scaffolds in the microenvironment of the host area. In the control group (G1), there was a predominance of reactive connective tissue, while in the grafted groups (G2 and G3), there was bone formation from the margins of the lesion, but it was still insufficient for total bone repair of the defect within the experimental period standardized in this study. The histomorphometric analysis showed that the mean percentage of bone volume formed in the surgical area of groups G1, G2, and G3 was 17.17 ± 2.68, 27.45 ± 1.65, and 34.07 ± 0.64 (mean ± standard deviation), respectively. It can be concluded that these scaffolds with plant extracts added can be a viable alternative for bone repair, as they are easily manipulated, have a low production cost, and stimulate the formation of new bone by osteoconduction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lívia Contini Massimino
- Interunit Postgraduate Program in Bioengineering (EESC/FMRP/IQSC), University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos 13566-590, Brazil; (L.C.M.); (A.M.d.G.P.); (M.R.d.C.)
| | - Claudio Fernandes Garcia
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, USP, São Carlos 13566-590, Brazil; (C.F.G.); (V.d.C.A.M.)
| | - Ana Maria de Guzzi Plepis
- Interunit Postgraduate Program in Bioengineering (EESC/FMRP/IQSC), University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos 13566-590, Brazil; (L.C.M.); (A.M.d.G.P.); (M.R.d.C.)
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, USP, São Carlos 13566-590, Brazil; (C.F.G.); (V.d.C.A.M.)
| | | | - Carlos Henrique Bertoni Reis
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, Brazil; (C.H.B.R.); (D.V.B.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (FOB/USP), Bauru 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Rodrigues Silva
- Department of Human Anatomy, University of San Francisco (USF), Bragança Paulista 12916-900, Brazil;
| | - Andre Alves Bezerra
- Orthopedics and Traumatology Sector, Faculty of Medicine of Jundiaí, Jundiaí 13202-550, Brazil; (B.E.G.d.O.)
| | - Carolina Chen Pauris
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of Jundiaí, Jundiaí 13202-550, Brazil; (C.C.P.); (Y.B.e.S.)
| | - Daniela Vieira Buchaim
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, Brazil; (C.H.B.R.); (D.V.B.)
- Graduate Program in Anatomy of Domestic and Wild Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil
- Medical School, University Center of Adamantina (UNIFAI), Adamantina 17800-000, Brazil
| | - Yggor Biloria e Silva
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of Jundiaí, Jundiaí 13202-550, Brazil; (C.C.P.); (Y.B.e.S.)
| | - Rogerio Leone Buchaim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (FOB/USP), Bauru 17012-901, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Anatomy of Domestic and Wild Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Rodrigues da Cunha
- Interunit Postgraduate Program in Bioengineering (EESC/FMRP/IQSC), University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos 13566-590, Brazil; (L.C.M.); (A.M.d.G.P.); (M.R.d.C.)
- Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine of Jundiaí, Jundiaí 13202-550, Brazil; (C.C.P.); (Y.B.e.S.)
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de Moraes R, Plepis AMDG, Martins VDCA, Garcia CF, Galdeano EA, Maia FLM, Machado EG, Munhoz MDAES, Buchaim DV, Fernandes VAR, Beraldo RA, Buchaim RL, da Cunha MR. Viability of Collagen Matrix Grafts Associated with Nanohydroxyapatite and Elastin in Bone Repair in the Experimental Condition of Ovariectomy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15727. [PMID: 37958710 PMCID: PMC10649653 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone lesions have the capacity for regeneration under normal conditions of the bone metabolism process. However, due to the increasing incidence of major traumas and diseases that cause bone-mineral deficiency, such as osteoporosis, scaffolds are needed that can assist in the bone regeneration process. Currently, natural polymeric scaffolds and bioactive nanoparticles stand out. Therefore, the objective of the study was to evaluate the osteoregenerative potential in tibiae of healthy and ovariectomized rats using mineralized collagen and nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) scaffolds associated with elastin. The in-vivo experimental study was performed with 60 20-week-old Wistar rats, distributed into non-ovariectomized (NO) and ovariectomized (O) groups, as follows: Controls (G1-NO-C and G4-O-C); Collagen with nHA scaffold (G2-NO-MSH and G5-O-MSH); and Collagen with nHA and elastin scaffold (G3-NO-MSHC and G6-O-MSHC). The animals were euthanized 6 weeks after surgery and the samples were analyzed by macroscopy, radiology, and histomorphometry. ANOVA and Tukey tests were performed with a 95% CI and a significance index of p < 0.05. In the histological analyses, it was possible to observe new bone formed with an organized and compact morphology that was rich in osteocytes and with maturity characteristics. This is compatible with osteoconductivity in both matrices (MSH and MSHC) in rats with normal conditions of bone metabolism and with gonadal deficiency. Furthermore, they demonstrated superior osteogenic potential when compared to control groups. There was no significant difference in the rate of new bone formation between the scaffolds. Ovariectomy did not exacerbate the immune response but negatively influenced the bone-defect repair process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato de Moraes
- Interunit Postgraduate Program in Bioengineering (EESC/FMRP/IQSC), University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos 13566-590, Brazil; (R.d.M.); (A.M.d.G.P.); (C.F.G.); (M.R.d.C.)
| | - Ana Maria de Guzzi Plepis
- Interunit Postgraduate Program in Bioengineering (EESC/FMRP/IQSC), University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos 13566-590, Brazil; (R.d.M.); (A.M.d.G.P.); (C.F.G.); (M.R.d.C.)
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, USP, São Carlos 13566-590, Brazil;
| | | | - Claudio Fernandes Garcia
- Interunit Postgraduate Program in Bioengineering (EESC/FMRP/IQSC), University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos 13566-590, Brazil; (R.d.M.); (A.M.d.G.P.); (C.F.G.); (M.R.d.C.)
| | - Ewerton Alexandre Galdeano
- Department of Morphology and Pathology, Medical College of Jundiai, Jundiaí 13202-550, Brazil; (E.A.G.); (E.G.M.); (M.d.A.e.S.M.); (V.A.R.F.); (R.A.B.)
| | | | - Eduardo Gomes Machado
- Department of Morphology and Pathology, Medical College of Jundiai, Jundiaí 13202-550, Brazil; (E.A.G.); (E.G.M.); (M.d.A.e.S.M.); (V.A.R.F.); (R.A.B.)
| | - Marcelo de Azevedo e Souza Munhoz
- Department of Morphology and Pathology, Medical College of Jundiai, Jundiaí 13202-550, Brazil; (E.A.G.); (E.G.M.); (M.d.A.e.S.M.); (V.A.R.F.); (R.A.B.)
| | - Daniela Vieira Buchaim
- Medical School, University Center of Adamantina (UniFAI), Adamantina 17800-000, Brazil;
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marilia 17525-902, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Anatomy of Domestic and Wild Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Victor Augusto Ramos Fernandes
- Department of Morphology and Pathology, Medical College of Jundiai, Jundiaí 13202-550, Brazil; (E.A.G.); (E.G.M.); (M.d.A.e.S.M.); (V.A.R.F.); (R.A.B.)
| | - Rodrigo Alves Beraldo
- Department of Morphology and Pathology, Medical College of Jundiai, Jundiaí 13202-550, Brazil; (E.A.G.); (E.G.M.); (M.d.A.e.S.M.); (V.A.R.F.); (R.A.B.)
| | - Rogerio Leone Buchaim
- Graduate Program in Anatomy of Domestic and Wild Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-270, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry (FOB/USP), University of Sao Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Rodrigues da Cunha
- Interunit Postgraduate Program in Bioengineering (EESC/FMRP/IQSC), University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos 13566-590, Brazil; (R.d.M.); (A.M.d.G.P.); (C.F.G.); (M.R.d.C.)
- Department of Morphology and Pathology, Medical College of Jundiai, Jundiaí 13202-550, Brazil; (E.A.G.); (E.G.M.); (M.d.A.e.S.M.); (V.A.R.F.); (R.A.B.)
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Pagani MA, Dolfini PM, Trazzi BFDM, Dolfini MIM, da Silva WS, Chagas EFB, Reis CHB, Pilon JPG, Pagani BT, Strasser RT, Mendes CG, Vernaschi FT, Buchaim DV, Buchaim RL. Incidence of Bacteriobilia and the Correlation with Antibioticoprophylaxis in Low-Risk Patients Submitted to Elective Videolaparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:1480. [PMID: 37887181 PMCID: PMC10604456 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12101480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholelithiasis has a major impact on global health and affects an average of 20% of the Western population. The main risk factors are females, age over 40 years, obesity and pregnancy. Most of the time it is asymptomatic, but when there are symptoms, they are generally nonspecific. Bile was considered sterile, but today it is known that it contains a complex bacterial flora, which causes biofilm in the gallbladder and gallstones. Among the main bacteria associated with cholelithiasis are Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, species of Enterococcus spp. and Acinetobacter spp. Antibiotic prophylaxis is used in an attempt to reduce postoperative infections, especially at the surgical site. However, some authors found no relationship between the use of antibiotic prophylaxis and a lower risk of surgical site infection. Thus, the aim of this double-blind randomized clinical trial was to compare the existence or not of bacteriobilia in patients at low anesthetic risk who underwent videolaparoscopic cholecystectomy, and its correlation with the use of prophylactic antibiotics. This study included 40 patients between 18 and 65 years old, diagnosed with cholelithiasis, symptomatic or not, with low anesthetic risk classified by the American Society of Anesthesiology in ASA I or ASA II, without complications or previous manipulation of the bile duct, who underwent elective video cholecystectomy, divided into two groups: Experimental Group A (n = 20), which received 2 g of Cephalotin (first-generation Cephalosporin, Keflin®, ABL antibiotics, Cosmópolis, Brazil) during anesthetic induction, and Control Group B (n = 20), where no antibiotics were administered until bile collection. After the procedure, a bile sample was collected and culture and antibiogram were performed. In the sample, 22 (55%) were classified as ASA I and 18 (45%) as ASA II. It was observed that 81.8% of the patients who had a positive culture did not use antibiotics, against 18.2% of those who used prophylaxis. When comparing patients regarding anesthetic risk, ASA I patients had a positive culture in 9.1% of cases, against 90.9% in patients classified as ASA II. It was concluded that patients with higher anesthetic risk (ASA II) have a higher chance of bacteriobilia and benefit from antibiotic prophylaxis when compared to patients with lower anesthetic risk (ASA I).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Alberto Pagani
- UNIMAR Beneficent Hospital (HBU), Medical School, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marilia 17525-160, Brazil
| | - Pedro Meira Dolfini
- Department of General Surgery, Regional Hospital, University of West Paulista (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente 19050-680, Brazil
| | | | - Maria Ines Meira Dolfini
- Morphofunctional Department, University of West Paulista (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente 19050-920, Brazil
| | | | - Eduardo Federighi Baisi Chagas
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marilia 17525-902, Brazil
- Interdisciplinary Center on Diabetes (CENID), University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marilia 17525-902, Brazil
| | | | - João Paulo Galletti Pilon
- UNIMAR Beneficent Hospital (HBU), Medical School, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marilia 17525-160, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Speech Therapy, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP—Universidade Estadual Paulista), Marilia 17525-900, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Tavore Strasser
- Department of General Surgery, Regional Hospital, University of West Paulista (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente 19050-680, Brazil
| | | | - Fausto Tucunduva Vernaschi
- UNIMAR Beneficent Hospital (HBU), Medical School, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marilia 17525-160, Brazil
- Medical School, Educational Foundation of the Municipality of Assis (FEMA), Assis 19807-130, Brazil
| | - Daniela Vieira Buchaim
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marilia 17525-902, Brazil
- Medical School, University Center of Adamantina (UNIFAI), Adamantina 17800-000, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Anatomy of Domestic and Wild Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Rogerio Leone Buchaim
- Graduate Program in Anatomy of Domestic and Wild Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 05508-270, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry (FOB/USP), University of Sao Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, Brazil
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Da Cunha MR, Maia FLM, Iatecola A, Massimino LC, Plepis AMDG, Martins VDCA, Da Rocha DN, Mariano ED, Hirata MC, Ferreira JRM, Teixeira ML, Buchaim DV, Buchaim RL, De Oliveira BEG, Pelegrine AA. In Vivo Evaluation of Collagen and Chitosan Scaffold, Associated or Not with Stem Cells, in Bone Repair. J Funct Biomater 2023; 14:357. [PMID: 37504852 PMCID: PMC10381363 DOI: 10.3390/jfb14070357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural polymers are increasingly being used in tissue engineering due to their ability to mimic the extracellular matrix and to act as a scaffold for cell growth, as well as their possible combination with other osteogenic factors, such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from dental pulp, in an attempt to enhance bone regeneration during the healing of a bone defect. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the repair of mandibular defects filled with a new collagen/chitosan scaffold, seeded or not with MSCs derived from dental pulp. Twenty-eight rats were submitted to surgery for creation of a defect in the right mandibular ramus and divided into the following groups: G1 (control group; mandibular defect with clot); G2 (defect filled with dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells-DPSCs); G3 (defect filled with collagen/chitosan scaffold); and G4 (collagen/chitosan scaffold seeded with DPSCs). The analysis of the scaffold microstructure showed a homogenous material with an adequate percentage of porosity. Macroscopic and radiological examination of the defect area after 6 weeks post-surgery revealed the absence of complete repair, as well as absence of signs of infection, which could indicate rejection of the implants. Histomorphometric analysis of the mandibular defect area showed that bone formation occurred in a centripetal fashion, starting from the borders and progressing towards the center of the defect in all groups. Lower bone formation was observed in G1 when compared to the other groups and G2 exhibited greater osteoregenerative capacity, followed by G4 and G3. In conclusion, the scaffold used showed osteoconductivity, no foreign body reaction, malleability and ease of manipulation, but did not obtain promising results for association with DPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Rodrigues Da Cunha
- Department of Morphology and Pathology, Jundiaí Medical School, Jundiaí 13202-550, Brazil
- Interunits Graduate Program in Bioengineering (EESC/FMRP/IQSC), University of Sao Paulo (USP), São Carlos 13566-970, Brazil
- Department of Implant Dentistry, Faculdade São Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas 13045-755, Brazil
| | | | - Amilton Iatecola
- Department of Morphology and Pathology, Jundiaí Medical School, Jundiaí 13202-550, Brazil
| | - Lívia Contini Massimino
- Interunits Graduate Program in Bioengineering (EESC/FMRP/IQSC), University of Sao Paulo (USP), São Carlos 13566-970, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria de Guzzi Plepis
- Interunits Graduate Program in Bioengineering (EESC/FMRP/IQSC), University of Sao Paulo (USP), São Carlos 13566-970, Brazil
- Sao Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo (USP), São Carlos 13566-590, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Daniela Vieira Buchaim
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, Postgraduate Department, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, Brazil
- Medical School, University Center of Adamantina (UNIFAI), Adamantina 17800-000, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Anatomy of Domestic and Wild Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (FMVZ/USP), São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Rogerio Leone Buchaim
- Graduate Program in Anatomy of Domestic and Wild Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (FMVZ/USP), São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry (FOB/USP), University of São Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, Brazil
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Gao H, Huang J, Wei Q, He C. Advances in Animal Models for Studying Bone Fracture Healing. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10020201. [PMID: 36829695 PMCID: PMC9952559 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10020201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Fracture is a common traumatic injury that is mostly caused by traffic accidents, falls, and falls from height. Fracture healing is a long-term and complex process, and the mode of repair and rate of healing are influenced by a variety of factors. The prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of fractures are issues that urgently need to be addressed. The preparation of the right animal model can accurately simulate the occurrence of fractures, identify and observe normal and abnormal healing processes, study disease mechanisms, and optimize and develop specific treatment methods. We summarize the current status of fracture healing research, the characteristics of different animal models and the modeling methods for different fracture types, analyze their advantages and disadvantages, and provide a reference basis for basic experimental fracture modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Gao
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jinming Huang
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Quan Wei
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence: (Q.W.); (C.H.)
| | - Chengqi He
- Rehabilitation Medicine Center and Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Rehabilitation Medicine in Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence: (Q.W.); (C.H.)
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Chacon EL, Bertolo MRV, de Guzzi Plepis AM, da Conceição Amaro Martins V, dos Santos GR, Pinto CAL, Pelegrine AA, Teixeira ML, Buchaim DV, Nazari FM, Buchaim RL, Sugano GT, da Cunha MR. Collagen-chitosan-hydroxyapatite composite scaffolds for bone repair in ovariectomized rats. Sci Rep 2023; 13:28. [PMID: 36593236 PMCID: PMC9807587 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24424-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Lesions with bone loss may require autologous grafts, which are considered the gold standard; however, natural or synthetic biomaterials are alternatives that can be used in clinical situations that require support for bone neoformation. Collagen and hydroxyapatite have been used for bone repair based on the concept of biomimetics, which can be combined with chitosan, forming a scaffold for cell adhesion and growth. However, osteoporosis caused by gonadal hormone deficiency can thus compromise the expected results of the osseointegration of scaffolds. The aim of this study was to investigate the osteoregenerative capacity of collagen (Co)/chitosan (Ch)/hydroxyapatite (Ha) scaffolds in rats with hormone deficiency caused by experimental bilateral ovariectomy. Forty-two rats were divided into non-ovariectomized (NO) and ovariectomized (O) groups, divided into three subgroups: control (empty defect) and two subgroups receiving collagen/chitosan/hydroxyapatite scaffolds prepared using different methods of hydroxyapatite incorporation, in situ (CoChHa1) and ex situ (CoChHa2). The defect areas were submitted to macroscopic, radiological, and histomorphometric analysis. No inflammatory processes were found in the tibial defect area that would indicate immune rejection of the scaffolds, thus confirming the biocompatibility of the biomaterials. Bone formation starting from the margins of the bone defect were observed in all rats, with a greater volume in the NO groups, particularly the group receiving CoChHa2. Less bone formation was found in the O subgroups when compared to the NO. In conclusion, collagen/chitosan/hydroxyapatite scaffolds stimulate bone growth in vivo but abnormal conditions of bone fragility caused by gonadal hormone deficiency may have delayed the bone repair process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erivelto Luís Chacon
- Department of Morphology and Pathology, Jundiai Medical School, Jundiai, 13202-550 Brazil
| | | | - Ana Maria de Guzzi Plepis
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Sao Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Carlos, 13566-590 Brazil ,grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Interunits Graduate Program in Bioengineering (EESC/FMRP/IQSC), University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Carlos, 13566-970 Brazil
| | | | | | | | - André Antônio Pelegrine
- grid.456544.20000 0004 0373 160XDepartment of Implant Dentistry, Faculdade Sao Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, 13045-755 Brazil
| | - Marcelo Lucchesi Teixeira
- grid.456544.20000 0004 0373 160XProsthodontics Department, Faculdade Sao Leopoldo Mandic, Campinas, 13045-755 Brazil
| | - Daniela Vieira Buchaim
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, Postgraduate Department, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marilia, 17525-902 Brazil ,Teaching and Research Coordination of the Medical School, University Center of Adamantina (UNIFAI), Adamantina, 17800-000 Brazil
| | | | - Rogerio Leone Buchaim
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry (FOB), University of Sao Paulo (USP), Bauru, 17012-901 Brazil ,grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Graduate Program in Anatomy of Domestic and Wild Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Paulo, 05508-270 Brazil
| | - Gustavo Tenório Sugano
- Department of Morphology and Pathology, Jundiai Medical School, Jundiai, 13202-550 Brazil
| | - Marcelo Rodrigues da Cunha
- Department of Morphology and Pathology, Jundiai Medical School, Jundiai, 13202-550 Brazil ,grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Interunits Graduate Program in Bioengineering (EESC/FMRP/IQSC), University of Sao Paulo (USP), Sao Carlos, 13566-970 Brazil
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7
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Reis CHB, Buchaim RL, Pomini KT, Hamzé AL, Zattiti IV, Duarte MAH, Alcalde MP, Barraviera B, Ferreira Júnior RS, Pontes FML, Grandini CR, Ortiz ADC, Fideles SOM, Eugênio RMDC, Rosa Junior GM, Teixeira DDB, Pereira EDSBM, Pilon JPG, Miglino MA, Buchaim DV. Effects of a Biocomplex Formed by Two Scaffold Biomaterials, Hydroxyapatite/Tricalcium Phosphate Ceramic and Fibrin Biopolymer, with Photobiomodulation, on Bone Repair. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14102075. [PMID: 35631957 PMCID: PMC9146558 DOI: 10.3390/polym14102075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There are several treatment methods available for bone repair, although the effectiveness becomes limited in cases of large defects. The objective of this pre-clinical protocol was to evaluate the grafting of hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate (BCP) ceramic biomaterial (B; QualyBone BCP®, QualyLive, Amadora, Portugal) together with the heterologous fibrin biopolymer (FB; CEVAP/UNESP Botucatu, Brazil) and with photobiomodulation (PBM; Laserpulse®, Ibramed, Amparo, Brazil) in the repair process of bone defects. Fifty-six rats were randomly divided into four groups of seven animals each: the biomaterial group (G1/B), the biomaterial plus FB group (G2/BFB); the biomaterial plus PBM group (G3/B + PBM), and the biomaterial plus FB plus PBM group (G4/BFB + PBM). After anesthesia, a critical defect was performed in the center of the rats’ parietal bones, then filled and treated according to their respective groups. The rats were euthanized at 14 and 42 postoperative days. Histomorphologically, at 42 days, the G4/BFB + PBM group showed a more advanced maturation transition, with more organized and mature bone areas forming concentric lamellae. A birefringence analysis of collagen fibers also showed a more advanced degree of maturation for the G4/BFB + PBM group. In the comparison between the groups, in the two experimental periods (14 and 42 days), in relation to the percentage of formation of new bone tissue, a significant difference was found between all groups (G1/B (5.42 ± 1.12; 21.49 ± 4.74), G2/BFB (5.00 ± 0.94; 21.77 ± 2.83), G3/B + PBM (12.65 ± 1.78; 29.29 ± 2.93), and G4/BFB + PBM (12.65 ± 2.32; 31.38 ± 2.89)). It was concluded that the use of PBM with low-level laser therapy (LLLT) positively interfered in the repair process of bone defects previously filled with the biocomplex formed by the heterologous fibrin biopolymer associated with the synthetic ceramic of hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Henrique Bertoni Reis
- UNIMAR Beneficent Hospital (HBU), University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marilia 17525-160, Brazil; (C.H.B.R.); (J.P.G.P.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry (FOB/USP), University of São Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, Brazil; (K.T.P.); (A.d.C.O.); (S.O.M.F.)
| | - Rogerio Leone Buchaim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry (FOB/USP), University of São Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, Brazil; (K.T.P.); (A.d.C.O.); (S.O.M.F.)
- Graduate Program in Anatomy of Domestic and Wild Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (FMVZ/USP), São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-14-3235-8220
| | - Karina Torres Pomini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry (FOB/USP), University of São Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, Brazil; (K.T.P.); (A.d.C.O.); (S.O.M.F.)
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, Postgraduate Department, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marilia 17525-902, Brazil; (D.d.B.T.); (E.d.S.B.M.P.); (D.V.B.)
| | - Abdul Latif Hamzé
- Medical School, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marilia 17525-160, Brazil; (A.L.H.); (I.V.Z.); (R.M.d.C.E.)
| | | | - Marco Antonio Hungaro Duarte
- Department of Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (FOB/USP), Bauru 17012-901, Brazil;
| | - Murilo Priori Alcalde
- Department of Health Science, Unisagrado University Center, Bauru 17011-160, Brazil; (M.P.A.); (G.M.R.J.)
| | - Benedito Barraviera
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (Univ Estadual Paulista, UNESP), Botucatu 18610-307, Brazil; (B.B.); (R.S.F.J.)
- Graduate Program in Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP–Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Rui Seabra Ferreira Júnior
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (Univ Estadual Paulista, UNESP), Botucatu 18610-307, Brazil; (B.B.); (R.S.F.J.)
- Graduate Program in Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP–Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu 18618-687, Brazil
| | - Fenelon Martinho Lima Pontes
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP–Univ Estadual Paulista), Bauru 17033-360, Brazil;
| | - Carlos Roberto Grandini
- Laboratório de Anelasticidade e Biomateriais, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP–Univ Estadual Paulista), Bauru 17033-360, Brazil;
| | - Adriana de Cássia Ortiz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry (FOB/USP), University of São Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, Brazil; (K.T.P.); (A.d.C.O.); (S.O.M.F.)
| | - Simone Ortiz Moura Fideles
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry (FOB/USP), University of São Paulo, Bauru 17012-901, Brazil; (K.T.P.); (A.d.C.O.); (S.O.M.F.)
| | | | - Geraldo Marco Rosa Junior
- Department of Health Science, Unisagrado University Center, Bauru 17011-160, Brazil; (M.P.A.); (G.M.R.J.)
- Faculdade Ibero Americana de São Paulo, FIASP, Piraju 18810-818, Brazil
| | - Daniel de Bortoli Teixeira
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, Postgraduate Department, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marilia 17525-902, Brazil; (D.d.B.T.); (E.d.S.B.M.P.); (D.V.B.)
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Health, Production and Environment, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, Brazil
| | - Eliana de Souza Bastos Mazuqueli Pereira
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, Postgraduate Department, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marilia 17525-902, Brazil; (D.d.B.T.); (E.d.S.B.M.P.); (D.V.B.)
| | - João Paulo Galletti Pilon
- UNIMAR Beneficent Hospital (HBU), University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marilia 17525-160, Brazil; (C.H.B.R.); (J.P.G.P.)
- Postgraduate Program in Speech Therapy, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista), Marília 17525-900, Brazil
| | - Maria Angelica Miglino
- Graduate Program in Anatomy of Domestic and Wild Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (FMVZ/USP), São Paulo 05508-270, Brazil;
| | - Daniela Vieira Buchaim
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, Postgraduate Department, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marilia 17525-902, Brazil; (D.d.B.T.); (E.d.S.B.M.P.); (D.V.B.)
- Teaching and Research Coordination of the Medical School, University Center of Adamantina (UniFAI), Adamantina 17800-000, Brazil
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In Vivo Study of Nasal Bone Reconstruction with Collagen, Elastin and Chitosan Membranes in Abstainer and Alcoholic Rats. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14010188. [PMID: 35012210 PMCID: PMC8747723 DOI: 10.3390/polym14010188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the use of collagen, elastin, or chitosan biomaterial for bone reconstruction in rats submitted or not to experimental alcoholism. Wistar male rats were divided into eight groups, submitted to chronic alcohol ingestion (G5 to G8) or not (G1 to G4). Nasal bone defects were filled with clot in animals of G1 and G5 and with collagen, elastin, and chitosan grafts in G2/G6, G3/G7, and G4/G8, respectively. Six weeks after, all specimens underwent radiographic, tomographic, and microscopic evaluations. Bone mineral density was lower in the defect area in alcoholic animals compared to the abstainer animals. Bone neoformation was greater in the abstainer groups receiving the elastin membrane and in abstainer and alcoholic rats receiving the chitosan membrane (15.78 ± 1.19, 27.81 ± 0.91, 47.29 ± 0.97, 42.69 ± 1.52, 13.81 ± 1.60, 18.59 ± 1.37, 16.54 ± 0.89, and 37.06 ± 1.17 in G1 to G8, respectively). In conclusion, osteogenesis and bone density were more expressive after the application of the elastin matrix in abstainer animals and of the chitosan matrix in both abstainer and alcoholic animals. Chronic alcohol ingestion resulted in lower bone formation and greater formation of fibrous connective tissue.
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9
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Osseointegration Improvement of Co-Cr-Mo Alloy Produced by Additive Manufacturing. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13050724. [PMID: 34069254 PMCID: PMC8156199 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cobalt-base alloys (Co-Cr-Mo) are widely employed in dentistry and orthopedic implants due to their biocompatibility, high mechanical strength and wear resistance. The osseointegration of implants can be improved by surface modification techniques. However, complex geometries obtained by additive manufacturing (AM) limits the efficiency of mechanical-based surface modification techniques. Therefore, plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) is the best alternative, creating nanotopography even in complex structures. In the present study, we report the osseointegration results in three conditions of the additively manufactured Co-Cr-Mo alloy: (i) as-built, (ii) after PIII, and (iii) coated with titanium (Ti) followed by PIII. The metallic samples were designed with a solid half and a porous half to observe the bone ingrowth in different surfaces. Our results revealed that all conditions presented cortical bone formation. The titanium-coated sample exhibited the best biomechanical results, which was attributed to the higher bone ingrowth percentage with almost all medullary canals filled with neoformed bone and the pores of the implant filled and surrounded by bone ingrowth. It was concluded that the metal alloys produced for AM are biocompatible and stimulate bone neoformation, especially when the Co-28Cr-6Mo alloy with a Ti-coated surface, nanostructured and anodized by PIII is used, whose technology has been shown to increase the osseointegration capacity of this implant.
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Cunha FB, Pomini KT, Plepis AMDG, Martins VDCA, Machado EG, de Moraes R, Munhoz MDAES, Machado MVR, Duarte MAH, Alcalde MP, Buchaim DV, Buchaim RL, Fernandes VAR, Pereira EDSBM, Pelegrine AA, da Cunha MR. In Vivo Biological Behavior of Polymer Scaffolds of Natural Origin in the Bone Repair Process. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061598. [PMID: 33805847 PMCID: PMC8002007 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Autologous bone grafts, used mainly in extensive bone loss, are considered the gold standard treatment in regenerative medicine, but still have limitations mainly in relation to the amount of bone available, donor area, morbidity and creation of additional surgical area. This fact encourages tissue engineering in relation to the need to develop new biomaterials, from sources other than the individual himself. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the effects of an elastin and collagen matrix on the bone repair process in critical size defects in rat calvaria. The animals (Wistar rats, n = 30) were submitted to a surgical procedure to create the bone defect and were divided into three groups: Control Group (CG, n = 10), defects filled with blood clot; E24/37 Group (E24/37, n = 10), defects filled with bovine elastin matrix hydrolyzed for 24 h at 37 °C and C24/25 Group (C24/25, n = 10), defects filled with porcine collagen matrix hydrolyzed for 24 h at 25 °C. Macroscopic and radiographic analyses demonstrated the absence of inflammatory signs and infection. Microtomographical 2D and 3D images showed centripetal bone growth and restricted margins of the bone defect. Histologically, the images confirmed the pattern of bone deposition at the margins of the remaining bone and without complete closure by bone tissue. In the morphometric analysis, the groups E24/37 and C24/25 (13.68 ± 1.44; 53.20 ± 4.47, respectively) showed statistically significant differences in relation to the CG (5.86 ± 2.87). It was concluded that the matrices used as scaffolds are biocompatible and increase the formation of new bone in a critical size defect, with greater formation in the polymer derived from the intestinal serous layer of porcine origin (C24/25).
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Bento Cunha
- Department of Morphology and Pathology, Medical College of Jundiai, Jundiaí, São Paulo 13202-550, SP, Brazil; (F.B.C.); (E.G.M.); (R.d.M.); (M.d.A.eS.M.); (M.V.R.M.); (V.A.R.F.); (M.R.d.C.)
- Interunit Postgraduate Program in Bioengineering (EESC/FMRP/IQSC), University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos 13566-590, SP, Brazil;
| | - Karina Torres Pomini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (FOB/USP), Bauru 17012-901, SP, Brazil;
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil;
| | - Ana Maria de Guzzi Plepis
- Interunit Postgraduate Program in Bioengineering (EESC/FMRP/IQSC), University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos 13566-590, SP, Brazil;
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, USP, São Carlos 13566-590, SP, Brazil;
| | | | - Eduardo Gomes Machado
- Department of Morphology and Pathology, Medical College of Jundiai, Jundiaí, São Paulo 13202-550, SP, Brazil; (F.B.C.); (E.G.M.); (R.d.M.); (M.d.A.eS.M.); (M.V.R.M.); (V.A.R.F.); (M.R.d.C.)
- Interunit Postgraduate Program in Bioengineering (EESC/FMRP/IQSC), University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos 13566-590, SP, Brazil;
| | - Renato de Moraes
- Department of Morphology and Pathology, Medical College of Jundiai, Jundiaí, São Paulo 13202-550, SP, Brazil; (F.B.C.); (E.G.M.); (R.d.M.); (M.d.A.eS.M.); (M.V.R.M.); (V.A.R.F.); (M.R.d.C.)
- Interunit Postgraduate Program in Bioengineering (EESC/FMRP/IQSC), University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos 13566-590, SP, Brazil;
| | - Marcelo de Azevedo e Souza Munhoz
- Department of Morphology and Pathology, Medical College of Jundiai, Jundiaí, São Paulo 13202-550, SP, Brazil; (F.B.C.); (E.G.M.); (R.d.M.); (M.d.A.eS.M.); (M.V.R.M.); (V.A.R.F.); (M.R.d.C.)
- Interunit Postgraduate Program in Bioengineering (EESC/FMRP/IQSC), University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos 13566-590, SP, Brazil;
| | - Michela Vanessa Ribeiro Machado
- Department of Morphology and Pathology, Medical College of Jundiai, Jundiaí, São Paulo 13202-550, SP, Brazil; (F.B.C.); (E.G.M.); (R.d.M.); (M.d.A.eS.M.); (M.V.R.M.); (V.A.R.F.); (M.R.d.C.)
| | - Marco Antonio Hungaro Duarte
- Department of Dentistry, Endodontics and Dental Materials, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (FOB/USP), Bauru 17012-901, SP, Brazil;
| | - Murilo Priori Alcalde
- Department of Health Science, Unisagrado University Center, Bauru 17011-160, SP, Brazil;
| | - Daniela Vieira Buchaim
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marilia (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil;
- Medical School, University Center of Adamantina (UniFAI), Adamantina 17800-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Rogério Leone Buchaim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bauru School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo (FOB/USP), Bauru 17012-901, SP, Brazil;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-1432358220
| | - Victor Augusto Ramos Fernandes
- Department of Morphology and Pathology, Medical College of Jundiai, Jundiaí, São Paulo 13202-550, SP, Brazil; (F.B.C.); (E.G.M.); (R.d.M.); (M.d.A.eS.M.); (M.V.R.M.); (V.A.R.F.); (M.R.d.C.)
- Laboratory of Anatomy, University Center Our Lady of Patronage (CEUNSP), University of South Cruise, Itu 13300-200, SP, Brazil
| | | | - André Antonio Pelegrine
- Research Institute, Postgraduate Program, São Leopoldo Mandic, School of Dentistry, Campinas 13045-755, SP, Brazil;
| | - Marcelo Rodrigues da Cunha
- Department of Morphology and Pathology, Medical College of Jundiai, Jundiaí, São Paulo 13202-550, SP, Brazil; (F.B.C.); (E.G.M.); (R.d.M.); (M.d.A.eS.M.); (M.V.R.M.); (V.A.R.F.); (M.R.d.C.)
- Interunit Postgraduate Program in Bioengineering (EESC/FMRP/IQSC), University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos 13566-590, SP, Brazil;
- Laboratory of Anatomy, University Center Our Lady of Patronage (CEUNSP), University of South Cruise, Itu 13300-200, SP, Brazil
- Research Institute, Postgraduate Program, São Leopoldo Mandic, School of Dentistry, Campinas 13045-755, SP, Brazil;
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Battafarano G, Rossi M, De Martino V, Marampon F, Borro L, Secinaro A, Del Fattore A. Strategies for Bone Regeneration: From Graft to Tissue Engineering. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031128. [PMID: 33498786 PMCID: PMC7865467 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is a regenerative organ characterized by self-renewal ability. Indeed, it is a very dynamic tissue subjected to continuous remodeling in order to preserve its structure and function. However, in clinical practice, impaired bone healing can be observed in patients and medical intervention is needed to regenerate the tissue via the use of natural bone grafts or synthetic bone grafts. The main elements required for tissue engineering include cells, growth factors and a scaffold material to support them. Three different materials (metals, ceramics, and polymers) can be used to create a scaffold suitable for bone regeneration. Several cell types have been investigated in combination with biomaterials. In this review, we describe the options available for bone regeneration, focusing on tissue engineering strategies based on the use of different biomaterials combined with cells and growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Battafarano
- Bone Physiopathology Research Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (G.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Michela Rossi
- Bone Physiopathology Research Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (G.B.); (M.R.)
| | - Viviana De Martino
- Department of Clinical, Internal, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Francesco Marampon
- Department of Radiotherapy, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Luca Borro
- Advanced Cardiovascular Imaging Unit, Department of Imaging, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (L.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Aurelio Secinaro
- Advanced Cardiovascular Imaging Unit, Department of Imaging, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (L.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Andrea Del Fattore
- Bone Physiopathology Research Unit, Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy; (G.B.); (M.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-066-859-3740
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