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Kalsoom A, Altaf A, Sarwar M, Maqbool T, Ashraf MAB, Sattar H, Shabbir G, Ali Q, Javed MA. GC-MS analysis, molecular docking, and apoptotic-based cytotoxic effect of Caladium lindenii Madison extracts toward the HeLa cervical cancer cell line. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18438. [PMID: 39117897 PMCID: PMC11310479 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69582-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Utilizing medicinal plants and other natural resources to prevent different types of human cancers is the prime focus of attention. Cervical cancer in women ranks as the fourth most common type of malignancy. The current study used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to identify the active phytochemical constituents from Caladium lindenii leaf extracts using ethanol (ECL) and n-hexane (HCL) solvents. Plant extracts were tested for potential cytotoxic effects on HeLa and HEK-293 T cells using the MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide) and the crystal violet assays. SYBR Green-based real-time PCR was performed to assess the mRNA expression profile of the apoptosis biomarkers (BCL-2 and TP53). The molecular interaction of the compounds with the targeted proteins (TP53, BCL2, EGFR, and HER2) was determined using molecular docking. GC-MS analysis revealed a total of 93 compounds in both extracts. The ECL extract significantly reduced the proliferation of HeLa cervical cancer cells, with an IC50 value of 40 µg/mL, while HEK-293 T cells showed less effect (IC50 = 226 µg/mL). The quantitative RT-PCR gene expression analysis demonstrated the ethanol extract regulated TP53 and BCL2 mRNA expressions in treated cancer cell samples. Heptanediamide, N,N'-di-benzoyloxy-(- 10.1) is the best-docked ligand with a TP53 target found in the molecular docking study, whereas EGFR/Clionasterol had the second highest binding affinity (- 9.7), followed by EGFR/Cycloeucalenol (- 9.6). It is concluded that ECL extract has promising anti-cervical cancer potential and might be valued for developing new plant-derived anticancer agents after further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aasia Kalsoom
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
- Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR), Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Awais Altaf
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Sarwar
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Maqbool
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Huma Sattar
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Shabbir
- Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Qurban Ali
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Arshad Javed
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
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Kalsoom A, Altaf A, Sattar H, Maqbool T, Sajjad M, Jilani MI, Shabbir G, Aftab S. Gene expression and anticancer evaluation of Kigelia africana (Lam.) Benth. Extracts using MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cell lines. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303134. [PMID: 38837975 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, a cancer research trend has shifted towards identifying novel therapeutic compounds from natural assets for the management of cancer. In this study, we aimed to assess the cytotoxic activity of Kigelia Africana (KA) extracts on breast cancer (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7) and noncancerous kidney cells (HEK-293T) to develop an efficient anticancer medication. We used gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS to analyze the constituents of EKA and HKA extracts meanwhile the crystal violet and the MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide) assays were used to examine the possible cytotoxic effects of plant extracts on our cancer cell lines along with non-cancerous control. The quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR) was run on cell samples to evaluate the differential expression of cell proliferative markers of cancer (BCL-2 and TP53). These phytochemicals have been reported to have binding affinity for some other growth factors and receptors as well which was evaluated by the in-silico molecular docking against Bcl2, EGFR, HER2, and TP53. Our Morphological observation showed a significant difference in the cell morphology and proliferation potential which was decreased under the effect of plant extracts treatment as compared to the control samples. The ethanol extract exhibited a marked antiproliferative activity towards MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cell lines with IC50 = 20 and 32 μg/mL, respectively. Quantitative RT-PCR gene expression investigation revealed that the IC50 concentration of ethanolic extract regulated the levels of mRNA expression of apoptotic genes. With the target and active binding site amino acids discovered in the molecular docking investigation, TP53/Propanoic acid, 3-(2, 3, 6-trimethyl-1, 4-dioxaspiro [4.4] non-7-yl)-, methyl ester (-7.1 kcal/mol) is the best-docked ligand. The use of this plant in folk remedies justifies its high in vitro anti-cancer capabilities. This work highlights the role of phytochemicals in the inhibition of cancer proliferation. Based on all these findings, it can be concluded that EKA extract has promising anti-proliferative effect on cancerous cells but more study is required in future to further narrow down the active ingredients of total crude extract with specific targets in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aasia Kalsoom
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMBB), Center for Research in Molecular Medicine (CRiMM), The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Awais Altaf
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMBB), Center for Research in Molecular Medicine (CRiMM), The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Huma Sattar
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMBB), Center for Research in Molecular Medicine (CRiMM), The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Maqbool
- Institute of Molecular Biology (IMBB), Center for Research in Molecular Medicine (CRiMM), The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sajjad
- School of Biological Sciences, Punjab University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Ghulam Shabbir
- Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saira Aftab
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Shahzadi Z, Yousaf Z, Anjum I, Bilal M, Yasin H, Aftab A, Booker A, Ullah R, Bari A. Network pharmacology and molecular docking: combined computational approaches to explore the antihypertensive potential of Fabaceae species. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2024; 11:53. [PMID: 38767701 PMCID: PMC11106056 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-024-00764-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a major global public health issue, affecting quarter of adults worldwide. Numerous synthetic drugs are available for treating hypertension; however, they often come with a higher risk of side effects and long-term therapy. Modern formulations with active phytoconstituents are gaining popularity, addressing some of these issues. This study aims to discover novel antihypertensive compounds in Cassia fistula, Senna alexandrina, and Cassia occidentalis from family Fabaceae and understand their interaction mechanism with hypertension targeted genes, using network pharmacology and molecular docking. Total 414 compounds were identified; initial screening was conducted based on their pharmacokinetic and ADMET properties, with a particular emphasis on adherence to Lipinski's rules. 6 compounds, namely Germichrysone, Benzeneacetic acid, Flavan-3-ol, 5,7,3',4'-Tetrahydroxy-6, 8-dimethoxyflavon, Dihydrokaempferol, and Epiafzelechin, were identified as effective agents. Most of the compounds found non-toxic against various indicators with greater bioactivity score. 161 common targets were obtained against these compounds and hypertension followed by compound-target network construction and protein-protein interaction, which showed their role in diverse biological system. Top hub genes identified were TLR4, MMP9, MAPK14, AKT1, VEGFA and HSP90AA1 with their respective associates. Higher binding affinities was found with three compounds Dihydrokaempferol, Flavan-3-ol and Germichrysone, -7.1, -9.0 and -8.0 kcal/mol, respectively. The MD simulation results validate the structural flexibility of two complexes Flavan-MMP9 and Germich-TLR4 based on no. of hydrogen bonds, root mean square deviations and interaction energies. This study concluded that C. fistula (Dihydrokaempferol, Flavan-3-ol) and C. occidentalis (Germichrysone) have potential therapeutic active constituents to treat hypertension and in future novel drug formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Shahzadi
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zubaida Yousaf
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan.
| | - Irfan Anjum
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- Centers for Applied Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hamna Yasin
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Arusa Aftab
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Anthony Booker
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, School of Life Sciences, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Westminster, 115 New Cavendish Street, London, W1W 6UW, UK.
- Research Group 'Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy', UCL School of Pharmacy, Univ. London, 29 - 39 Brunswick Sq., London, WC1N 1AX, UK.
| | - Riaz Ullah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy King, Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Bari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy King, Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Adil M, Filimban FZ, Ambrin, Quddoos A, Sher AA, Naseer M. Phytochemical screening, HPLC analysis, antimicrobial and antioxidant effect of Euphorbia parviflora L. (Euphorbiaceae Juss.). Sci Rep 2024; 14:5627. [PMID: 38454096 PMCID: PMC10920658 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55905-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Plant extracts are actively being used worldwide due to the presence of biologically active constituents helping in the preservation of food, and to aid against various diseases owing to their antimicrobial and antioxidant potential. The present research work was carried out to investigate the phytochemical constituents, antimicrobial activity, and antioxidant activity of different extracted samples of Euphorbia parviflora. Anti-microbial studies were carried out by Agar well diffusion while the DPPH method was employed for investigating anti-oxidant activity. Three samples from methanol, chloroform, and ethyl acetate extract were tested against five different bacterial strains comprising two species from Gram-negative bacteria i.e., Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis and three species from Gram-positive bacteria i.e. Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumonia along two fungal strains i.e. Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger. The results of the qualitative phytochemical analysis showed that methanolic, chloroformic, and ethylacetate extract of Euphorbia parviflora consist of alkaloids, reducing sugars, flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, and saponins. The total phenol and flavonoid content of E. parviflora showed that the methanolic extract of E. parviflora had a significantly higher total phenolic content (53.73 ± 0.30 mg of GAE/g) and flavonoid content (44.62 ± 0.38 mg of than other extracts. The content of total phenolic and flavonoids was more in methanolic extract as compared to other extracts of E. prolifera. The HPLC analysis showed that in the chloroform extract of E. parviflora Cinnamic acid (4.32 ± 2.89 mg/g) was dominant, in methanol extract quercetin (3.42 ± 2.89 mg/g) was dominant and in ethyl acetate extract of E. parviflora catechin (4.44 ± 2.89 mg/g) was found dominant. The antimicrobial activity revealed that amongst all the extracts the highest antibacterial activity was shown by methanolic extract against B. subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus as compared to the other extracts. The antioxidant activity revealed that methanolic extract of E. parviflora demonstrated higher antioxidant activity (82.42 ± 0.02) followed by chloroform extract (76.48 ± 0.08) at 150 µg/mL. The aim of this study was primarily to evaluate the potential of this plant as a reliable source of antimicrobials and antioxidants that may be used for the treatment of various infectious diseases in the future. The study provides evidence that this plant can act as a reliable source of antimicrobial and antioxidant agents and might be used against several infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Adil
- Department of Chemical and Life Sciences, Qurtuba University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan.
- Centre for Plant Sciences and Biodiversity, University of Swat, Charbagh, Pakistan.
| | - Faten Zubair Filimban
- Division of Botany, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ambrin
- Department of Chemical and Life Sciences, Qurtuba University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Atifa Quddoos
- Department of Chemical and Life Sciences, Qurtuba University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Ayaz Ali Sher
- Department of Botany, Islamia College, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naseer
- Department of Chemical and Life Sciences, Qurtuba University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan
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Shah ZM, Naz R, Naz S, Zahoor S, Nosheen A, Shahid M, Anwar Z, Keyani R. Incorporation of zinc sulfide nanoparticles, Acinetobacter pittii and Bacillus velezensis to improve tomato plant growth, biochemical attributes and resistance against Rhizoctoniasolani. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 202:107909. [PMID: 37632995 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Green nanobiotechnology and beneficial bacterial strains as biofertilizers are crucial in agriculture to achieve food security. Both these strategies have been individually studied in improving plant resistance against phytopathogens along with enhancing plant productivity. Therefore, objective of this study was to explore the eco-friendly and cost-effective approach of utilizing plant growth promoting and disease suppressing bacterial strains and nanoparticles, individually as well as in combination, as bio-stimulants to improve plant growth, antioxidant defense system, nutrition and yield of tomato. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the zinc sulfide nanoparticles (ZnS NPs) synthesized by using Jacaranda mimosifolia flower extracts (JFE), Acinetobacter pittii and Bacillus velezensis either individually or in combinations to check their potential against Rhizoctonia solani in tomato to suppress root rot infection and improve growth and yield. Among all the combinations the JFE-ZnS NPs + B. velezensis compared to untreated infected plants showed minimum disease incidence and maximum significant protection (66%) against R. solani instigated root rot that was followed by JFE-ZnS NPs + A. pittii and individual application of JFE-ZnS NPs by 58%. The same treatment showed maximum significant increase in plant fresh and dry biomass. B. velezensis significantly increased the photosynthetic pigments when applied individually. However, JFE-ZnS NPs alone and in mixed treatments with B. velezensis efficiently improved total soluble protein, sugar and phenolic contents. The same interactive application of JFE-ZnS NPs + B. velezensis improved the tomato plant nutrition (silicon (Si), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca) and potassium (K)) and redox quenching status by improving the activity of antioxidant defense enzymes. Overall, the interactive use of JFE-ZnS NPs with A. pittii and B. velezensis very appropriately prepared the host plant to fight against the negative effects of root rot pathogen in tomato. Advancements in interactively investigating the nanoparticles with beneficial plant growth promoting bacterial strains importantly can contribute in resolving the challenges of food security. According to our information, this is a pioneer report for implying JFE-ZnS NPs in synergism with A. pittii and B. velezensis to hinder the root rot in tomatoes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rabia Naz
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Sidra Naz
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sidra Zahoor
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Asia Nosheen
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Pakistan
| | - Zahid Anwar
- Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Pakistan
| | - Rumana Keyani
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan
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Kiran A, Altaf A, Sarwar M, Malik A, Maqbool T, Ali Q. Phytochemical profiling and cytotoxic potential of Arnebia nobilis root extracts against hepatocellular carcinoma using in-vitro and in-silico approaches. Sci Rep 2023; 13:11376. [PMID: 37452082 PMCID: PMC10349071 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-38517-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma is the fifth most prevalent cancer worldwide. The emergence of drug resistance and other adverse effects in available anticancer options are challenging to explore natural sources. The current study was designed to decipher the Arnebia nobilis (A. nobilis) extracts for detecting phytochemicals, in-vitro evaluation of antioxidative and cytotoxic potentials, and in-silico prediction of potent anticancer compounds. The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, phenols, tannins, alkaloids, quinones, and cardiac glycosides, in the ethanol (ANE) and n-hexane (ANH) extracts of A. nobilis. ANH extract exhibited a better antioxidant potential to scavenge DPPH, nitric oxide and superoxide anion radicals than ANE extract, which showed better potential only against H2O2 radicals. In 24 h treatment, ANH extract revealed higher cytotoxicity (IC50 value: 22.77 µg/mL) than ANH extract (IC50 value: 46.74 µg/mL) on cancer (HepG2) cells without intoxicating the normal (BHK) cells using MTT assay. A better apoptotic potential was observed in ANH extract (49.10%) compared to ANE extract (41.35%) on HepG2 cells using the annexin V/PI method. GCMS analysis of ANH extract identified 35 phytocompounds, from which only 14 bioactive compounds were selected for molecular docking based on druggability criteria and toxicity filters. Among the five top scorers, deoxyshikonin exhibited the best binding affinities of - 7.2, - 9.2, - 7.2 and - 9.2 kcal/mol against TNF-α, TGF-βR1, Bcl-2 and iNOS, respectively, followed by ethyl cholate and 2-Methyl-6-(4-methylphenyl)hept-2-en-4-one along with their desirable ADMET properties. The phytochemicals of ANH extract could be used as a promising drug candidate for liver cancer after further validations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asia Kiran
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, 54300, Pakistan
| | - Awais Altaf
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, 54300, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Sarwar
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, 54300, Pakistan
| | - Arif Malik
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, 54300, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Maqbool
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, 54300, Pakistan
| | - Qurban Ali
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
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Shoukry SM, El-Hawiet A, El–Mezayen NS, Ghazy NM, Ibrahim RS. Unraveling putative antiulcer phytoconstituents against Helicobacter pylori urease and human H+/K+-ATPase from Jacaranda mimosifolia using UPLC-MS/MS coupled to chemometrics and molecular docking. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
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Wen F, Li P, Zhang Y, Zhong H, Yan H, Su W. Preparation, characterization of green tea carbon quantum dots/curcumin antioxidant and antibacterial nanocomposites. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.134247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Phytochemical Investigation and Therapeutical Potential of Cotinus coggygria Scop. in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8802178. [PMID: 36624877 PMCID: PMC9825219 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8802178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Plants are a significant source for the development of new phytomedicines due to their great clinical benefits, efficiency, cost-effectiveness, fewer side effects, and more affordable therapies. Numerous plants used in traditional treatments, such as Cotinus coggygria Scop., have been effective in the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM). Therefore, the study is aimed at assessing the phytochemical, antioxidant, and antidiabetic properties of C. coggygria. The hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activity was evaluated in Swiss male Albino mice by administering an oral dose of 150-250 mg/kg of C. coggygria extracts in alloxan-induced diabetic mice for 15 days. The antioxidant activity and phytochemical composition of the extracts were assessed by using α, α diphenyl-β-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assays and through standard chemical procedures. The effects of extracts on blood glucose, body weight, lipid profile, and biochemical parameters like total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipids (LDL), high-density lipids (HDL), plasma insulin, liver glycogen, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), urea, and creatinine were determined according to standard procedures. The activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide-dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) were also analyzed spectrophotometrically. The hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects with chloroform extracts of 250 mg/kg were found significant in the treatment of diabetes in alloxanised mice compared to the diabetic group. The haematological parameters such as TC, TG, HDL, LDL, creatinine, urea, AST, ALT, and ALP were significantly improved (p < 0.01) by the chloroform extract of 250 mg/kg compared to the diabetic group. Treatment for 15 days showed significant elevation (p < 0.01) of antioxidant enzymes. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopic (FTIR) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), column chromatography (CC), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses tentatively identified different phytoconstitutents and metabolites in C. coggygria leaves, which have been reported to possess antihyperglycemic properties. In conclusion, the chloroform extract of 250 mg/kg of C. coggygria possesses significant hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic potential which may prove the claimed use of the plant in amelioration of diabetes and associated complications in folkloric medicine. Additional studies are required for the purification, characterization, and structural elucidation of bioactive compounds.
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Di Lecce R, Mérindol N, Pérez MG, Karimzadegan V, Berthoux L, Boari A, Zidorn C, Vurro M, Surico G, Desgagné-Penix I, Evidente A. Biochemical Analyses of Bioactive Extracts from Plants Native to Lampedusa, Sicily Minor Island. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3447. [PMID: 36559555 PMCID: PMC9788634 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Major threats to the human lifespan include cancer, infectious diseases, diabetes, mental degenerative conditions and also reduced agricultural productivity due to climate changes, together with new and more devastating plant diseases. From all of this, the need arises to find new biopesticides and new medicines. Plants and microorganisms are the most important sources for isolating new metabolites. Lampedusa Island host a rich contingent of endemic species and subspecies. Seven plant species spontaneously growing in Lampedusa, i.e., Atriplex halimus L. (Ap), Daucus lopadusanus Tineo (Dl), Echinops spinosus Fiori (Es) Glaucium flavum Crantz (Gf) Hypericum aegypticum L: (Ha), Periploca angustifolia Labill (Pa), and Prasium majus L. (Pm) were collected, assessed for their metabolite content, and evaluated for potential applications in agriculture and medicine. The HPLC-MS analysis of n-hexane (HE) and CH2Cl2 (MC) extracts and the residual aqueous phases (WR) showed the presence of several metabolites in both organic extracts. Crude HE and MC extracts from Dl and He significantly inhibited butyrylcholinesterase, as did WR from the extraction of Dl and Pa. HE and MC extracts showed a significant toxicity towards hepatocarcinoma Huh7, while Dl, Ha and Er HE extracts were the most potently cytotoxic to ileocecal colorectal adenocarcinoma HCT-8 cell lines. Most extracts showed antiviral activity. At the lowest concentration tested (1.56 μg/mL), Dl, Gf and Ap MC extracts inhibited betacoronavirus HCoV-OC43 infection by> 2 fold, while the n-hexane extract of Pm was the most potent. In addition, at 1.56 μg/mL, potent inhibition (>10 fold) of dengue virus was detected for Dl, Er, and Pm HE extracts, while Pa and Ap MC extracts dampened infections to undetectable levels. Regarding to phytotoxicity, MC extracts from Er, Ap and Pm were more effective in inhibiting tomato rootlet elongation; the same first two extracts also inhibited seed cress germination while its radicle elongation, due to high sensitivity, was affected by all the extracts. Es and Gf MC extracts also inhibited seed germination of Phelipanche ramosa. Thus, we have uncovered that many of these Lampedusa plants displayed promising biopesticide, antiviral, and biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Di Lecce
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Natacha Mérindol
- Département de Chimie, Biochimie et Physique, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada
| | - Mayra Galarza Pérez
- Pharmazeutisches Institut, Abteilung Pharmazeutische Biologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Gutenbergstraße 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Vahid Karimzadegan
- Département de Chimie, Biochimie et Physique, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada
| | - Lionel Berthoux
- Département de Biologie Médicale, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada
| | - Angela Boari
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Via Amendola 122/O, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Christian Zidorn
- Pharmazeutisches Institut, Abteilung Pharmazeutische Biologie, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Gutenbergstraße 76, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Maurizio Vurro
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Via Amendola 122/O, 70125 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Surico
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment, and Forestry (DAGRI), Section of Agricultural Microbiology, Plant Pathology and Enthomology, University of Florence, 50121 Firenze, Italy
| | - Isabel Desgagné-Penix
- Département de Chimie, Biochimie et Physique, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada
| | - Antonio Evidente
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo, 80126 Napoli, Italy
- Institute of Sciences of Food Production, National Research Council, Via Amendola 122/O, 70125 Bari, Italy
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Jamil S, Dastagir G, Foudah AI, Alqarni MH, Yusufoglu HS, Alkreathy HM, Ertürk Ö, Shah MAR, Khan RA. Carduus edelbergii Rech. f. Mediated Fabrication of Gold Nanoparticles; Characterization and Evaluation of Antimicrobial, Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Potency of the Synthesized AuNPs. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27196669. [PMID: 36235206 PMCID: PMC9572856 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27196669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Due to the high expense, less effectiveness and more side effects of available synthetic medicine, the researchers and communities are focusing on phyto-based natural bioactive compounds, which are considered safer for the treatment of syndromes and chronic diseases. Aim: The current project was aimed to determine the phytochemicals constituents available in the aerial parts of methanol extract of Carduus edelbergii via GC-MS, fabrication of AuNPs mediated with the mentioned extract; characterization and evaluation of antimicrobial, antioxidant and antidiabetic potency of the synthesized AuNPs. Methods: Confirmation of green synthesis of AuNPs, functional groups responsible for the reduction in Au+, size and crystallinity, morphology and quantity of gold (Au) were carried out by Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and dispersive X-ray (EDX), respectively, whereas in vitro antioxidant characteristics were assessed by DPPH and ABTS assays. Wistar albino rats were used to test the anti-diabetic properties of the methanol extract and AuNPs. Results: GC-MS revealed that the diluted methanol extract of Carduus edelbergii consists of about 19 chemical constituents. Among the identified compounds, the 13-Docosenoic acid, methyl ester, (Z)—has the highest concentration (38.16%), followed by 9-Octadecenoic acid, methyl ester, (E)—(15.72%) and n-Hexadecanoic acid (15.07%). Methanol extract and its fabricated nanoparticles showed significant antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. In vivo antidiabetic study revealed a noteworthy (p < 0.05) decline in body weight and HDL and elevated concentration of blood glucose, bilirubin, creatinine, urea, triglyceride, VLDL, LDL, ALP, ALT and AST in diabetic control. The said changes were recovered significantly (p < 0.05) by treatment of diabetic rats with methanol extract (150 and 300 mg/Kg BW) and AuNPs of Carduus edelbergii (5 and 10 mg/Kg BW). Conclusion: The green synthesized AuNPs exhibit significant antioxidant, antimicrobial and antidiabetic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Jamil
- Department of Botany, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Dastagir
- Department of Botany, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed Ibrahim Foudah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Hamed Alqarni
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hasan Soliman Yusufoglu
- Department of Pharmacognosy & Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Dentistry & Pharmacy, Buraydah Private Colleges, Buraydah 81418, Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda Mohammed Alkreathy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ömer Ertürk
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Ordu University, Ordu 52200, Turkey
| | - Muhammad Abdur Rehman Shah
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology Bannu, Bannu 28100, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Rahmat Ali Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology Bannu, Bannu 28100, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
- Correspondence:
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Atanu FO, Ikeojukwu A, Owolabi PA, Avwioroko OJ. Evaluation of chemical composition, in vitro antioxidant, and antidiabetic activities of solvent extracts of Irvingia gabonensis leaves. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09922. [PMID: 35847614 PMCID: PMC9283886 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Irvingia gabonensis commonly referred to as wild mango or ogbono is a tropical plant with both nutritional and medicinal uses. The present study was designed to evaluate the chemical composition, in vitro antioxidant activity, and inhibitory activity of carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes related to diabetes by different extracts of the plant. From the results of the study, Total Phenolic Content (TPC) was highest in the aqueous and ethanol extracts (367.30 ± 00 mg/100g GAE) compared to the chloroform and n-hexane extracts whereas the Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) was highest (230.69 ± 0.18 mg/100g QE) in the ethanol extract. Analysis of the in vitro antioxidant activity showed that the ethanol extract also possessed the highest 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity (IC50: 21.42 ± 0.05 μg/ml) and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (81.43 ± 0.11%) compared to other solvent extracts. The aqueous extract had the highest (23.91 ± 0.04 mM Fe++ equivalent) ferric antioxidant reducing power (FRAP). However, the antioxidant activity of the extracts was significantly lower than that of the reference compounds used for the study (butylated hydroxytoluene and Gallic acid). In vitro antidiabetic activity of the extracts was measured based on inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase. The aqueous extract had the highest α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity followed by the ethanol extract compared to the chloroform and n-hexane extracts. The inhibitory activity of the aqueous extract against both enzymes was higher compared to the reference compound Acarbose. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry analysis of the extracts revealed the presence of chemical constituents including fatty acids, vitamin, phytosterols, aromatic compounds, glycosides. The interaction of these compounds with α-amylase and α-glucosidase was evaluated in silico by molecular docking. Phytosterols namely, campesterol, stimasterol and γ-sitosterol had the best binding affinities to α-amylase and α-glucosidase. In conclusion, the results of this study revealed that the aqueous and ethanol extracts of Irvingia gabonensis had the highest phenolic content, antioxidant activity, and in vitro antidiabetic activity. These results offer a scientific explanation for the mode of preparation and traditional use of the plant in the treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis O Atanu
- Department of Biochemistry, Kogi State University, P.M.B. 1008, Anyigba, Nigeria.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Arinzechukwu Ikeojukwu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Peter A Owolabi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - Oghenetega J Avwioroko
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria
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Hemalatha J, Jonathan DR, Shirmila DA, Priya MK, Laavanya K, Usha G. Structural and biological characterization of a biomolecule: (3E)-3-(2, 4, 5-trimethoxyphenyl) methylidene) - 2, 3-dihydro-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2021.1994572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Hemalatha
- PG and Research Department of Physics, Queen Mary’s College, Chennai, India
| | | | | | - M. Krishna Priya
- PG and Research Department of Physics, Queen Mary’s College, Chennai, India
| | - K. Laavanya
- PG and Research Department of Physics, Queen Mary’s College, Chennai, India
| | - G. Usha
- PG and Research Department of Physics, Queen Mary’s College, Chennai, India
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Bano N, Siddiqui S, Amir M, Zia Q, Banawas S, Iqbal D, Roohi. Bioprospecting of the novel isolate Microbacterium proteolyticum LA2(R) from the rhizosphere of Rauwolfia serpentina. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:1858-1868. [PMID: 35280579 PMCID: PMC8913384 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to assess the proficiency of secondary metabolites (SMs) synthesized by actinobacteria isolated from the rhizospheric soil of Rauwolfia serpentina for its antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity. After morphological and biochemical identification of actinobacteria, primary and secondary screening was done for specific metabolite production. The secondary metabolites were then tested for their antioxidant, antibacterial, and antibiofilm potential. Out of 29 bacterial colonies isolated, only one emerged as a novel isolate, Microbacterium LA2(R). Partial 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate LA2(R) was deposited in NCBI GenBank with accession number MN560041. The highest antioxidant capacity of the methanolic extract the novel isolate was found to be 474.183 µL AAE/mL and 319.037 µL AAE/mL by DPPH assay and ABTS assay respectively; three folds higher than the control. These results were further supported by the high total phenolic (194.95 gallic acid equivalents/mL) and flavonoid contents (332.79 µL quercetin equivalents/mL) of the methanolic extract. GC–MS analysis revealed the abundance of antibacterial compounds; where, n-Hexadecanoic acid was found to be the major compound present with a peak of 14 min retention time (RT) and 95% similarity index. MIC value of the metabolite was noted to be around 132.28 ± 84.48 μg/mL. The IC50 value was found to be 74.37, 71.33, 66.28 and 84.48 μg/mL against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Salmonella abony, respectively. Treatment with IC50 of the extract decreased the biofilm formation up to 70%–80% against pathogenic strains viz. Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella abony. These significant activities of Microbacterium sp. LA2(R) suggests that it could be utilized for antibiotic production for human welfare and in various important industrial applications.
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Upadhyaya C, Upadhyaya T, Patel I. Attributes of non-ionizing radiation of 1800 MHz frequency on plant health and antioxidant content of Tomato (Solanum Lycopersicum) plants. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrras.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ali A, Nisar M, Shah SWA, Khalil AAK, Zahoor M, Nazir N, Shah SA, Nasr FA, Noman OM, Mothana RA, Ahmad S, Farooqi HMU. Anatomical Characterization, HPLC Analysis, and Biological Activities of Ilex dipyrena. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:617. [PMID: 35270086 PMCID: PMC8912459 DOI: 10.3390/plants11050617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Ilex dipyrena Wall (Aquifoliaceae), is a traditional medicinal plant abundantly found in India and Pakistan. In the current research work, initially, the anatomical characteristics were recorded through microscopic examination of selected plant parts, such as leaf, petiole, and midrib. Then, the quantitative phytochemical screening was performed using standard tests reported in literature. The whole-plant powdered sample was then soaked in methanol to obtain crude extract, which was then fractionated into solvents of different polarities to obtain ethyl acetate, chloroform, butanol, hexane, and aqueous extracts. The phytochemical composition of the crude ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts (being the most active fractions) was then confirmed through HPLC analyses, where the possible phytochemical present were predicted through comparison of retention time of a given compound peak with the available standards. The extracts were also evaluated for their in vitro antioxidant and ani-lipoxygenase potentials using standard methods. The microscopic examination revealed the presence of anomocytic type stomata on the abaxial side of the leaf as well as unicellular trichrome and calcium oxalate druses crystals in the midrib and petiole, with a single, centered U-shaped collateral arterial bundle, which was directed toward the adaxial and the phloem toward the abaxial sides of the selected plant parts, respectively. Almost all tested representative groups of phytochemicals and essential minerals were detected in the selected plant, whereas five possible phytochemicals were confirmed in crude and chloroform extract and seven in ethyl acetate fraction. As antioxidant, chloroform fraction was more potent, which exhibited an IC50 value of 64.99, 69.15, and 268.52 µg/mL, determined through DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. Ethyl acetate extract was also equally potent against the tested free radicals. Chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts were also potent against lipoxygenase, with IC50 value of 75.99 and 106.11 µg/mL, respectively. Based on the results of biological studies, Ilex dipyrena was found to good inhibitor of free radicals and lipoxygenase that could be further investigated to isolate compounds of medicinal importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Ali
- Department of Botany, University of Malakand, Dir (Lower), Chakdara 18800, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan;
| | - Mohammad Nisar
- Department of Botany, University of Malakand, Dir (Lower), Chakdara 18800, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan;
| | - Syed Wadood Ali Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Dir (Lower), Chakdara 18800, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan;
| | - Atif Ali Khan Khalil
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi 46000, Punjab, Pakistan; (A.A.K.K.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Muhammad Zahoor
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Malakand, Dir (Lower), Chakdara 18800, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan; (M.Z.); (N.N.)
| | - Nausheen Nazir
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Malakand, Dir (Lower), Chakdara 18800, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan; (M.Z.); (N.N.)
| | - Sayed Afzal Shah
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi 46000, Punjab, Pakistan; (A.A.K.K.); (S.A.S.)
| | - Fahd A. Nasr
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.N.); (O.M.N.); (R.A.M.)
| | - Omar M. Noman
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.N.); (O.M.N.); (R.A.M.)
| | - Ramzi A. Mothana
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.N.); (O.M.N.); (R.A.M.)
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, Sarhad University of Information Technology, Peshawar 25000, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan;
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Khan SU, Ullah F, Mehmood S, Fahad S, Ahmad Rahi A, Althobaiti F, Dessoky ES, Saud S, Danish S, Datta R. Antimicrobial, antioxidant and cytotoxic properties of Chenopodium glaucum L. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255502. [PMID: 34714855 PMCID: PMC8555819 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated phytochemical composition, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-oxidant and cytotoxic properties of aqueous (water) and organic extracts (methanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane) of Chenopodium glaucum. Highest phenolic content 45 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g d.w was found in aqueous extract followed by ethyl acetate (41mg GAE/g d.w) and methanol extract (34.46 mg GAE/g d.w). Antibacterial potential of aqueous and organic extracts of C. glaucum was examined against Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis. The aqueous, methanolic, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane extract showed antibacterial activity against A. baumannii, K. pneumoniae, E. coli and S. epidermidis. However, against A. baumannii significantly higher inhibition zone (19 mm and 18.96 mm respectively) was shown by ethyl acetate and methanol extracts. Aqueous extract possessed highest growth inhibition (11 mm) against E. coli. Aqueous, ethyl acetate and methanol extracts showed 9 mm, 10 mm, and 10.33 mm zone of inhibition against the K. pneumoniae. For antifungal activity, the extracts were less effective against Aspergillus niger but showed strong antifungal activity against Aspergillus flavus (A. flavus). The antioxidant activity was measured as DPPH (2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), H2O2 and ABTS (2, 2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) scavenging activity of free radicals. All the organic extracts of C. glaucum possessed ABTS, DPPH and H2O2 scavenging properties. The highest cytotoxic activity measured as half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) against human lungs carcinoma cells was recorded for methanolic (IC50 = 16 μg/mL) and n-hexane (IC50 = 25 μg/mL) extracts, respectively. The Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis showed 4 major and 26 minor compounds in n-hexane extract and 4 major and 7 minor compounds in methanol extract of the C. glaucum. It is concluded that aqueous and organic extracts of C. glaucum would be potential therapeutic agents and could be exploited on a pilot scale to treat human pathogenic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safi Ullah Khan
- Department of Botany, University of Science and Technology Bannu, Bannu, KP, Pakistan
| | - Faizan Ullah
- Department of Botany, University of Science and Technology Bannu, Bannu, KP, Pakistan
| | - Sultan Mehmood
- Department of Botany, University of Science and Technology Bannu, Bannu, KP, Pakistan
| | - Shah Fahad
- Hainan Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Tropical Bioresource, College of Tropical Crops, Hainan University, Haikou Hainan, China
- Department of Agronomy, The University of Haripur, Haripur, Pakistan
| | - Arsalan Ahmad Rahi
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Fayez Althobaiti
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Shah Saud
- Department of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Subhan Danish
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Rahul Datta
- Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Department of Geology and Pedology, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
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Joshi BC, Juyal V, Sah AN, Verma P, Mukhija M. Review On Documented Medicinal Plants Used For The Treatment Of Cancer. CURRENT TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/2215083807666211011125110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background:
Cancer is a frightful disease and it is the second leading cause of death worldwide. Naturally derived compounds are gaining interest of research workers as they have less toxic side effects as compared to currently used treatments such as chemotherapy. Plants are the pool of chemical compounds which provides a promising future for research on cancer.
Objective:
This review paper provides updated information gathered on medicinal plants and isolated phytoconstituents used as anticancer agents and summarises the plant extracts and their isolated chemical constituents exhibiting anticancer potential on clinical trials.
Methods:
An extensive bibliographic investigation was carried out by analysing worldwide established scientific databases like SCOPUS, PUBMED, SCIELO, ScienceDirect, Springerlink, Web of Science, Wiley, SciFinder and Google Scholar etc. In next few decades, herbal medicine may become a new epoch of medical system.
Results:
Many researches are going on medicinal plants for the treatment of cancer but it is a time to increase further experimental studies on plant extracts and their chemical constituents to find out their mechanism of action at molecular level.
Conclusion:
The article may help many researchers to start off further experimentation that might lead to the drugs for the cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuwan Chandra Joshi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Kumaun University, Bhimtal Campus, Nainital-263136, India
| | - Vijay Juyal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Kumaun University, Bhimtal Campus, Nainital-263136, India
| | - Archana N. Sah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Technology, Kumaun University, Bhimtal Campus, Nainital-263136, India
| | - Piyush Verma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical science and Technology, Sardar Bhagwan Singh University, Dehradun-248001, India
| | - Minky Mukhija
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ch. Devi Lal College of Pharmacy, Buria Road, Bhagwangarh, Jagadhri-135003, India
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Bioclimatic Suitability of Actual and Potential Cultivation Areas for Jacaranda mimosifolia in Chinese Cities. FORESTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/f12070951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Jacaranda mimosifolia is regarded as a prized ornamental tree in the urban landscape with attractive, abundant and long-lasting violet-colored flowers and graceful tree form. It has been widely cultivated in recent years in many Chinese cities. However, the lack of scientific and practical guidance to cultivate the exotic species has brought about planting failures in some areas, incurring substantial economic losses and landscape decline. A comprehensive understanding of the current spatial pattern and climatic conditions of J. mimosifolia in China can inform species choice, planting and management. We collected data on the geographical coordinates of 257 planting cities and acquired additional information from the literature and field surveys. The limiting factors for cultivation were investigated using principal component analysis (PCA) of 19 bioclimatic parameters of the sampled sites. The potentially suitable habitats were predicted by BIOCLIM modeling using eight selected ecological-important climatic parameters. We found that the present cultivated areas were focused in the low-altitude parts of the subtropical zone, mainly covering the provinces of Yunnan, Sichuan, Guangxi, Guangdong and Fujian. The PCA results indicated that temperature was the clinching determinant of the current cultivation patterns, especially annual mean temperature, the minimum temperature of the coldest month and the mean temperature of the warmest quarter. Moisture was a necessary but not critical secondary factor. The predicting model for potential habitats was graded as “excellent” by objective validation measures. The findings can provide science-based evidence to plan the expansion of the biogeographical range of cultivation into hitherto unplanted cities and rationalize urban tree introduction and management practices.
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Majeed M, Pirzadah TB, Mir MA, Hakeem KR, Alharby HF, Alsamadany H, Bamagoos AA, Rehman RU. Comparative Study on Phytochemical Profile and Antioxidant Activity of an Epiphyte, Viscum album L. (White Berry Mistletoe), Derived from Different Host Trees. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10061191. [PMID: 34208051 PMCID: PMC8230609 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed at evaluating the antioxidant profile of a medicinal epiphyte Viscum album L. harvested from three tree species, namely, Populus ciliata L, Ulmus villosa L., and Juglans regia L. The crude extracts were obtained with ethanol, methanol, and water and were evaluated for the total phenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activities using total reducing power (TRP), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 1, 1-diphenyl 1-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide radical scavenging (SOR), and hydroxyl radical scavenging (•OH) assays. Our results showed that crude leaf extracts of plants harvested from the host Juglans regia L. exhibited higher yields of phytochemical constituents and noticeable antioxidative properties. The ethanolic leaf samples reported the highest phenols (13.46 ± 0.87 mg/g), flavonoids (2.38 ± 0.04 mg/g), FRAP (500.63 ± 12.58 μM Fe II/g DW), and DPPH (87.26% ± 0.30 mg/mL). Moreover, the highest values for TRP (4.24 ± 0.26 μg/mL), SOR (89.79% ± 0.73 mg/mL), and OH (67.16% ± 1.15 mg/mL) were obtained from aqueous leaf extracts. Further, Pearson correlation was used for quantifying the relationship between TPC, TFC, and antioxidant (FRAP, DPPH, SOR, OH) activities in Viscum album L. compared to their hosts. It was revealed that the epiphyte showed variation with the type of host plant and extracting solvent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahak Majeed
- Department of Bioresources, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal 190006, India; (M.M.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Tanveer Bilal Pirzadah
- University Centre for Research and Development (UCRD), Chandigarh University, Punjab 140413, India;
| | - Manzoor Ahmad Mir
- Department of Bioresources, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal 190006, India; (M.M.); (M.A.M.)
| | - Khalid Rehman Hakeem
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (H.F.A.); (H.A.); (A.A.B.)
- Correspondence: (K.R.H.); (R.U.R.)
| | - Hesham F. Alharby
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (H.F.A.); (H.A.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Hameed Alsamadany
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (H.F.A.); (H.A.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Atif A. Bamagoos
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (H.F.A.); (H.A.); (A.A.B.)
| | - Reiaz Ul Rehman
- Department of Bioresources, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal 190006, India; (M.M.); (M.A.M.)
- Correspondence: (K.R.H.); (R.U.R.)
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21
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Wang M, Zhang L, Wang Z. Chromosomal-Level Reference Genome of the Neotropical Tree Jacaranda mimosifolia D. Don. Genome Biol Evol 2021; 13:evab094. [PMID: 33944940 PMCID: PMC8214407 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evab094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Jacaranda mimosifolia D. Don is a deciduous tree widely cultivated in the tropics and subtropics of the world. It is famous for its beautiful blue flowers and pinnate compound leaves. In addition, this tree has great potential in environmental monitoring, soil quality improvement, and medicinal applications. However, a genome resource for J. mimosifolia has not been reported to date. In this study, we constructed a chromosome-level genome assembly of J. mimosifolia using PacBio sequencing, Illumina sequencing, and Hi-C technology. The final genome assembly was ∼707.32 Mb in size, 688.76 Mb (97.36%) of which could be grouped into 18 pseudochromosomes, with contig and scaffold N50 values of 16.77 and 39.98 Mb, respectively. A total of 30,507 protein-coding genes were predicted, 95.17% of which could be functionally annotated. Phylogenetic analysis among 12 plant species confirmed the close genetic relationship between J. mimosifolia and Handroanthus impetiginosus. Gene family clustering revealed 481 unique, 103 significantly expanded, and 16 significantly contracted gene families in the J. mimosifolia genome. This chromosome-level genome assembly of J. mimosifolia will provide a valuable genomic resource for elucidating the genetic bases of the morphological characteristics, adaption evolution, and active compounds biosynthesis of J. mimosifolia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Protection of Agro-pastoral Ecotones in the Yellow River Basin, National Ethnic Affairs Commission of the People’s Republic of China, College of Biological Science & Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Institute for Advanced Study, Chengdu University, China
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Farnesane-Type Sesquiterpenoids with Antibiotic Activity from Chiliadenus lopadusanus. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10020148. [PMID: 33540688 PMCID: PMC7913021 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10020148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chiliadenus lopadusanus Brullo is an Asteraceae plant species endemic to Lampedusa island, the largest island of the Pelage archipelago, Italy. The organic extract of its whole aerial parts, showing antibiotic activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Acinetobacter baumannii, wasfractionated employing bioguided purification procedures affording three main farnesane-type sesquiterpenoids. They were identified by spectroscopic methods (NMR and ESIMS data) as the (E)-3,7,11-trimethyldodeca-1,6,10-triene-3,9-diol, (E)-10-hydroxy-2,6,10-trimethyldodeca-2,6,11- trien-4-one and (E)-10-hydroxy-2,6,10-trimethyl-dodeca-6,11-dien-4-one, commonly named 9-hydroxynerolidol, 9-oxonerolidol, and chiliadenol B, respectively. These three sesquiterpenes, isolated for the first time from C. lopadusanus, were tested on methicillin-resistant S. aureus and A. baumannii showing antibacterial and antibiofilm activities. This plant could be used as a source to isolate secondary metabolites as potential new antibiotics.
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Induction of defense-related enzymes and enhanced disease resistance in maize against Fusarium verticillioides by seed treatment with Jacaranda mimosifolia formulations. Sci Rep 2021; 11:59. [PMID: 33420158 PMCID: PMC7794358 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79306-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fusarium verticillioides is an important fungal pathogen of maize, causing stalk rot and severely affecting crop production. The aim of this study was to characterize the protective effects of formulations based on Jacaranda mimosifolia leaf extracts against F. verticillioides in maize. We compared different seed treatments comprising J. mimosifolia extracts, chemical fungicide (mefenoxam) and salicylic acid to modulate the defense system of maize host plants. Both aqueous and methanolic leaf extracts of J. mimosifolia (1.2% w/v) resulted in 96-97% inhibition of mycelial growth of F. verticillioides. While a full-dose (1.2%) extract of J. mimosifolia provided significant protective effects on maize plants compared to the inoculated control, a half-dose (0.6% w/v) application of J. mimosifolia in combination with half-strength mefenoxam was the most effective treatment in reducing stalk rot disease in pot and field experiments. The same seed treatment significantly upregulated the expression of genes in the leaves encoding chitinase, glucanase, lipid transfer protein, and pathogenesis-related proteins PR-1, PR-5 and PR-10, 72 h after inoculation. This treatment also induced the activities of peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, protease, acid invertase, chitinase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase. We conclude that seed pre-treatment with J. mimosifolia extract with half-strength chemical mefenoxam is a promising approach for the management of stalk rot in maize.
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