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Dhaliwal SS, Sharma V, Shukla AK, Verma V, Kaur M, Singh P, Gaber A, Hossain A. Effect of addition of organic manures on basmati yield, nutrient content and soil fertility status in north-western India. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14514. [PMID: 36967980 PMCID: PMC10031471 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Integrated use of chemical fertilizers with organic manure is becoming a quite promising practice to maintain higher crop productivity and to manage soil health, which is otherwise deteriorated due to intensive cultivation and imbalanced fertilizer use. Thus, the present experiment was conducted for combined application of inorganic fertilizers and organic manures for higher yield and nutrient uptake in basmati rice as well as to restore soil health. The treatments applied in the present study involve T1: control, T2: Farmyard manure (15 t ha-1), T3: Poultry manure (6 t ha-1), T4: Press mud (15 t ha-1), T5: Rice straw compost (6 t ha-1), T6: Farmyard manure (15 t ha-1) + 50% N (recommended dose of nitrogen), T7: Poultry manure (6 t ha-1) + 50% N, T8: Press mud (15 t ha-1) + 50% N, T9: Rice straw compost (6 t ha-1) + 50% N, T10: 75% N, T11: Farmyard manure (15 t ha1) + 75% N, T12: Poultry manure (6 t ha-1) + 75% N, T13: Press mud (15 t ha-1) + 75% N, T14: Rice straw compost (6 t ha-1) + 75% N, T15: 100% N. The integrated use of organic manures and inorganic fertilizers significantly increased the grain and straw yield, macronutrients as well as micronutrients uptake in basmati due to the release of nutrients from decomposition of organic manures. Among different treatments, the addition of PM+75% N showed maximum grain yield, straw yield and sustainability yield index (44.53 q ha-1, 89.67 q ha-1 and 0.91 respectively) as well as the highest uptake of nitrogen (58.29 and 65.39 kg ha-1), phosphorus (25.04 and 23.24 kg ha-1) and potassium (15.26 and 118.95 kg ha-1) in grain and straw, respectively. Similar results were observed for zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) uptake under treatment involving PM+75% N with values 183.9, 26.18, 339.3 and 355.8 g ha-1 in grain and 205.3, 25.62, 2627.3 and 278 g ha-1 in straw, respectively. Additionally, correlation studies showed that the grain and straw yield of basmati exhibited a significantly positive correlation with soil P, Cu and Fe. The study suggested that the partial substitution of inorganic fertilizers with organic manures did not lower crop yield and nutrient uptake. Thus, integrated application of organic and inorganic fertilizers can be used for the sustainability of basmati-wheat system and to retain the soil fertility which is otherwise deteriorated with sole use of inorganic fertilizers.
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2
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Dawar K, Khan AA, Jahangir MM, Mian IA, Khan B, Ahmad B, Fahad S, Moustafa M, Al-Shehri M, Mubashir M, Datta R, Danish S. Effect of Nitrogen in Combination with Different Levels of Sulfur on Wheat Growth and Yield. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:279-288. [PMID: 36643484 PMCID: PMC9835628 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
As macronutrients, management of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) is prime in importance when wheat is cultivated. Both have a significant impact on the improvement of growth and yield attributes. In addition, S and N also play an imperative role in the enhancement of seed protein contents. However, the need of the time is the selection of their optimum application rate for the achievement of maximum wheat productivity. That is why the current study was planned to examine the impact of variable application rates of S and N on wheat. There are 12 treatments, i.e., control (no nitrogen (0N) + no sulfur (0S)), 40 kg/ha N (40N + 0S), 80 kg/ha N (80N + 0S), 120 kg/ha N (120N + 0S), 30 kg/ha sulfur (30S), 40N + 30S, 80N + 30S, 120N + 30S, 60 kg/ha sulfur (60S), 40N + 60S, 80N + 60S, and 120N + 60S, applied in three replications. The results showed that plant height, grains/spike, spike/m2, and 1000 grain weight were significantly improved by the addition of 120N + 60S. A significant enhancement of grain N contents, N uptake, and protein contents of wheat validated the efficient role of 120N + 60S over 0N and 0S. In conclusion, 120N + 60S is a better treatment for the achievement of maximum wheat yield. More investigations under variable soil textures and climatic conditions are suggested under different climates to declare 120N + 60S as the best amendment for wheat growth and yield improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadim Dawar
- Department
of Soil and Environmental Science, The University
of Agriculture, Peshawar, Peshawar25130, Pakistan
| | - Aftab Ahmed Khan
- Department
of Soil and Environmental Science, The University
of Agriculture, Peshawar, Peshawar25130, Pakistan
| | | | - Ishaq Ahmad Mian
- Department
of Soil and Environmental Science, The University
of Agriculture, Peshawar, Peshawar25130, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Khan
- Department
of Environmental Sciences, University of
Peshawar, Peshawar25120, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Bashir Ahmad
- Department
of Plant Protection, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar25130, Pakistan
| | - Shah Fahad
- Department
of Agronomy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan23200, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - Mahmoud Moustafa
- Department
of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Khalid
University, Abha61413, Saudi Arabia
- Department
of Botany and Microbiology, Faculty of Science, South Valley University, Qena83523, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Al-Shehri
- Department
of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Khalid
University, Abha61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Mubashir
- Soil
and Water Testing Laboratory for Research, Multan60000, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Rahul Datta
- Department
of Geology and Pedology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 61300Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Subhan Danish
- Department
of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan60000, Punjab, Pakistan
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3
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Retraction: Deep placement of nitrogen fertilizer improves yield, nitrogen use efficiency and economic returns of transplanted fine rice. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275942. [PMID: 36269693 PMCID: PMC9586343 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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4
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Oyetunji O, Bolan N, Hancock G. A comprehensive review on enhancing nutrient use efficiency and productivity of broadacre (arable) crops with the combined utilization of compost and fertilizers. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 317:115395. [PMID: 35751241 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Broadacre (arable) crops generally require a relatively higher nutrient input toward yield targets. The efficient use of nutrients in arable farmlands is very vital to this endeavor. It minimizes fertilizer input and adverse soil and environmental implications that may arise from the incremental use of fertilizers. It is understood that enhancing the natural capacity of the soil (i.e., the soil's physical, chemical, and biological quality), may effectively improve soil nutrient dynamics, availability, and efficient use by crops. The adoption of integrated nutrient management (INM) approaches such as the organic amendment of the soil in addition to fertilizer use has shown positive impacts on maintaining and recovering soil quality, hence lowering excessive fertilizer use in farmlands. Therefore, this review contextualized the effect of compost and fertilizer on nutrient use efficiency (NUE) and productivity of broadacre crops. The use of compost as an organic soil amendment material has shown some inherently unique advantages and beneficial impacts on soil health and fertility such as improved soil structure, nutrient retention, mobilization, and bioavailability. Several studies have explored these comparative advantages by either blending compost with chemical fertilizer before soil application or a co-application and have noted the observed amelioration of unfavorable soil conditions such as low porosity, high bulk density, low organic matter (OM), unfavorable pH, and cation exchange capacity (CEC), low biological activities with different doses of compost. Consequently, the co-utilization of composts and chemical fertilizers may become viable substitutes for chemical fertilizers in maintaining soil fertility, improving NUE, and crop yield in farmlands. The review further described the comparative environmental and economic implications of adopting the combined utilization of compost and fertilizers in farmlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwadunsin Oyetunji
- Global Innovative Centre for Advanced Nanomaterials, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia; CRC for High Performance Soils, Callaghan, Australia.
| | - Nanthi Bolan
- UWA School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia; The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia
| | - Greg Hancock
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and Environment, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, 2308, Australia
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5
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Raza A, Ejaz S, Saleem MS, Hejnak V, Ahmad F, Ahmed MAA, Alotaibi SS, El-Shehawi AM, Alsubeie MS, Zuan ATK. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria improve growth and yield related attributes of chili under low nitrogen availability. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261468. [PMID: 34919599 PMCID: PMC8683023 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) is a macronutrient desired by crop plants in large quantities. However, hiking fertilizer prices need alternative N sources for reducing its requirements through appropriate management practices. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are well-known for their role in lowering N requirements of crop plants. This study assessed the impact of PGPR inoculation on growth, allometry and biochemical traits of chili under different N doses. Two PGPR, i.e., Azospirillum 'Er-20' (nitrogen fixing) and Agrobacterium 'Ca-18' (phosphorous solubilizing) were used for inoculation, while control treatment had no PGPR inoculation. Six N doses, i.e., 100, 80, 75, 70, 60 and 50% of the N required by chili were included in the study. Data relating to growth traits, biochemical attributes and yield related traits were recorded. Interaction among N doses and PGPR inoculation significantly altered all growth traits, biochemical attributes and yield related traits. The highest values of the recorded traits were observed for 100% N with and without PGPR inoculation and 75% N with PGPR inoculation. The lowest values of the recorded traits were noted for 50% N without PGPR inoculation. The PGPR inoculation improved the measured traits compared to the traits recorded noted in same N dose without PGPR inoculation. Results revealed that PGPR had the potential to lower 25% N requirement for chili. Therefore, it is recommended that PGPR must be used in chili cultivation to lower N requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Raza
- Department of Horticulture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Shaghef Ejaz
- Department of Horticulture, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | | | - Vaclav Hejnak
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Furqan Ahmad
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, MNS University of Agriculture Multan, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Mohamed A. A. Ahmed
- Plant Production Department (Horticulture—Medicinal and Aromatic Plants), Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Saqer S. Alotaibi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. El-Shehawi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moodi Saham Alsubeie
- Biology Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Tan Kee Zuan
- Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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6
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Optimizing nitrogen supply promotes biomass, physiological characteristics and yield components of soybean ( Glycine max L. Merr.). Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:6209-6217. [PMID: 34759741 PMCID: PMC8568722 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.06.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Avoidable or inappropriate nitrogen (N) fertilizer rates harmfully affect the yield production and ecological value. Therefore, the aims of this study were to optimize the rate and timings of N fertilizer to maximize yield components and photosynthetic parameter of soybean. This field experiment consists of five fertilizer N rates: 0, 75, 150, 225 and 300 kg N ha−1 arranged in main plots and four N fertilization timings: V5 (trifoliate leaf), R2 (full flowering stage) and R4 (full poding stage), and R6 (full seeding stage) growth stages organized as subplots. Results revealed that 225 kg N ha−1 significantly enhanced grain yield components, total chlorophyll (Chl), photosynthetic rate (PN), and total dry biomass and N accumulation by 20%, 16%, 28%, 7% and 12% at R4 stage of soybean. However, stomatal conductance (gs), leaf area index (LAI), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) and transpiration rate (E) were increased by 12%, 88%, 10%, 18% at R6 stage under 225 kg N ha−1. Grain yield was significantly associated with photosynthetic characteristics of soybean. In conclusion, the amount of nitrogen 225 kg ha−1 at R4 and R6 stages effectively promoted the yield components and photosynthetic characteristics of soybean.
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Key Words
- Ci, intercellular CO2 concentration
- DW, dry weight
- E, transpiration rate
- GM, grain mass
- GNP, grain number per pod
- GY, grain yield
- Grain yield
- J, journal
- LAI, leaf area index
- Nitrogen rates
- PN, photosynthetic rate
- PNP, pod number per plant
- PPFD, photosynthetic photon flux density
- Photosynthetic characteristics
- R2, R4 and R6, reproductive stage
- TCC, total chlorophyll contents
- TN, total nitrogen
- Timing
- V5, Vegetative stage of five trifoliate leaf
- g, grams
- gs, stomatal conductance
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7
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Hussain A, Khan MI, Albaqami M, Mahpara S, Noorka IR, Ahmed MAA, Aljuaid BS, El-Shehawi AM, Liu Z, Farooq S, Zuan ATK. CaWRKY30 Positively Regulates Pepper Immunity by Targeting CaWRKY40 against Ralstonia solanacearum Inoculation through Modulating Defense-Related Genes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222112091. [PMID: 34769521 PMCID: PMC8584995 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222112091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The WRKY transcription factors (TFs) network is composed of WRKY TFs’ subset, which performs a critical role in immunity regulation of plants. However, functions of WRKY TFs’ network remain unclear, particularly in non-model plants such as pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). This study functionally characterized CaWRKY30—a member of group III Pepper WRKY protein—for immunity of pepper against Ralstonia solanacearum infection. The CaWRKY30 was detected in nucleus, and its transcriptional expression levels were significantly upregulated by R. solanacearum inoculation (RSI), and foliar application ethylene (ET), abscisic acid (ABA), and salicylic acid (SA). Virus induced gene silencing (VIGS) of CaWRKY30 amplified pepper’s vulnerability to RSI. Additionally, the silencing of CaWRKY30 by VIGS compromised HR-like cell death triggered by RSI and downregulated defense-associated marker genes, like CaPR1, CaNPR1, CaDEF1, CaABR1, CaHIR1, and CaWRKY40. Conversely, transient over-expression of CaWRKY30 in pepper leaves instigated HR-like cell death and upregulated defense-related maker genes. Furthermore, transient over-expression of CaWRKY30 upregulated transcriptional levels of CaWRKY6, CaWRKY22, CaWRKY27, and CaWRKY40. On the other hand, transient over-expression of CaWRKY6, CaWRKY22, CaWRKY27, and CaWRKY40 upregulated transcriptional expression levels of CaWRKY30. The results recommend that newly characterized CaWRKY30 positively regulates pepper’s immunity against Ralstonia attack, which is governed by synergistically mediated signaling by phytohormones like ET, ABA, and SA, and transcriptionally assimilating into WRKY TFs networks, consisting of CaWRKY6, CaWRKY22, CaWRKY27, and CaWRKY40. Collectively, our data will facilitate to explicate the underlying mechanism of crosstalk between pepper’s immunity and response to RSI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansar Hussain
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan 32200, Pakistan; (A.H.); (M.I.K.); (S.M.); (I.R.N.)
| | - Muhammad Ifnan Khan
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan 32200, Pakistan; (A.H.); (M.I.K.); (S.M.); (I.R.N.)
| | - Mohammed Albaqami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Shahzadi Mahpara
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan 32200, Pakistan; (A.H.); (M.I.K.); (S.M.); (I.R.N.)
| | - Ijaz Rasool Noorka
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan 32200, Pakistan; (A.H.); (M.I.K.); (S.M.); (I.R.N.)
| | - Mohamed A. A. Ahmed
- Plant Production Department (Horticulture—Medicinal and Aromatic Plants), Faculty of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria 21531, Egypt;
| | - Bandar S. Aljuaid
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (B.S.A.); (A.M.E.-S.)
| | - Ahmed M. El-Shehawi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia; (B.S.A.); (A.M.E.-S.)
| | - Zhiqin Liu
- College of Crop Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350001, China
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (A.T.K.Z.)
| | - Shahid Farooq
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Harran University, Şanlıurfa 63050, Turkey;
| | - Ali Tan Kee Zuan
- Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (Z.L.); (A.T.K.Z.)
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8
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Jabborova D, Annapurna K, Al-Sadi AM, Alharbi SA, Datta R, Zuan ATK. Biochar and Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi mediated enhanced drought tolerance in Okra ( Abelmoschus esculentus) plant growth, root morphological traits and physiological properties. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:5490-5499. [PMID: 34588859 PMCID: PMC8459127 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Drought is a major abiotic factor limiting plant growth and crop production. There is limited information on effect of interaction between biochar and Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on okra growth, root morphological traits and soil enzyme activities under drought stress. We studied the influence of biochar and AMF on the growth of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) in pot experiments in a net house under drought condition. The results showed that the biochar treatment significantly increased plant growth (the plant height by 14.2%, root dry weight by 30.0%) and root morphological traits (projected area by 22.3% and root diameter by 22.7%) under drought stress. In drought stress, biochar treatment significantly enhanced the chlorophyll 'a' content by 32.7%, the AMF spore number by 22.8% and the microbial biomass as compared to the control. Plant growth parameters such as plant height, shoot and root dry weights significantly increased by AMF alone, by 16.6%, 21.0% and 40.0% respectively under drought condition. Other plant biometrics viz: the total root length, the root volume, the projected area and root diameter improved significantly with the application of AMF alone by 38.3%, 60.0%,16.8% and 15.9% respectively as compared with control. Compared to the control, AMF treatment alone significantly enhanced the total chlorophyll content by 36.6%, the AMF spore number by 39.0% and the microbial biomass by 29.0% under drought condition. However, the highest values of plant growth parameters (plant height, shoot dry weight, root dry weight) and root morphological traits (the total root length, root volume, projected area, root surface area) were observed in the combined treatment of biochar and AMF treatment viz: 31.9%, 34.2%, 60.0% and 68.6%, 66.6%, 45.5%, 41.8%, respectively compared to the control under drought stress. The nitrogen content, total chlorophyll content and microbial biomass increased over un-inoculated control. The soil enzymes; alkaline phosphatase, dehydrogenase and fluorescein diacetate enzyme activities significantly increased in the combined treatment by 55.8%, 68.7% and 69.5%, respectively as compared to the control under drought stress. We conclude that biochar and AMF together is potentially beneficial for cultivation of okra in drought stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilfuza Jabborova
- Institute of Genetics and Plant Experimental Biology, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Kannepalli Annapurna
- Division of Microbiology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Abdullah M. Al-Sadi
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, AlKhoud 123, Muscat, Oman
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rahul Datta
- Department of Geology and Pedology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska1, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ali Tan Kee Zuan
- Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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9
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Saleem Kubar M, Feng M, Sayed S, Hussain Shar A, Ali Rind N, Ullah H, Ali Kalhoro S, Xie Y, Yang C, Yang W, Ali Kalhoro F, Gasparovic K, Barboricova M, Brestic M, El Askary A, El-Sharnouby M. Agronomical traits associated with yield and yield components of winter wheat as affected by nitrogen managements. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:4852-4858. [PMID: 34466058 PMCID: PMC8381048 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitrogen fertilizer is one of the key elements to increase the yield and significance of winter wheat. The experiment was established in the split zone design and was repeated three times. The nitrogen application level is set to 4 treatments, 75, 150, 225 and 300 kg ha-1 are arranged in the main plot, and different nitrogen application ratios are arranged in the sub-plots, respectively 5:5 (50%+50%) and 6: 4 (60%) + 40%). Nitrogen fertilizer was applied before sowing, jointing stage, flowering stage and filling stage. The experimental plot is 12 m2 (3 m × 4 m). The results showed that under the conditions of 225 kg/hm2 nitrogen application and 60%+40% nitrogen application rate, the yield of Jintai 182 was the highest compared with other treatment groups. With the increase of nitrogen application rate, the number of ears, grains per ear, thousand-grain weight and grain yield all increase first and then decrease. Each factor reached the highest 225 N kg / hm2, 417.17, 30.74, 40.96 g and 6182.11 kg / hm2. Compared with 75 kg/hm2 topdressing fertilizer, 225 kg/hm2 is a more suitable nitrogen fertilizer application rate for winter wheat. Within a reasonable range of nitrogen fertilizer application, there is a significant positive correlation between nitrogen content and winter wheat yield. By studying the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and a reasonable ratio of base fertilizer to topdressing, the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer can be maximized and excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer can be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meichen Feng
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, PR China
| | - Samy Sayed
- Department of Science and Technology, University College-Ranyah, Taif University, B.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Akhtar Hussain Shar
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Faculty of Science & Technology, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Shaheed Benazirabad, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Nadir Ali Rind
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Faculty of Science & Technology, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Shaheed Benazirabad, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Hidayat Ullah
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Faculty of Science & Technology, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Shaheed Benazirabad, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Shahmir Ali Kalhoro
- Faculty of Agriculture, Lasbela University of Agriculture, Water and Marine Sciences, Uthal 90150, Baluchistan, Pakistan
| | - Yongkai Xie
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, PR China
| | - Chenbo Yang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, PR China
| | - Wude Yang
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, PR China
| | - Fahad Ali Kalhoro
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty Crop Production, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan
| | - Kristina Gasparovic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, A.Hlinku 2, 94976, Slovakia
| | - Maria Barboricova
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, A.Hlinku 2, 94976, Slovakia
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, A.Hlinku 2, 94976, Slovakia
| | - Ahmad El Askary
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed El-Sharnouby
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Younas M, Zou H, Laraib T, Abbas W, Akhtar MW, Aslam MN, Amrao L, Hayat S, Abdul Hamid T, Hameed A, Ayaz Kachelo G, Elseehy MM, El-Shehawi AM, Zuan ATK, Li Y, Arif M. The influence of vermicomposting on photosynthetic activity and productivity of maize (Zea mays L.) crop under semi-arid climate. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256450. [PMID: 34432836 PMCID: PMC8386841 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Food production and waste recycling are the two major issues faced globally with rapidly increasing population. Recycling organic wastes to crop amendments could be a possible solution to these issues. Earthworms transfer organic waste to compost, which is used to grow crops and increase crop productivity. This study assessed the impact of vermicompost produced from the residues of six desert plant species, i.e., (Ziziphus mauritiana, Aerva javanica, Calligonum comosum, Sacchrum benghalens, Calligonum polygonoides and Prosopis cineraria) combined with farmyard manure (5 t ha-1) on growth, yield and photosynthetic activity of maize crop. Earthworm species Eisenia fetida (Savigny, 1826) was used to prepare vermicomposting of all tested plant species. The desert species were collected from natural habitats, chopped, dried, mixed with FYM and then earthworms were released to prepare the vermicompost. The earthworms were excluded twenty days after release and resultant was considered as compost and used in the experiment. Results revealed that application of P. cineraria vermicompost resulted in the highest plant height (75.33 cm), stem diameter (22.66 mm), cob length (17.66 cm), number of grains/cob (374.67), 1000-grain weight (260.41 g) and grains yield (3.20 t/ha). Application of P. cineraria vermicompost resulted in the highest uptake of macronutrients, i.e., N (91.01%), P (22.07%), K (80.41%), micronutrients, i.e., Fe (19.07 ppm), Zn (40.05 ppm), and phenolic contents (150). Application of P. cineraria vermicompost also resulted in the highest quantum photosynthetic yield (0.42 mole C/mole of photon), chlorophyll florescence (355.18 moles of photon m-2s-1) and electron transport rate (310.18 micro mole m-2s-1). It is concluded that vermicomposting has the potential to improve growth and yield of maize crop. Particularly, application of vermicompost obtained from P. cineraria can be used to improve the growth and yield of maize crop. Nonetheless, field trials are necessary for a wide scale recommendation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Younas
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Huasong Zou
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fujian, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tasmia Laraib
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Waseem Abbas
- Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Waqar Akhtar
- Department of Soil Science, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naveed Aslam
- Department of Plant Pathology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Luqman Amrao
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Shoukat Hayat
- Department of Forestry, Department of Forestry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Tariq Abdul Hamid
- Assistant Director, office of Deputy Director of Agriculture, Pest Warning & Quality Control of Pesticides (PW&QCP) Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Akhtar Hameed
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Ghalib Ayaz Kachelo
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Mona M. Elseehy
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. El-Shehawi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Tan Kee Zuan
- Department of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- * E-mail: (ATKZ); (YL); (MA)
| | - Yunzhou Li
- Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
- * E-mail: (ATKZ); (YL); (MA)
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Department of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- * E-mail: (ATKZ); (YL); (MA)
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11
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Bashri G, Singh S, Prasad SM, Ansari MJ, Usmani S, Alfarraj S, Alharbi SA, Brestic M. Kinetin mitigates Cd-induced damagesto growth, photosynthesis and PS II photochemistry of Trigonella seedlings by up-regulating ascorbate-glutathione cycle. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0249230. [PMID: 34157031 PMCID: PMC8219128 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokinins (CKs) plays a key role in plant adaptation over a range of different stress conditions. Here, we analyze the effects of a cytokinin (i.e., kinetin, KN) on the growth, photosynthesis (rate of O2 evolution), PS II photochemistry and AsA-GSH cycle in Trigonella seedlings grown under cadmium (Cd) stress. Trigonella seeds were sown in soil amended with 0, 3 and 9 mg Cd kg-1 soil, and after 15 days resultant seedlings were sprayed with three doses of KN, i.e.,10 μM (low, KNL), 50 μM (medium, KNM) and 100 μM (high, KNH); subsequent experiments were performed after 15 days of KN application, i.e., 30 days after sowing. Cadmium toxicity induced oxidative damage as shown by decreased seedling growth and photosynthetic pigment production (Chl a, Chl b and Car), rates of O2-evolution, and photochemistry of PS II of Trigonella seedlings, all accompanied by an increase in H2O2 accumulation. Supplementation with doses of KN at KNL and KNM significantly improved the growth and photosynthetic activity by reducing H2O2 accumulation through the up-regulation AsA-GSH cycle. Notably, KNL and KNM doses stimulated the rate of enzyme activities of APX, GR and DHAR, involved in the AsA-GSH cycle thereby efficiently regulates the level of AsA and GSH in Trigonella grown under Cd stress. The study concludes that KN can mitigate the damaging effects of Cd stress on plant growth by maintaining the redox status (>ratios: AsA/DHA and GSH/GSSG) of cells through the regulation of AsA-GSH cycle at 10 and 50 μM KN under Cd stress conditions. At 100 μM KN, the down-regulation of AsA-GSH cycle did not support the growth and PS II activity of the test seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gausiya Bashri
- Department of Botany, Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
- * E-mail: (GB); (SMP); (MJA)
| | - Shikha Singh
- Department of Botany, Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
| | - Sheo Mohan Prasad
- Department of Botany, Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
- * E-mail: (GB); (SMP); (MJA)
| | - Mohammad Javed Ansari
- Department of Botany, Hindu College Moradabad, Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University, Bareilly, India
- * E-mail: (GB); (SMP); (MJA)
| | - Salma Usmani
- Department of Biochemistry, D.K.M College for Women (Autonomous), Vellore, India
| | - Saleh Alfarraj
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
- Department of Botany & Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Marian Brestic
- Department of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, Nitra, Slovakia
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