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Genet A, Girma A. Magnitude, associated risk factors, and trend comparisons of identified tuberculosis types among prisons in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e1789. [PMID: 38186928 PMCID: PMC10766876 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.1789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Tuberculosis (TB) remained a major public health threat, particularly in developing countries with vulnerable groups, particularly prison inmates. A systematic review and meta-analysis of individual studies with varying prevalence rates were performed to identify risk factors associated with the recent magnitude of TB among prisoners. Methods A systematic search of research articles on the magnitude and risk factors of TB among prisoners in Ethiopia was conducted in registers, databases, and other sources. Cochran's Q, inverse variance (I 2), sensitivity analysis, funnel plot, Begg's, and Egger's regression tests were used to check heterogeneity and publication bias. A random-effects model was used to calculate the pooled burden of TB among prisoners. Results The total national prevalence of TB among prisoners was 9.84% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.16-12.52). According to the subgroup analysis, the highest prevalence was observed in patients infected by latent TB (51.20%), the Southern nations, nationalities and people's region (SNNPR) (29.63%), studies conducted in ≤200 (17.50%) sample sizes, and from 2017 to 2022 (11.49%) study periods. TB infection among prisoners was significantly associated with a history of contact with TB patients (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 2.75; 95% CI: 0.98-4.52), coughing for ≥2 weeks (AOR = 0.08; 95% CI: -0.16-0.33), being incarcerated in overcrowded cells with poor ventilation (AOR = 0.39; 95% CI: -0.01-0.78), and increasing with the duration of imprisonment (AOR = 1.29; 95% CI: -0.39-2.97]. Conclusion Expectably high TB magnitude is found among prison inmates in Ethiopia. Duration of incarceration, coughing, ventilation of the cell, and contact with TB patients were all predictors of TB among prisoners. The management of TB requires early diagnosis, adequate medication, and the implementation of preventative and control measures suitable for prison inmates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amere Genet
- Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational ScienceMekdela Amba UniversityTulu AwuliyaEthiopia
| | - Abayeneh Girma
- Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational ScienceMekdela Amba UniversityTulu AwuliyaEthiopia
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Mambro A, Afshar A, Leone F, Dussault C, Stoové M, Savulescu J, Rich JD, Rowan DH, Sheehan J, Kronfli N. Reimbursing incarcerated individuals for participation in research: A scoping review. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DRUG POLICY 2024; 123:104283. [PMID: 38109837 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2023.104283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about global practices regarding the provision of reimbursement for the participation of people who are incarcerated in research. To determine current practices related to the reimbursement of incarcerated populations for research, we aimed to describe international variations in practice across countries and carceral environments to help inform the development of more consistent and equitable practices. METHODS We conducted a scoping review by searching PubMed, Cochrane library, Medline, and Embase, and conducted a grey literature search for English- and French-language articles published until September 30, 2022. All studies evaluating any carceral-based research were included if recruitment of incarcerated participants occurred inside any non-juvenile carceral setting; we excluded studies if recruitment occurred exclusively following release. Where studies failed to indicate the presence or absence of reimbursement, we assumed none was provided. RESULTS A total of 4,328 unique articles were identified, 2,765 were eligible for full text review, and 426 were included. Of these, 295 (69%) did not offer reimbursement to incarcerated individuals. A minority (n = 13; 4%) included reasons explaining the absence of reimbursement, primarily government-level policies (n = 7). Among the 131 (31%) studies that provided reimbursement, the most common form was monetary compensation (n = 122; 93%); five studies (4%) offered possible reduced sentencing. Reimbursement ranged between $3-610 USD in total and 14 studies (11%) explained the reason behind the reimbursements, primarily researchers' discretion (n = 9). CONCLUSIONS The majority of research conducted to date in carceral settings globally has not reimbursed incarcerated participants. Increased transparency regarding reimbursement (or lack thereof) is needed as part of all carceral research and advocacy efforts are required to change policies prohibiting reimbursement of incarcerated individuals. Future work is needed to co-create international standards for the equitable reimbursement of incarcerated populations in research, incorporating the voices of people with lived and living experience of incarceration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mambro
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Avideh Afshar
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Frederic Leone
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Camille Dussault
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mark Stoové
- Burnet Institute, School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Julian Savulescu
- Oxford Uehiro Centre for Practical Ethics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Josiah D Rich
- Center for Health and Justice Transformation, The Miriam and Rhode Island Hospitals, Departments of Medicine and Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Daniel H Rowan
- Division of Infectious Disease, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | | | - Nadine Kronfli
- Centre for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease and Chronic Viral Illness Service, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Sisay Asgedom Y, Ambaw Kassie G, Melaku Kebede T. Prevalence of tuberculosis among prisoners in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1235180. [PMID: 38222088 PMCID: PMC10787954 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1235180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Tuberculosis (TB) is a key community health problem in numerous settings, predominantly in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). TB is the second most lethal infectious disease worldwide. Around 1.6 million people died from TB in 2021. TB prevention and control strategies are difficult to implement in prison, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, owing to overcrowding and poor ventilation. Thus, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize the estimated pooled prevalence of tuberculosis among prisoners in sub-Saharan Africa. Materials and methods Electronic biomedical databases such as Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed/Medline, EMBASE, and Science Direct were used to systematically explore candidate studies published until December 2022. Data extraction was performed using a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. The estimated pooled prevalence of tuberculosis was determined using a fixed-effects model. Cochrane Q-test and I2 statistics were used to check heterogeneity statistically across different studies. Begg's rank and Egger's tests were performed to assess evidence of possible publication bias. Results A total of 40 articles involving 59,300 prisoners were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of tuberculosis was 4.02% (95% CI: 2.68-5.36). We found the highest prevalence using Gene X pert as a diagnostic method, which was 4.97 (95% CI: 2.22-7.73). There is no evidence of publication bias. Conclusion The outcome of this review revealed a high prevalence of tuberculosis among prisoners in sub-Saharan Africa. To reach the "End Tuberculosis strategy" by 2030, early identification of cases through screening on entry and periodical active case finding is important. Moreover, prevention and prompt treatment after diagnosis must be implemented to limit transmission to the general population. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/#searchadvanced, identifier (CRD42023428933).
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Mukherjee S, Perveen S, Negi A, Sharma R. Evolution of tuberculosis diagnostics: From molecular strategies to nanodiagnostics. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2023; 140:102340. [PMID: 37031646 PMCID: PMC10072981 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2023.102340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis has remained a global concern for public health affecting the lives of people for ages. Approximately 10 million people are affected by the disease and 1.5 million succumb to the disease worldwide annually. The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the role of early diagnosis to win the battle against such infectious diseases. Thus, advancement in the diagnostic approaches to provide early detection forms the foundation to eradicate and manage contagious diseases like tuberculosis. The conventional diagnostic strategies include microscopic examination, chest X-ray and tuberculin skin test. The limitations associated with sensitivity and specificity of these tests demands for exploring new techniques like probe-based assays, CRISPR-Cas and microRNA detection. The aim of the current review is to envisage the correlation between both the conventional and the newer approaches to enhance the specificity and sensitivity. A significant emphasis has been placed upon nanodiagnostic approaches manipulating quantum dots, magnetic nanoparticles, and biosensors for accurate diagnosis of latent, active and drug-resistant TB. Additionally, we would like to ponder upon a reliable method that is cost-effective, reproducible, require minimal infrastructure and provide point-of-care to the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Summaya Perveen
- Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Anjali Negi
- Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Rashmi Sharma
- Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR- Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu, 180001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Marín D, Keynan Y, Bangdiwala SI, López L, Rueda ZV. Tuberculosis in Prisons: Importance of Considering the Clustering in the Analysis of Cross-Sectional Studies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:5423. [PMID: 37048037 PMCID: PMC10094442 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20075423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The level of clustering and the adjustment by cluster-robust standard errors have yet to be widely considered and reported in cross-sectional studies of tuberculosis (TB) in prisons. In two cross-sectional studies of people deprived of liberty (PDL) in Medellin, we evaluated the impact of adjustment versus failure to adjust by clustering on prevalence ratio (PR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). We used log-binomial regression, Poisson regression, generalized estimating equations (GEE), and mixed-effects regression models. We used cluster-robust standard errors and bias-corrected standard errors. The odds ratio (OR) was 20% higher than the PR when the TB prevalence was >10% in at least one of the exposure factors. When there are three levels of clusters (city, prison, and courtyard), the cluster that had the strongest effect was the courtyard, and the 95% CI estimated with GEE and mixed-effect models were narrower than those estimated with Poisson and binomial models. Exposure factors lost their significance when we used bias-corrected standard errors due to the smaller number of clusters. Tuberculosis transmission dynamics in prisons dictate a strong cluster effect that needs to be considered and adjusted for. The omission of cluster structure and bias-corrected by the small number of clusters can lead to wrong inferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Marín
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín 050034, Colombia
| | - Yoav Keynan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
| | - Shrikant I. Bangdiwala
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- Population Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8L 2X2, Canada
| | - Lucelly López
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín 050034, Colombia
| | - Zulma Vanessa Rueda
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín 050034, Colombia
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0J9, Canada
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6
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Placeres AF, de Almeida Soares D, Delpino FM, Moura HSD, Scholze AR, dos Santos MS, Arcêncio RA, Fronteira I. Epidemiology of TB in prisoners: a metanalysis of the prevalence of active and latent TB. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:20. [PMID: 36631770 PMCID: PMC9835258 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07961-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) in prisons usually occurs at higher rates than in the general population, especially in developing countries. TB has been reported as the most common cause of death among prisoners. Studies have shown limitations for early detection of TB in prisons that seem to result from mistaken concepts about TB, delayed diagnosis mainly due to the naturalization of lack of healthcare for this population METHODS: A scoping review was performed using the methodology of the Joanna Briggs Institute to assess "What are the scientific evidences on the epidemiology of TB in the prison system?". Then, a meta-analysis was performed to assess the prevalence of TB (active and latent) TB in prisoners. The results are presented as prevalence, in percentage, through random effects models, with a confidence interval of 95%. RESULTS Regarding active TB, the results of the metanalysis showed that countries with a high burden of TB had a prevalence of 3.54% [2.71; 4.63], countries not considered to be high burden TB countries had a prevalence of 1.43% [0.86; 2.37]. Latent TB had a prevalence of 51.61% [39.46; 63.58] in high TB burden countries and a prevalence of 40.24% [23.51; 59.61] in countries with low TB burden. In terms of development, in low- and lower-middle-income countries, the prevalence of active TB was 3.13% [1.84; 5.29] and in high- and upper-middle income countries the prevalence was 2.25% [1.70; 2.99]. The prevalence of latent TB in high- and middle-income countries was 43.77% [28.61; 60.18] and of 49.42% [45.91; 52.94] in low and lower middle-income countries. CONCLUSION Our analysis suggests that TB, and probably other infectious diseases, find fertile ground in prisons where previous acquire social disadvantages seem to thrive-therefore, TB in prisons is a global public health problem and effective strategies are needed to control the disease are needed targeting the prison environment, including rapid health assessments to understand each context and to implement tailored and precision interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Ferreira Placeres
- grid.10772.330000000121511713Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Débora de Almeida Soares
- grid.10772.330000000121511713Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Rua da Junqueira 100, 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Felipe Mendes Delpino
- grid.411221.50000 0001 2134 6519Programa de Pós Graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Heriederson Sávio Dias Moura
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto (EERP/USP), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Rolim Scholze
- grid.441795.aUniversidade Estadual do Norte do Paraná, Campus Luiz Meneguel de Bandeirantes, Bandeirantes, Brazil
| | - Márcio Souza dos Santos
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto (EERP/USP), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Alexandre Arcêncio
- grid.11899.380000 0004 1937 0722Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto (EERP/USP), Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Inês Fronteira
- grid.10772.330000000121511713Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Zhang Y, Lu P, Wu K, Zhou H, Yu H, Yuan J, Dong L, Liu Q, Lu W, Yang H, Cao D, Zhu L. Positive rate and risk factors of latent tuberculosis infection among persons living with HIV in Jiangsu Province, China. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1051060. [PMID: 36960041 PMCID: PMC10029977 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1051060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To analyze the latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among persons living with HIV(PLWH) in Jiangsu Province, to explore the factors affecting the positive rate of LTBI, and to take appropriate measures to control tuberculosis (TB) infection. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among PLWH in Jiangsu Province from June to July 2021. All PLWH in Jiangsu Province were used as the study population. Currently, the diagnosis of LTBI lacks a "gold standard" and can only be assisted by the immunological method. In this study, Tuberculin skin test (TST), ESAT6-CFP10 test (EC), and QuantiFERON-TB gold in-tube (QFT) were used to detect the positive rate of LTBI among PLWH and to analyze their risk factors. Results A total of 340 prisoners were included, 89.7% were male, the median age was 38 years [Interquartile Range (IQR):32-46 years], these patients were on Antiviral Therapy (ART), and median CD4 counts was 376 (IQR: 261-496), 103 (30.3%) were positive in at least one test, LTBI by TST was 16.5%, LTBI by EC was 15.9%, LTBI by QFT was 26.2%. Univariate analysis showed the results for TST, EC, and QFT were not affected by CD4 counts (p>0.05), and multivariate analysis showed that a history of incarceration was associated with an increased risk of positive TST (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]=1.98;95% CI,1.03-3.82), EC (aOR=2.65;95% CI,1.37-5.12) and QFT (aOR=2.01;95%CI,1.12-3.57), in addition, female gender was associated with increased risk of positive TST (aOR=3.66;95%CI,1.60-8.37) and EC (aOR=3.43;95%CI,1.46-8.07), and contact history of TB patients was associated with increased risk of TST (aOR= 2.54;95%CI,1.23-5.22) and QFT (aOR=2.03;95%CI,1.03-3.99), and ethnic minorities (aOR=0.26;95%CI,0.12-0.57), longer duration of incarceration was associated with an increased risk of positive QFT (aOR=1.12;95%CI,1.02-1.24). Conclusions Female gender, and ethnic minorities, history of incarceration, longer duration of incarceration, and contact history of TB patients are risk factors for LTBI among PLWH in Jiangsu Province, and attention should be paid to TB control in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Chronic Communicable Disease, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peng Lu
- Department of Chronic Communicable Disease, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai Wu
- Jiangsu Prison Administration, Central Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongxi Zhou
- Jiangsu Prison Administration, Central Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haibing Yu
- Jiangsu Prison Administration, Central Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ju Yuan
- Jiangsu Prison Administration, Central Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lang Dong
- Jiangsu Prison Administration, Central Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qiao Liu
- Department of Chronic Communicable Disease, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Lu
- Department of Chronic Communicable Disease, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haitao Yang
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Health Policy Research Department, Jiangsu Provincial Health Development Research Center, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dianyi Cao
- Jiangsu Prison Administration, Central Hospital, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Limei Zhu, ; Dianyi Cao,
| | - Limei Zhu
- Department of Chronic Communicable Disease, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- *Correspondence: Limei Zhu, ; Dianyi Cao,
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Scholze AR, Alves JD, Berra TZ, Ramos ACV, Pieri FM, Pillon SC, Martins JT, Galdino MJQ, Melo EC, Delpino FM, Tártaro AF, Fronteira I, Arcêncio RA. Tuberculosis among People Living on the Street and Using Alcohol, Tobacco, and Illegal Drugs: Analysis of Territories in Extreme Vulnerability and Trends in Southern Brazil. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19137721. [PMID: 35805377 PMCID: PMC9265499 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Tuberculosis presents an epidemiological trend toward inequality, especially among people in social exclusion and situations of vulnerability. This study aimed to analyze territories with a concentration of people diagnosed with tuberculosis in a street situation and who partake in chronic use of alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drugs. We also analyzed trends in this health condition in southern Brazil. (2) Methods: Ecological study, developed in the 399 municipalities of Paraná, southern Brazil, with all tuberculosis cases in the homeless population registered in the Information System of Notifiable Diseases between 2014 and 2018. For data analysis, we used descriptive statistics, the Prais–Winsten autoregression method for the time series, and the Getis-Ord Gi technique* for spatial analysis. (3) Results: in total, 560 cases were reported. We found a predominance of alcohol, smoking, and illicit drug users, with an increasing trend in the state and clusters of spatial risk in the East health macro-region. (4) Conclusions: We observed territories with critical levels of highly vulnerable people who use psychoactive substances and are in a street situation. The results highlight the importance of incorporating public policies of social protection for these individuals and resolutive health services that receive these cases and assist in eradicating TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Rolim Scholze
- Department of Maternal-Infant and Public Health Nursing, Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-902, Brazil; (T.Z.B.); (A.C.V.R.); (F.M.D.); (A.F.T.); (R.A.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-(43)-99602-8846
| | - Josilene Dália Alves
- Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças 78605-091, Brazil;
| | - Thaís Zamboni Berra
- Department of Maternal-Infant and Public Health Nursing, Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-902, Brazil; (T.Z.B.); (A.C.V.R.); (F.M.D.); (A.F.T.); (R.A.A.)
| | - Antônio Carlos Vieira Ramos
- Department of Maternal-Infant and Public Health Nursing, Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-902, Brazil; (T.Z.B.); (A.C.V.R.); (F.M.D.); (A.F.T.); (R.A.A.)
| | - Flávia Meneguetti Pieri
- Department of Nursing, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (F.M.P.); (J.T.M.)
| | - Sandra Cristina Pillon
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Human Sciences, Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-902, Brazil;
| | - Júlia Trevisan Martins
- Department of Nursing, State University of Londrina, Londrina 86057-970, Brazil; (F.M.P.); (J.T.M.)
| | - Maria José Quina Galdino
- Department of Nursing, State University of Northern Paraná, Bandeirantes 86360-000, Brazil; (M.J.Q.G.); (E.C.M.)
| | - Emiliana Cristina Melo
- Department of Nursing, State University of Northern Paraná, Bandeirantes 86360-000, Brazil; (M.J.Q.G.); (E.C.M.)
| | - Felipe Mendes Delpino
- Department of Maternal-Infant and Public Health Nursing, Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-902, Brazil; (T.Z.B.); (A.C.V.R.); (F.M.D.); (A.F.T.); (R.A.A.)
| | - Ariela Fehr Tártaro
- Department of Maternal-Infant and Public Health Nursing, Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-902, Brazil; (T.Z.B.); (A.C.V.R.); (F.M.D.); (A.F.T.); (R.A.A.)
| | - Inês Fronteira
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical, University Nova de Lisboa, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Ricardo Alexandre Arcêncio
- Department of Maternal-Infant and Public Health Nursing, Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-902, Brazil; (T.Z.B.); (A.C.V.R.); (F.M.D.); (A.F.T.); (R.A.A.)
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9
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Scholze AR, Dália Alves J, Berra TZ, Santos FLD, Ramos ACV, Lima de Freitas G, José Quina Galdino M, Meneguetti Pieri F, Augusto Moraes Arcoverde M, Cristina Pillon S, Monroe AA, Fronteira I, Gomes D, Alexandre Arcêncio R. The burden of alcohol, tobacco and others drugs among incarcerated population diagnosed with tuberculosis: time trends and spatial determinants in Southern Brazil. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:999. [PMID: 35581564 PMCID: PMC9112653 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13408-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is a public health problem worldwide. It is estimated that 90% of the patients diagnosed with TB live in vulnerable environments with limited health resources, such as individuals living in correctional facilities. This study aimed to identify the consumption of alcohol, tobacco, and other drugs among prisoners diagnosed with TB and the spatial determinants and time trends of the phenomenon in southern Brazil. METHODS A cross-sectional study using data from the Brazilian Notifiable Diseases Information System was carried out. TB cases confirmed from 2014 to 2018 in prisons located in Paraná, Brazil, were selected. The Prais-Winsten procedure was performed to identify time trends by calculating monthly rates and the percentage of monthly variation. The Seasonal-Trend by Loess decomposition method was used to verify the time series and trends. The spatial association was verified with the Getis-Ord Gi* technique, and the risk areas were identified using spatial scan statistics. RESULTS A total of 1,099 TB cases were found in the studied population. The consumption of tobacco (n = 460; 41.9%), illegal drugs (n = 451; 41.0%), and alcohol (n = 179; 16.3%) stood out. An ascending trend was found for the consumption of alcohol (+ 19.4%/mo. (95%CI: 12.20-23.03)), tobacco (+ 20.2%/mo. (95%CI: 12.20-28.82)), and illegal drugs (+ 62.2%/mo. (95%CI: 44.54-81.97)). Spatial analysis revealed clusters for the use of alcohol, tobacco, and illegal drugs. CONCLUSIONS This study advances knowledge presenting the burden of drug use and its typology among individuals diagnosed with TB in the prison system. There is a growing trend among patients to use drugs, especially illegal drugs. The clusters show differences between the places where the prisons are located.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Rolim Scholze
- Department of Maternal-Infant and Public Health Nursing, Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.
| | - Josilene Dália Alves
- Institute of Biological Sciences and Health, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Barra do Garças, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Thaís Zamboni Berra
- Department of Maternal-Infant and Public Health Nursing, Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Felipe Lima Dos Santos
- Department of Maternal-Infant and Public Health Nursing, Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Antônio Carlos Vieira Ramos
- Department of Maternal-Infant and Public Health Nursing, Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Giselle Lima de Freitas
- Department of Maternal-Infant and Public Health Nursing, College of Nursing, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Sandra Cristina Pillon
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Human Sciences, Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Aline Aparecida Monroe
- Department of Maternal-Infant and Public Health Nursing, Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Inês Fronteira
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Instituto de Higiene E Medicina Tropical, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Dulce Gomes
- School of Science and Technology, Research Center in Mathematics and Application, University of Évora, Évora, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Alexandre Arcêncio
- Department of Maternal-Infant and Public Health Nursing, Ribeirão Preto College of Nursing, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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10
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Gudeta AN, Andrén Aronsson C, Binagdie BB, Girma A, Agardh D. Incidence of celiac disease autoimmunity and associations with maternal tuberculosis and pediatric Helicobacter pylori infections in 4-year-old Ethiopian children followed up in an HLA genotyped birth cohort. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:999287. [PMID: 36389354 PMCID: PMC9644195 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.999287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of celiac disease in the general population is mainly unknown in most of sub-Saharan African countries. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of celiac disease autoimmunity (CDA) and its associations with latent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (LMTB) and Helicobacter pylori (HP) infections in Ethiopian children aged 4 years in an HLA genotyped cohort study. METHODS Of 1,389 recruited children between 2018 and 2022, 1,046 (75.3%) had been screened at least twice for celiac disease between the ages of 2 and 4 years using a tissue transglutaminase autoantibody (tTGA) ELISA kit. Tissue TGA-positive children were retested using radio-binding assays. CDA was defined as persistent-confirmed tTGA positivity in two consecutive samples. Associations of CDA with LMTB and HP were tested in a subpopulation of 752 children born to mothers who were previously tested for LMTB with IFN-γ and anti-HP antibodies in samples collected at a mean age of 49.3 ± 5.3 months. RESULTS Screening detected 38 out of 1,046 (3.6%) IgA-tTGA-positive children. Ten (1.0%) were confirmed to be positive, with six (0.6%) children diagnosed with CDA. The incidence of CDA at 4 years of age was 1.2 per 1,000 person-years. LMTB was found in 4 of 6 (66.7%) mothers with CDA children compared with 340 of 734 (46.3%) mothers of children without CDA (p = 0.424), while HP was found in 3 of 6 (50.0%) CDA children compared with 315 of 746 (42.2%) children without CDA (p = 0.702). CONCLUSION The incidence of CDA in Ethiopian children is lower than the pooled global incidence. Neither LMTB nor HP infections are associated with CD in Ethiopian children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adugna Negussie Gudeta
- Unit of Diabetes and Celiac Disease, Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Carin Andrén Aronsson
- Unit of Diabetes and Celiac Disease, Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | | | - Alemayehu Girma
- Department of Pediatrics, Adama Hospital Medical College, Adama, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Agardh
- Unit of Diabetes and Celiac Disease, Department of Clinical Sciences, Clinical Research Center, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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11
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Saati AA, Khurram M, Faidah H, Haseeb A, Iriti M. A Saudi Arabian Public Health Perspective of Tuberculosis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:10042. [PMID: 34639342 PMCID: PMC8508237 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph181910042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Tuberculosis is a global health challenge due to its spreading potential. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) faces a challenge in the spread of tuberculosis from migrant workers, but the foremost threat is the huge number of pilgrims who travel to visit sacred sites of the Islamic world located in the holy cities of Makkah and Al Madina. Pilgrims visit throughout the year but especially in the months of Ramadan and Zul-Hijah. The rise of resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis is an established global phenomenon that makes such large congregations likely hotspots in the dissemination and spread of disease at a global level. Although very stringent and effective measures exist, the threat remains due to the ever-changing dynamics of this highly pathogenic disease. This overview primarily highlights the current public health challenges posed by this disease to the Saudi health system, which needs to be highlighted not only to the concerned authorities of KSA, but also to the concerned global quarters since the pilgrims and migrants come from all parts of the world with a majority coming from high tuberculosis-burdened countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah A. Saati
- Department of Community Medicine & Pilgrims Healthcare, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Muhammad Khurram
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar 25000, Pakistan
| | - Hani Faidah
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abdul Haseeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah 24382, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Marcello Iriti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Phytochem Lab, Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Center for Studies on Bioispired Agro-Environmental Technology (BAT Center), Università degli Studi di Napoli “Federico II”, 80055 Portici, Italy
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Materials Science and Technology (INSTM), 50121 Firenze, Italy
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12
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Gatechompol S, Harnpariphan W, Supanan R, Suwanpimolkul G, Sophonphan J, Ubolyam S, Kerr SJ, Avihingsanon A, Kawkitinarong K. Prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection and feasibility of TB preventive therapy among Thai prisoners: a cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health 2021; 21:1206. [PMID: 34162348 PMCID: PMC8223292 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-021-11271-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prisons are considered as major reservoirs for tuberculosis. Preventive therapy for latent TB infection (LTBI) is an adjunctive strategy to control TB. However, LTBI data in Thai prisoners is limited. This study assessed the prevalence of LTBI and feasibility of isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT). METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among prisoners in Klong Prem Central Prison, Bangkok. Participants were screened for active TB by questionnaire and chest X-ray. LTBI was evaluated by Tuberculin skin test (TST) and QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus (QFTP) among subgroup. Participants with positive TST or QFTP were considered to have LTBI. Participants with LTBI were offered IPT. RESULTS From August 2018-November 2019, 1002 participants were analyzed. All participants were male with a median age of 38 (IQR 32-50) years. LTBI identified by either TST/QFTP was present in 466 (46.5%) participants. TST was positive in 359 (36%) participants. In the subgroup of 294 participants who had both TST and QFTP results, 181/294 (61.6%) tested positive by QFTP. Agreement between TST and QFTP was 55.1% (Kappa = 0.17). The risk factors associated with LTBI were previous incarceration (aOR 1.53, 95%CI, 1.16-2.01, p = 0.002), history of prior active TB (aOR 3.02, 95%CI, 1.74-5.24, p < 0.001) and duration of incarceration ≥10 years (aOR 1.86, 95%CI, 1.24-2.79, p = 0.003). Majority of LTBI participants (82%) agreed to take IPT. Three hundred and 56 (93%) participants completed treatment whereas 27 (7%) participants discontinued IPT due to the side effects of INH. CONCLUSION This is the first study to evaluate the prevalence of LTBI and feasibility of IPT among Thai prisoners. LTBI prevalence in male prisoners in Thailand is high. LTBI screening and treatment should be implemented together with other preventive components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivaporn Gatechompol
- HIV-NAT, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, 104 Ratchadamri Rd., Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand. .,Tuberculosis Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.
| | - Weerakit Harnpariphan
- Medical Correctional Institution, Bangkok and Klong Prem Central Prison, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ruamthip Supanan
- Medical Correctional Institution, Bangkok and Klong Prem Central Prison, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Gompol Suwanpimolkul
- Tuberculosis Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jiratchaya Sophonphan
- HIV-NAT, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, 104 Ratchadamri Rd., Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Sasiwimol Ubolyam
- HIV-NAT, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, 104 Ratchadamri Rd., Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Tuberculosis Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Stephen J Kerr
- HIV-NAT, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, 104 Ratchadamri Rd., Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Biostatistics Excellence Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Anchalee Avihingsanon
- HIV-NAT, Thai Red Cross AIDS Research Centre, 104 Ratchadamri Rd., Pathumwan, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.,Tuberculosis Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kamon Kawkitinarong
- Tuberculosis Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, Thai Red Cross Society, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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