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Mazahir F, Yadav AK. Recent progress in engineered extracellular vesicles and their biomedical applications. Life Sci 2024; 350:122747. [PMID: 38797364 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
AIMS To present the recent update on the isolation, engineering techniques for extracellular vesicles, limitations associated with different isolation techniques, different biomedical applications, and challenges of engineered extracellular vesicles for the benefit of researchers from academic, industry, etc. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Peer-reviewed articles from most recognized journals were collected, and presented information was analyzed to discuss collection, chemical, electroporation, cellular, and membrane surface engineering to design extracellular vesicles for various therapeutic applications. In addition, we present the applications and limitations of techniques for the collection of extracellular vesicles. KEY FINDINGS There is a need for isolation techniques with the gold standard. However, advanced extracellular vesicle isolation techniques showed improved recovery, and purity of extracellular vesicles. Tumor therapy is a major part of the therapy section that illustrates the role of engineered extracellular vesicles in synergetic therapy such as phototherapy, theragnostic, and delivery of genetic materials. In addition, extracellular vesicles have shown their potential in the treatment of retinal disorders, neurodegenerative disease, tuberculosis, osteoporosis, inflammatory bowel disease, vaccine production, and wound healing. SIGNIFICANCE Engineered extracellular vesicles can deliver cargo to the specific cells, elicit an immune response and could be used for the development of the vaccines in the future. However, the progress is at the initial stage. Overall, this review will provide a comprehensive understanding and could serve as a reference for researchers in the clinical translation of engineered extracellular vesicles in different biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Mazahir
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Raebareli, A Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Bijnor, Lucknow-226002, India
| | - Awesh K Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Raebareli, A Transit Campus, Bijnor-Sisendi Road, Bijnor, Lucknow-226002, India.
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2
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Rahmani A, Soleymani A, Almukhtar M, Behzad Moghadam K, Vaziri Z, Hosein Tabar Kashi A, Adabi Firoozjah R, Jafari Tadi M, Zolfaghari Dehkharghani M, Valadi H, Moghadamnia AA, Gasser RB, Rostami A. Exosomes, and the potential for exosome-based interventions against COVID-19. Rev Med Virol 2024; 34:e2562. [PMID: 38924213 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Since late 2019, the world has been devastated by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) induced by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), with more than 760 million people affected and ∼seven million deaths reported. Although effective treatments for COVID-19 are currently limited, there has been a strong focus on developing new therapeutic approaches to address the morbidity and mortality linked to this disease. An approach that is currently being investigated is the use of exosome-based therapies. Exosomes are small, extracellular vesicles that play a role in many clinical diseases, including viral infections, infected cells release exosomes that can transmit viral components, such as miRNAs and proteins, and can also include receptors for viruses that facilitate viral entry into recipient cells. SARS-CoV-2 has the ability to impact the formation, secretion, and release of exosomes, thereby potentially facilitating or intensifying the transmission of the virus among cells, tissues and individuals. Therefore, designing synthetic exosomes that carry immunomodulatory cargo and antiviral compounds are proposed to be a promising strategy for the treatment of COVID-19 and other viral diseases. Moreover, exosomes generated from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) might be employed as cell-free therapeutic agents, as MSC-derived exosomes can diminish the cytokine storm and reverse the suppression of host anti-viral defences associated with COVID-19, and boost the repair of lung damage linked to mitochondrial activity. The present article discusses the significance and roles of exosomes in COVID-19, and explores potential future applications of exosomes in combating this disease. Despite the challenges posed by COVID-19, exosome-based therapies could represent a promising avenue for improving patient outcomes and reducing the impact of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolfazl Rahmani
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ali Soleymani
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | | | - Kimia Behzad Moghadam
- Independent Researcher, Former University of California, San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Zahra Vaziri
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Ali Hosein Tabar Kashi
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Reza Adabi Firoozjah
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Jafari Tadi
- Department of Cell and Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Maryam Zolfaghari Dehkharghani
- Department of Healthcare Administration and Policy, School of Public Health, University of Nevada Las Vegas (UNLV), Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
| | - Hadi Valadi
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ali Akbar Moghadamnia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Robin B Gasser
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Science, Melbourne Veterinary School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ali Rostami
- Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
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Jang E, Yu H, Kim E, Hwang J, Yoo J, Choi J, Jeong HS, Jang S. The Therapeutic Effects of Blueberry-Treated Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Ischemic Stroke. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6362. [PMID: 38928069 PMCID: PMC11203670 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
An ischemic stroke, one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality, is caused by ischemia and hemorrhage resulting in impeded blood supply to the brain. According to many studies, blueberries have been shown to have a therapeutic effect in a variety of diseases. Therefore, in this study, we investigated whether blueberry-treated mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (B-EVs) have therapeutic effects in in vitro and in vivo stroke models. We isolated the extracellular vesicles using cryo-TEM and characterized the particles and concentrations using NTA. MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (A-EVs) and B-EVs were round with a lipid bilayer structure and a diameter of ~150 nm. In addition, A-EVs and B-EVs were shown to affect angiogenesis, cell cycle, differentiation, DNA repair, inflammation, and neurogenesis following KEGG pathway and GO analyses. We investigated the protective effects of A-EVs and B-EVs against neuronal cell death in oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) cells and a middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) animal model. The results showed that the cell viability was increased with EV treatment in HT22 cells. In the animal, the size of the cerebral infarction was decreased, and the behavioral assessment was improved with EV injections. The levels of NeuN and neurofilament heavy chain (NFH)-positive cells were also increased with EV treatment yet decreased in the MCAo group. In addition, the number of apoptotic cells was decreased with EV treatment compared with ischemic animals following TUNEL and Bax/Bcl-2 staining. These data suggested that EVs, especially B-EVs, had a therapeutic effect and could reduce apoptotic cell death after ischemic injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjae Jang
- Department of Physiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun 58128, Republic of Korea; (E.J.); (H.Y.); (J.H.); (J.C.)
- Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Hwasun-gun 58141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Yu
- Department of Physiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun 58128, Republic of Korea; (E.J.); (H.Y.); (J.H.); (J.C.)
- Jeonnam Bioindustry Foundation Biopharmaceutical Research Center, Hwasun-gun 58141, Republic of Korea
| | - Eungpil Kim
- Infrastructure Project Organization for Global Industrialization of Vaccine, Sejong-si 30121, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jinsu Hwang
- Department of Physiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun 58128, Republic of Korea; (E.J.); (H.Y.); (J.H.); (J.C.)
| | - Jin Yoo
- Department of Physical Education, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jiyun Choi
- Department of Physiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun 58128, Republic of Korea; (E.J.); (H.Y.); (J.H.); (J.C.)
| | - Han-Seong Jeong
- Department of Physiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun 58128, Republic of Korea; (E.J.); (H.Y.); (J.H.); (J.C.)
| | - Sujeong Jang
- Department of Physiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun 58128, Republic of Korea; (E.J.); (H.Y.); (J.H.); (J.C.)
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Chen H, Pang B, Zhou C, Han M, Gong J, Li Y, Jiang J. Prostate cancer-derived small extracellular vesicle proteins: the hope in diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutics. J Nanobiotechnology 2023; 21:480. [PMID: 38093355 PMCID: PMC10720096 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-023-02219-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Current diagnostic tools for prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis and risk stratification are insufficient. The hidden onset and poor efficacy of traditional therapies against metastatic PCa make this disease a heavy burden in global men's health. Prostate cancer-derived extracellular vesicles (PCDEVs) have garnered attention in recent years due to their important role in communications in tumor microenvironment. Recent advancements have demonstrated PCDEVs proteins play an important role in PCa invasion, progression, metastasis, therapeutic resistance, and immune escape. In this review, we briefly discuss the applications of sEV proteins in PCa diagnosis and prognosis in liquid biopsy, focus on the roles of the PCa-derived small EVs (sEVs) proteins in tumor microenvironment associated with cancer progression, and explore the therapeutic potential of sEV proteins applied for future metastatic PCa therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Chen
- Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Ningbo Clinical Research Center for Urological Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Translational Research Laboratory for Urology, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Bairen Pang
- Ningbo Clinical Research Center for Urological Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Translational Research Laboratory for Urology, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Ningbo Clinical Research Center for Urological Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Translational Research Laboratory for Urology, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Han
- Ningbo Clinical Research Center for Urological Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Translational Research Laboratory for Urology, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Gong
- Ningbo Clinical Research Center for Urological Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Translational Research Laboratory for Urology, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Li
- Cancer Care Centre, St George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW, 2217, Australia.
- School of Clinical Medicine, St. George and Sutherland Clinical Campuses, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia.
| | - Junhui Jiang
- Ningbo Clinical Research Center for Urological Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Translational Research Laboratory for Urology, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Urology, Ningbo First Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Haishu District, Ningbo, 315600, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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Cha BS, Jang YJ, Lee ES, Kim DY, Woo JS, Son J, Kim S, Shin J, Han J, Kim S, Park KS. Development of a Novel DNA Aptamer Targeting Colorectal Cancer Cell-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles as a Potential Diagnostic and Therapeutic Agent. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300854. [PMID: 37129521 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) as the second leading cause of global cancer deaths poses critical challenges in clinical settings. Cancer-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), which are secreted by cancer cells, have been shown to mediate tumor development, invasion, and even metastasis, and have thus received increasing attention for the development of cancer diagnostic or therapeutic platforms. In the present study, the sEV-targeted systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (E-SELEX) is developed to generate a high-quality aptamer (CCE-10F) that recognizes and binds to CRC-derived sEVs. Via an in-depth investigation, it is confirmed that this novel aptamer possesses high affinity (Kd = 3.41 nm) for CRC-derived sEVs and exhibits a wide linear range (2.0 × 104 -1.0 × 106 particles µL-1 ) with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.0 × 103 particles µL-1 . Furthermore, the aptamer discriminates CRC cell-derived sEVs from those derived from normal colon cell, human serum, and other cancer cells, showing high specificity for CRC cell-derived sEVs and significantly suppresses the critical processes of metastasis, including cellular migration, invasion, and angiogenesis, which are originally induced by sEVs themselves. These findings are highly encouraging for the potential use of the aptamer in sEV-based diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Seok Cha
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jun Jang
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Sung Lee
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Yeon Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Su Woo
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinseo Son
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokjoon Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiye Shin
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinjoo Han
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Seokhwan Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Soo Park
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
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Zabegina L, Zyatchin I, Kniazeva M, Shalaev A, Berkut M, Sharoyko V, Mikhailovskii V, Kondratov K, Reva S, Nosov A, Malek A. Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer through the Multi-Ligand Binding of Prostate-Derived Extracellular Vesicles and miRNA Analysis. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13040885. [PMID: 37109414 PMCID: PMC10141197 DOI: 10.3390/life13040885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The development of new non-invasive markers for prostate cancer (PC) diagnosis, prognosis, and management is an important issue that needs to be addressed to decrease PC mortality. Small extracellular vesicles (SEVs) secreted by prostate gland or prostate cancer cells into the plasma are considered next-generation diagnostic tools because their chemical composition might reflect the PC development. The population of plasma vesicles is extremely heterogeneous. The study aimed to explore a new approach for prostate-derived SEV isolation followed by vesicular miRNA analysis. Methods: We used superparamagnetic particles functionalized by five types of DNA-aptamers binding the surface markers of prostate cells. Specificity of binding was assayed by AuNP-aptasensor. Prostate-derived SEVs were isolated from the plasma of 36 PC patients and 18 healthy donors and used for the assessment of twelve PC-associated miRNAs. The amplification ratio (amp-ratio) value was obtained for all pairs of miRNAs, and the diagnostic significance of these parameters was evaluated. Results: The multi-ligand binding approach doubled the efficiency of prostate-derived SEVs’ isolation and made it possible to purify a sufficient amount of vesicular RNA. The neighbor clusterization, using three pairs of microRNAs (miR-205/miR-375, miR-26b/miR375, and miR-20a/miR-375), allowed us to distinguish PC patients and donors with sensitivity—94%, specificity—76%, and accuracy—87%. Moreover, the amp-ratios of other miRNAs pairs reflected such parameters as plasma PSA level, prostate volume, and Gleason score of PC. Conclusions: Multi-ligand isolation of prostate-derived vesicles followed by vesicular miRNA analysis is a promising method for PC diagnosis and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Zabegina
- Subcellular Technology Lab, Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 197758 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ilya Zyatchin
- Department of Oncology No. 6, Pavlov First Medical State University, 197022 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Margarita Kniazeva
- Subcellular Technology Lab, Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 197758 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Andrey Shalaev
- Subcellular Technology Lab, Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 197758 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Maria Berkut
- Surgical Department of Oncourology, Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 197758 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vladimir Sharoyko
- Department of General and Bioorganic Chemistry, Pavlov First Medical State University, 197022 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vladimir Mikhailovskii
- Interdisciplinary Resource Center for Nanotechnology, Saint-Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Kirill Kondratov
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, City Hospital No. 40, 197706 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Sergey Reva
- Department of Oncology No. 6, Pavlov First Medical State University, 197022 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Surgical Department of Oncourology, Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 197758 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexandr Nosov
- Surgical Department of Oncourology, Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 197758 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anastasia Malek
- Subcellular Technology Lab, Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 197758 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
- Oncosystem Ltd., 121205 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-960-250-46-80
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A review on comparative studies addressing exosome isolation methods from body fluids. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:1239-1263. [PMID: 35838769 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04174-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes emerged as valuable sources of disease biomarkers and new therapeutic tools. However, extracellular vesicles isolation with exosome-like characteristics from certain biofluids is still challenging which can limit their potential use in clinical settings. While ultracentrifugation-based procedures are the gold standard for exosome isolation from cell cultures, no unique and standardized method for exosome isolation from distinct body fluids exists. The complexity, specific composition, and physical properties of each biofluid constitute a technical barrier to obtain reproducible and pure exosome preparations, demanding a detailed characterization of both exosome isolation and characterization methods. Moreover, some isolation procedures can affect downstream proteomic or RNA profiling analysis. This review compiles and discussed a set of comparative studies addressing distinct exosome isolation methods from human biofluids, including cerebrospinal fluid, plasma, serum, saliva, and urine, also focusing on body fluid specific challenges, physical properties, and other potential variation sources. This summarized information will facilitate the choice of exosome isolation methods, based on the type of biological samples available, and hopefully encourage the use of exosomes in translational and clinical research.
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Cryo-electron microscopy of adipose tissue extracellular vesicles in obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279652. [PMID: 36827314 PMCID: PMC10045588 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived membrane vesicles which play an important role in cell-to-cell communication and physiology. EVs deliver biological information from producing to recipient cells by transport of different cargo such as proteins, mRNAs, microRNAs, non-coding RNAs and lipids. Adipose tissue EVs could regulate metabolic and inflammatory interactions inside adipose tissue depots as well as distal tissues. Thus, adipose tissue EVs are assumed to be implicated in obesity-associated pathologies, notably in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this study we for the first time characterize EVs secreted by visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) of patients with obesity and T2DM with standard methods as well as analyze their morphology with cryo-electron microscopy. Cryo-electron microscopy allowed us to visualize heterogeneous population of EVs of various size and morphology including single EVs and EVs with internal membrane structures in samples from obese patients as well from the control group. Single vesicles prevailed (up to 85% for SAT, up to 75% for VAT) and higher proportion of EVs with internal membrane structures compared to SAT was typical for VAT. Decreased size of single and double SAT EVs compared to VAT EVs, large proportion of multilayered EVs and all EVs with internal membrane structures secreted by VAT distinguished obese patients with/without T2DM from the control group. These findings could support the idea of modified biogenesis of EVs during obesity and T2DM.
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Tan M, Ge Y, Wang X, Wang Y, Liu Y, He F, Teng H. Extracellular Vesicles (EVs) in Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2023; 22:15330338231171463. [PMID: 37122245 PMCID: PMC10134167 DOI: 10.1177/15330338231171463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have gained significant attention due to their tremendous potential for clinical applications. EVs play a crucial role in various aspects, including tumorigenesis, drug resistance, immune escape, and reconstruction of the tumor microenvironment. Despite the growing interest in EVs, many questions still need to be addressed before they can be practically applied in clinical settings. This paper aims to review EVs' isolation methods, structure research, the roles of EVs in tumorigenesis and their mechanisms in multiple types of tumors, their potential application in drug delivery, and the expectations for their future in clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingdian Tan
- School of Medicine, Asian Liver Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yizhi Ge
- The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Jiangsu Cancer Hospital) and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaogang Wang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yi Liu
- School of Medicine, Asian Liver Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Feng He
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hongqi Teng
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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10
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The exosome: a review of current therapeutic roles and capabilities in human reproduction. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023; 13:473-502. [PMID: 35980542 PMCID: PMC9794547 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-022-01225-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are nano-vesicles (30-150 nm) which may be useful as therapeutic delivery vehicles and as diagnostic biomarkers. Exosomes are produced naturally within the human body and therefore are not prone to immunogenicity effects which would otherwise destroy unelicited foreign bodies. Clinically, they have been regarded as ideal candidates for applications relating to biomarker developments for the early detection of different diseases. Furthermore, exosomes may be of interest as potential drug delivery vehicles, which may improve factors such as bioavailability of loaded molecular cargo, side effect profiles, off-target effects, and pharmacokinetics of drug molecules. In this review, the therapeutic potential of exosomes and their use as clinical biomarkers for early diagnostics will be explored, alongside exosomes as therapeutic delivery vehicles. This review will evaluate techniques for cargo loading, and the capacity of loaded exosomes to improve various reproductive disease states. It becomes important, therefore, to consider factors such as loading efficiency, loading methods, cell viability, exosomal sources, exosome isolation, and the potential therapeutic benefits of exosomes. Issues related to targeted drug delivery will also be discussed. Finally, the variety of therapeutic cargo and the application of appropriate loading methods is explored, in the context of establishing clinical utility. Exosomes have more recently been widely accpeted as potential tools for disease diagnostics and the targeted delivery of certain therapeutic molecules-and in due time exosomes will be utilised more commonly within the clinical setting. Specifically, exosomal biomarkers can be identified and related to various detrimental conditions which occur during pregnancy. Considering, this review will explore the potential future of exosomes as both diagnostic tools and therapeutic delivery vehicles to treat related conditions, including the challenges which exist towards incorporating exosomes within the clinical environment to benefit patients.
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Chandrasekera D, Shah R, van Hout I, De Jonge W, Bunton R, Parry D, Davis P, Katare R. Combination of precipitation and size exclusion chromatography as an effective method for exosome like extracellular vesicle isolation from pericardial fluids. Nanotheranostics 2023; 7:345-352. [PMID: 37151803 PMCID: PMC10161387 DOI: 10.7150/ntno.82939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), such as exosomes, are nanovesicles that have received significant attention due to their ability to contain various molecular cargos. EVs found in biological fluids have been demonstrated to have therapeutic potential, including as biomarkers. Despite being extensively studied, a significant downfall in EV research is the lack of standardised protocol for its isolation from human biological fluids, where EVs usually exist at low densities. In this study, we tested two well-established EV isolation protocols, precipitation, and size exclusion chromatography (SEC), to determine their efficiency in isolating EVs from the pericardial fluid. Precipitation alone resulted in high yields of low-purity exosomes as tested by DLS analysis, transmission electron microscopy, immunogold labelling and western blotting for the exosomal surface proteins. While EVs isolated by SEC were pure, the concentration was low. Interestingly, the combination of precipitation followed by SEC resulted in high EV yields with good purity. Our results suggest that the combination method can be adapted to isolate EVs from body fluids which have low densities of EV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhananjie Chandrasekera
- Department of Physiology, HeartOtago, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Rishi Shah
- Department of Physiology, HeartOtago, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Isabelle van Hout
- Department of Physiology, HeartOtago, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Willow De Jonge
- Department of Physiology, HeartOtago, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Richard Bunton
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Dominic Parry
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Philip Davis
- Cardiothoracic Surgery, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Rajesh Katare
- Department of Physiology, HeartOtago, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
- ✉ Corresponding author: Rajesh Katare, MD PhD, Department of Physiology, HeartOtago, University of Otago, 270, Great King Street, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand. Tel: +64-3-479-7292;
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12
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Paget D, Checa A, Zöhrer B, Heilig R, Shanmuganathan M, Dhaliwal R, Johnson E, Jørgensen MM, Bæk R, Wheelock CE, Channon KM, Fischer R, Anthony DC, Choudhury RP, Akbar N. Comparative and integrated analysis of plasma extracellular vesicle isolation methods in healthy volunteers and patients following myocardial infarction. JOURNAL OF EXTRACELLULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 1:e66. [PMID: 38939906 PMCID: PMC11080728 DOI: 10.1002/jex2.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Plasma extracellular vesicle (EV) number and composition are altered following myocardial infarction (MI), but to properly understand the significance of these changes it is essential to appreciate how the different isolation methods affect EV characteristics, proteome and sphingolipidome. Here, we compared plasma EV isolated from platelet-poor plasma from four healthy donors and six MI patients at presentation and 1-month post-MI using ultracentrifugation (UC), polyethylene glycol precipitation, acoustic trapping, size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) and immunoaffinity capture. The isolated EV were evaluated by Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA), Western blot, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), an EV-protein array, untargeted proteomics (LC-MS/MS) and targeted sphingolipidomics (LC-MS/MS). The application of the five different plasma EV isolation methods in patients presenting with MI showed that the choice of plasma EV isolation method influenced the ability to distinguish elevations in plasma EV concentration following MI, enrichment of EV-cargo (EV-proteins and sphingolipidomics) and associations with the size of the infarct determined by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging 6 months post-MI. Despite the selection bias imposed by each method, a core of EV-associated proteins and lipids was detectable using all approaches. However, this study highlights how each isolation method comes with its own idiosyncrasies and makes the comparison of data acquired by different techniques in clinical studies problematic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daan Paget
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Department of PharmacologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Antonio Checa
- Unit of Integrative Metabolomics, Institute of Environmental MedicineKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
| | - Benedikt Zöhrer
- Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna and Center for Molecular MedicineKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and AllergyKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
| | - Raphael Heilig
- Target Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Mayooran Shanmuganathan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Acute Vascular Imaging Centre, Radcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordUK
| | - Raman Dhaliwal
- Sir William Dunn School of PathologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Errin Johnson
- Sir William Dunn School of PathologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Maléne Møller Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical MedicineAalborg UniversityAalborgDenmark
- Department of Clinical ImmunologyAalborg University HospitalAalborgDenmark
| | - Rikke Bæk
- Department of Clinical MedicineAalborg UniversityAalborgDenmark
| | | | - Craig E. Wheelock
- Unit of Integrative Metabolomics, Institute of Environmental MedicineKarolinska InstituteStockholmSweden
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and AllergyKarolinska University HospitalStockholmSweden
- Gunma University Initiative for Advanced Research (GIAR)Gunma UniversityShowa‐machiMaebashiGunmaJapan
| | - Keith M. Channon
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Acute Vascular Imaging Centre, Radcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordUK
| | - Roman Fischer
- Target Discovery Institute, Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | | | - Robin P. Choudhury
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Acute Vascular Imaging Centre, Radcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordUK
| | - Naveed Akbar
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
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13
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Meldolesi J. Unconventional Protein Secretion Dependent on Two Extracellular Vesicles: Exosomes and Ectosomes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:877344. [PMID: 35756998 PMCID: PMC9218857 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.877344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to conventional protein secretion, dependent on the specific cleavage of signal sequences, proteins are secreted by other processes, all together called unconventional. Among the mechanisms operative in unconventional secretion, some are based on two families of extracellular vesicle (EVs), expressed by all types of cells: the exosomes (before secretion called ILVs) and ectosomes (average diameters ∼70 and ∼250 nm). The two types of EVs have been largely characterized by extensive studies. ILVs are assembled within endocytic vacuoles by inward budding of small membrane microdomains associated to cytosolic cargos including unconventional secretory proteins. The vacuoles containing ILVs are called multivesicular bodies (MVBs). Upon their possible molecular exchange with autophagosomes, MVBs undergo two alternative forms of fusion: 1. with lysosomes, followed by large digestion of their cargo molecules; and 2. with plasma membrane (called exocytosis), followed by extracellular diffusion of exosomes. The vesicles of the other type, the ectosomes, are differently assembled. Distinct plasma membrane rafts undergo rapid outward budding accompanied by accumulation of cytosolic/secretory cargo molecules, up to their sewing and pinching off. Both types of EV, released to the extracellular fluid in their complete forms including both membrane and cargo, start navigation for various times and distances, until their fusion with target cells. Release/navigation/fusion of EVs establish continuous tridimensional networks exchanging molecules, signals and information among cells. The proteins unconventionally secreted via EVs are a few hundreds. Some of them are functionally relevant (examples FADD, TNF, TACE), governing physiological processes and important diseases. Such proteins, at present intensely investigated, predict future discoveries and innovative developments, relevant for basic research and clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Meldolesi
- The San Raffaele Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy.,The CNR Institute of Neuroscience at Milano-Bicocca University, Milan, Italy
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14
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Yakubovich EI, Polischouk AG, Evtushenko VI. Principles and Problems of Exosome Isolation from Biological Fluids. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW), SUPPLEMENT SERIES A: MEMBRANE AND CELL BIOLOGY 2022; 16:115-126. [PMID: 35730027 PMCID: PMC9202659 DOI: 10.1134/s1990747822030096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes, the subclass of small membrane extracellular vesicles, have great diagnostic and therapeutic potential, but the lack of standardized methods for their efficient isolation and analysis limits the introduction of exosomal technologies into clinical practice. This review discusses the problems associated with the isolation of exosomes from biological fluids, as well as the principles of traditional and alternative methods of isolation. The aim of the presented review is to illustrate the variety of approaches based on the physical and biochemical properties of exosomes that can be used for exosome isolation. The advantages and disadvantages of different methods are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. I. Yakubovich
- Granov Russian Research Center for Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 197758 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A. G. Polischouk
- Granov Russian Research Center for Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 197758 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - V. I. Evtushenko
- Granov Russian Research Center for Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 197758 St. Petersburg, Russia
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15
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Ghosh S, Ghosh S. Exosome: The “Off-the-Shelf” Cellular Nanocomponent as a Potential Pathogenic Agent, a Disease Biomarker, and Neurotherapeutics. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:878058. [PMID: 35685643 PMCID: PMC9170956 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.878058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are nanosized “off-the-shelf” lipid vesicles released by almost all cell types and play a significant role in cell–cell communication. Exosomes have already been proven to carry cell-specific cargos of proteins, lipids, miRNA, and noncoding RNA (ribonucleic acid). These vesicles can be selectively taken up by the neighboring cell and can regulate cellular functions. Herein, we have discussed three different roles of exosomes in neuroscience. First, we have discussed how exosomes play the role of a pathogenic agent as a part of cell–cell communication and transmit pathogens such as amyloid-beta (Aβ), further helping in the propagation of neurodegenerative and other neurological diseases. In the next section, the review talks about the role of exosomes in biomarker discovery in neurological disorders. Toward the end, we have reviewed how exosomes can be harnessed and engineered for therapeutic purposes in different brain diseases. This review is based on the current knowledge generated in this field and our comprehension of this domain.
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16
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Duggan MR, Lu A, Foster TC, Wimmer M, Parikh V. Exosomes in Age-Related Cognitive Decline: Mechanistic Insights and Improving Outcomes. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:834775. [PMID: 35299946 PMCID: PMC8921862 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.834775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is the most prominent risk factor for cognitive decline, yet behavioral symptomology and underlying neurobiology can vary between individuals. Certain individuals exhibit significant age-related cognitive impairments, while others maintain intact cognitive functioning with only minimal decline. Recent developments in genomic, proteomic, and functional imaging approaches have provided insights into the molecular and cellular substrates of cognitive decline in age-related neuropathologies. Despite the emergence of novel tools, accurately and reliably predicting longitudinal cognitive trajectories and improving functional outcomes for the elderly remains a major challenge. One promising approach has been the use of exosomes, a subgroup of extracellular vesicles that regulate intercellular communication and are easily accessible compared to other approaches. In the current review, we highlight recent findings which illustrate how the analysis of exosomes can improve our understanding of the underlying neurobiological mechanisms that contribute to cognitive variation in aging. Specifically, we focus on exosome-mediated regulation of miRNAs, neuroinflammation, and aggregate-prone proteins. In addition, we discuss how exosomes might be used to enhance individual patient outcomes by serving as reliable biomarkers of cognitive decline and as nanocarriers to deliver therapeutic agents to the brain in neurodegenerative conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R. Duggan
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Anne Lu
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Thomas C. Foster
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Mathieu Wimmer
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Vinay Parikh
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience Program, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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17
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van der Koog L, Gandek TB, Nagelkerke A. Liposomes and Extracellular Vesicles as Drug Delivery Systems: A Comparison of Composition, Pharmacokinetics, and Functionalization. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2100639. [PMID: 34165909 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decades, lipid-based nanoparticle drug delivery systems (DDS) have caught the attention of researchers worldwide, encouraging the field to rapidly develop improved ways for effective drug delivery. One of the most prominent examples is liposomes, which are spherical shaped artificial vesicles composed of lipid bilayers and able to encapsulate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic materials. At the same time, biological nanoparticles naturally secreted by cells, called extracellular vesicles (EVs), have emerged as promising more complex biocompatible DDS. In this review paper, the differences and similarities in the composition of both vesicles are evaluated, and critical mediators that affect their pharmacokinetics are elucidate. Different strategies that have been assessed to tweak the pharmacokinetics of both liposomes and EVs are explored, detailing the effects on circulation time, targeting capacity, and cytoplasmic delivery of therapeutic cargo. Finally, whether a hybrid system, consisting of a combination of only the critical constituents of both vesicles, could offer the best of both worlds is discussed. Through these topics, novel leads for further research are provided and, more importantly, gain insight in what the liposome field and the EV field can learn from each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke van der Koog
- Molecular Pharmacology Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy GRIAC Research Institute, University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen P.O. Box 196, XB10 Groningen 9700 AD The Netherlands
| | - Timea B. Gandek
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy University of Groningen P.O. Box 196, XB20 Groningen 9700 AD The Netherlands
| | - Anika Nagelkerke
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy University of Groningen P.O. Box 196, XB20 Groningen 9700 AD The Netherlands
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18
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Kim MW, Park S, Lee H, Gwak H, Hyun KA, Kim JY, Jung HI, Il Kim S. Multi-miRNA panel of tumor-derived extracellular vesicles as promising diagnostic biomarkers of early-stage breast cancer. Cancer Sci 2021; 112:5078-5087. [PMID: 34626053 PMCID: PMC8645748 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EV) have been emerging as potential biomarkers for disease monitoring. In particular, tumor‐derived EV (TDE) are known to carry oncogenic miRNA, so they can be used for diagnosis of early cancer by analyzing the expression levels of EV‐miRNA circulating in the blood. Here, using our novel microfluidic device, we rapidly and selectively isolate cancerous EV expressing breast cancer‐derived surface markers CD49f and EpCAM within 2 minutes. Based on seven candidates of miRNA nominated from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database, the expression levels of miRNA in TDE were validated in a total of 82 individuals, including 62 breast cancer patients and 20 healthy controls. Among seven candidates, four miRNAs (miR‐9, miR‐16, miR‐21, and miR‐429) from the EV were highly elevated in early‐stage breast cancer patients compared with healthy donors. The combination of significant miRNAs from specific EV has high sensitivities of 0.90, 0.86, 0.88, and 0.84 of the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) in each subtype (luminal A, luminal B, HER‐2, and triple‐negative) of early‐stage breast cancer. Our results suggest that the combination of four miRNA signatures of specific EV could serve as a sensitive and specific biomarker and enable early diagnosis of breast cancer using liquid biopsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Woo Kim
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunyoung Park
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyojung Lee
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hogyeong Gwak
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-A Hyun
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Ye Kim
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Il Jung
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Il Kim
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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19
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Evaluation of Colon-Specific Plasma Nanovesicles as New Markers of Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13153905. [PMID: 34359806 PMCID: PMC8345452 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13153905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Developing new and efficient approaches for the early diagnosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) is an important issue. Circulating extracellular nanovesicles (ENVs) present a promising class of cancer markers. Cells of well-differentiated adenocarcinomas retain the molecular characteristics of colon epithelial cells, and the ENVs secreted by these cells may have colon-specific surface markers. We hypothesize that an increase in the number of ENVs carrying colon-specific markers could serve as a diagnostic criterion for colorectal cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Potential colon-specific markers were selected based on tissue-specific expression profile and cell surface membrane localization data. Plasma was collected from CRC patients (n = 48) and healthy donors (n = 50). The total population of ENVs was isolated with a two-phase polymer system. ENVs derived from colon epithelium cells were isolated using immune-beads with antibodies to colon-specific markers prior to labelling with antibodies against exosomal tetraspanins (CD63 and CD9) and quantification by flow cytometry. RESULTS The number of ENVs positive for single colon cancer markers was found to be significantly higher in the plasma of CRC patients compared with healthy donors. The efficacy of detection depends on the method of ENV labelling. The diagnostic efficacy was estimated by ROC analysis (the AUC varied between 0.71 and 0.79). The multiplexed isolation of colon-derived ENVs using immune-beads decorated with antibodies against five markers allowed for a further increase in the diagnostic potency of the method (AUC = 0.82). CONCLUSIONS ENVs derived from colon epithelium may serve as markers of differentiated CRC (adenocarcinomas). The composition of ligands used for capturing colon-derived ENVs and their method of labelling are critical for the efficacy of this proposed diagnostic approach.
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20
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Pellequer Y, Zanetta G, Rebibou JM, Severin I, Chagnon MC, Zissel G, Neiers F, Seigneuric R. Development of a new methodology to determine size differences of nanoparticles with nanoparticle tracking analysis. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13204-021-01932-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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21
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Yan H, Li Y, Cheng S, Zeng Y. Advances in Analytical Technologies for Extracellular Vesicles. Anal Chem 2021; 93:4739-4774. [PMID: 33635060 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c00693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- He Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Yutao Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Shibo Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States
| | - Yong Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, United States.,University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
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