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Jajarmi H, Tavakoli Sani SB, Pourtaheri A, Gholian-Aval M, Esmaily H, Hosseini SH, Rajabzadeh R, Tehrani H. A community based intervention to modify preventive behaviors of cutaneous leishmaniasis in children: a randomized controlled trial based on PRECEDE PROCEED model. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1304. [PMID: 38741099 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18810-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Iran ranks among the top six countries globally with a significant incidence of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL). Using planning models is one community-based intervention to promote preventive behaviors. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the PRECEDE-PROCEED model (PPM) in modifying preventive behaviors related to CL in children through mother training in a community intervention. METHODS A randomized controlled trial based on the PPM model was conducted on 168 mothers (intervention (n = 84) and control group (n = 84) with 10 years old children in the rural areas of Iran. Mothers from 7 village areas were randomly allocated to the intervention (2 village) and control groups (5 village). The intervention group received a program comprising eight 90-minute training sessions and environmental interventions. In this study, we utilized the PPM as a framework to design the questionnaires on Leishmaniosis prevention behavior. Participants in both groups completed the questionnaires at baseline (before the intervention), immediately after the intervention, and at the 2-month follow-up. Analysis of the data was conducted utilizing SPSS20, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. RESULTS Compared to the control group, the intervention group showed significant increases in knowledge, enabling factors, reinforcing factors, attitude, and preventive behaviors related to Cutaneous Leishmaniasis over time from baseline to follow-up (P < 0.001). No significant differences (P > 0.05) were observed in the alterations of the PPM construct, knowledge, and preventive behaviors within the control group from pre-intervention to follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Community (education and environmental) intervention based on PPM is feasible and acceptable to modify preventive behaviors of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in children by increasing a mother's knowledge and attitude as well as changing enabling and reinforcing factors. TRIAL REGISTRATION IRCT20160619028529N8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Jajarmi
- Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Belin Tavakoli Sani
- Department of Health, Safety, and environment, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Social Determinants of Health research center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Asma Pourtaheri
- Instructor of Health Education, School of Public Health, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran
| | - Mahdi Gholian-Aval
- Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Social Determinants of Health research center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Habibollah Esmaily
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Social Determinants of Health research center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Hamid Hosseini
- Health Education and Promotion, Vector-borne Diseases Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Rezvan Rajabzadeh
- Epidemiology, Vector-borne Diseases Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Hadi Tehrani
- Department of Health, Safety, and environment, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
- Social Determinants of Health research center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Moradi-Asl E, Abbasi-Ghahramanloo A, Adham D, Saghafipour A, Arzamani K, Soltani A, Nejati J, Firozian S, Jalilian A, Kazempoor S, Darvishi M, Ozbaki GM. Association between living in the endemic area and level of knowledge of visceral leishmaniasis. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:291. [PMID: 38267911 PMCID: PMC10809501 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17775-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iran is a country with a high prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and seven endemic provinces. In this study, we tried to identify unobserved classes of knowledge among Iranians toward VL and assess the predictors of each latent class. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted among randomly selected participants from endemic and non-endemic areas of VL in Iran in 2020 and 2021. The collected data included demographic characteristics and questions about knowledge, attitude, and practice toward VL. We performed latent class analysis using a procedure for latent class analysis (PROC LCA) in SAS to identify the class membership of knowledge of participants toward VL. RESULTS Five latent classes were identified: very low (38.9%), low (15.5%), moderate (6.2%), high (14.1%), and very high (25.2%) knowledge about VL. Living in endemic areas significantly increased the odds of belonging to the low (adjusted OR (AOR = 7.23; 95% confidence interval (CI):4.52-11.58), high (AOR = 2.71; 95%CI: 1.73-4.23), and very high (AOR = 8.47; 95%CI: 5.78-12.41) classes compared to the very low class. Also, having academic education increased the odds of membership in the very high class (AOR = 2.36; 95%CI: 1.61-3.47) compared to the very low class. CONCLUSION This study revealed that more than 50% of the participants fell into the latent classes of very low and low knowledge toward VL. Some educational workshops in the endemic areas could be effective in enhancing knowledge about VL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eslam Moradi-Asl
- Arthropod-Borne Diseases Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
| | - Abbas Abbasi-Ghahramanloo
- Arthropod-Borne Diseases Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
| | - Davoud Adham
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Abedin Saghafipour
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Kourosh Arzamani
- Vector-borne Diseases Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, North Khorasan, Iran
| | - Aboozar Soltani
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Department of Medical Entomology, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Fars, Iran
| | - Jalil Nejati
- Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Samira Firozian
- Urmia Health Center, Disease Control Unit, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Ali Jalilian
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Samad Kazempoor
- Kaleybar Health Center, Disease Control Unit, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Darvishi
- Health Center of Tangestan, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Gorban Mohamad Ozbaki
- Gonbad Health Center, Disease Control Unit, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Golestan, Iran
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Thanh Nguyen HT, Dinh DX. Knowledge and attitudes of community pharmacists regarding dementia: A nationwide cross-sectional study in Vietnam. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2023; 38:e5981. [PMID: 37526328 DOI: 10.1002/gps.5981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate Vietnamese community pharmacists' knowledge and attitudes towards dementia. METHODS 1066 community pharmacists in eight provinces/centrally-governed cities were recruited using a non-probability convenience sampling technique. Their dementia knowledge was measured using a set of 14 questions developed through a literature review. The Approaches to Dementia Questionnaire was used to assess pharmacists' attitudes towards dementia. Cronbach's alpha was 0.88 for the overall questionnaire (0.70 for the knowledge part and 0.81 for the attitude part). RESULTS Participants were mostly female (74.2%), 20-39 years old (79.1%), and had work experience in pharmacies of less than 10 years (77.0%). Medicines for dementia were available in only 40 community pharmacies (3.8%), including galantamine (3.0%) and donepezil (0.8%). Pharmacists' average knowledge and attitude scores were 8.03 ± 2.61 and 64.81 ± 7.34, respectively. There were considerable differences in pharmacists' knowledge and attitudes between rural and urban areas and among eight provinces (p < 0.001). Higher knowledge and attitude scores were found among those with higher education levels and longer work experience (p < 0.001). Using reliable sources to seek information on dementia, such as books and scientific articles, also helped pharmacists to have better knowledge and more positive attitudes (p < 0.001). There was a positive relationship between knowledge and attitude scores (r = 0.326, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Community pharmacists demonstrated moderate levels of knowledge and attitudes towards dementia. Their knowledge about the symptoms of dementia was inadequate. Educational interventions and training programs are urgently needed to enhance their dementia knowledge and attitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huong Thi Thanh Nguyen
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Management and Economics, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Hanoi City, Vietnam
| | - Dai Xuan Dinh
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Management and Economics, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Hanoi City, Vietnam
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Ismail A, Yared S, Dugassa S, Abera A, Animut A, Erko B, Gebresilassie A. Sero-prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis and its associated factors among asymptomatic individuals visiting Denan health center, southeastern Ethiopia. Trop Dis Travel Med Vaccines 2023; 9:8. [PMID: 37430336 DOI: 10.1186/s40794-023-00196-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the Somali region of Ethiopia, visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a public health concern. However, VL epidemiology and sand fly vectors have not been well studied in various areas of the regional state, including Denan district. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the sero-prevalence, associated factors, and distribution of sand fly vectors of VL in Denan district, south-eastern Ethiopia. METHODS A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April to September 2021 among VL patients with classic signs and symptoms visiting Denan Health Center in south-eastern Ethiopia. Using a convenience sampling method, 187 blood samples were collected from individuals who visited Denan Health Center during the study period. Blood samples were subjected to Direct Agglutination Test for the detection of antibodies to VL. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was also used to gather information on risk factors and other characteristics of knowledge and attitude assessment. Sand flies were also collected from indoor, peri-domestic, mixed forest, and termite mounds using light and sticky traps to determine the fauna and abundance. RESULTS The overall sero-prevalence rate was 9.63% (18/187). The sero-prevalence was significantly associated with outdoor sleeping (OR = 2.82), the presence of damp floors (OR = 7.76), and sleeping outdoor near animals (OR = 3.22). Around 53.48% of the study participants had previously heard about VL. Study participants practiced different VL control methods, including bed nets (42%), insecticide spraying (32%), smoking plant parts (14%), and environmental cleaning (8%). In total, 823 sand fly specimens, comprising 12 species in two genera (Phlebotomus and Sergentomyia), were trapped and identified. The most abundant species was Sergentomyia clydei (50.18%), followed by Phlebotomus orientalis (11.42%). Also, a higher proportion of P. orientalis was found in termite mounds (65.43%), followed by mixed forest (37.8%) and peri-domestic (20.83%) habitats. CONCLUSION The study demonstrated a 9.63% sero-positivity of VL and a remarkable gap in knowledge, attitude, and practices towards VL. P. orientalis was also detected, which could be a probable vector in this area. Thus, public education should be prioritized to improve the community's awareness of VL and its public health impact. In addition, detailed epidemiological and entomological studies are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Ismail
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jigjiga University, Jigjiga, Ethiopia
| | - Solomon Yared
- Department of Biology, Jigjiga University, Jigjiga, Ethiopia
| | - Sisay Dugassa
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Adugna Abera
- Malaria and Neglected Tropical Diseases Research Team, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Abebe Animut
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Berhanu Erko
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Araya Gebresilassie
- Department of Zoological Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
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Alemayehu B, Kelbore AG, Alemayehu M, Adugna C, Bibo T, Megaze A, Leirs H. Knowledge, attitude, and practice of the rural community about cutaneous leishmaniasis in Wolaita zone, southern Ethiopia. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0283582. [PMID: 36976758 PMCID: PMC10047512 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a neglected tropical disease that is caused by a Leishmania parasite and transmitted by the bite of infected female sandflies. Community awareness is an essential component of disease control and prevention. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the community's knowledge, attitude, and practice toward CL in Wolaita zone, southern Ethiopia. METHODS A community-based cross-sectional study design was employed to include 422 study subjects selected using a systematic sampling technique from two districts, Kindo Didaye and Sodo Zuria. A pretested structured questionnaire was used to collect data from the household heads. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the relationship between the participants' knowledge about CL and socio-demographic characteristics. RESULTS Out of the 422 study participants, only 19% had good knowledge of CL in general. Most (67.1%) of the respondents knew CL by its local name ("bolbo" or "moora") though this knowledge varied highly over the study districts. The majority (86.3%) of respondents did not know how CL is acquired, though they considered CL a health problem. Most (62.8%) respondents believed that CL was an untreatable disease. Most (77%) participants responded that CL patients preferred to go to traditional healers for treatment. Herbal treatment was the most (50.2%) used to treat CL. Knowledge about CL was significantly associated with sex, age, and study districts. CONCLUSION The overall knowledge, attitude, and practice about CL and its prevention in the study area were low. This emphasizes the need to implement health education and awareness campaign to reduce the risk of CL infection. Policymakers and stakeholders should also give due attention to the prevention and treatment of CL in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bereket Alemayehu
- Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Abraham Getachew Kelbore
- Department of Dermatology, College of Health Sciences and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Mihiretu Alemayehu
- School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences and Medicine, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Chimdesa Adugna
- Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Tessema Bibo
- Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Aberham Megaze
- Department of Biology, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
| | - Herwig Leirs
- Evolutionary Ecology Group, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Mounia A, Mohamed E, Mohamed H, Samia B. A Community Based Survey of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Concerning Leishmaniasis in Central Morocco. J Community Health 2022; 47:932-942. [PMID: 35921052 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-022-01126-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is a major health problem caused by a protozoan of the genus Leishmania, most commonly transmitted by infected female sand flies. Intersectoral collaboration is essential for the implementation of integrated vector management control with community participation. The present study aims to evaluate the knowledge, attitude and practices of the population toward leishmaniasis in central Morocco. A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted using an administered questionnaire assisted by health professionals, on 750 people in the Marrakech Safi, endemic region of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). Of those, 702 agreed to be recruited for our study, of which 63,5% were women, 48,1% were aged between 18 and 40 years, and more than half of the participants (60%) were from rural areas. Overall, the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAPs) for leishmaniasis are too poor for more than 85% of the population in the study area. Basic knowledge and perceptions of leishmaniasis were good for 14,6% of respondents. While, 4,5% of the members had good knowledge of CL, only 0,7% had good level of knowledge about vesciral leishmaniasis (VL). Furthermore 3,7% of those polled have favorable attitudes and preventive practices. No association was found between knowledge and age, province or occupation. However, rural residents were four times more likely than urbain residents to have good basic knowledge (ORA = 4,74; CI95%: 1,04 -22,05). In addition, the female gender also has the chance to possess good basic knowledge and perceptions 3 times more than the men (ORA = 3,18; CI95%: 1,16 -8,69). The low level of KAPs regarding leishmaniasis proves the lack of community participation in the fight against leishmaniasis in central Morocco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amane Mounia
- Microbial Biotechnologies, Agrosciences and Environment Laboratory (BioMAgE), Research Unit Labelled CNRST N°4, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco.
| | - Echchakery Mohamed
- Microbial Biotechnologies, Agrosciences and Environment Laboratory (BioMAgE), Research Unit Labelled CNRST N°4, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco.,Epidemiology and Biomedical Unit, Laboratory of Sciences and Health Technologies, Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Hassan First University of Settat, Settat, Morocco
| | - Hafidi Mohamed
- Microbial Biotechnologies, Agrosciences and Environment Laboratory (BioMAgE), Research Unit Labelled CNRST N°4, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Boussaa Samia
- Microbial Biotechnologies, Agrosciences and Environment Laboratory (BioMAgE), Research Unit Labelled CNRST N°4, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco.,Ministry of Health and Social Protection, ISPITS-Higher Institute of Nursing and Technical Health Occupations, Rabat, Morocco
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Doan DA, Ho HH, Tran LD, Nguyen PL, Le ATL, Dinh DX. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of university students regarding COVID-19: a cross-sectional study in Vietnam. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2016. [PMID: 36329433 PMCID: PMC9633125 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14442-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This cross-sectional study investigated the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of Vietnamese university students regarding COVID-19. Methods A validated questionnaire (Cronbach's alpha = 0.71) was used to survey 1,025 students. A convenience sampling method was used for recruiting students from April to May 2022. The Wilcoxon rank-sum test and the Kruskal–Wallis rank-sum test/Dunn test for multiple comparisons were employed to compare students' KAP scores between two groups and among three groups or more, respectively. Factors associated with students' COVID-19 KAP scores were determined via univariate and multivariate linear regression models. Variables in the multivariate linear regression models were chosen using the Bayesian Model Averaging method in R software version 4.2.0. Results A majority of students had good knowledge (75.61%), positive attitudes (98.24%), and good practices toward COVID-19 (94.93%). Regarding the COVID-19 knowledge, the proportions of students who knew that mosquito bites and exposure to/eating wild animals would not lead to COVID-19 infection were not high (47.22 and 34.34%, respectively). More importantly, 70.34% of students thought that vitamins and minerals could help prevent or cure COVID-19. Antibiotics were the first choice for COVID-19 treatment of 438 students (42.73%). Nearly half of students (48.0%) bought antibiotics to keep at home in case of COVID-19 infection. The average KAP scores of medical students (19.97 ± 3.99, 45.10 ± 3.94, 9.72 ± 1.78) and females (18.67 ± 4.44, 44.79 ± 3.79, 9.36 ± 1.84) were significantly higher than those of non-medical students (16.48 ± 4.37, 43.33 ± 4.03, 8.68 ± 1.87) and males (17.01 ± 4.55, 42.79 ± 4.39, 8.77 ± 1.97), respectively (p < 0.001). Older students were more likely to have good knowledge and practices than the younger ones (p < 0.001). In addition, students using websites of the World Health Organization/the Ministry of Health and scientific articles to seek COVID-19 information were significantly associated with higher KAP scores when compared with those not using these sources (p < 0.001, p < 0.001, and p = 0.00139, respectively). Conclusion Students' KAP scores significantly varied by age, sex, major, and sources of COVID-19 information. Although many students had sufficient knowledge, positive attitudes, and good preventive practices toward COVID-19, additional education and training strategies are paramount, especially for non-medical students and males. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12889-022-14442-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dung Anh Doan
- grid.511102.60000 0004 8341 6684Faculty of Pharmacy, Phenikaa University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Huong Hien Ho
- grid.511102.60000 0004 8341 6684Faculty of Pharmacy, Phenikaa University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Long Duc Tran
- grid.511102.60000 0004 8341 6684Faculty of Pharmacy, Phenikaa University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Phuong Lan Nguyen
- grid.67122.30Drug Administration of Vietnam, Vietnam Ministry of Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Anh Thi Lan Le
- Department of Pharmacy, National Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dai Xuan Dinh
- grid.444951.90000 0004 1792 3071Faculty of Pharmaceutical Management and Economics, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Kanaan MHG, Salim ID, Tarek AM, Abdullah SS. Assessment of the knowledge, attitude, and practice related to visceral leishmaniasis among residents of Al-Suwaira city, Wasit Governorate, Middle East of Iraq. JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE MEDICINE AND HYGIENE 2022; 63:E429-E434. [PMID: 36415302 PMCID: PMC9648553 DOI: 10.15167/2421-4248/jpmh2022.63.3.2573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is important to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practice (KAP) related to visceral leishmaniasis (VL) to implement an effective control program. Hence, this study aimed to highlight KAP among residents of Al-Suwaira city in Wasit Governorate, Middle East of Iraq. METHODS During March to May 2021, a cross-sectional study was done on 121 randomly selected residents. A normal self-administered questionnaire was used to measure KAP. Descriptive analysis was used to present the results. RESULTS Overall, participants indicated average knowledge towards VL. However, the incubation period of VL (23.9%), the symptoms of VL (57.9%), and the diseases' transmission ways (54.5%) were recognized as knowledge gaps. Participants had a positive attitude towards VL, as the majority of them (more than 70.0%) agreed that VL causes health problems in local populations and local communities should be actively involved in the fight against VL. Also, the majority of participants agreed that VL is a treatable disease. Regarding the practice towards VL, 110 (90.9%) participants had taken preventive measures against sand fly bites. The majority of respondents (44.6%) chose cleanliness as a preventive measure. The main sources of information that participants used to learn about the disease were the Internet (57.0%) and television (19.8%). CONCLUSION Overall, participants had good knowledge, positive attitudes, and good practice when it came to VL prevention. However, there were also some gaps. Hence, it is recommended that knowledge-based strategies be strengthened and implemented consistently to raise awareness among residents in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Israa Dawood Salim
- Middle Technical University, Baghdad, Iraq, Institute of Medical Technology/Al-Mansour, Department of Crime Evidence
| | - Ahmad M. Tarek
- Middle Technical University, Baghdad, Iraq, Institute of Medical Technology/Al-Mansour, Department of Crime Evidence
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Devipriya JS, Gupta AK, Pavan G, Dhingra S, Murti K, Ravichandiran V, Pandey K. Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices among HIV/Leishmaniasis Co-Infected Patients in Bihar, India. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2022; 107:789-795. [PMID: 36037866 PMCID: PMC9651521 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.21-1294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a serious public health concern in the Indian state of Bihar, which has been exacerbated by an increasing HIV/AIDS incidence that has resulted in poor clinical outcomes. So far, there has been no investigation into the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) of people who have been subjected to hospital-based supervision for VL or HIV/VL co-infection. This study assessed the KAP toward VL infection among 210 VL-infected patients (126 participants with VL and 84 participants with HIV/VL) using a pretested standard questionnaire. The findings are summarized descriptively and KAP scores are classified dichotomously (good/poor). Multivariable logistic regression and bivariate correlation were used in the analysis. The study showed that both VL-infected and co-infected patients exhibited similar deficits in KAP scores toward VL. The HIV/VL participants who had a personal or family history of VL were more likely to have appropriate awareness of and preventive practices toward VL. The independent predictors of attitude index in HIV/VL participants were education, VL family history, and marital status. There was a weak but significant positive correlation between knowledge and practice (rs = 0.321, p<0.001), and attitude and practice (rs = 0.294, p<0.001), while knowledge was strongly correlated with attitude (rs = 0.634, p<0.001). Based on the study findings, it is recommended that treatment programs in Bihar should concentrate on strengthening KAP among VL and HIV/VL co-infected patients to prevent reinfection-related complications. Behavior change communication intervention is ideal for tackling this problem. This proposal entails building a comprehensive public health program in endemic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. S. Devipriya
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, India
| | | | - Garapati Pavan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, India
| | - Sameer Dhingra
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, India
| | - Krishna Murti
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, India
| | - Velayutham Ravichandiran
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, India
| | - Krishna Pandey
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Indian Council of Medical Research–Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Agamkuan, Patna, India
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Magnitude of visceral leishmaniasis and HIV coinfection and association with social determinants of health in the Northeast region of Brazil: a retrospective, spatiotemporal model (2010-2018). Parasitol Res 2022; 121:1021-1031. [PMID: 35142927 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-022-07450-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The Northeast region of Brazil (NRB) includes the states with the highest prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), as well as those with significant increases in HIV cases. This study aims to analyze the spatiotemporal patterns of VL-HIV coinfection and its association with the social determinants of health (SDH) in the NRB. Time trend analysis and Bayesian spatial statistical inferences, Moran's autocorrelation, and retrospective space-time scanning were performed. Spatial regression modelling was used to build an explanatory model for the occurrence of VL-HIV coinfection within NRB. A total of 1550 cases of VL-HIV coinfection were confirmed. We observed a higher prevalence among males (1232; 83%), individuals aged from 20 to 59 years (850; 54.8%), non-white skin color (1,422; 91.7%), and with low education (550; 35.48%). NRB showed an increasing and significant trend in the detection rate of coinfection (APC, 5.3; 95% CI, 1.4 to 9.4). The states of Maranhão and Piauí comprised the high-risk cluster. The SDH that most correlated with the occurrence of coinfection were poor housing, low income, and low education. VL-HIV is dispersed in the NRB but chiefly affects states with greater social vulnerability. Taken together, these findings reinforce the necessity to implement surveillance strategies that will contribute to the reduction of cases in these populations.
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