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Guo Y, Hu M, Peng H, Zhang Y, Kuang R, Han Z, Wang D, Liao Y, Ma R, Xu Z, Sun J, Shen Y, Zhao C, Ma H, Liu D, Zhao S, Zhao Y. Epigenomic features associated with body temperature stabilize tissues during cold exposure in cold-resistant pigs. J Genet Genomics 2024:S1673-8527(24)00159-0. [PMID: 38969257 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2024.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Cold stress in low-temperature environments can trigger changes in gene expression, but epigenomics regulation of temperature stability in vital tissues, including the fat and diencephalon, is still unclear. Here, we explore the cold-induced changes in epigenomic features in the diencephalon and fat tissues of two cold-resistant Chinese pig breeds, Min and Enshi black (ES) pigs, utilizing H3K27ac CUT&Tag, RNA-seq, and selective signature analysis. Our results show significant alterations in H3K27ac modifications in the diencephalon of Min pigs and the fat of ES pigs after cold exposure. Dramatic changes in H3K27ac modifications in Min pigs are primarily associated with genes involved in energy metabolism and hormone regulation, whereas those in ES pigs are primarily associated with immunity-related genes. Moreover, transcription factors PRDM1 and HSF1, which show evidence of selection, are enriched in genomic regions presenting cold-responsive alterations in H3K27ac modification in the Min pig diencephalon and ES pig fat, respectively. Our results indicate the diversity of epigenomic response mechanisms to cold exposure between Min and ES pigs, providing unique epigenetic resources for studies of low-temperature adaptation in large mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Guo
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Mingyang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China; Yazhouwan National Laboratory, 572000, Sanya, China
| | - Hao Peng
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Renzhuo Kuang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Zheyu Han
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Daoyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Yinlong Liao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China; Yazhouwan National Laboratory, 572000, Sanya, China
| | - Ruixian Ma
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Zhixiang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Jiahao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Shen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China
| | - Changzhi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China; Yazhouwan National Laboratory, 572000, Sanya, China
| | - Hong Ma
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 150086 Harbin, China.
| | - Di Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 150086 Harbin, China.
| | - Shuhong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China; Yazhouwan National Laboratory, 572000, Sanya, China; The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yunxia Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding, and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education and Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, 430070 Wuhan, China; Yazhouwan National Laboratory, 572000, Sanya, China.
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Du J, Shao J, Li S, Zhu T, Song H, Lei C, Zhang M, Cen Y. Integrated transcriptomic and proteomic analyses reveal the mechanism of easy acceptance of artificial pelleted diets during food habit domestication in Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Sci Rep 2023; 13:18461. [PMID: 37891233 PMCID: PMC10611700 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45645-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Acceptance of artificial pelleted diets contributes to increasing the cultured areas and output of carnivorous fish. However, the mechanism of acceptance of artificial pelleted diets remains largely unknown. In this study, the easy acceptance of artificial pelleted diets (EAD) group and the not easy acceptance of artificial pelleted diets (NAD) group of Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) were divided based on the ratios of stomach weight/body weight (SB) after 0.5 h feeding, which was bigger than 18% in the EAD group and ranged from 8 to 12% in the NAD group. Through transcriptome and proteome sequencing, a total of 2463 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 230 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified, respectively. Integrated analyses of transcriptome and proteome data revealed that 152 DEPs were matched with the corresponding DEGs (named co-DEGs-DEPs), and 54 co-DEGs-DEPs were enriched in 16 KEGG pathways, including the metabolic pathways, steroid biosynthesis, fatty acid biosynthesis, etc. Furthermore, 3 terpenoid backbone biosynthesis-related genes (Hmgcr, Hmgcs, and Fdps) in metabolic pathways, 10 steroid biosynthesis-related genes (Fdft1, Sqle, Lss, Cyp51a1, Tm7sf2, Nsdhl, Hsd17b7, Dhcr24, Sc5d, and Dhcr7), and 3 fatty acid biosynthesis-related genes (Acaca, Fasn, and Ascl) were all up-regulated in the EAD group, suggesting that the lipid metabolism pathway and steroid biosynthesis pathway play important roles in early food habit domestication in Largemouth bass. In addition, the detection results of randomly selected 15 DEGs and 15 DEPs indicated that both transcriptome and proteome results in the study were reliable. Our study provides useful information for further research on the mechanisms of food habit domestication in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxing Du
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, China Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Jiaqi Shao
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, China Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Shengjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, China Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China.
| | - Tao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, China Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Hongmei Song
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, China Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Caixia Lei
- Key Laboratory of Tropical and Subtropical Fishery Resource Application and Cultivation, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, China Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Guangzhou, 510380, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China
| | - Yingkun Cen
- Jiyurunda Fishery Technology Co., Ltd, Foshan, 528203, China
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Zhang D, Ma S, Wang L, Ma H, Wang W, Xia J, Liu D. Min pig skeletal muscle response to cold stress. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274184. [PMID: 36155652 PMCID: PMC9512212 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The increased sensitivity of pigs to ambient temperature is due to today’s intensive farming. Frequent climate disasters increase the pressure on healthy pig farming. Min pigs are an indigenous pig breed in China with desirable cold resistance characteristics, and hence are ideal for obtaining cold-resistant pig breeds. Therefore, it is important to discover the molecular mechanisms that are activated in response to cold stress in the Min pig. Here, we conducted a transcriptomic analysis of the skeletal muscle of Min pigs under chronic low-temperature acclimation (group A) and acute short cold stress (group B). Cold exposure caused more genes to be upregulated. Totals of 125 and 96 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were generated from groups A and B. Sixteen common upregulated DEGs were screened; these were concentrated in oxidative stress (SRXN1, MAFF), immune and inflammatory responses (ITPKC, AREG, MMP25, FOSL1), the nervous system (RETREG1, GADD45A, RCAN1), lipid metabolism (LRP11, LIPG, ITGA5, AMPD2), solute transport (SLC19A2, SLC28A1, SLCO4A1), and fertility (HBEGF). There were 102 and 73 genes that were specifically differentially expressed in groups A and B, respectively. The altered mRNAs were enriched in immune, endocrine, and cancer pathways. There were 186 and 91 differentially expressed lncRNAs generated from groups A and B. Analysis of the target genes suggested that they may be involved in regulating the MAPK signaling pathway for resistance to cold. The results of this study provide a comprehensive overview of cold exposure–induced transcriptional patterns in skeletal muscle of the Min pig. These results can guide future molecular studies of cold stress response in pigs for improving cold tolerance as a goal in breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongjie Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shouzheng Ma
- Department of Animal Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Ma
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wentao Wang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiqao Xia
- Department of Animal Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Di Liu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Animal Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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Li L, Liu Z, Quan J, Sun J, Lu J, Zhao G. Comprehensive proteomic analysis to elucidate the anti-heat stress effects of nano-selenium in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 241:113736. [PMID: 35689887 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Because of the continuous intensification of global warming, extreme climate fluctuations, and high-density farming, cold-water rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) are exposed to conditions of heat stress, which has severely impacted their survival and yield. Nano-selenium (nano-Se) shows higher biological activity and lower toxicity and has emerged as an ideal and ecological Se formulation. Herein rainbow trout were fed either a basal diet (control group) or basal diet plus 5 mg/kg nano-Se (treatment group). Samples were collected before (18 °C for 9 days; CG18, Se18) and after (24 °C for 8 h; CG24, Se24) heat stress. The DIA/SWATH approach was then applied to compare changes at the proteome level. We found 223 and 269 differentially abundant proteins in the CG18-CG24 and Se18-Se24 groups, respectively, which mainly included apoptosis-, heat stress-, and lipid-related proteins. In comparison with the CG18-CG24 group, the Se18-Se24 group showed higher abundance of molecular chaperone, such as Hsp70, Hsp90a.1, Hspa8, Hsp30, DNAJA4, Dnajb1, Bag2 and Ahsa1; on nano-Se supplementation, the heat stress-induced decline in the abundance of the selenoprotein MsrB2 was partially restored. Furthermore, nano-Se supplementation downregulated the abundance of lipid-related (CYP51, EBP, DHCR7, DHCR24, and APOB) and pro-apoptotic (caspase-8 and Bad) proteins. Protein-protein interaction analyses suggested that nano-Se inhibits apoptosis by upregulating the expression of Hsp70, Hsp90a.1, Hspa8, and Dnajb1; further, Hsp70/Hspa8 and MsrB2 appear to play a synergistic role in antioxidant defense under heat stress. Overall, our findings provide novel insights into nano-Se-mediated tolerance of heat stress, demonstrating that nano-Se exerts its anti-heat stress effects in rainbow trout by promoting protein repair, enhancing recovery of antioxidant enzyme activity, and alleviating lipid metabolism and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Li
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Zhe Liu
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China.
| | - Jinqiang Quan
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Jun Sun
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Junhao Lu
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
| | - Guiyan Zhao
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China
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Sun Z, Lou F, Zhao X, Song N. Characterization and analysis of transcriptome complexity using SMRT-Seq combined with RNA-Seq for a better understanding of Acanthogobius ommaturus in response to temperature stress. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 193:1551-1561. [PMID: 34742843 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Acanthogobius ommaturus is a eurythermic fish, which is widely distributed in coastal, estuarine and bay waters of China, Japan and Korea. Due to the lack of whole genomic information, full-length transcriptome of A. ommaturus was firstly generated by single molecule real-time sequencing (SMRT-seq) in this study. A total of 49,833 full-length non-redundant transcripts (FLNRTs), 2255 alternative splices, 46,856 simple sequence repeats, 5094 long non-coding RNAs and 2708 transcription factors were obtained. Additionally, FLNRTs were used as reference sequences for the following transcriptome analysis of the temperature stress (7 °C, 14 °C, 21 °C (control), 28 °C and 35 °C). GO and KEGG enrichment analysis using GSEA were performed on all genes in 10 response modules which were screened out by WGCNA. Enrichment analysis showed that protein degradation, immune response and energy metabolism play an active role in the temperature stress of A. ommaturus. The differentially expressed hub genes (DEHGs) in response modules were closely related to adhesion, vascular remodeling and disease. The results of this study provided the first systematical full-length transcriptome profile of A. ommaturus and characterized its temperature stress responses, which will serve as the foundation for further exploring the molecular mechanism of the temperature stress in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Fangrui Lou
- School of Ocean at Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Na Song
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ocean University of China), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266003, China.
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Zhao H, Wang Y, Guo M, Liu Y, Yu H, Xing M. Environmentally relevant concentration of cypermethrin or/and sulfamethoxazole induce neurotoxicity of grass carp: Involvement of blood-brain barrier, oxidative stress and apoptosis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 762:143054. [PMID: 33127128 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In water environment, the interaction between environmental pollutants is very complex, among which pesticides and antibiotics are dominant. However, most studies only focus on individual toxic effects, rather combined. In this study, the sub-chronic exposure effect of cypermethrin (CMN, 0.65 μg/L), sulfamethoxazole (SMZ, 0.30 μg/L) and their mixture on grass crap (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) was investigated. The brain tight junction, oxidative stress and apoptosis-related indices were determined after 42 days of exposure. In terms of brain function, acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) activity was significantly inhibited by CMN, SMZ and their mixtures during exposure periods. Obvious histological damage from cellular and subcellular levels were also observed, which were further confirmed by a decrease in tight junction protein levels. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) contents were significantly increased by individual compounds and mixtures, in which the content of glutathione (GSH) displayed the opposite trend. In mechanism, nuclear factor (erythrocyte derived 2) like 2(Nrf2) pathway was activated, which may trigger cellular protection to cope with CMN and SMZ exposure. However, apoptosis was also detected from the level of mRNA and histochemistry. In general, these two exogenous induced similar biological responses. The neurotoxicity of CMN was strengthened by SMZ with regard to these indices in most cases and vice versa. This study will reveal the potential co-ecological risks of pesticide and antibiotic in the aquatic organism, and provide basic data for their safety and risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjing Zhao
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Menghao Guo
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Yachen Liu
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Hongxian Yu
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China.
| | - Mingwei Xing
- College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, Heilongjiang, PR China.
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Wei L, Li Y, Ye H, Xiao J, Hogstrand C, Green I, Guo Z, Han D. Dietary Trivalent Chromium Exposure Up-Regulates Lipid Metabolism in Coral Trout: The Evidence From Transcriptome Analysis. Front Physiol 2021; 12:640898. [PMID: 33732169 PMCID: PMC7959734 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.640898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet quality greatly affects an animal’s performance and metabolism. Despite the fact that trivalent chromium [Cr(III)] is considered an essential element and is widely used in nutritional supplements for animals and humans, the potential toxicity of Cr(III) is unclear. Here, liver transcriptome sequencing was performed on coral trout (Plectropomus leopardus) exposed to 200 mg kg–1 of dietary organic Cr(III) [as chromium picolinate (CrPic)] for 8 weeks. One-hundred-and thirteen differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in response to Cr(III) stress, in comparison to the control, including 31 up-regulated and 82 down-regulated DEGs. Clusters of Orthologous Groups of proteins (COG) classifies DEGs into 15 functional categories, with the predominant category being related to lipid transport and metabolism (9.73%). The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) assigned DEGs to six major categories with robust DEGs as part of the lipid metabolism pathway (18.58%). Moreover, KEGG functional enrichment analysis showed that these DEGs are primarily related to steroid biosynthesis, terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, and steroid hormone biosynthesis pathways, of which steroid biosynthesis was the most significant pathway, and 12 key up-regulated DEGs (dhcr7, dhcr24, ebp, lss, msmo1, sqle, cyp51, tm7sf2, sc5dl, fdft1, nsdhl, and hsd17b7) were found for steroid biosynthesis pathways. To validate the RNA sequencing data using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), qRT-PCR results indicate that the expression of genes encoding HMGCR, TM7SF2, TRYP2, CTRL, EBP, LSS, and CYP51 were induced, while those encoding THRSP, LCE, and MCM5 were reduced, consistent with RNA-seq results. This findings provides the first evidence that a long-term high dose of Cr(III) intake causes lipid metabolism disorder and potential toxicity in fish. Cautious health risk assessment of dietary Cr(III) intake is therefore highly recommended for the commercial and/or natural diets of aquatic animals, which has previously largely been ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Hengzhen Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Juan Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Christer Hogstrand
- Metals Metabolism Group, School of Life Course Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Iain Green
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Bournemouth University, Poole, United Kingdom
| | - Zhiqiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Dong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhanjiang, China
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