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Gaber DM, Ibrahim SS, Awaad AK, Shahine YM, Elmallah S, Barakat HS, Khamis NI. A drug repurposing approach of Atorvastatin calcium for its antiproliferative activity for effective treatment of breast cancer: In vitro and in vivo assessment. Int J Pharm X 2024; 7:100249. [PMID: 38689601 PMCID: PMC11059436 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2024.100249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer, the most common cancer among women, caused over 500,000 deaths in 2020. Conventional treatments are expensive and have severe side effects. Drug repurposing is a novel approach aiming to reposition clinically approved non-cancer drugs into newer cancer treatments. Atorvastatin calcium (ATR Ca) which is used for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia has potential to modulate cell growth and apoptosis. The study aimed at utilizing gelucire-based solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and lactoferrin (Lf) as targeting ligand to enhance tumor targeting of atorvastatin calcium for effective management of breast cancer. Lf-decorated-ATR Ca-SLNs showed acceptable particle size and PDI values <200 nm and 0.35 respectively, entrapment efficiency >90% and sustained drug release profile with 78.97 ± 12.3% released after 24 h. In vitro cytotoxicity study on breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7) showed that Lf-decorated-ATR Ca-SLNs obviously improved anti-tumor activity by 2 to 2.5 folds compared to undecorated ATR Ca-SLNs and free drug. Further, In vivo study was also carried out using Ehrlich breast cancer model in mice. Caspase-3 apoptotic marker revealed superior antineoplastic and apoptosis-inducing activity in the groups treated with ATR Ca-SLNs either decorated/ undecorated with Lf in dosage 10 mg/kg/day p < 0.001 with superior activity for lactoferrin-decorated formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina M. Gaber
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division (Pharmaceutics), College of Pharmacy, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Abu Kir Campus, Alexandria 1029, Egypt
| | - Sherihan S. Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University Alexandria, 21311, Egypt
| | - Ashraf K. Awaad
- Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and Applications, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21514, Egypt
| | - Yasmine M. Shahine
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University, Alexandria 21311, Egypt
| | - Salma Elmallah
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Division (Pharmaceutical Chemistry), College of Pharmacy, Arab Academy for Science, Technology and Maritime Transport, Abu Kir Campus, Alexandria 1029, Egypt
| | - Hebatallah S. Barakat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21525, Egypt
| | - Noha I. Khamis
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharos University, Alexandria 21311, Egypt
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Sedky NK, Mahdy NK, Abdel-Kader NM, Abdelhady MMM, Maged M, Allam AL, Alfaifi MY, Shamma SN, Hassan HAFM, Fahmy SA. Facile sonochemically-assisted bioengineering of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and deciphering their potential in treating breast and lung cancers: biological, molecular, and computational-based investigations. RSC Adv 2024; 14:8583-8601. [PMID: 38487521 PMCID: PMC10938292 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra08908h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Combining sonochemistry with phytochemistry is a modern trend in the biosynthesis of metallic nanoparticles (NPs), which contributes to the sustainability of chemical processes and minimizes hazardous effects. Herein, titanium dioxide (TiO2) NPs were bioengineered using a novel and facile ultrasound-assisted approach utilizing the greenly extracted essential oil of Ocimum basilicum. FTIR and UV-Vis spectrophotometry were used to confirm the formation of TiO2 NPs. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed the crystalline nature of TiO2 NPs. TEM analysis revealed the spherical morphology of the NPs with sizes ranging from 5.55 to 13.89 nm. Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) confirmed the purity of the greenly synthesized NPs. TiO2 NPs demonstrated outstanding antitumor activity against breast (MCF-7) and lung (A-549) cancer cells with estimated IC50 values of 1.73 and 4.79 μg mL-1. The TiO2 NPs were cytocompatible to normal cells (MCF-10A) with a selectivity index (SI) of 8.77 for breast and 3.17 for lung cancer. Biological assays revealed a promising potential for TiO2 NPs to induce apoptosis and arrest cells at the sub-G1 phase of the cell cycle phase in both cancer cell lines. Molecular investigations showed the ability of TiO2 NPs to increase apoptotic genes' expression (Bak and Bax) and their profound ability to elevate the expression of apoptotic proteins (caspases 3 and 7). Molecular docking demonstrated strong binding interactions for TiO2 NPs with caspase 3 and EGFR-TK targets. In conclusion, the greenly synthesized TiO2 NPs exhibited potent antitumor activity and mitochondrion-based cell death against breast and lung cancer cell lines while maintaining cytocompatibility against normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada K Sedky
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted by Global Academic Foundation R5 New Garden City, New Administrative Capital Cairo 11835 Egypt
| | - Noha Khalil Mahdy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University Kasr El-Aini Street Cairo 11562 Egypt
| | - Nour M Abdel-Kader
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted by Global Academic Foundation R5 New Garden City, New Administrative Capital Cairo 11835 Egypt
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University Cairo 11566 Egypt
| | - Manal M M Abdelhady
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University Cairo 11829 Egypt
| | - Mohamad Maged
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Nile University Giza Egypt
| | - Aya L Allam
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted by Global Academic Foundation New Administrative Capital Egypt
| | - Mohammad Y Alfaifi
- King Khalid University, Faculty of Science, Biology Department Abha 9004 Saudi Arabia
| | - Samir N Shamma
- Institute of Global Health and Human Ecology, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo AUC Avenue, P.O. Box 74 New Cairo 11835 Egypt
| | - Hatem A F M Hassan
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted by Global Academic Foundation New Administrative Capital Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University 11562 Cairo Egypt
| | - Sherif Ashraf Fahmy
- Department of Chemistry, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted by Global Academic Foundation R5 New Garden City, New Capital Cairo 11835 Egypt +20-1222613344
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Eslaminejad T, Nematollahi-Mahani SN, Sargazi ML, Ansari M, Mirzaie V. Evaluating the effects of curcumin nano-chitosan on miR-221 and miR-222 expression and Wnt/β-catenin pathways in MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and SKBR3 cell lines. Diagn Pathol 2024; 19:35. [PMID: 38365810 PMCID: PMC10870642 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-024-01468-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is one of the most common diseases worldwide that affects women of reproductive age. miR-221 and miR-222 are two highly homogeneous microRNAs that play pivotal roles in many cellular processes and regulate the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Curcumin (CUR), a yellow polyphenolic compound, targets numerous signaling pathways relevant to cancer therapy. The main aim of this study was to compare the ability of chitosan curcumin nanoparticle (CC-CUR) formulation with the curcumin in modulating miR-221 and miR-222 expression through Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and SK-BR-3 breast cancer cell lines. METHOD Chitosan-cyclodextrin-tripolyphosphate containing curcumin nanoparticles (CC-CUR) were prepared. Cytotoxicity of the CUR and CC-CUR was evaluated. Experimental groups including CC-CUR, CUR and negative control were designed. The expression of miR-221 and miR-222 and Wnt/β-catenin pathway genes was measured. RESULTS The level of miR-221 and miR-222 and β-catenin genes decreased in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells and WIF1 gene increased in all cells in CC-CUR group. However, the results in SK-BR-3 cell line were unexpected; since miRs and WIF1 gene expressions were increased following CC-CUR administration and β-catenin decreased by administration of CUR. CONCLUSION Although the composite form of curcumin decreased the expression of miR-221 and miR-222 in MCF-7 and MDA cells, with significant decreasing of β-catenin and increasing of WIF1 gene in almost all three cell lines, we can conclude than this formulation exerts its effect mainly through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. These preliminary findings may pave the way for the use of curcumin nanoparticles in the treatment of some known cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Touba Eslaminejad
- Department of Anatomy, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | | | - Marzieh Lotfian Sargazi
- Physiology Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mehdi Ansari
- Departments of Drug and Food Control, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Vida Mirzaie
- Department of Anatomy, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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Gonzalez-Salinas F, Herrera-Gamboa J, Rojo R, Trevino V. Heterozygous Knockout of ARID4B Using CRISPR/Cas9 Attenuates Some Aggressive Phenotypes in a Breast Cancer Cell Line. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:2184. [PMID: 38137006 PMCID: PMC10743217 DOI: 10.3390/genes14122184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death in women around the world. Over time, many genes and mutations that are associated with the development of this disease have been identified. However, the specific role of many genes has not yet been fully elucidated. Higher ARID4B expression has been identified as a risk factor for diverse cancer types. Silencing experiments also showed that ARID4B is associated with developing cancer-associated characteristics. However, no transcriptomic studies have shown the overall cellular effect of loss of function in breast cancer in humans. This study addresses the impact of loss-of-function mutations in breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, we generated mutations that caused heterozygous truncated proteins, isolating three monoclonal lines carrying insertions and deletions in ARID4B. We observed reduced proliferation and migration in in vitro experiments. In addition, from RNA-seq assays, a differential expression analysis shows known and novel deregulated cancer-associate pathways in mutated cells supporting the impact of ARID4B. For example, we found the AKT-PI3K pathway to be altered at the transcript level but through different genes than those reported for ARID4B. Our transcriptomic results also suggest new insights into the role of ARID4B in aggressiveness by the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and TGF-β pathways and in metabolism through cholesterol and mevalonate pathways. We also performed exome sequencing to show that no off-target effects were apparent. In conclusion, the ARID4B gene is associated with some aggressive phenotypes in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Gonzalez-Salinas
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, Monterrey 64710, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; (F.G.-S.); (J.H.-G.); (R.R.)
| | - Jessica Herrera-Gamboa
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, Monterrey 64710, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; (F.G.-S.); (J.H.-G.); (R.R.)
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo Leon, San Nicolas de los Garza 66455, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
| | - Rocio Rojo
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, Monterrey 64710, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; (F.G.-S.); (J.H.-G.); (R.R.)
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Mexico City 14380, Mexico
| | - Victor Trevino
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, Monterrey 64710, Nuevo Leon, Mexico; (F.G.-S.); (J.H.-G.); (R.R.)
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, The Institute for Obesity Research, Eugenio Garza Sada Avenue 2501, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, oriGen Project, Eugenio Garza Sada Avenue 2501, Monterrey 64849, Nuevo Leon, Mexico
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Moon HR, Surianarayanan N, Singh T, Han B. Microphysiological systems as reliable drug discovery and evaluation tools: Evolution from innovation to maturity. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2023; 17:061504. [PMID: 38162229 PMCID: PMC10756708 DOI: 10.1063/5.0179444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Microphysiological systems (MPSs), also known as organ-on-chip or disease-on-chip, have recently emerged to reconstitute the in vivo cellular microenvironment of various organs and diseases on in vitro platforms. These microfluidics-based platforms are developed to provide reliable drug discovery and regulatory evaluation testbeds. Despite recent emergences and advances of various MPS platforms, their adoption of drug discovery and evaluation processes still lags. This delay is mainly due to a lack of rigorous standards with reproducibility and reliability, and practical difficulties to be adopted in pharmaceutical research and industry settings. This review discusses the current and potential use of MPS platforms in drug discovery processes while considering the context of several key steps during drug discovery processes, including target identification and validation, preclinical evaluation, and clinical trials. Opportunities and challenges are also discussed for the broader dissemination and adoption of MPSs in various drug discovery and regulatory evaluation steps. Addressing these challenges will transform long and expensive drug discovery and evaluation processes into more efficient discovery, screening, and approval of innovative drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Ran Moon
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | | | - Tarun Singh
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Bumsoo Han
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed:. Tel: +1-765-494-5626
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Kim SJ, Seo I, Kim MH, Park JW, Kim S, Park WJ. Ceramide synthase 4 overexpression exerts oncogenic properties in breast cancer. Lipids Health Dis 2023; 22:183. [PMID: 37885013 PMCID: PMC10605224 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-023-01930-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ceramide, a bioactive signaling sphingolipid, has long been implicated in cancer. Members of the ceramide synthase (CerS) family determine the acyl chain lengths of ceramides, with ceramide synthase 4 (CerS4) primarily generating C18-C20-ceramide. Although CerS4 is known to be overexpressed in breast cancer, its role in breast cancer pathogenesis is not well established. METHODS To investigate the role of CerS4 in breast cancer, public datasets, including The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and two Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets (GSE115577 and GSE96058) were analyzed. Furthermore, MCF-7 cells stably overexpressing CerS4 (MCF-7/CerS4) as a model for luminal subtype A (LumA) breast cancer were produced, and doxorubicin (also known as Adriamycin [AD])-resistant MCF-7/ADR cells were generated after prolonged treatment of MCF-7 cells with doxorubicin. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis assessed the clinical significance of CERS4 expression, while Student's t-tests or Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) compared gene expression and cell viability in different MCF-7 cell lines. RESULTS Analysis of the public datasets revealed elevated CERS4 expression in breast cancer, especially in the most common breast cancer subtype, LumA. Persistent CerS4 overexpression in MCF-7 cells activated multiple cancer-associated pathways, including pathways involving sterol regulatory element-binding protein, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and β-catenin. Furthermore, MCF-7/CerS4 cells acquired doxorubicin, paclitaxel, and tamoxifen resistance, with concomitant upregulation of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter genes, such as ABCB1, ABCC1, ABCC2, ABCC4, and ABCG2. MCF-7/CerS4 cells were characterized by increased cell migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Finally, CERS4 knockdown in doxorubicin-resistant MCF-7/ADR cells resulted in reduced activation of cancer-associated pathways (NF-κB, Akt/mTOR, β-catenin, and EMT) and diminished chemoresistance, accompanied by ABCB1 and ABCC1 downregulation. CONCLUSIONS Chronic CerS4 overexpression may exert oncogenic effects in breast cancer via alterations in signaling, EMT, and chemoresistance. Therefore, CerS4 may represent an attractive target for anticancer therapy, especially in LumA breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jeong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Heukseok-lo 84, DongJak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Incheol Seo
- Department of Immunology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hee Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 07804, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo-Won Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, 07804, Republic of Korea
| | - Shin Kim
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Dalgubeol-daero 1095, Dalseo-gu, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea.
| | - Woo-Jae Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Heukseok-lo 84, DongJak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
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Li C, Holman JB, Shi Z, Qiu B, Ding W. On-chip modeling of tumor evolution: Advances, challenges and opportunities. Mater Today Bio 2023; 21:100724. [PMID: 37483380 PMCID: PMC10359640 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor evolution is the accumulation of various tumor cell behaviors from tumorigenesis to tumor metastasis and is regulated by the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, the mechanism of solid tumor progression has not been completely elucidated, and thus, the development of tumor therapy is still limited. Recently, Tumor chips constructed by culturing tumor cells and stromal cells on microfluidic chips have demonstrated great potential in modeling solid tumors and visualizing tumor cell behaviors to exploit tumor progression. Herein, we review the methods of developing engineered solid tumors on microfluidic chips in terms of tumor types, cell resources and patterns, the extracellular matrix and the components of the TME, and summarize the recent advances of microfluidic chips in demonstrating tumor cell behaviors, including proliferation, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, migration, intravasation, extravasation and immune escape of tumor cells. We also outline the combination of tumor organoids and microfluidic chips to elaborate tumor organoid-on-a-chip platforms, as well as the practical limitations that must be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengpan Li
- Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Joseph Benjamin Holman
- Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Zhengdi Shi
- Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Bensheng Qiu
- Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230027, China
| | - Weiping Ding
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230001, China
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Firatligil-Yildirir B, Yalcin-Ozuysal O, Nonappa. Recent advances in lab-on-a-chip systems for breast cancer metastasis research. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:2375-2393. [PMID: 37143816 PMCID: PMC10153489 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00823h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in women. Multiple molecular subtypes, heterogeneity, and their ability to metastasize from the primary site to distant organs make breast cancer challenging to diagnose, treat, and obtain the desired therapeutic outcome. As the clinical importance of metastasis is dramatically increasing, there is a need to develop sustainable in vitro preclinical platforms to investigate complex cellular processes. Traditional in vitro and in vivo models cannot mimic the highly complex and multistep process of metastasis. Rapid progress in micro- and nanofabrication has contributed to soft lithography or three-dimensional printing-based lab-on-a-chip (LOC) systems. LOC platforms, which mimic in vivo conditions, offer a more profound understanding of cellular events and allow novel preclinical models for personalized treatments. Their low cost, scalability, and efficiency have resulted in on-demand design platforms for cell, tissue, and organ-on-a-chip platforms. Such models can overcome the limitations of two- and three-dimensional cell culture models and the ethical challenges involved in animal models. This review provides an overview of breast cancer subtypes, various steps and factors involved in metastases, existing preclinical models, and representative examples of LOC systems used to study and understand breast cancer metastasis and diagnosis and as a platform to evaluate advanced nanomedicine for breast cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ozden Yalcin-Ozuysal
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Izmir Institute of Technology Urla 35430 Izmir Turkey
| | - Nonappa
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University FI-33720 Tampere Finland
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Musielak M, Boś-Liedke A, Piwocka O, Kowalska K, Markiewicz R, Szymkowiak B, Bakun P, Suchorska WM. The Role of Functionalization and Size of Gold Nanoparticles in the Response of MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells to Ionizing Radiation Comparing 2D and 3D In Vitro Models. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030862. [PMID: 36986725 PMCID: PMC10057027 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), as an agent enhancing radiosensitivity, play a key role in the potential treatment of breast cancer (BC). Assessing and understanding the kinetics of modern drug delivery systems is a crucial element that allows the implementation of AuNPs in clinical treatment. The main objective of the study was to assess the role of the properties of gold nanoparticles in the response of BC cells to ionizing radiation by comparing 2D and 3D models. In this research, four kinds of AuNPs, different in size and PEG length, were used to sensitize cells to ionizing radiation. The in vitro viability, uptake, and reactive oxygen species generation in cells were investigated in a time- and concentration-dependent manner using 2D and 3D models. Next, after the previous incubation with AuNPs, cells were irradiated with 2 Gy. The assessment of the radiation effect in combination with AuNPs was analyzed using the clonogenic assay and γH2AX level. The study highlights the role of the PEG chain in the efficiency of AuNPs in the process of sensitizing cells to ionizing radiation. The results obtained imply that AuNPs are a promising solution for combined treatment with radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Musielak
- Department of Electroradiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
- Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
- Radiobiology Laboratory, Department of Medical Physics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Boś-Liedke
- Department of Macromolecular Physics, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Oliwia Piwocka
- Department of Electroradiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
- Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
- Radiobiology Laboratory, Department of Medical Physics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kowalska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Roksana Markiewicz
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | | | - Paweł Bakun
- Doctoral School, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-812 Poznan, Poland
- Chair and Department of Chemical Technology of Drugs, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-781 Poznan, Poland
| | - Wiktoria M Suchorska
- Department of Electroradiology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
- Radiobiology Laboratory, Department of Medical Physics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
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Edamana S, Pedersen SF, Nejsum LN. Aquaporin water channels affect the response of conventional anticancer therapies of 3D grown breast cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 639:126-133. [PMID: 36481356 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.11.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Aquaporin (AQP) water channels facilitate water transport across cellular membranes and are essential in regulation of body water balance. Moreover, several AQPs are overexpressed or ectopically expressed in breast cancer. Interestingly, several in vitro studies have suggested that AQPs can affect the response to conventional anticancer chemotherapies. Therefore, we took a systematic approach to test how AQP1, AQP3 and AQP5, which are often over-/ectopically expressed in breast cancer, affect total viability of 3-dimensional (3D) breast cancer cell spheroids when treated with the conventional anticancer chemotherapies Cisplatin, 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) and Doxorubicin, a Combination of the three drugs as well as the Combination plus the Ras inhibitor Salirasib. Total viability of spheroids overexpressing AQP1 were decreased by all treatments except for 5-FU, which increased total viability by 20% compared to DMSO treated controls. All treatments reduced viability of spheroids overexpressing AQP3. In contrast, only Doxorubicin, Combination and Combination + Salirasib reduced total viability of spheroids overexpressing AQP5. Thus, this study supports a significant role of AQPs in the response to conventional chemotherapies. Evaluating the role of individual proteins that contribute to resistance to chemotherapies is essential in advancing personalized medicine in breast carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarannya Edamana
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Stine F Pedersen
- Department of Biology, Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, 2100, København Ø, Denmark
| | - Lene N Nejsum
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.
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11
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Goh JJH, Goh CJH, Lim QW, Zhang S, Koh CG, Chiam KH. Transcriptomics indicate nuclear division and cell adhesion not recapitulated in MCF7 and MCF10A compared to luminal A breast tumours. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20902. [PMID: 36463288 PMCID: PMC9719475 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24511-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) cell lines are useful experimental models to understand cancer biology. Yet, their relevance to modelling cancer remains unclear. To better understand the tumour-modelling efficacy of cell lines, we performed RNA-seq analyses on a combined dataset of 2D and 3D cultures of tumourigenic MCF7 and non-tumourigenic MCF10A. To our knowledge, this was the first RNA-seq dataset comprising of 2D and 3D cultures of MCF7 and MCF10A within the same experiment, which facilitates the elucidation of differences between MCF7 and MCF10A across culture types. We compared the genes and gene sets distinguishing MCF7 from MCF10A against separate RNA-seq analyses of clinical luminal A (LumA) and normal samples from the TCGA-BRCA dataset. Among the 1031 cancer-related genes distinguishing LumA from normal samples, only 5.1% and 15.7% of these genes also distinguished MCF7 from MCF10A in 2D and 3D cultures respectively, suggesting that different genes drive cancer-related differences in cell lines compared to clinical BC. Unlike LumA tumours which showed increased nuclear division-related gene expression compared to normal tissue, nuclear division-related gene expression in MCF7 was similar to MCF10A. Moreover, although LumA tumours had similar cell adhesion-related gene expression compared to normal tissues, MCF7 showed reduced cell adhesion-related gene expression compared to MCF10A. These findings suggest that MCF7 and MCF10A cell lines were limited in their ability to model cancer-related processes in clinical LumA tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Joon Ho Goh
- grid.418325.90000 0000 9351 8132Bioinformatics Institute, 30 Biopolis Street, Singapore, 138671 Singapore ,grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551 Singapore
| | - Corinna Jie Hui Goh
- grid.418325.90000 0000 9351 8132Bioinformatics Institute, 30 Biopolis Street, Singapore, 138671 Singapore
| | - Qian Wei Lim
- grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551 Singapore
| | - Songjing Zhang
- grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551 Singapore
| | - Cheng-Gee Koh
- grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551 Singapore
| | - Keng-Hwee Chiam
- grid.418325.90000 0000 9351 8132Bioinformatics Institute, 30 Biopolis Street, Singapore, 138671 Singapore ,grid.59025.3b0000 0001 2224 0361School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637551 Singapore
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12
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Gharib G, Bütün İ, Muganlı Z, Kozalak G, Namlı İ, Sarraf SS, Ahmadi VE, Toyran E, van Wijnen AJ, Koşar A. Biomedical Applications of Microfluidic Devices: A Review. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12111023. [PMID: 36421141 PMCID: PMC9688231 DOI: 10.3390/bios12111023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Both passive and active microfluidic chips are used in many biomedical and chemical applications to support fluid mixing, particle manipulations, and signal detection. Passive microfluidic devices are geometry-dependent, and their uses are rather limited. Active microfluidic devices include sensors or detectors that transduce chemical, biological, and physical changes into electrical or optical signals. Also, they are transduction devices that detect biological and chemical changes in biomedical applications, and they are highly versatile microfluidic tools for disease diagnosis and organ modeling. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the significant advances that have been made in the development of microfluidics devices. We will discuss the function of microfluidic devices as micromixers or as sorters of cells and substances (e.g., microfiltration, flow or displacement, and trapping). Microfluidic devices are fabricated using a range of techniques, including molding, etching, three-dimensional printing, and nanofabrication. Their broad utility lies in the detection of diagnostic biomarkers and organ-on-chip approaches that permit disease modeling in cancer, as well as uses in neurological, cardiovascular, hepatic, and pulmonary diseases. Biosensor applications allow for point-of-care testing, using assays based on enzymes, nanozymes, antibodies, or nucleic acids (DNA or RNA). An anticipated development in the field includes the optimization of techniques for the fabrication of microfluidic devices using biocompatible materials. These developments will increase biomedical versatility, reduce diagnostic costs, and accelerate diagnosis time of microfluidics technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazaleh Gharib
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Centre (SUNUM), Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano Diagnostics (EFSUN), Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - İsmail Bütün
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Zülâl Muganlı
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Gül Kozalak
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano Diagnostics (EFSUN), Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - İlayda Namlı
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | | | | | - Erçil Toyran
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
| | - Andre J. van Wijnen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Ali Koşar
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Science, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Centre (SUNUM), Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Center of Excellence for Functional Surfaces and Interfaces for Nano Diagnostics (EFSUN), Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Istanbul 34956, Turkey
- Turkish Academy of Sciences (TÜBA), Çankaya, Ankara 06700, Turkey
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13
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Zhang X, Karim M, Hasan MM, Hooper J, Wahab R, Roy S, Al-Hilal TA. Cancer-on-a-Chip: Models for Studying Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030648. [PMID: 35158914 PMCID: PMC8833392 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Microfluidic-based cancer-on-a-chip models are powerful tools to study the tumor microenvironment (TME). Two-dimensional cell culture cannot recapitulate TME. In vivo animal models can better represent the TME, but their physiology is vastly different from that of humans. Although three-dimensional tumor models can bridge the gap between in vitro and in vivo examination, they are still unable to test many crucial cues from the TME, such as mechanical cues, cell–cell, and cell–extracellular interactions. Cancer-on-a-chip platforms enable studying the metastatic process in a step-wise manner with precise control. We present an overview of the recent advances in cancer-on-a-chip models on metastasis including models that mimic mechanical cues. This review article will provide knowledge of the latest progress made on cancer-on-a-chip models. Abstract The microfluidic-based cancer-on-a-chip models work as a powerful tool to study the tumor microenvironment and its role in metastasis. The models recapitulate and systematically simplify the in vitro tumor microenvironment. This enables the study of a metastatic process in unprecedented detail. This review examines the development of cancer-on-a-chip microfluidic platforms at the invasion/intravasation, extravasation, and angiogenesis steps over the last three years. The on-chip modeling of mechanical cues involved in the metastasis cascade are also discussed. Finally, the popular design of microfluidic chip models for each step are discussed along with the challenges and perspectives of cancer-on-a-chip models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (X.Z.); (M.K.); (M.M.H.); (R.W.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (J.H.); (S.R.)
| | - Mazharul Karim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (X.Z.); (M.K.); (M.M.H.); (R.W.)
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, College of Science, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Md Mahedi Hasan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (X.Z.); (M.K.); (M.M.H.); (R.W.)
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, College of Science, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Jacob Hooper
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (J.H.); (S.R.)
| | - Riajul Wahab
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (X.Z.); (M.K.); (M.M.H.); (R.W.)
| | - Sourav Roy
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (J.H.); (S.R.)
- Border Biomedical Research Center, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
| | - Taslim A. Al-Hilal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (X.Z.); (M.K.); (M.M.H.); (R.W.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA; (J.H.); (S.R.)
- Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, College of Science, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-915-747-8390
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14
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Application of Microfluidic Systems for Breast Cancer Research. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:mi13020152. [PMID: 35208277 PMCID: PMC8877872 DOI: 10.3390/mi13020152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a disease in which cells in the body grow out of control; breast cancer is the most common cancer in women in the United States. Due to early screening and advancements in therapeutic interventions, deaths from breast cancer have declined over time, although breast cancer remains the second leading cause of cancer death among women. Most deaths are due to metastasis, as cancer cells from the primary tumor in the breast form secondary tumors in remote sites in distant organs. Over many years, the basic biological mechanisms of breast cancer initiation and progression, as well as the subsequent metastatic cascade, have been studied using cell cultures and animal models. These models, although extremely useful for delineating cellular mechanisms, are poor predictors of physiological responses, primarily due to lack of proper microenvironments. In the last decade, microfluidics has emerged as a technology that could lead to a paradigm shift in breast cancer research. With the introduction of the organ-on-a-chip concept, microfluidic-based systems have been developed to reconstitute the dominant functions of several organs. These systems enable the construction of 3D cellular co-cultures mimicking in vivo tissue-level microenvironments, including that of breast cancer. Several reviews have been presented focusing on breast cancer formation, growth and metastasis, including invasion, intravasation, and extravasation. In this review, realizing that breast cancer can recur decades following post-treatment disease-free survival, we expand the discussion to account for microfluidic applications in the important areas of breast cancer detection, dormancy, and therapeutic development. It appears that, in the future, the role of microfluidics will only increase in the effort to eradicate breast cancer.
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15
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Venis SM, Moon HR, Yang Y, Utturkar SM, Konieczny SF, Han B. Engineering of a functional pancreatic acinus with reprogrammed cancer cells by induced PTF1a expression. LAB ON A CHIP 2021; 21:3675-3685. [PMID: 34581719 PMCID: PMC9175079 DOI: 10.1039/d1lc00350j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
A pancreatic acinus is a functional unit of the exocrine pancreas producing digest enzymes. Its pathobiology is crucial to pancreatic diseases including pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer, which can initiate from pancreatic acini. However, research on pancreatic acini has been significantly hampered due to the difficulty of culturing normal acinar cells in vitro. In this study, an in vitro model of the normal acinus, named pancreatic acinus-on-chip (PAC), is developed using reprogrammed pancreatic cancer cells. The developed model is a microfluidic platform with an epithelial duct and acinar sac geometry microfabricated by a newly developed two-step controlled "viscous-fingering" technique. In this model, human pancreatic cancer cells, Panc-1, reprogrammed to revert to the normal state upon induction of PTF1a gene expression, are cultured. Bioinformatic analyses suggest that, upon induced PTF1a expression, Panc-1 cells transition into a more normal and differentiated acinar phenotype. The microanatomy and exocrine functions of the model are characterized to confirm the normal acinus phenotypes. The developed model provides a new and reliable testbed to study the initiation and progression of pancreatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Venis
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Hye-Ran Moon
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Sagar M Utturkar
- Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Stephen F Konieczny
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Bumsoo Han
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
- Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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