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Obande-Ogbuinya NE, Aleke CO, Omaka-Amari LN, Ifeoma UMB, Anyigor-Ogah SC, Mong EU, Afoke EN, Nnaji TN, Nwankwo O, Okeke IM, Nnubia AO, Ibe UC, Ochiaka RE, Ngwakwe PC, Item O, Nwafor KA, Nweke IC, Obasi AF. Prevalence of Methamphetamine (Mkpurummiri) use in south east Nigeria: a community-based cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:2436. [PMID: 39244542 PMCID: PMC11380340 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19921-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methamphetamine (MA) (Mkpurummiri) is seen as the most common, accessible and new drug of use/abuse in south east Nigeria. Despite the overwhelming evidence of the dire consequences of this drug to the users, there is lack of empirical research to determine its prevalence in this area where use is assumed to be common. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of MA use, characteristics of the users and the control measures. METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional survey research design was conducted from May through November 2023 among adolescents/adults at the age bracket of 15-64 years in the five states of south east, Nigeria. Three hundred and seventy-one (371) respondents were recruited using purposive/convenience sampling methods. A semi structured questionnaire was the instrument used. Data were analyzed using percentage, bivariate and multivariate logistics regression statistics. The Prevalence of MA was determined using percentages whereas the factors that are associated with MA use were expressed using multivariate logistics regression statistics AORs and 95%CIs. The level of significance was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS The prevalence of Methamphetamine (Mkpurummiri) was (21.8%). The most common reason for MA use was depression (86.5%), the most common route of administration was inhalation (64.9%). The most common characteristic of MA (Mkpurummiri) user was aggressive/violent behaviour (94.1%).The control measures were self-control (92.2%), parental monitoring (85.7%), drug education (83.1%) and legal control (80.8%). The multivariate logistics regression statistics AOR shows that off-campus were 3 times (AOR = 0.298; CI = 0.12-0.73 P = 0.008), family house 4 times (AOR = 0.241; CI = 0.09-0.65; P = 0.005 ≤ 0.05 ) less likely than on-campus to predict MA use. Recently married were 3.25 times (aOR = 3.25; CI = 1.47-7.18), divorced 3.45 times (aOR = 3.45; CI = 1.23-9.58), polygamy 2.3 times (aOR = 2.3; CI = 1.08-4.90; P = 0.031 ≤ 0.05 ), tradition 4.44 times (aOR = 4.44; CI = 1.77-11.15; P = 0.001 ≤ 0.05 ) , more likely than others to use MA. CONCLUSIONS MA use prevalence was relatively high, and marital status, living arrangements, family type and religion were the predictors. These findings underscore the need for concerted effort among the relevant government agencies, community stakeholders, families, religious bodies and school authorities to designing MA use policy/laws with special focus on adopting the punitive measure used in checking cocaine users. This may help to arrest and prosecute the manufacturers, distributors and users of MA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lois Nnenna Omaka-Amari
- Department of Human Kinetics and Health Education, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | | | - Stanley Chijioke Anyigor-Ogah
- Department of Family Medicine, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki AEFUTHA, Ebonyi State, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Emeka Usman Mong
- Department of Human Kinetics and Health Education, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Eunice Nwafor Afoke
- Department of Human Kinetics and Health Education, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Theresa Nwamaka Nnaji
- Department of Paediatrics, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki AEFUTHA, Ebonyi State, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Onyechi Nwankwo
- African Institutes for Health Policy and Health Systems Ebonyi State, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Ifeyinwa Maureen Okeke
- Department of Community Medicine, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Anthonia Ogechukwu Nnubia
- Department of Community Medicine, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Uzochukwu Chimdindu Ibe
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki AEFUTHA, Ebonyi State, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Raphael E Ochiaka
- Department of Human Kinetics and Health Education, Enugu State University of Science and Technology, Enugu, Nigeria
| | - Patricia C Ngwakwe
- Department of Human Kinetics and Health Education, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - OkochaYusuf Item
- Department of Community Medicine, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | | | - Idakari Chinedu Nweke
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital Abakaliki AEFUTHA, Ebonyi State, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Arinze Francis Obasi
- Department of Industrial Mathematics and Applied Statistics, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
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Ekpenyong MS, Jagun H, Stephen HA, Bakre AT, Odejimi O, Miller E, Nyashanu M, Bosun-Arije SF. Investigation of the prevalence and factors influencing tobacco and alcohol use among adolescents in Nigeria: A systematic literature review. Drug Alcohol Depend 2024; 256:111091. [PMID: 38340401 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2024.111091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The increase in tobacco and alcohol prevalence among Nigerian teenagers necessitates the need to understand the factors influencing use. The aim of this systematic literature review was to synthesis evidence from studies on tobacco and alcohol use among Nigerian adolescents and young adults in order to determine factors influencing tobacco and alcohol use. Six databases MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar were used to search for peer-reviewed articles reporting the prevalence and predictors of tobacco and alcohol use among adolescents/youths published between 2010 and 2022. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guided this review. From our search, twelve articles from the 6 geopolitical zones within Nigeria were included. The high prevalence of tobacco and alcohol use among Nigerian adolescents necessitates the need to understand the factors influencing use. A high prevalence rate was recorded among the male gender. Gender, age, and curiosity appear to place adolescents at extra risk for tobacco and alcohol use. Lack of parental monitoring, peer influence, low socio-economic status, low education level, stressful life events, advertisements, availability, and accessibility are factors identified to influence adolescents' alcohol and tobacco use. Alcohol and tobacco use remains a major public health issue as it continues to contribute largely to the growing occurence of diseases globally. Our review showed that adolescents' alcohol and tobacco use behaviour is triggered by various factors on the personal, interpersonal, organisational, community, and policy levels, and these factors are understood to predict or protect against alcohol and tobacco use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandu S Ekpenyong
- School of Nursing and Public Health, Manchester Metropolitan University, Brooks Building, Manchester M15 6GX, United Kingdom.
| | - Halimat Jagun
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Abak Road, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
| | - Hope A Stephen
- Institute of Inner-City Learning, University of Wales Trinity Saint David, United Kingdom
| | - Aishat T Bakre
- Birmingham and Solihull Mental Health NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Opeyemi Odejimi
- Institute of Health and Allied Profession, Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare Street, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, United Kingdom
| | - Eula Miller
- School of Nursing and Public Health, Manchester Metropolitan University, Brooks Building, Manchester M15 6GX, United Kingdom
| | - Mathew Nyashanu
- Institute of Health and Allied Profession, Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare Street, Nottingham NG1 4FQ, United Kingdom
| | - Stella F Bosun-Arije
- School of Nursing and Public Health, Manchester Metropolitan University, Brooks Building, Manchester M15 6GX, United Kingdom
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3
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Idowu A, Aremu AO, Akanbi IM, Eseigbe G, Adewale V, Awubite L, Adebayo O, Arisa D, Adetona B, Olaniyan A, Olafisoye E, Olorunshola O, Eyitayo J, Ogunlana O, Aboloye O, Mayor A, Olatunde E. Prevalence, pattern and determinants of substance abuse among youths in a rural community of Osun State, Southwest Nigeria. Afr Health Sci 2023; 23:563-574. [PMID: 38974308 PMCID: PMC11225453 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v23i4.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Study objectives This study assessed the prevalence, patterns and factors associated with substance abuse among youths of Ejigbo community, Osun State, Nigeria. Method This was a descriptive cross-sectional study which employed cluster sampling method to select 420 consenting youths (aged 15-24years). Data were collected using interviewer-administered, semi structured questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were carried out at p < 0.05. Results The mean age (±SD) of the respondents was 19 ± 4.18 years. Majority (89%) of the respondents possessed good knowledge of substance abuse while 4% of them had a positive attitude towards it. Above a quarter (29.8%) of respondents had ever consumed alcoholic beverages while 12.3% of them had engaged in substance abuse. Besides alcohol, Shisha and tramadol were the most commonly abused substances in the study setting. Respondents' age (AOR=3.11;95%CI=1.67-5.24), gender (AOR=1.87;95%CI=1.53-9.25), attitude to substance use (AOR=5.90;95%3.45-10.23) and marital status (AOR=3.27;95%-CI=2.71-7.24) were the main determinants of substance abuse in the study setting. Conclusion Respondents in the current study had good knowledge, predominantly negative attitude but a relatively high burden of substance abuse. There is urgent need for policy makers to upscale fights against the menace of substance abuse among rural Nigerian youths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajibola Idowu
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Bowen University, Iwo Nigeria
| | - Ayodele Olatayo Aremu
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Bowen University, Iwo Nigeria
| | - Ibukun Mary Akanbi
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Bowen University, Iwo Nigeria
| | - Gloria Eseigbe
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Bowen University, Iwo Nigeria
| | - Victoria Adewale
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Bowen University, Iwo Nigeria
| | - Loliya Awubite
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Bowen University, Iwo Nigeria
| | - Olumide Adebayo
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Bowen University, Iwo Nigeria
| | - Daniella Arisa
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Bowen University, Iwo Nigeria
| | - Blessing Adetona
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Bowen University, Iwo Nigeria
| | - Ayomikun Olaniyan
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Bowen University, Iwo Nigeria
| | - Ebunoluwa Olafisoye
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Bowen University, Iwo Nigeria
| | - Oluwaseyi Olorunshola
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Bowen University, Iwo Nigeria
| | - Jesulayomi Eyitayo
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Bowen University, Iwo Nigeria
| | - Omotolani Ogunlana
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Bowen University, Iwo Nigeria
| | - Oluwaseye Aboloye
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Bowen University, Iwo Nigeria
| | - Anatasia Mayor
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Bowen University, Iwo Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel Olatunde
- Department of Community Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Bowen University, Iwo Nigeria
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Kalungi H, Kamacooko O, Lunkuse JF, Namutebi J, Naluwooza R, Price MA, Ruzagira E, Mayanja Y. Prevalence and Factors Associated with Illicit Drug and High-Risk Alcohol Use among Adolescents Living in Urban Slums of Kampala, Uganda. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3460610. [PMID: 37961270 PMCID: PMC10635325 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3460610/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Background; Illicit drug and high risk alcohol use among adolescents leads to poor health outcomes. We enrolled adolescents from urban slums in Kampala, Uganda, to assess baseline prevalence, and factors associated with illicit drug and high-risk alcohol consumption. Methods; We conducted a cross-sectional study using data collected in a cohort that enrolled 14-19-year-old male and female participants from 25-March-2019 to 30-March 2020. Data was collected on social-demographics, sexual behavior and reproductive health using interviewer administered questionnaires. The main outcomes were illicit drug use and high-risk alcohol use. Data on alcohol use was collected using the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT); results were dichotomized. Factors associated with each outcome were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression. Results; We enrolled 490 participants (60.6% female) with median age 18 (IQR 17-18) years, 91.0% had less than secondary education, 48.4% had their sexual debut before 15years, 47.1% reported paid sex in the past 3 months and 24.7% had a sexually transmitted infection (chlamydia, gonorrhea and/ or active syphilis) at enrolment. The prevalence of illicit drug use was 34.9% while 16.1% were screened as high-risk alcohol users. Illicit drug use was associated with being male (aOR 9.62; 95% CI 5.74-16.11), being married (aOR 2.24; 95%CI 1.07-4.68) and having ≥10 paying sexual partners in the past 3 months (aOR 3.13; 95%CI 1.40-6.98). High risk alcohol use was associated with reporting sex work as the main job (aOR 3.19; 95%CI 1.02-9.94) and having experienced physical (aOR 1.96 95%CI 1.01-3.81) or emotional violence (aOR 2.08; 95%CI 1.14-3.82) from sexual partners. Conclusion: Illicit drug and high-risk alcohol use are prevalent among adolescents involved in high risk sexual behavior and living in urban slums of Kampala. Comprehensive interventions that target substance use among this group of young people are needed and should include measures against intimate partner violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hellen Kalungi
- Medical Research Council/ Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (MRC/UVRI & LSHTM) Uganda Research Unit, P.O. Box 49, Plot 51-59 Nakiwogo Road, Entebbe, Ug
| | - Onesmus Kamacooko
- Medical Research Council/ Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (MRC/UVRI & LSHTM) Uganda Research Unit, P.O. Box 49, Plot 51-59 Nakiwogo Road, Entebbe, Ug
| | - Jane Frances Lunkuse
- Medical Research Council/ Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (MRC/UVRI & LSHTM) Uganda Research Unit, P.O. Box 49, Plot 51-59 Nakiwogo Road, Entebbe, Ug
| | - Joy Namutebi
- Medical Research Council/ Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (MRC/UVRI & LSHTM) Uganda Research Unit, P.O. Box 49, Plot 51-59 Nakiwogo Road, Entebbe, Ug
| | - Rose Naluwooza
- Medical Research Council/ Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (MRC/UVRI & LSHTM) Uganda Research Unit, P.O. Box 49, Plot 51-59 Nakiwogo Road, Entebbe, Ug
| | | | - Eugene Ruzagira
- Medical Research Council/ Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (MRC/UVRI & LSHTM) Uganda Research Unit, P.O. Box 49, Plot 51-59 Nakiwogo Road, Entebbe, Ug
| | - Yunia Mayanja
- Medical Research Council/ Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (MRC/UVRI & LSHTM) Uganda Research Unit, P.O. Box 49, Plot 51-59 Nakiwogo Road, Entebbe, Ug
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Jelagat J, Budambula NLM, Ngari M, Budambula V. Polydrug Use among Students in a Public University in a Lower Middle-Income Country. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:8085588. [PMID: 37560202 PMCID: PMC10409583 DOI: 10.1155/2023/8085588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Recreational drug use among students in tertiary institutions remains a public health concern. Despite documentation of drug use in Kenyan universities, most of the studies are based on self-reported history which is prone to social desirability bias. It is in this context that we sought to establish lifetime and current drug use among university students. The study investigated self-reported and confirmed drug use. Using proportionate to size and snowball sampling methods, 380 respondents were enrolled from three university campuses. Actual drug use was confirmed qualitatively using a 6 panel plus alcohol saliva test kit. The study participants' median (IQR) age was 22 (20-23) years, and 262 (69%) were male; 328 (86%) were degree-level students, while 127 (33%) were in their fourth year and above. A total of 221 (58%) students reported a lifetime ever use of drugs, while 193 (51%) tested positive for at least one drug. Alcohol, tobacco products (cotinine), marijuana, and amphetamine or khat were the most preferred drugs. The usage was either solely, concurrently, or simultaneously. Having multiple sexual partners compared to students with no sexual partner (adjusted risk ratio (aRR) of 2.33 (95% CI 1.45, 3.76)) and residing in Mishomoroni and Kisauni (aRR 1.50 (95% CI 1.08, 2.09)) were associated with risk of testing positive for any drug. Having one (aRR of 1.54 (95% CI 1.05, 2.26)) and multiple sexual partners (aRR 2.03 (95% CI 1.27, 3.25) and residing in Mishomoroni and Kisauni (aRR 1.48 (95% CI 1.05, 2.08)) were associated with self-reported drug use. One out of two students was currently using drugs. Irrespective of the method used to record data, alcohol, tobacco products, marijuana, and amphetamine or khat were the most preferred drugs. The usage was solely, concurrently, or simultaneously. Future interventions should focus on continuing students, students' residences, and those who are sexually active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Jelagat
- Department of Environment and Health Sciences, Technical University of Mombasa, Kenya
| | | | - Moses Ngari
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- Department of Public Health, Pwani University, Kenya
| | - Valentine Budambula
- Department of Environment and Health Sciences, Technical University of Mombasa, Kenya
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Kalungi H, Kamacooko O, Lunkuse JF, Namutebi J, Naluwooza R, Price MA, Ruzagira E, Mayanja Y. Prevalence and Factors Associated with Illicit Drug and High-Risk Alcohol Use among Adolescents Living in Urban Slums of Kampala, Uganda. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.07.20.23292973. [PMID: 37546898 PMCID: PMC10402224 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.20.23292973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Illicit drug and high risk alcohol use among adolescents leads to poor health outcomes. We enrolled adolescents from urban slums in Kampala, Uganda, to assess baseline prevalence, and factors associated with illicit drug and high-risk alcohol consumption. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study using data collected in a cohort that enrolled 14-19-year-old male and female participants from 25-March-2019 to 30-March 2020. Data was collected on social-demographics, sexual behavior and reproductive health using interviewer administered questionnaires. The main outcomes were illicit drug use and high-risk alcohol use. Data on alcohol use was collected using the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT); results were dichotomized. Factors associated with each outcome were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression. Results We enrolled 490 participants (60.6% female) with median age 18 (IQR 17-18) years, 91.0% had less than secondary education, 48.4% had their sexual debut before 15years, 47.1% reported paid sex in the past 3 months and 24.7% had a sexually transmitted infection (chlamydia, gonorrhea and/ or active syphilis) at enrolment. The prevalence of illicit drug use was 34.9% while 16.1% were screened as high-risk alcohol users. Illicit drug use was associated with being male (aOR 9.62; 95% CI 5.74-16.11), being married (aOR 2.24; 95%CI 1.07-4.68) and having ≥10 paying sexual partners in the past 3 months (aOR 3.13; 95%CI 1.40-6.98). High risk alcohol use was associated with reporting sex work as the main job (aOR 3.19; 95%CI 1.02-9.94) and having experienced physical (aOR 1.96 95%CI 1.01-3.81) or emotional violence (aOR 2.08; 95%CI 1.14-3.82) from sexual partners. Conclusion Illicit drug and high-risk alcohol use are prevalent among adolescents involved in high risk sexual behavior and living in urban slums of Kampala. Comprehensive interventions that target substance use among this group of young people are needed and should include measures against intimate partner violence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hellen Kalungi
- Medical Research Council/ Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (MRC/UVRI & LSHTM) Uganda Research Unit, P.O. Box 49, Plot 51-59 Nakiwogo Road, Entebbe 256, Uganda
| | - Onesmus Kamacooko
- Medical Research Council/ Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (MRC/UVRI & LSHTM) Uganda Research Unit, P.O. Box 49, Plot 51-59 Nakiwogo Road, Entebbe 256, Uganda
| | - Jane Frances Lunkuse
- Medical Research Council/ Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (MRC/UVRI & LSHTM) Uganda Research Unit, P.O. Box 49, Plot 51-59 Nakiwogo Road, Entebbe 256, Uganda
| | - Joy Namutebi
- Medical Research Council/ Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (MRC/UVRI & LSHTM) Uganda Research Unit, P.O. Box 49, Plot 51-59 Nakiwogo Road, Entebbe 256, Uganda
| | - Rose Naluwooza
- Medical Research Council/ Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (MRC/UVRI & LSHTM) Uganda Research Unit, P.O. Box 49, Plot 51-59 Nakiwogo Road, Entebbe 256, Uganda
| | - Matt A. Price
- IAVI, 125 Broad St, New York, NY 10004 USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, 550 16 Street, CA 94143 San Francisco, USA
| | - Eugene Ruzagira
- Medical Research Council/ Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (MRC/UVRI & LSHTM) Uganda Research Unit, P.O. Box 49, Plot 51-59 Nakiwogo Road, Entebbe 256, Uganda
- 1London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Yunia Mayanja
- Medical Research Council/ Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (MRC/UVRI & LSHTM) Uganda Research Unit, P.O. Box 49, Plot 51-59 Nakiwogo Road, Entebbe 256, Uganda
- 1London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
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Nwafor JA, Chamdimba E, Ajayi AI, Ushie BA, Munthali AC, Thakwalakwa C, Kabiru CW. Correlates of intimate partner violence among pregnant and parenting adolescents: a cross-sectional household survey in Blantyre District, Malawi. Reprod Health 2023; 20:60. [PMID: 37055778 PMCID: PMC10099731 DOI: 10.1186/s12978-023-01606-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite efforts from the government and developmental partners to eliminate gender-based violence, intimate partner violence (IPV) remains a pervasive global health and human rights problem, affecting up to 753 million women and girls globally. Few studies on IPV have focused on pregnant and parenting adolescent (PPA) girls in Africa, although the region has the highest rates of adolescent childbearing. This limited attention results in the neglect of pregnant and parenting adolescents in policies and interventions addressing IPV in the region. Our study examined IPV prevalence and its individual, household, and community-level correlates among pregnant and parenting adolescent girls (10-19 years) in Blantyre District, Malawi. METHODS We collected data from a cross-section of pregnant and parenting adolescent girls (n = 669) between March and May 2021. The girls responded to questions on socio-demographic and household characteristics, lifetime experience of IPV (i.e., sexual, physical, and emotional violence), and community-level safety nets. We used multilevel mixed-effect logistic regression models to examine the individual, household, and community-level factors associated with IPV. RESULTS The lifetime prevalence of IPV was 39.7% (n = 266), with more girls reporting emotional (28.8%) than physical (22.2%) and sexual (17.4%) violence. At the individual level, girls with secondary education (AOR: 1.72; 95% CI: 1.16-2.54), who engaged in transactional sex (AOR: 2.29; 95% CI: 1.35-3.89), and accepted wife-beating (AOR: 1.97; 95% CI: 1.27-3.08) were significantly more likely to experience IPV compared to those with no education/primary education, who never engaged in transactional sex and rejected wife beating. Girls aged 19 (AOR: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.27-0.87) were less likely to report IPV than those aged 13-16. At the household level, girls with fair and poor partner support had higher odds of experiencing IPV, but the effect size did not reach a significant level in the parsimonious model. A high perception of neighborhood safety was associated with a lower likelihood of experiencing IPV (AOR: 0.81; 95% CI: 0.69-0.95). CONCLUSION Intimate partner violence is rife among pregnant and parenting adolescent girls in Malawi, underscoring the need for appropriate interventions to curb the scourge. Interventions addressing IPV need to target younger adolescents, those engaging in transactional sex, and those having weaker community-level safety nets. Interventions to change social norms that drive the acceptance of gender-based violence are also warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliet Amarachukwu Nwafor
- Sexual, Reproductive, Maternal, New-Born, Child, and Adolescent Health (SRMNCAH) Unit, African Population and Health Research Center, Manga Close, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya
| | - Elita Chamdimba
- Centre for Social Research, University of Malawi, P. O. Box 280, Zomba, Malawi
| | - Anthony Idowu Ajayi
- Sexual, Reproductive, Maternal, New-Born, Child, and Adolescent Health (SRMNCAH) Unit, African Population and Health Research Center, Manga Close, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya.
| | - Boniface Ayanbekongshie Ushie
- Sexual, Reproductive, Maternal, New-Born, Child, and Adolescent Health (SRMNCAH) Unit, African Population and Health Research Center, Manga Close, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya
| | - Alister C Munthali
- Centre for Social Research, University of Malawi, P. O. Box 280, Zomba, Malawi
| | | | - Caroline W Kabiru
- Sexual, Reproductive, Maternal, New-Born, Child, and Adolescent Health (SRMNCAH) Unit, African Population and Health Research Center, Manga Close, Nairobi, 00100, Kenya
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Olanrewaju JA, Hamzat EO, Enya JI, Udekwu MO, Osuoya Q, Bamidele R, Feyisike Johnson O, Johnson BS, Olanrewaju I, Owolabi JO. An assessment of drug and substance abuse prevalence: a cross-sectional study among undergraduates in selected southwestern universities in Nigeria. J Int Med Res 2022; 50:3000605221130039. [PMID: 36284451 PMCID: PMC9608018 DOI: 10.1177/03000605221130039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the prevalence and awareness of drug and substance abuse among undergraduates in four southwestern universities in Nigeria. METHODS The sample of 400 students included 100 male and female students in the 15- to 29-year age range from each of the four selected universities in southwest Nigeria between December 2019 and June 2020. Descriptive statistics and Pearson chi-square tests were used for data analysis using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). RESULTS Four hundred students satisfied the inclusion criteria and suitably completed the questionnaire. Most respondents were in the 15- to 19-year and 20- to 24-year age groups and were female (68%). Drug and substance abuse prevalence was 45.7%; one in every four students abused substances despite an aggregate risk awareness level of 94.6%. Alcohol and cigarettes-legally and socially accepted substances-were the most abused (61.5% and 54.5%, respectively). Codeine-containing syrup and tramadol topped the list of drugs, ranking higher than cannabis. The major motive was to 'get high' and numb emotional problems caused by predominantly socioeconomic and societal factors. CONCLUSION The study showed a notable prevalence of drug and substance abuse across the selected universities in southwest Nigeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Afees Olanrewaju
- Department of Anatomy, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria
- Eureka research lab, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | | | - Joseph Igbo Enya
- Department of Anatomy, PAMO University of Medical Sciences, Port Harcourt Rivers State, Nigeria
| | | | - Quincy Osuoya
- Eureka research lab, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Richard Bamidele
- Department of Anatomy, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | | | - Babajide Semeton Johnson
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Bristol and Weston NHS Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Ifedolapo Olanrewaju
- Department of Public Health, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Joshua Oladele Owolabi
- Department of Anatomy, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria
- Department of Anatomy, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Global Health Equity, Rwanda
- Joshua O Owolabi, Department of Anatomy, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Global Health Equity, Kigali Heights, Plot 772 KG 7 Ave., 5th floor, Kigali, Rwanda.
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Alves R, Precioso J. A influência dos pares no consumo de Substâncias Psicoativas entre estudantes universitários/as. REVISTA DE ESTUDIOS E INVESTIGACIÓN EN PSICOLOGÍA Y EDUCACIÓN 2022. [DOI: 10.17979/reipe.2022.9.0.8912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Entre os inúmeros fatores de influência social, os/as estudantes universitários/as são sensíveis aos comportamentos dos seus pares, sendo este considerado um preditor psicossocial robusto do consumo de substâncias psicoativas. O objetivo deste estudo prendeu-se com a análise da influência dos pares consumidores de substâncias psicoativas no consumo dessas mesmas substâncias por estudantes universitários. Este é um estudo transversal com uma amostra probabilística (n = 840) de estudantes universitários portugueses. Os dados foram recolhidos através de um questionário de autorelato anónimo e previamente validado composto por questões acerca dos consumos de substâncias psicoativas e dos consumos dessas substâncias pelos seus pares. Os resultados identificaram uma elevada prevalência de consumo de substâncias psicoativas (20.1%, 22.2% e 60.0% dos/as estudantes era fumador, consumidor de drogas ilícitas e apresentava um consumo excessivo de álcool, respetivamente). A maioria dos/as estudantes inquiridos/as referiu ter amigos/as consumidores/as de tabaco (84.8%), de drogas ilícitas (52.3%) e de álcool (93.9%). O consumo de substâncias psicoativas associou-se positivamente com ao consumo de substâncias psicoativas pelos pares. Estes resultados têm implicações práticas na investigação e intervenção em educação para a saúde no Ensino Superior. Por um lado, mostra a importância das instituições de ensino superior monitorizarem regularmente os comportamentos não-saudáveis e, por outro lado, que os programas de intervenção deverão capacitar os estudantes na tomada de decisões conscientes e positivas, promovendo o desenvolvimento de competências de regulação das emoções e a participação ativa das redes sociais mais próximas.
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Adesida SA, Quadri MO, Adedeji AM. Use of Psychoactive Substances among Students in a Nigerian University: An Imperative for Intervention Programmes. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2022.e01139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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Atsa'am DD, Balogun OS, Agjei RO, Devine SNO, Akingbade TJ, Omotehinwa TO. A Model for Predicting the Class of Illicit Drug Suspects and Offenders. JOURNAL OF DRUG ISSUES 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/00220426211049358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the artificial neural network was deployed to develop a classification model for predicting the class of a drug-related suspect into either the drug peddler or non-drug peddler class. A dataset consisting of 262 observations on drug suspects and offenders in central Nigeria was used to train the model which uses parameters such as exhibit type, suspect’s age, exhibit weight, and suspect’s gender to predict the class of a suspect, with a predictive accuracy of 83%. The model sets the pace for the implementation of a full system for use at airports, seaports, police stations, and by security agents concerned with drug-related matters. The accurate classification of suspects and offenders will ensure a faster and correct reference to the sections of the drug law that correspond to a particular offence for appropriate actions such as prosecution or rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald D. Atsa'am
- Department of Computer Science and Informatics, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | | | - Richard O. Agjei
- Department of Public Health, University of Central Nicaragua Medical Center, Semaforos del Zumen, Nicaragua
| | - Samuel N. O. Devine
- Department of Information and Communication Technology, Presbyterian University College, Abetifi-Kwahu, Ghana
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Alves R, Precioso J, Becoña E. llicit Drug Use among College Students: The Importance of Knowledge about Drugs, Live at Home and Peer Influence. J Psychoactive Drugs 2020; 53:329-338. [PMID: 33382024 DOI: 10.1080/02791072.2020.1865592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The problem of consumption of illicit psychoactive substances by students in higher education is not new, since it is in this age group that the highest prevalence of consumption of these substances continues to occur. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of illicit drug use among university students and to analyze the predictive factors and patterns of illicit drug use among university students in Portugal. A cross-sectional design and a stratified random sampling method were used (n = 840). A validated self-administered questionnaire was used, consisting of socio-demographic characteristics, information about the patterns of illicit drugs consumption, and knowledge and attitudes toward illicit drugs use. The prevalence of illicit drugs consumption was 22.2%, while overall students had a low level of knowledge and moderate scores when it came to the attitudes toward drug use. Being male, having changed residence after entering higher education, having friends who use illicit drugs and possessing knowledge on drugs increased the likelihood of consuming illicit drugs. The results of the study could help develop strategies to reduce use of illicit drugs in academic settings, giving special attention to the influence of peers and students who changed their residence after entering higher education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Alves
- CIEC - Research Centre Child Studies, Institute of Education - University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - José Precioso
- CIEC - Research Centre Child Studies, Institute of Education - University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Elisardo Becoña
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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