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Zafar M, H Zaidi T, Zaidi NH, Ahmed MWN, Memon S, Ahmed F, Siddiqui A, Fatima A, Shahid A, Hussain B, Salam A. Attitude towards seeking professional help for mental health among medical students In Karachi, Pakistan. Future Sci OA 2024; 10:FSO916. [PMID: 38817368 PMCID: PMC11137801 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2023-0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: In Pakistan, seeking help for mental health is considered a social stigma and a large number of medical students are suffering from mental health. This study aimed to investigate the attitude toward seeking professional care for mental health issues among medical students. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a total of 316 students selected through multistage stratified cluster sampling. With each academic year 500 students were enrolled. Linear regression analysis was used to find the association of outcome and independent variables. Results: Around 56% of students had a negative attitude toward seeking professional help. Common predictors associated with a negative attitude were age (p < 0.001), academic year (p < 0.001) and with self-harm behavior (p < 0.001). Conclusion: University students generally had moderate intentions to seek counseling regarding mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mubashir Zafar
- Family and Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, University of Hail, Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Tafazzul H Zaidi
- Department of Community Medicine, Sindh Medical College, Jinnah Sind Medical university, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Nadira H Zaidi
- Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science & Technology, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad WN Ahmed
- Department of Community Medicine, Sindh Medical College, Jinnah Sind Medical university, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Memon
- Department of Community Medicine, Sindh Medical College, Jinnah Sind Medical university, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Faheem Ahmed
- Department of Community Medicine, Sindh Medical College, Jinnah Sind Medical university, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Amal Siddiqui
- Department of Community Medicine, Sindh Medical College, Jinnah Sind Medical university, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Abeen Fatima
- Department of Community Medicine, Sindh Medical College, Jinnah Sind Medical university, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Shahid
- Department of Community Medicine, Sindh Medical College, Jinnah Sind Medical university, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Balaj Hussain
- Department of Community Medicine, Sindh Medical College, Jinnah Sind Medical university, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Anosha Salam
- Department of Community Medicine, Sindh Medical College, Jinnah Sind Medical university, Karachi, Pakistan
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Ye Y, Deng T, Chen M, Huang B, Ji Y, Feng Y, Liu S, Zhang T, Zhang L. Relationship between affiliate stigma and family quality of life among parents of children with autism spectrum disorders: The mediating role of parenting self-efficacy. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2024; 49:23-31. [PMID: 38734451 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnu.2024.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The parents of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are under great pressure and experience discrimination in their daily lives, which affects their family quality of life (FQOL). OBJECTIVE METHODS: A total of 237 parents of children with ASD were recruited in a university-affiliated hospital in Guangzhou, China, from October 2020 to April 2021 by convenience sampling. The Affiliate Stigma Scale, Parenting Sense of Competence Scale and Beach Center Family Quality of Life Scale were employed for data collection. RESULTS The results showed that affiliate stigma negatively predicts total FQOL and the dimensions of FQOL through both a direct effect and an indirect effect through parenting self-efficacy. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that affiliate stigma is an important predictor of FQOL, and interventions to reduce affiliate stigma and strengthen parenting self-efficacy might be effective in improving FQOL in the parents of children with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Ye
- School of Nursing, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Deng
- School of Nursing, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miaoying Chen
- Child Development and Behavior Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baoqin Huang
- Gynecology and Pediatrics Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Ji
- Child Development and Behavior Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongshen Feng
- School of Nursing, The University of Hong Kong (HKU), Hong Kong
| | - Shaofei Liu
- School of Nursing, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Macao Polytechnic Institute, Macao
| | - Lifeng Zhang
- School of Nursing, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Gallimore JB, Gonzalez Diaz K, Gunasinghe C, Thornicroft G, Taylor Salisbury T, Gronholm PC. Impact of mental health stigma on help-seeking in the Caribbean: Systematic review. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291307. [PMID: 37699044 PMCID: PMC10497129 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health conditions often go untreated, which can lead to long-term poor emotional, social physical health and behavioural outcomes, and in some cases, suicide. Mental health-related stigma is frequently noted as a barrier to help seeking, however no previous systematic review has considered evidence from the Caribbean specifically. This systematic review aimed to address two research questions: (1) What is the impact of mental health stigma on help-seeking in the Caribbean? (2) What factors underlie the relationship between stigma and help-seeking in the Caribbean? METHODS A systematic search was conducted across six electronic databases (Medline, Embase, Global Health, PsychInfo, Scopus and LILACS). The search included articles published up to May 2022. Experts in the field were consulted to provide publication recommendations and references of included studies were checked. Data synthesis comprised of three components: a narrative synthesis of quantitative findings, a thematic analysis of qualitative findings, and a meta-synthesis combining these results. RESULTS The review included nine articles (reflecting eight studies) totaling 1256 participants. A conceptual model was derived from the meta-synthesis, identifying three themes in relation to mental health stigma and help-seeking in the Caribbean: (i) Making sense of mental health conditions'; (ii) Anticipated/Experienced stigma-related experiences and (iii) Individual characteristics. CONCLUSION This review provides insights into the relationship between mental health stigma and help-seeking in the Caribbean based upon the current research evidence. This can be applied in the design of culturally appropriate future research, and to support policy and practice towards stigma reduction, and improved mental care help-seeking in the Caribbean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jay-Bethenny Gallimore
- Centre for Global Mental Health, Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Katya Gonzalez Diaz
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Cerisse Gunasinghe
- Department of Psychology, City University of London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Graham Thornicroft
- Centre for Global Mental Health, Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Implementation Science, Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tatiana Taylor Salisbury
- Centre for Global Mental Health, Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Petra C Gronholm
- Centre for Global Mental Health, Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Implementation Science, Health Service and Population Research Department, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Duden GS, Reiter J, Paswerg A, Weibelzahl S. Mental health of healthcare professionals during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic: a comparative investigation from the first and second pandemic years. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e067244. [PMID: 36948559 PMCID: PMC10039975 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-067244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Healthcare staff have been facing particular mental health challenges during the COVID-19-pandemic. Building on a first study at the beginning of the pandemic in March 2020, we aimed to investigate among healthcare professionals in Germany and Austria (1) how mental health may have changed in professionals over the course of the ongoing pandemic, (2) whether there are differences between different professional groups regarding mental health, (3) which stress factors may explain these mental health outcomes and (4) whether help-seeking behaviour is related to caretaker self-image or team climate. Between March and June 2021, N=639 healthcare professionals completed an online survey including the ICD-10 Symptom Rating checklist, event-sampling questions on pandemic-related stressors and self-formulated questions on help-seeking behaviour and team climate. Findings were analysed using t-tests, regressions and comparisons to a sample of healthcare professionals assessed in 2020 as well as to norm samples. Results show that mental health symptoms, particularly for depression and anxiety, persist among healthcare staff in the second pandemic year, that symptom prevalence rates are higher among nursing staff compared with physicians and paramedics and that team climate is associated with mental health outcomes. Implications of these findings in relation to the persisting pandemic and its aftermath are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gesa S Duden
- Department of Community Psychology, FernUniversitat in Hagen, Hagen, Germany
| | - Julia Reiter
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Angela Paswerg
- Department of Psychology, PFH Private University of Applied Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stephan Weibelzahl
- Department of Psychology, PFH Private University of Applied Sciences, Göttingen, Germany
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Zimmermann BM, Willem T, Bredthauer CJ, Buyx A. Ethical Issues in Social Media Recruitment for Clinical Studies: Ethical Analysis and Framework. J Med Internet Res 2022; 24:e31231. [PMID: 35503247 PMCID: PMC9115665 DOI: 10.2196/31231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social media recruitment for clinical studies holds the promise of being a cost-effective way of attracting traditionally marginalized populations and promoting patient engagement with researchers and a particular study. However, using social media for recruiting clinical study participants also poses a range of ethical issues. OBJECTIVE This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the ethical benefits and risks to be considered for social media recruitment in clinical studies and develop practical recommendations on how to implement these considerations. METHODS On the basis of established principles of clinical ethics and research ethics, we reviewed the conceptual and empirical literature for ethical benefits and challenges related to social media recruitment. From these, we derived a conceptual framework to evaluate the eligibility of social media use for recruitment for a specific clinical study. RESULTS We identified three eligibility criteria for social media recruitment for clinical studies: information and consent, risks for target groups, and recruitment effectiveness. These criteria can be used to evaluate the implementation of a social media recruitment strategy at its planning stage. We have discussed the practical implications of these criteria for researchers. CONCLUSIONS The ethical challenges related to social media recruitment are context sensitive. Therefore, social media recruitment should be planned rigorously, taking into account the target group, the appropriateness of social media as a recruitment channel, and the resources available to execute the strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina M Zimmermann
- Institute of History and Ethics in Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Institute for Biomedical Ethics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Theresa Willem
- Institute of History and Ethics in Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Science, Technology and Society, School of Social Sciences and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Carl Justus Bredthauer
- Institute of History and Ethics in Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alena Buyx
- Institute of History and Ethics in Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Chang WH, Lai AG. Cumulative burden of psychiatric disorders and self-harm across 26 adult cancers. Nat Med 2022; 28:860-870. [PMID: 35347280 PMCID: PMC9018408 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-022-01740-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a life-altering event causing considerable psychological distress. However, information on the total burden of psychiatric disorders across all common adult cancers and therapy exposures has remained scarce. Here, we estimated the risk of self-harm after incident psychiatric disorder diagnosis in patients with cancer and the risk of unnatural deaths after self-harm in 459,542 individuals. Depression was the most common psychiatric disorder in patients with cancer. Patients who received chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery had the highest cumulative burden of psychiatric disorders. Patients treated with alkylating agent chemotherapeutics had the highest burden of psychiatric disorders, whereas those treated with kinase inhibitors had the lowest burden. All mental illnesses were associated with an increased risk of subsequent self-harm, where the highest risk was observed within 12 months of the mental illness diagnosis. Patients who harmed themselves were 6.8 times more likely to die of unnatural causes of death compared with controls within 12 months of self-harm (hazard ratio (HR), 6.8; 95% confidence interval (CI), 4.3-10.7). The risk of unnatural death after 12 months was markedly lower (HR, 2.0; 95% CI, 1.5-2.7). We provide an extensive knowledge base to help inform collaborative cancer-psychiatric care initiatives by prioritizing patients who are most at risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Hoong Chang
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alvina G Lai
- Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK.
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