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Xiao H, Ma C, Peng R, Xie M. Insights into the role of non-coding RNAs in the development of insecticide resistance in insects. Front Genet 2024; 15:1429411. [PMID: 39036703 PMCID: PMC11257933 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1429411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Pest control heavily relies on chemical pesticides has been going on for decades. However, the indiscriminate use of chemical pesticides often results in the development of resistance in pests. Almost all pests have developed some degree of resistance to pesticides. Research showed that the mechanisms of insecticide resistance in insects encompass metabolic resistance, behavioral resistance, penetration resistance and target-site resistance. Research on the these mechanisms has been mainly focused on the cis-regulatory or trans-regulatory for the insecticide resistance-related genes, with less attention paid to non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNA (miRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), and circular RNA (circRNA). There has been increased studies focus on understanding how these ncRNAs are involved in post-transcriptional regulation of insecticide resistance-related genes. Besides, the formatted endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory networks (lncRNA/circRNA-miRNA-mRNA) has been identified as a key player in governing insect resistance formation. This review delves into the functions and underlying mechanisms of miRNA, lncRNA, and circRNA in regulating insect resistance. ncRNAs orchestrate insect resistance by modulating the expression of detoxification enzyme genes, insecticide target genes, as well as receptor genes, effectively regulating both target-site, metabolic and penetration resistance in insects. It also explores the regulatory mechanisms of ceRNA networks in the development of resistance. By enhancing our understanding of the mechanisms of ncRNAs in insecticide resistance, it will not only provide valuable insights into the new mechanisms of insecticide resistance but also help to enrich new directions in ncRNAs gene regulation research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huamei Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Crop Growth and Development Regulation of Jiangxi Province, College of Life Sciences and Resource Environment, Yichun University, Yichun, China
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Chen W, Yuan W, He R, Pu X, Hu Q, Weng Q. Screening of Fungal Strains and Formulations of Metarhizium anisopliae to Control Phyllotreta striolata in Chinese Flowering Cabbage. INSECTS 2023; 14:567. [PMID: 37367383 DOI: 10.3390/insects14060567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: The cabbage flea beetle (CFB; Phyllotreta striolata) seriously damages the production of Chinese flowering cabbage (CFC; Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis var. utilis), which is a key leafy vegetable in South China. A large number of chemical insecticides have been sprayed to control this pest; as a result, residues and resistances are becoming an issue. It is necessary to develop biocontrol technologies to address this issue. (2) Methods: Fungal strains were selected based on bioactivity against CFB, and CFC seed pelletization with fungal conidia was subject to evaluation of control efficacy against CFB. The effective mixture of fungus and chemical insecticide was determined based on safety and joint toxicology tests. (3) Results: The screening of 103 strains from 14 genera identified the Metarhizium anisopliae strain MaGX19S02 (Ma) as the one with the highest virulence. The LC50s of Ma to CFB adult and second instar larvae on day 9 post-treatment were 3.04 × 106 and 27.2 × 106 spores/mL, respectively. In the pot test, the pelletization of CFC seeds with Ma conidia (50/25/12.5 mg in 1 g seed with 4 g fillers) demonstrated significant CFB mortalities (45-82%) 20 days after the larvae were introduced. In the field test, the seed pelletization achieved 57-81% control efficacy 14 days after sowing. Furthermore, the combination of Ma with chlorfenapyr (Chl) demonstrated a synergistic effect against CFB; based on this result, we prepared the mixture formulation of 20% Ma-Chl wettable powder (WP). The assessment of the effects of 20% Ma-Chl WP (500× diluent) against CFB revealed 93.33% mortality in the pot test and 61.3% control efficacy in the field test on day 7 post-treatment. (4) Conclusions: The findings demonstrate the potential of Ma to control CFB in the field. Seed pelletization with Ma conidia effectively controlled CFB larvae and protected CFC seedlings, wherein a mixture formulation of 20% Ma-Chl WP had substantial efficacy in controlling CFB adults. Our research provides new methods for CFB biocontrol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Wenjing Yuan
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Renkun He
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xinhua Pu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qiongbo Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Qunfang Weng
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
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Guo M, Gao R, Nanda S, Li Y, Guo C, Zhou X, Zhang Y, Yang C, Pan H. RNAi assays in the striped flea beetle (Phyllotreta striolata) suggest Psγ-COPI and PsArf1COPI as potential molecular targets for pest control. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:105428. [PMID: 37248006 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Phyllotreta striolata (Fabricius), commonly known as the striped flea beetle (SFB), is a notorious insect pest that attacks Brassicaceae plants worldwide, leading to tremendous economic losses. RNA interference (RNAi) has been proposed as a promising strategy for sustainable and eco-friendly pest control. In this study, a total of nine housekeeping genes including PsVATPA, PsHSP90, PsEF1A, PsRPL6, PsRPS24, PsActin, PsTUBA, PsRPS18, and PsRPL4 were evaluated under four different conditions (organization, population, sex, and RNAi). PsEF1A and PsVATPA were identified as the best reference genes for RNAi bioassay. Furthermore, a total of 24 target genes were selected to investigate their RNAi effects in SFB adults with double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs), five of them showed significant mortality (28.00% to 70.00%), namely Psα-COPI, Psβ-COPI, PsRPS18, Psγ-COPI, and PsArf1COPI. We found that gene transcript levels of the two most lethal genes, Psγ-COPI and PsArf1COPI, were significantly decreased after treated with the target dsRNAs either by feeding or injection method. The findings from this study demonstrated that the introduction of dsRNAs via oral feedings or injection induces the RNAi-mediated silencing of target genes and can lead to insect mortality. Overall, the identified target genes can be explored in developing RNAi-based insecticides for SFB control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujuan Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Ran Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Satyabrata Nanda
- MS Swaminathan School of Agriculture, Centurion University of Technology and Management, Paralakhemundi, 761200, India
| | - Yingqiu Li
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Changfei Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xuguo Zhou
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, 40546, USA
| | - Youjun Zhang
- Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chunxiao Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
| | - Huipeng Pan
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Plant Protection, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China.
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Chen D, Yan R, Xu Z, Qian J, Yu Y, Zhu S, Wu H, Zhu G, Chen M. Silencing of dre4 Contributes to Mortality of Phyllotreta striolata. INSECTS 2022; 13:insects13111072. [PMID: 36421975 PMCID: PMC9696999 DOI: 10.3390/insects13111072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The striped flea beetle, Phyllotreta striolata, is one of the most destructive pests of Cruciferae crops worldwide. RNA interference (RNAi) is a promising alternative strategy for pest biological control, which overcomes the weakness of synthetic insecticides, such as pest resistance, food safety problems and toxicity to non-target insects. The homolog of Spt16/FACT, dre4 plays a critical role in the process of gene transcription, DNA repair, and DNA replication; however, the effects of dre4 silencing in P. striolata remain elusive. In this study, we cloned and characterized the full-length dre4 from P. striolata and silenced Psdre4 through microinjection and oral delivery; it was found that the silencing of dre4 contributed to the high mortality of P. striolata in both bioassays. Moreover, 1166 differentially regulated genes were identified after Psdre4 interference by RNA-seq analysis, which might have been responsible for the lethality. The GO analysis indicated that the differentially regulated genes were classified into three GO functional categories, including biological process, cellular component, and molecular function. The KEGG analysis revealed that these differentially regulated genes are related to apoptosis, autophagy, steroid hormone biosynthesis, cytochrome P450 and other signaling pathways. Our results suggest that Psdre4 is a fatal RNAi target and has significant potential for the development of RNA pesticides for P. striolata management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongping Chen
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Ru Yan
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Zhanyi Xu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Jiali Qian
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Yinfang Yu
- Research and Development Center, NeoAgro Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Shunshun Zhu
- Research and Development Center, NeoAgro Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Huiming Wu
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Guonian Zhu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Mengli Chen
- The Key Laboratory for Quality Improvement of Agricultural Products of Zhejiang Province, College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
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Li Q, Song J, Zhou Y, Chen Y, Zhang L, Pang Y, Zhang B. Full-Length Transcriptomics Reveals Complex Molecular Mechanism of Salt Tolerance in Bromus inermis L. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:917338. [PMID: 35755679 PMCID: PMC9219601 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.917338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Bromus inermis L. (commonly known as smooth bromegrass) is a grass species with high nutritional value, great palatability, cold tolerance, and grazing resistance, which has been widely cultivated for pasture and sand fixation in northern and northwestern China. Salt stress is a main environmental factor limiting growth and production of smooth bromegrass. In this study, we performed PacBio Iso-Seq to construct the first full-length transcriptome database for smooth bromegrass under 300 mM NaCl treatment at different time points. Third-generation full-length transcriptome sequencing yielded 19.67 G polymerase read bases, which were assembled into 355,836 full-length transcripts with an average length of 2,542 bp. A total of 116,578 differentially expressed genes were obtained by comparing the results of third-generation sequencing and second-generation sequencing. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses revealed that multiple pathways were differently activated in leaves and roots. In particular, a number of genes participating in the molecular network of plant signal perception, signal transduction, transcription regulation, antioxidant defense, and ion regulation were affected by NaCl treatment. In particular, the CBL-CIPK, MAPK, ABA signaling network, and SOS core regulatory pathways of Ca2+ signal transduction were activated to regulate salt stress response. In addition, the expression patterns of 10 salt-responsive genes were validated by quantitative real-time PCR, which were consistent with those detected by RNA-Seq. Our results reveal the molecular regulation of smooth bromegrass in response to salt stress, which are important for further investigation of critical salt responsive genes and molecular breeding of salt-tolerant smooth bromegrass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Ecology of Western Arid Region, Ministry of Education, College of Grassland Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Ecology of Xinjiang, College of Grassland Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaxing Song
- College of Grassland Agriculture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- School of Agriculture Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Urrbrae, SA, Australia
| | - Yingxia Chen
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Ecology of Western Arid Region, Ministry of Education, College of Grassland Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Ecology of Xinjiang, College of Grassland Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Ecology of Western Arid Region, Ministry of Education, College of Grassland Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Ecology of Xinjiang, College of Grassland Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
| | - Yongzhen Pang
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Ecology of Western Arid Region, Ministry of Education, College of Grassland Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Resources and Ecology of Xinjiang, College of Grassland Science, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi, China
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Yang L, Xing B, Li F, Wang LK, Yuan L, Mbuji AL, Peng Z, Malhat F, Wu S. Full-length transcriptome analysis of Spodoptera frugiperda larval brain reveals detoxification genes. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12069. [PMID: 34513339 PMCID: PMC8395580 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), commonly known as fall armyworm (FAW), is one of the most destructive agricultural pests in the world and has posed a great threat to crops. The improper use of insecticides has led to rapid development of resistance. However, the genetic data available for uncovering the insecticide resistance mechanisms are scarce. Methods In this study, we used PacBio single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing aimed at revealing the full-length transcriptome profiling of the FAW larval brain to obtain detoxification genes. Results A total of 18,642 high-quality transcripts were obtained with an average length of 2,371 bp, and 11,230 of which were successfully annotated in six public databases. Among these, 5,692 alternative splicing events were identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yang
- Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | | | - Fen Li
- Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | | | | | - Amosi Leonard Mbuji
- Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, China.,Department of Resources Utilization and Plant Protection, College of Resources and Environmental Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengqiang Peng
- The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management of Tropical Crops, Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Farag Malhat
- Pesticide Residues and Environmental Pollution Department, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
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