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Khales P, Razizadeh MH, Ghorbani S, Moattari A, Sarvari J, Saadati H, Sayyahfar S, Salavatiha Z, Hasanabad MH, Poortahmasebi V, Tavakoli A. Human adenoviruses in children with gastroenteritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infect Dis 2024; 24:478. [PMID: 38724898 PMCID: PMC11084101 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-024-09386-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) have always been suggested as one of the main causes of gastroenteritis in children. However, no comprehensive report on the global epidemiology of these viruses in pediatric gastroenteritis is available. METHODS A systematic search was conducted to obtain published papers from 2003 to 2023 in three main databases PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. RESULTS The estimated global pooled prevalence of HAdV infection in children with gastroenteritis was 10% (95% CI: 9-11%), with a growing trend after 2010. The highest prevalence was observed in Africa (20%, 95% CI: 14-26%). The prevalence was higher in inpatients (11%; 95% CI: 8-13%) and patients aged 5 years old and younger (9%; 95% CI: 7-10%). However, no significant difference was observed between male and female patients (P = 0.63). The most prevalent species was found to be the species F (57%; 95% CI: 41-72%). The most common HAdVs observed in children with gastroenteritis were types 40/41, 38, and 2. Analysis of case-control studies showed an association between HAdV and gastroenteritis in children (OR: 2.28, 95% CI; 1.51-3.44). CONCLUSION This study provided valuable insights into the importance of HAdVs in children with gastroenteritis, especially in hospitalized and younger children. The results can be used in future preventive measurements and the development of effective vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pegah Khales
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Razizadeh
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saied Ghorbani
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Afagh Moattari
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Jamal Sarvari
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hassan Saadati
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Shirin Sayyahfar
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Salavatiha
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Haghighi Hasanabad
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahdat Poortahmasebi
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Tavakoli
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Viana E, França Y, de Azevedo LS, Medeiros RS, Guiducci R, Guadagnucci S, Luchs A. Genotypic diversity and long-term impact of human bocavirus on diarrheal disease: Insights from historical fecal samples in Brazil. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29429. [PMID: 38258346 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the frequency and genotypic diversity of human bocavirus (HBoV) in historical fecal samples collected before 2005 in Brazil and understand its natural history in patients with diarrhea. Between 1998 and 2005, 3347 samples were tested for HBoV by RT-PCR, with a detection rate of 5.8% (195/3347). Coinfection with norovirus (NoV) and human adenovirus (HAdV) was found in 34.9% (68/195), indicating HBoV's potential role as a causative agent of diarrheal disease. The detection rate varied over the years (p < 0.05), suggesting natural oscillatory fluctuations. HBoV was more prevalent in fall and winter, with higher positivity in children ≤5 years (p < 0.05), reinforcing that HBoV is an important pathogen in childhood diarrhea. Genotyping (32.8%; 64/195) revealed the circulation of HBoV-1 (79.7%, 51/64), HBoV-3 (12.5%, 8/64), HBoV-2 (6.2%, 4/64), and the rare HBoV-4 (1.6%, 1/64). Difference in HBoV-1 and HBoV-2/-3 mono-infections prevalence (p < 0.05), suggests a potential role of HBoV-1 in the pathogenicity of diarrheal disease. The study highlights HBoV's lasting impact on viral gastroenteritis in Brazil and emphasizes its genotypic diversity. Recommending screening for HBoV in public health laboratories is crucial for understanding its role in gastrointestinal diseases. The data also contribute to understanding the molecular characterization of enteric viruses in historical fecal samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Viana
- Enteric Disease Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Yasmin França
- Enteric Disease Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lais S de Azevedo
- Enteric Disease Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roberta S Medeiros
- Enteric Disease Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Raquel Guiducci
- Enteric Disease Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Simone Guadagnucci
- Enteric Disease Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriana Luchs
- Enteric Disease Laboratory, Virology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Sharif N, Sharif N, Khan A, Azpíroz ID, Diaz RM, Díez IDLT, Parvez AK, Dey SK. Prevalence and genetic diversity of rotavirus in Bangladesh during pre-vaccination period, 1973-2023: a meta-analysis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1289032. [PMID: 38077390 PMCID: PMC10704141 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1289032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Rotavirus infection is a major cause of mortality among children under 5 years in Bangladesh. There is lack of integrated studies on rotavirus prevalence and genetic diversity during 1973 to 2023 in Bangladesh. Methods This meta-analysis was conducted to determine the prevalence, genotypic diversity and seasonal distribution of rotavirus during pre-vaccination period in Bangladesh. This study included published articles on rotavirus A, rotavirus B and rotavirus C. We used Medline, Scopus and Google Scholar for published articles. Selected literatures were published between 1973 to 2023. Results This study detected 12431 research articles published on rotavirus. Based on the inclusion criteria, 29 of 75 (30.2%) studies were selected. Molecular epidemiological data was taken from 29 articles, prevalence data from 29 articles, and clinical symptoms from 19 articles. The pooled prevalence of rotavirus was 30.1% (95% CI: 22%-45%, p = 0.005). Rotavirus G1 (27.1%, 2228 of 8219) was the most prevalent followed by G2 (21.09%, 1733 of 8219), G4 (11.58%, 952 of 8219), G9 (9.37%, 770 of 8219), G12 (8.48%, 697 of 8219), and G3 (2.79%, 229 of 8219), respectively. Genotype P[8] (40.6%, 2548 of 6274) was the most prevalent followed by P[4] (12.4%, 777 of 6274) and P[6] (6.4%, 400 of 6274), respectively. Rotavirus G1P[8] (19%) was the most frequent followed by G2P [4] (9.4%), G12P[8] (7.2%), and G9P[8], respectively. Rotavirus infection had higher odds of occurrence during December and February (aOR: 2.86, 95% CI: 2.43-3.6, p = 0.001). Discussion This is the first meta-analysis including all the studies on prevalence, molecular epidemiology, and genetic diversity of rotavirus from 1973 to 2023, pre-vaccination period in Bangladesh. This study will provide overall scenario of rotavirus genetic diversity and seasonality during pre-vaccination period and aids in policy making for rotavirus vaccination program in Bangladesh. This work will add valuable knowledge for vaccination against rotavirus and compare the data after starting vaccination in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadim Sharif
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nazmul Sharif
- Department of Mathematics, Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Afsana Khan
- Department of Statistics, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Irma Domínguez Azpíroz
- Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Santander, Spain
- Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Arecibo, PR, United States
- Universidad de La Romana, La Romana, Dominican Republic
| | - Raquel Martínez Diaz
- Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Santander, Spain
- Universidade Internacional do Cuanza, Cuito, Bié, Angola
- Universidad Internacional Iberoamericana, Campeche, Mexico
| | | | | | - Shuvra Kanti Dey
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Sharif N, Ahmed SN, Khandaker S, Monifa NH, Abusharha A, Vargas DLR, Díez IDLT, Castilla AGK, Talukder AA, Parvez AK, Dey SK. Multidrug resistance pattern and molecular epidemiology of pathogens among children with diarrhea in Bangladesh, 2019-2021. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13975. [PMID: 37634040 PMCID: PMC10460387 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41174-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial and multidrug resistance (MDR) pathogens are becoming one of the major health threats among children. Integrated studies on the molecular epidemiology and prevalence of AMR and MDR diarrheal pathogens are lacking. A total of 404 fecal specimens were collected from children with diarrhea in Bangladesh from January 2019 to December 2021. We used conventional bacteriologic and molecular sequence analysis methods. Phenotypic and genotypic resistance were determined by disk diffusion and molecular sequencing methods. Fisher's exact tests with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was performed. Prevalence of bacterial infection was 63% (251 of 404) among children with diarrhea. E. coli (29%) was the most prevalent. E. coli, Shigella spp., V. cholerae, and Salmonella spp., showed the highest frequency of resistance against ceftriaxone (75-85%), and erythromycin (70-75%%). About 10-20% isolates of E. coli, V. cholerae and Shigella spp. showed MDR against cephem, macrolides, and quinolones. Significant association (p value < 0.05) was found between the phenotypic and genotypic resistance. The risk of diarrhea was the highest among the patients co-infected with E. coli and rotavirus [OR 3.6 (95% CI 1.1-5.4) (p = 0.001)] followed by Shigella spp. and rotavirus [OR 3.5 (95% CI 0.5-5.3) (p = 0.001)]. This study will provide an integrated insight of molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance profiling of bacterial pathogens among children with diarrhea in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadim Sharif
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Shamsun Nahar Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Shamim Khandaker
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Nuzhat Haque Monifa
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Ali Abusharha
- Optometry Department. Applied Medical Sciences Collage, King Saud University, P. O. Box 145111, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Ali Azam Talukder
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Anowar Khasru Parvez
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Shuvra Kanti Dey
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh.
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Garbern SC, Islam MT, Islam K, Ahmed SM, Brintz BJ, Khan AI, Taniuchi M, Platts-Mills JA, Qadri F, Leung DT. Derivation and External Validation of a Clinical Prediction Model for Viral Diarrhea Etiology in Bangladesh. Open Forum Infect Dis 2023; 10:ofad295. [PMID: 37404954 PMCID: PMC10316693 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Antibiotics are commonly overused for diarrheal illness in many low- and middle-income countries, partly due to a lack of diagnostics to identify viral cases, in which antibiotics are not beneficial. This study aimed to develop clinical prediction models to predict risk of viral-only diarrhea across all ages, using routinely collected demographic and clinical variables. Methods We used a derivation dataset from 10 hospitals across Bangladesh and a separate validation dataset from the icddr,b Dhaka Hospital. The primary outcome was viral-only etiology determined by stool quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Multivariable logistic regression models were fit and externally validated; discrimination was quantified using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and calibration assessed using calibration plots. Results Viral-only diarrhea was common in all age groups (<1 year, 41.4%; 18-55 years, 17.7%). A forward stepwise model had AUC of 0.82 (95% confidence interval [CI], .80-.84) while a simplified model with age, abdominal pain, and bloody stool had AUC of 0.81 (95% CI, .78-.82). In external validation, the models performed adequately although less robustly (AUC, 0.72 [95% CI, .70-.74]). Conclusions Prediction models consisting of 3 routinely collected variables can accurately predict viral-only diarrhea in patients of all ages in Bangladesh and may help support efforts to reduce inappropriate antibiotic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Chow Garbern
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | | | - Kamrul Islam
- Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Sharia M Ahmed
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Ben J Brintz
- Division of Epidemiology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | | | - Mami Taniuchi
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - James A Platts-Mills
- Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Firdausi Qadri
- Infectious Diseases Division, icddr,b, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Daniel T Leung
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Chigor VN, Chidebelu PE, Digwo DC, Chigor CB, Nwagwu AU, Udeh OS, Oguonu CI, Dibua MEU, Farkas K. Assessment of the aetiology of acute gastroenteritis outbreaks in infants reveals rotavirus, noroviruses and adenovirus prevalence and viral coinfections in Nsukka, Nigeria. Virusdisease 2023; 34:297-306. [PMID: 37408547 PMCID: PMC10317937 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-023-00821-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A better understanding of the aetiology of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) outbreaks in Southeast Nigeria would help safeguarding public health. This study screened stool samples collected from infants (children < 5 years of age) attending selected hospitals in Nsukka for human enteric viruses and evaluated the seasonality of AGE based on three-year records available at selected hospitals. A total of 120 stool samples (109 from diarrhoeal-patients and 11 from non-diarrhoeal patients, as control) collected during the AGE outbreaks of January - March 2019 and January-February 2020. The samples were analysed using an immunochromatographic lateral flow assay for differential qualitative detection of rotavirus (RoV), adenovirus (AdV), and norovirus genogroups I and II (NoVI, NoVII). Three-year (2017-2019) retrospective data on the cases of AGE reported at the hospitals were also collected and analysed. The overall prevalence of acute gastroenteritis was high (75.83%), with 13.19%representing viral co-infections. Rotavirus detection rate (69.17%) was higher than that for other viral agents (15.83%). Both mono- and mixed infections were observed for RoV, AdV and NoVII, whereas NoVI was detected only in co-infection cases. Analysis of risk factors showed that acute gastroenteritis was detected more often in infants of age ˂1 year (73.53%) than in those 1 ≤ 2 years (22.55%) or > 2 years (3.92%) in age. Gender and age were not associated with the cases of co-infections (p˂0.05). The seasonality data indicated one peak of the infection occurring in January 2017 which has decreased consecutively in the subsequent two years. These results demonstrate the prevalence and co-occurrence of enteric viruses in cases of infantile diarrhoea in Nsukka. Further molecular characterization of enteric virus strains, especially noroviruses, in this region would contribute significantly to global epidemiological data. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13337-023-00821-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent N. Chigor
- Water and Public Health Research Group (WPHRG), University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State Nigeria
| | - Paul E. Chidebelu
- Water and Public Health Research Group (WPHRG), University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State Nigeria
| | - Daniel C. Digwo
- Water and Public Health Research Group (WPHRG), University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State Nigeria
| | - Chinyere B. Chigor
- Water and Public Health Research Group (WPHRG), University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State Nigeria
| | - Aja U. Nwagwu
- Water and Public Health Research Group (WPHRG), University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State Nigeria
| | - Okwundu S. Udeh
- GOPD/Paediatrics, Faith Foundation Mission Hospital, Nsuk,Ka, Nsukka, Enugu State Nigeria
| | - Chukwunonso I. Oguonu
- GOPD/Paediatrics, Nsukka Medical Clinic, Ugwunkwo, Nsukka, Nsukka, Enugu State Nigeria
| | - Marie-Esther U. Dibua
- Water and Public Health Research Group (WPHRG), University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State Nigeria
| | - Kata Farkas
- School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Menai Bridge, Anglesey, UK
- School of Natural Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor, Gwynedd UK
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Sharif N, Ahmed SN, Sharif N, Alzahrani KJ, Alsuwat MA, Alzahrani FM, Khandaker S, Monifa NH, Okitsu S, Parvez AK, Ushijima H, Dey SK. High prevalence of norovirus GII.4 Sydney among children with acute gastroenteritis in Bangladesh, 2018-2021. J Infect Public Health 2023; 16:1015-1022. [PMID: 37178475 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Active molecular surveillance and rapid diagnosis method to track an outbreak of norovirus in Bangladesh is lacking. This study aims to determine the genotypic diversity, molecular epidemiology and evaluate a rapid diagnosis method. METHODS A total of 404 fecal specimens were collected from children aged below 60 months from January 2018 to December 2021. All samples were analyzed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction molecular sequencing of partial VP1 nucleotide. Immunochromatography kit (IC, IP Rota/Noro) was evaluated against reference test method. RESULTS We found norovirus in 6.7 % (27 of 404) fecal specimens. A wide diversity of norovirus genotype including GII.3, GII.4, GII.5, GII.6, GII.7, and GII.9 were detected. Norovirus strain GII.4 Sydney-2012 was the most predominant (74 %, 20 of 27) followed by GII.7 (7.4 %), GII.9 (7.4 %), GII.3 (3.7 %), GII.5 (3.7 %) and GII.6 (3.7 %), respectively. Co-infection of rotavirus and norovirus (19 [4.7 %] of 404) was the most prevalent. We found higher odds of prolonged health impact [OR 1.93 (95 % CI 0.87-3.12) (p = .001)] among patients with co-infection. The incidence of norovirus was significant among the children below 24 months (p = 0.001). Significant relation of temperature with the cases of norovirus was detected (p = 0.001). The IC kit provided high specificity (99.3 %) and sensitivity (100 %) for the detection of norovirus. CONCLUSIONS This study will provide an integrated insight on the genotypic diversity and rapid identification method of norovirus in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadim Sharif
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Shamsun Nahar Ahmed
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Nazmul Sharif
- Department of Mathematics, Rajshahi University of Engineering & Technology, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Khalid J Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meshari A Alsuwat
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fuad M Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shamim Khandaker
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Nuzhat Haque Monifa
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Shoko Okitsu
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Anowar Khasru Parvez
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Hiroshi Ushijima
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, Nihon University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuvra Kanti Dey
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh.
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The Effect of Virus-Specific Vaccination on Laboratory Infection Markers of Children with Rotavirus-Associated Acute Gastroenteritis. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11030580. [PMID: 36992164 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11030580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Rotavirus (RV) is one of the most common and important causes of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in newborns and children worldwide. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the RV vaccine on the natural history of RV infections using the neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet–lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and systemic immune inflammatory index (SII) as hematological indexes, clinical findings, and hospitalization. Method: Children aged 1 month to 5 years who were diagnosed with RV AGE between January 2015 and January 2022 were screened, and 630 patients were included in the study. The SII was calculated by the following formula: neutrophil × platelet/lymphocyte. Results: Fever and hospitalization were significantly higher and breastfeeding was significantly lower in the RV-unvaccinated group than in the RV-vaccinated group. The NLR, PLR, SII, and CRP were significantly higher in the RV-unvaccinated group (p < 0.05). The NLR, PLR, and SII were significantly higher both in the non-breastfed group than in the breastfed group and in the hospitalized group than in the not hospitalized group (p < 0.05). CRP was not significantly different in either the hospitalization group or the breastfeeding group (p > 0.05). SII and PLR were significantly lower in the RV-vaccinated group than in the RV-unvaccinated group in both the breastfed and non-breastfed subgroups. For NLR and CRP, while there was no significant difference according to RV vaccination status in the breastfed group, there was a significant difference in the non-breastfed group (p value: <0.001; <0.001). Conclusions: Despite the low level of vaccine coverage, the introduction of RV vaccination had a positive impact on the incidence of RV-positive AGE and related hospitalizations in children. These results showed that breastfed and vaccinated children were less prone to inflammation because their NLR, PLR, and SII ratios were lower. The vaccine does not prevent the disease 100%. However, it can prevent severe disease with exsiccation or death.
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Alzahrani KJ, Sharif N, Khan A, Banjer HJ, Parvez AK, Dey SK. Impact of meteorological factors and population density on COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103545. [PMID: 36575671 PMCID: PMC9783186 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2022.103545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmission and increase in cases and fatalities of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) are significantly influenced by the parameters of weather, human activities and population factors. However, study gap on the seasonality of COVID-19 and impact of environmental factors on the pandemic in Saudi Arabia is present. The main aim of the study is to evaluate the impact of environment on the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were analyzed from January 2020 to July 2021. The generalized estimating equation (GEE) was used to determine the effect of environmental variables on longitudinal outcomes. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (rs ) was used to analyze the impact of different parameters on the outcome of the pandemic. Multiple sequence alignment was performed by using ClustalW. Vaccination and fatalities (r s = -0.85) had the highest association followed by vaccination with cases (r s = -0.81) and population density with the fatalities (rs = 0.71). The growth rate had the highest correlation with sun hours (r s = -0.63). Isolates from variant of concern alpha and beta were detected. Most of the reference sequences in Saudi Arabia were closely related with B.1.427/429 variant. Clade GH (54%) was the most prevalent followed by O (27%), GR (9%), G (6%), and S (4%), respectively. Male to female patient ratio was 1.4:1. About 95% fatality and hospitalization were reported in patients aged >60 years. This study will create a comprehensive insight of the interaction of environmental factors and the pandemic and add knowledge on seasonality of COVID-19 in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid J. Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadim Sharif
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Afsana Khan
- Department of Statistics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Hamsa Jameel Banjer
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anowar Khasru Parvez
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Shuvra Kanti Dey
- Department of Microbiology, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh,Corresponding author
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Epidemiology of Group A rotavirus in rodents and shrews in Bangladesh. Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:29-38. [PMID: 35380357 PMCID: PMC8980207 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-09923-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Rodents and shrews live in close proximity to humans and have been identified as important hosts of zoonotic pathogens. This study aimed to detect Group A rotavirus (RVA) and its potential risk factors in rodents and shrews in Bangladesh. We captured 417 small mammals from 10 districts with a high degree of contact between people and domestic animals and collected rectal swab samples between June 2011 and October 2013. We tested the swab samples for RVA RNA, targeting the NSP3 gene segment using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). Overall, RVA prevalence was the same (6.7%) in both rodents and shrews. We detected RVA RNA in 5.3% of Bandicota bengalensis (4/76; 95% CI: 1.4-12.9), 5.1% of B. indica (4/79; 95% CI: 1.4-12.4), 18.2% of Mus musculus (4/22; 95% CI: 5.2-40.3), 6.7% of Rattus rattus (6/90; 95% CI: 2.5-13.9), and 6.7% of Suncus murinus (10/150; 95% CI: 3.2-11.9). We found significantly more RVA in males (10.4%; OR: 3.4; P = 0.007), animals with a poor body condition score (13.9%; OR: 2.7; P = 0.05), during wet season (8.3%; OR: 4.1; P = 0.032), and in urban land gradients (10.04%; OR: 2.9; P = 0.056). These findings form a basis for understanding the prevalence of rotaviruses circulating among rodents and shrews in this region. We recommend additional molecular studies to ascertain the genotype and zoonotic potential of RVA circulating in rodents and shrews in Bangladesh.
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Lu L, Zhong H, Jia R, Su L, Xu M, Cao L, Liu P, Ao Y, Dong N, Xu J. Prevalence and genotypes distribution of group A rotavirus among outpatient children under 5 years with acute diarrhea in Shanghai, China, 2012-2018. BMC Gastroenterol 2022; 22:217. [PMID: 35505284 PMCID: PMC9066839 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-022-02288-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Group A rotavirus (RVA) remains the main causative agent of acute diarrhea among children under five years in countries that have not yet introduced the RVA vaccine worldwide. Long-term and continuous monitoring data on RVA infection in outpatient children were lacking in Shanghai. We investigated the prevalence and distribution of RVA genotypes in outpatient children with acute diarrhea in Shanghai from 2012 to 2018. Methods Stool specimens of outpatient children under five years were collected from the Children’s Hospital of Fudan University in Shanghai, China. All the samples enrolled in this study were detected and characterized for the P and G genotypes of RVA were determined using the semi-multiplex RT-PCR technique. Results Of 1814 children enrolled with acute diarrhea and having specimens collected, 246 (13.6%) were infected with RVA. The highest frequency of RVA was observed in children younger than two years old (87.0%, 214/246). Year-round RVA transmission was observed and the RVA detection rate peaked every winter and troughed in summer. In this study, 12 different RVA strains were identified in children. G9P[8] (49.2%, 121/246) was detected as the most prevalent genotype, followed by G–P[8] (22.8%, 56/246), G3P[8] (11.4%, 28/246), and G9P- (4.9%, 12/246). Although RVA strains detected in this study varied with the time, G9P[8] has been the most predominant circulating genotype since 2012. Furthermore, 12.2% (30/246) RVA positive samples were co-infected with other diarrhea viruses. Conclusion The present analysis showed that RVA was still a major cause of children with acute diarrhea in Shanghai from 2012 to 2018. A great diversity of RVA strains circulated in children with acute diarrhea with G9P[8] being the predominant genotype since 2012. Long-term and continuous monitoring of RVA genotypes is therefore indispensable to refine future vaccine strategy in Shanghai.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijuan Lu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaqing Zhong
- Department of Pediatric Institute, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, 201102, People's Republic of China
| | - Ran Jia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, People's Republic of China
| | - Liyun Su
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, People's Republic of China
| | - Menghua Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingfeng Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengcheng Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyun Ao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, People's Republic of China
| | - Niuniu Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, 399 Wanyuan Road, Shanghai, 201102, People's Republic of China.
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Garbern SC, Nelson EJ, Nasrin S, Keita AM, Brintz BJ, Gainey M, Badji H, Nasrin D, Howard J, Taniuchi M, Platts-Mills JA, Kotloff KL, Haque R, Levine AC, Sow SO, Alam NH, Leung DT. External validation of a mobile clinical decision support system for diarrhea etiology prediction in children: a multicenter study in Bangladesh and Mali. eLife 2022; 11:72294. [PMID: 35137684 PMCID: PMC8903833 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Diarrheal illness is a leading cause of antibiotic use for children in low- and middle-income countries. Determination of diarrhea etiology at the point-of-care without reliance on laboratory testing has the potential to reduce inappropriate antibiotic use. Methods: This prospective observational study aimed to develop and externally validate the accuracy of a mobile software application ('App') for the prediction of viral-only etiology of acute diarrhea in children 0-59 months in Bangladesh and Mali. The App used a previously derived and internally validated model consisting of patient-specific ('present patient') clinical variables (age, blood in stool, vomiting, breastfeeding status, and mid-upper arm circumference) as well as location-specific viral diarrhea seasonality curves. The performance of additional models using the 'present patient' data combined with other external data sources including location-specific climate, data, recent patient data, and historical population-based prevalence were also evaluated in secondary analysis. Diarrhea etiology was determined with TaqMan Array Card using episode-specific attributable fraction (AFe) >0.5. Results: Of 302 children with acute diarrhea enrolled, 199 had etiologies above the AFe threshold. Viral-only pathogens were detected in 22% of patients in Mali and 63% in Bangladesh. Rotavirus was the most common pathogen detected (16% Mali; 60% Bangladesh). The present patient + viral seasonality model had an AUC of 0.754 (0.665-0.843) for the sites combined, with calibration-in-the-large α=-0.393 (-0.455 - -0.331) and calibration slope β=1.287 (1.207 - 1.367). By site, the present patient + recent patient model performed best in Mali with an AUC of 0.783 (0.705 - 0.86); the present patient + viral seasonality model performed best in Bangladesh with AUC 0.710 (0.595 - 0.825). Conclusion: The App accurately identified children with high likelihood of viral-only diarrhea etiology. Further studies to evaluate the App's potential use in diagnostic and antimicrobial stewardship are underway. Funding: Funding for this study was provided through grants from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (OPP1198876) and the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (R01AI135114). Several investigators were also partially supported by a grant from the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK116163). This investigation was also supported by the University of Utah Population Health Research (PHR) Foundation, with funding in part from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number UL1TR002538. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. The funders had no role in the study design, data collection, data analysis, interpretation of data, or in the writing or decision to submit the manuscript for publication.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric J Nelson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida, Gainesville, United States
| | - Sabiha Nasrin
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Ben J Brintz
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
| | - Monique Gainey
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, United States
| | - Henry Badji
- Center for Vaccine Development, Bamako, Mali
| | - Dilruba Nasrin
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Healt, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Joel Howard
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, United States
| | - Mami Taniuchi
- Department of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, United States
| | | | - Karen L Kotloff
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland, Baltimore, United States
| | - Rashidul Haque
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Adam C Levine
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Brown University, Providence, United States
| | - Samba O Sow
- Center for Vaccine Development, Bamako, Mali
| | - Nur Haque Alam
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Daniel T Leung
- Internal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), University of Utah, Salt Lake City, United States
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Lo M, Mitra S, De P, Banerjee A, Deb AK, Miyoshi SI, Manna A, Ghosh SK, Okamoto K, Dutta S, Chawla-Sarkar M. Genetic characterization and evolutionary analysis of norovirus genotypes circulating among children in eastern India during 2018-2019. Arch Virol 2021; 166:2989-2998. [PMID: 34383167 PMCID: PMC8358548 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05197-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Noroviruses are significant etiological agents of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) across all age groups, especially in children under 5 years of age. Although the prevalence of norovirus infection is known to have increased in various countries, in India there are few reports pertaining to the norovirus disease burden. We investigated the epidemiology and molecular characteristics of noroviruses in children seeking health care at two hospitals in Kolkata, Eastern India. Faecal specimens were collected between January 2018 and December 2019 from 2812 children under 5 years of age with acute gastroenteritis. Noroviruses were detected in 6.04% (170/2812) of the samples, and 12.9% (22/170) of these were cases of coinfection with rotavirus. Among children (≤5 years), a higher infection rate (8.2%, n = 94/1152) was observed in the 6 to 12 month age group. GII.4 Sydney 2012 was the dominant norovirus capsid genotype (n = 75/90, 83.3%), followed by GII.3 (n = 10/90, 11.1%). Other capsid types GII.13 (n = 4/90, 4.4%) and GII.17 (n = 1/90; 1.1%) were also detected at low frequency. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the GII.P16 polymerase of strains in this region clustered with those of the phylogenetically distinct monophyletic clade of GII.P16 strains, whose members have been circulating worldwide since 2014. Inter-genotypic norovirus recombinants such as GII.P16-GII.3 (n = 10) and GII.P16-GII.13 (n = 4) were also observed among the circulating strains. In comparison to previous studies from eastern India, the present study shows a higher detection rate of norovirus infection in the paediatric population suffering from acute gastroenteritis. Continuous surveillance is required for predicting the emergence of novel genotypes and recombinant strains and for future vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahadeb Lo
- Division of Virology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33, C.I.T. Road Scheme-XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700010, India
| | - Suvrotoa Mitra
- Division of Virology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33, C.I.T. Road Scheme-XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700010, India
| | - Papiya De
- Division of Virology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33, C.I.T. Road Scheme-XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700010, India
| | - Anindita Banerjee
- Division of Virology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33, C.I.T. Road Scheme-XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700010, India
| | - Alok Kumar Deb
- Division of Epidemiology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33, C.I.T. Road Scheme-XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700010, India
| | - Shin-Ichi Miyoshi
- Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.,Collaborative Research Centre of Okayama University for Infectious Disease, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33, C.I.T. Road Scheme-XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700010, India
| | - Asis Manna
- Infectious diseases and Beliaghata General (ID & BG) Hospital, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700010, India
| | - Sanat Kumar Ghosh
- Dr. B.C. Roy Post Graduate Institute of Pediatric Sciences, Kolkata, 700054, India
| | - Keinosuke Okamoto
- Collaborative Research Centre of Okayama University for Infectious Disease, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33, C.I.T. Road Scheme-XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700010, India
| | - Shanta Dutta
- Regional Virus Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33, C.I.T. Road Scheme-XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700010, India
| | - Mamta Chawla-Sarkar
- Division of Virology, ICMR-National Institute of Cholera and Enteric Diseases, P-33, C.I.T. Road Scheme-XM, Beliaghata, Kolkata, 700010, India.
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