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Choi M, Kim JS, Park CY, Choi Y, Yoon T, Bae J. Feasibility of Whole-Body Resistance Training With Social Support Reinforcement for Older Adults Living Alone: A Mixed-Methods Pilot Study. J Gerontol Nurs 2024; 50:34-41. [PMID: 39361633 DOI: 10.3928/00989134-20240913-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the feasibility and acceptability of progressive whole-body resistance training with social support reinforcement for older adults living alone. METHOD This mixed methods single-group pilot study examined an intervention provided over 3 nonconsecutive days per week for 12 weeks. We evaluated quantitative data on recruitment, uptake, retention, and adherence, and measured pretest and posttest outcome scores on body composition, physical function, and psychosocial health. We conducted a focus group interview to collect qualitative data on participants' perspectives. RESULTS Seven participants (five women and two men) completed the program (attendance rate = 88.9%). Physical function and psychosocial health improved, but soft lean and skeletal muscle mass decreased. Five themes emerged from the qualitative data. CONCLUSION Results support the feasibility and benefits of this intervention program for older adults living alone despite challenges with recruitment and uptake. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 50(10), 34-41.].
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Hayes EJ, Hurst C, Granic A, Sayer AA, Stevenson E. Challenges in Conducting Exercise Recovery Studies in Older Adults and Considerations for Future Research: Findings from a Nutritional Intervention Study. Geriatrics (Basel) 2024; 9:116. [PMID: 39311241 PMCID: PMC11417820 DOI: 10.3390/geriatrics9050116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2024] [Revised: 08/06/2024] [Accepted: 09/06/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Maximising the potential benefit of resistance exercise (RE) programs by ensuring optimal recovery is an important aim of exercise prescription. Despite this, research surrounding recovery from RE in older adults is limited and inconsistent. The following randomised controlled trial was designed to investigate the efficacy of milk consumption for improving recovery from RE in older adults. However, the study encountered various challenges that may be applicable to similar studies. These include recruitment issues, a lack of measurable perturbations in muscle function following RE, and potential learning effects amongst participants. Various considerations for exercise research have arisen from the data which could inform the design of future studies in this area. These include (i) recruitment-consider ways in which the study design could be altered to aid recruitment or allow a longer recruitment period; (ii) learning effects and familiarisation-consider potential learning effects of outcome measures and adjust familiarisation accordingly; (iii) identify, validate and optimise protocols for outcome measures that are applicable for the specific population; (iv) adjust the exercise protocol according to the specific aims of the study (e.g., are you replicating a usual exercise bout or is the intent to cause large amounts of muscle damage?).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Jayne Hayes
- Health and Life Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, UK
| | - Christopher Hurst
- AGE Research Group, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK; (C.H.); (A.G.); (A.A.S.)
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cumbria, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Antoneta Granic
- AGE Research Group, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK; (C.H.); (A.G.); (A.A.S.)
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cumbria, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Avan A. Sayer
- AGE Research Group, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK; (C.H.); (A.G.); (A.A.S.)
- NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cumbria, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Emma Stevenson
- School of Biomedical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK;
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Liao CD, Huang SW, Chen HC, Huang MH, Liou TH, Lin CL. Comparative Efficacy of Different Protein Supplements on Muscle Mass, Strength, and Physical Indices of Sarcopenia among Community-Dwelling, Hospitalized or Institutionalized Older Adults Undergoing Resistance Training: A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Nutrients 2024; 16:941. [PMID: 38612975 PMCID: PMC11013298 DOI: 10.3390/nu16070941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging-related sarcopenia exerts harmful impacts on muscle mass, strength, and physical mobility. Protein supplementation has been demonstrated to augment efficacy of resistance training (RT) in elderly. This study compared the relative effects of different protein supplements on muscle mass, strength, and mobility outcomes in middle-aged and older individuals undergoing RT. A comprehensive search of online databases was performed to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the efficacy of protein supplement plus RT in untrained community-dwelling adults, hospitalized, or institutionalized residents who suffered acute or chronic health conditions. Network meta-analysis (NMA) was performed using a frequentist method for all analyses. Treatment effects for main outcomes were expressed as standard mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence interval (CI). We used the surface-under-the cumulative-ranking (SUCRA) scores to rank probabilities of effect estimation among all identified treatments. Meta-regression analyses were performed to identify any relevant moderator of the treatment efficacy and results were expressed as β with 95% credible interval (CrI). We finally included 78 RCTs (5272 participants) for analyses. Among the six protein sources identified in this NMA, namely whey, milk, casein, meat, soy, and peanut, whey supplement yielded the most effective treatments augmenting efficacy of RT on muscle mass (SMD = 1.29, 95% CI: 0.96, 1.62; SUCRA = 0.86), handgrip strength (SMD = 1.46, 95% CI: 0.92, 2.00; SUCRA = 0.85), and walking speed (SMD = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.39, 1.07; SUCRA = 0.84). Participant's health condition, sex, and supplementation dose were significant factors moderating the treatment efficacy on muscle mass (β = 0.74; 95% CrI: 0.22, 1.25), handgrip strength (β = -1.72; 95% CrI: -2.68, -0.77), and leg strength (β = 0.76; 95% CrI: 0.06, 1.47), respectively. Our findings suggest whey protein yields the optimal supplements to counter sarcopenia in older individuals undergoing RT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-De Liao
- International Ph.D. Program in Gerontology and Long-Term Care, College of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 110301, Taiwan;
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235041, Taiwan; (S.-W.H.); (H.-C.C.); (T.-H.L.)
| | - Shih-Wei Huang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235041, Taiwan; (S.-W.H.); (H.-C.C.); (T.-H.L.)
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 110301, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chou Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235041, Taiwan; (S.-W.H.); (H.-C.C.); (T.-H.L.)
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 110301, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Hua Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98015, USA;
| | - Tsan-Hon Liou
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 235041, Taiwan; (S.-W.H.); (H.-C.C.); (T.-H.L.)
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 110301, Taiwan
| | - Che-Li Lin
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 11031, Taiwan
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Chen L, Huang H, Jiang S, Yao H, Xu L, Huang Q, Xiao M, Zhao Q. Facilitators and barriers to the implementation of dietary nutrition interventions for community-dwelling older adults with physical frailty and sarcopenia: A qualitative meta-synthesis. Int J Nurs Sci 2024; 11:18-30. [PMID: 38352282 PMCID: PMC10859587 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnss.2023.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives With the acceleration of an aging society, the prevalence of age-related chronic diseases such as physical frailty and sarcopenia is gradually increasing with numerous adverse effects. Dietary nutrition is an important modifiable risk factor for the management of physical frailty and sarcopenia, but there are many complex influences on its implementation in community settings. This study aimed to summarize the facilitators and barriers to the implementation of dietary nutrition interventions for community-dwelling older adults with physical frailty and sarcopenia, and to provide a reference for the formulation of relevant health management programs. Methods Searches were conducted in databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Medline (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), and Cochrane Library from inception to January 2023. Searches were completed for a combination of MeSH terms and free terms. The Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) instrument was used to appraise quality. Coding and analysis of the extracted information were performed using the socio-ecological modeling framework. The study protocol for this review was registered on the PROSPERO ( CRD42022381339). Results A total of 10 studies were included. Of these, four were nutrition-only focused interventions, and six were dietary nutrition and exercise interventions. The facilitators and barriers were summarized based on the socio-ecological model that emerged at three levels: individual trait level, external environment level, and intervention-related level, containing ten subthemes. Conclusion Individual internal motivation and external support should be integrated with the implementation of diet- and nutrition-related interventions in community-living aged people with physical frailty and sarcopenia. Develop "tailored" interventions for participants and maximize available human and physical resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Chen
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huanhuan Huang
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Siqi Jiang
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haiyan Yao
- Library, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Xu
- Health Management Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qi Huang
- School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingzhao Xiao
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qinghua Zhao
- Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Vijayakumaran RK, Daly RM, Tan VPS. "We want more": perspectives of sarcopenic older women on the feasibility of high-intensity progressive resistance exercises and a whey-protein nutrition intervention. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1176523. [PMID: 37743924 PMCID: PMC10513027 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1176523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This qualitative study is nested within a 12-week pilot randomized-controlled, two-arm trial involving high-intensity progressive resistance training (PRT) or PRT with a multi-nutrient, whey-protein supplementation (PRT+WP) in sarcopenic older adults (trial registration no: TCTR20230703001). The aim was to investigate sarcopenic participants' perceptions and barriers to this multi-modal intervention strategy that may accelerate "real-world" implementation. Eighteen older adults (one man) with possible sarcopenia were invited to join the study, of whom 16 women were randomized to a thrice-weekly PRT (n = 8) program (80% of 1-repetitive maximum, six resistance band exercises) only or PRT plus daily weekday milk-based WP supplementation (PRT+WP, n = 8). Muscle strength (handgrip and 5-times sit-to-stand), mass (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), performance (Short Physical Performance Battery and stair ascent-descent), and nutrition status (Mini Nutritional Assessment) were assessed for changes. We randomly selected eight women for the semi-structured interview. Post-intervention, eight (50%) women were sarcopenia-free, six (38%) remained in possible sarcopenia, one (6%) improved to sarcopenia, and one (6%) deteriorated from possible to severe sarcopenia. There were no significant between-group differences, but significant within-group improvements (p < 0.05) were detected for handgrip strength (PRT+WP 5.0 kg, d = 0.93; PRT 6.1 kg, d = 0.55), 5-times sit-to-stand time (PRT 2.0 s, d = 1.04), nutrition score (PRT+WP 3.44, d = 0.52; PRT 1.80, d = 0.44), and stair ascent time (PRT+WP 0.97 s, d = 0.77; PRT 0.75 s, d = 0.97). Our thematic analyses identified four main themes, namely, (1) perceived benefits, (2) sustaining behavior changes, (3) challenges in participating, and (4) improved wellbeing. Participants expressed how they initially were skeptical and doubted that they could complete the exercises or tolerate the milk-based WP supplements. However, they reported positive experiences and benefits felt from strength gains, increased confidence, and better physical abilities. Participants were surprised by the zero adverse effects of WP supplements. The women wanted more nutritional information and structured, guided exercise programs and suggested a community-based implementation. In conclusion, our findings showed PRT was well received and may support reduced risks of sarcopenia. No added benefits were seen with the addition of WP supplementation, but a larger sample is required to address this question. Overall, older (previously sarcopenic) Malay women indicated that they want more multi-modal programs embedded in their community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reena K. Vijayakumaran
- Department of Rehabilitation and Sports Science, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Bournemouth University, Bournemouth, United Kingdom
| | - Robin M. Daly
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Vina P. S. Tan
- Exercise & Sports Science, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
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Miyazaki R, Abe T, Sakane N, Ando H, Yano S, Okuyama K, Isomura M, Yamasaki M, Nabika T. Associations between dairy consumption and the physical function in Japanese community-dwelling older adults: The Shimane CoHRE study. Geriatr Nurs 2023; 53:19-24. [PMID: 37406501 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2023.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We investigated sex differences in the associations between dairy consumption and the physical function among community-dwelling older adults. METHODS Six hundred and fifty-six older adults (75.6 ± 6.4 years old) participated in this study. Dairy consumption (5-item Likert score) and the physical function (gait speed, handgrip strength, and skeletal muscle mass) were measured. The linear and quadratic associations between dairy consumption and the physical function measures were examined by a multiple linear regression analysis adjusted for covariates. RESULTS Among women, an increased dairy consumption was significantly linearly associated with greater hand-grip strength and faster gait speed (both p<0.05) after adjusting for covariates. Among men, dairy consumption was not associated with the physical function measures. Dairy consumption was not associated with the muscle mass in either sex. CONCLUSIONS Increased dairy consumption was associated with a superior physical function in older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Miyazaki
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue-shi, Shimane 690-8504, Japan; Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Head Office for Research and Academic Information Shimane University, 223-8 Enya-cho, Izumo-shi, Shimane 693-8501, Japan.
| | - Takafumi Abe
- Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Head Office for Research and Academic Information Shimane University, 223-8 Enya-cho, Izumo-shi, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Naoki Sakane
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Clinical Research Institute for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease, National Hospital Organization, Kyoto Medical Center, 1-1 Mukaihata-cho, Fukakusa, Fushimi-ku, Kyoto 612-8555, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ando
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Function Analysis, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8640, Japan
| | - Shozo Yano
- Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Head Office for Research and Academic Information Shimane University, 223-8 Enya-cho, Izumo-shi, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Kenta Okuyama
- Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Head Office for Research and Academic Information Shimane University, 223-8 Enya-cho, Izumo-shi, Shimane 693-8501, Japan; Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, Malmö 20502, Sweden
| | - Minoru Isomura
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue-shi, Shimane 690-8504, Japan; Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Head Office for Research and Academic Information Shimane University, 223-8 Enya-cho, Izumo-shi, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yamasaki
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue-shi, Shimane 690-8504, Japan; Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Head Office for Research and Academic Information Shimane University, 223-8 Enya-cho, Izumo-shi, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
| | - Toru Nabika
- Center for Community-Based Healthcare Research and Education (CoHRE), Head Office for Research and Academic Information Shimane University, 223-8 Enya-cho, Izumo-shi, Shimane 693-8501, Japan
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Molaeikhaletabadi M, Bagheri R, Hemmatinafar M, Nemati J, Wong A, Nordvall M, Namazifard M, Suzuki K. Short-Term Effects of Low-Fat Chocolate Milk on Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness and Performance in Players on a Women's University Badminton Team. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:3677. [PMID: 35329361 PMCID: PMC8954613 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the short-term effects of low-fat chocolate milk (LFCM) consumption on delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and performance in female badminton players. Seven female badminton players (23 ± 1 years; height: 163.8 ± 4.1 cm; body mass: 58.7 ± 0.9 kg) were randomly assigned to 1 week of LFCM (500 mL) or placebo (water, 500 mL) consumption in a crossover design. Participants consumed LFCM or water immediately after each training session during the 1-week intervention. Performance variables (aerobic power, anaerobic power, agility, explosive power, and maximum handgrip strength) were assessed at two separate time points: pre and post-intervention (after 1 week). In addition, the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used to assess DOMS before, immediately after, and at 24 and 48 h after each training session. There were significant time effects for aerobic power, upper body explosive power, minimum anaerobic power, and time to exhaustion (TTE), which significantly increased after LFCM consumption (p < 0.05). Moreover, relative and maximum lower body power significantly (p < 0.05) increased, while rating of perceived exertion (RPE) as well as DOMS in lower extremity muscles immediately after exercise significantly decreased after LFCM consumption compared to placebo (p < 0.05). There were no significant changes in maximum anaerobic power, agility, and maximum handgrip strength (p > 0.05). LFCM, as a post-exercise beverage, may help speed recovery in female badminton players leading to increased aerobic, anaerobic, and strength performance indices, increased TTE, and decreased muscle soreness and RPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Molaeikhaletabadi
- Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz 1585-71345, Iran; (M.M.); (J.N.)
| | - Reza Bagheri
- Department of Exercise Physiology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan 81746-73441, Iran;
| | - Mohammad Hemmatinafar
- Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz 1585-71345, Iran; (M.M.); (J.N.)
| | - Javad Nemati
- Department of Sport Science, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shiraz University, Shiraz 1585-71345, Iran; (M.M.); (J.N.)
| | - Alexei Wong
- Department Health & Human Performance, Marymount University, Arlington, VA 22207, USA; (A.W.); (M.N.)
| | - Michael Nordvall
- Department Health & Human Performance, Marymount University, Arlington, VA 22207, USA; (A.W.); (M.N.)
| | - Maryam Namazifard
- Department of Health and Sports Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 11155-4563, Iran;
| | - Katsuhiko Suzuki
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa 359-1192, Japan
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Hayes EJ, Granic A, Hurst C, Dismore L, Sayer AA, Stevenson E. Older Adults' Knowledge and Perceptions of Whole Foods as an Exercise Recovery Strategy. Front Nutr 2021; 8:748882. [PMID: 34671632 PMCID: PMC8520979 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.748882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistance exercise is a widely advocated treatment for improving muscle strength and performance in older adults. Maximizing the benefit of resistance exercise by ensuring optimal recovery is an important aim and studies are now seeking interventions to expedite exercise recovery in older people. A recovery strategy that has acquired considerable interest is the consumption of protein, and more recently, the consumption of protein-rich whole foods. This study aimed to understand the perspectives of community-dwelling older adults, and determine their knowledge of exercise recovery strategies, their preferences for recovery strategies, and their attitudes toward using whole foods, such as milk as a post-exercise recovery aid. Two hundred ninety-one older adults (74 ± 4 years) were recruited to complete a self-administered online survey. A mixed methods approach was used to gather in-depth data from the cohort. Participants were asked to complete a combination of free-text (open-ended) and multiple-choice questions. Content analysis was conducted on responses to open-ended questions through a systematic classification process of coding. The most common recovery strategies reported were heat treatment, rest, and massage. Nutrition was rarely cited as a recovery strategy. Less than 2% of respondents mentioned nutrition, of these, only half mentioned a protein source. Forty-nine percent expressed negative opinions toward recovery supplements (e.g., “waste of money”) compared to 7% expressing positive opinions. Whole foods such as milk, meat, fish, and fruit, were deemed to be a more acceptable recovery strategy than supplements by 80% of respondents. Those that found whole foods to be equally as acceptable (18%), cited efficacy as their main concern, and those that declared whole foods less acceptable (2%) had no common reason. Despite the high acceptability of whole foods, only 35% were aware that these foods could aid recovery. When asked about milk specifically, the majority of older adults (73%) said this would, or might, be an acceptable exercise recovery strategy. Those that found milk an unacceptable recovery strategy (27%) often cited disliking milk or an allergy/intolerance. In conclusion, whilst whole foods represented an acceptable recovery intervention for older adults, the majority were unaware of the potential benefits of nutrition for post-exercise recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Jayne Hayes
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Antoneta Granic
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher Hurst
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Lorelle Dismore
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Avan A Sayer
- AGE Research Group, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust and Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Stevenson
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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