Factors associated with school achievement of children aged 8-10 years in rural Bangladesh: Findings from a post hoc analysis of a community-based study

Madrasa student's health-related quality of life and its associated factors: a cross-sectional study from Bangladesh

The evidence clearly shows that education greatly impacts people's well-being. Bangladesh has two main education systems-general and traditional religious schooling. The current study aimed to measure the quality of life of madrasa students and find out the factors influencing it. This was a cross-sectional study on a group of madrasa students in the Mirpur area of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Data were collected using two-stage stratified random sampling between April and May 2022. The final sample size was 373. The health-related quality of life (HRQoL) was calculated using the KIDSCREEN-10 index, and the median split was used to categorize the score into 'good' and 'poor' categories. A p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant for all statistical tests. Among the participants, most (56%) reported having a good HRQoL. The median age (IQR) of the participants was 10.0 (8.0-12.0) years. Most of the participants were male (91%) and were not orphans (95%). The current study also found that a higher feeling of safety (AOR 3.7; 95% CI 1.3-10.4; p = 0.016) increased the odds of having good HRQoL. However, having a present illness decreased the odds (AOR 0.6; 95% CI 0.4-0.9; p = 0.10) of having a good HRQoL. The key results show that the majority reported a good HRQoL. Promoting students' physical, mental, and social well-being through health education, anti-bullying initiatives, regular school health screening, and institutional & community involvement can help to improve the overall HRQoL of madrasa students.

Cardiac Autonomic Activity, Personality Traits, and Academic Performance in First-Year Medical Students: A Gender-Specific Relation

Background It is not always the sincere or hardworking or intelligent student that gets the highest grades. Exploring unknown dimensions that may distinguish academic performance in adolescents/youth migrating from a high school study environment to that of a professional school and in a learning environment without parental supervision for the first time remains important. We hypothesized that cardiac autonomic activity influenced by cognitive domain factors and emotions would predict academic success in them. Further, we investigated which of their personality traits related to academic performance. Exploratory gender-based analysis was included. Methods A prospective cohort study measured first-year medical students' resting heart rate, heart rate variability (HRV), and personality traits (from the self-reported NEO Five-Factor Inventory-3). Spearman's correlation coefficient tested the correlation between the year-end final aggregate marks and assessed parameters, including subgroup analysis based on gender. Regression analyses of variables with academic marks were performed in the entire cohort. Results The aggregate marks of 81 volunteering students (Mage = 18.7, SD = 0.8 years; 42 females, 39 males) as a cohort did not correlate with their resting heart rate or HRV indices. Subgroup analysis revealed a positive correlation between marks and high-frequency power (r = 0.33, p= 0.03) and total power (r = 0.37, p= 0.02) of HRV in females. The marks positively correlated with the personality conscientiousness score (r = 0.32, p= 0.04) and extraversion score (r = 0.34, p= 0.03) in females. Multivariable regression analysis in the entire cohort revealed no significant interactions. Conclusion Academic performance was significantly related to cardiac autonomic modulation and personality traits of conscientiousness and extraversion in female but not male first-year medical students. These results indicate a gender-specific difference in the relation between scholastic performance and HRV in adolescents/youth transiting from high school to professional schools and entering a study environment without parental supervision for the first time. Further our data expands the knowledge base of educational psychology among them.

Hazardous Child Labour, Psychosocial Functioning, and School Dropouts among Children in Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of UNICEF's Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS)

Child labour is a common financial coping strategy in poor households, especially in low-and middle-income countries with many children working under hazardous conditions. Little is known about the linkages between hazardous work conditions and psycho-social and educational outcomes. We analysed the Bangladesh Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (BMICS) round 6 to assess the association between the exposure variables, including child labour, hazardous child labour (HZCL) and hazardous work, and outcome variables, including psychosocial functioning difficulty and school dropout, in children aged 5 to 17 years. We conducted bivariable and multivariable analyses to examine the association. In the adjusted analyses, children engaged in HZCL had increased odds of psychosocial functioning difficulty (aOR: 1.41; 95% CI: 1.16-1.72) and school dropout (aOR: 5.65; 95% CI: 4.83-6.61) among 5-14-year-olds compared to children who did not engage in child labour and hazardous work. Other independent factors associated with psychosocial functioning difficulty and school dropout included being male, living in a deprived neighbourhood, being exposed to violent punishment, the caregiver's attitude towards physical punishment, the mother's functional difficulty and lower maternal education. The linkages between hazardous work and psychosocial functioning difficulty appear more prominent among children not in school. Further, the evidence on the relationship between hazardous work and school dropout is stronger among children with psychosocial functioning difficulty. Policies and programmes that target the most hazardous forms of work are likely to have the greatest benefits for children's mental health, social well-being and educational attainment.