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Zhu Z, Wang Y, Ning W, Liu C, Chen C. Torquetenovirus from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid as a biomarker for lung infection among immunocompromised hosts. Biomark Med 2024; 18:581-591. [PMID: 38982729 PMCID: PMC11370955 DOI: 10.1080/17520363.2024.2366148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim: Torquetenovirus (TTV) was a promising biomarker for immunity, while lung regional TTV for evaluating the opportunistic infection among immunocompromised hosts (ICH) was unclear.Materials & methods: In the ICH and non-ICH populations, we compared the susceptibility to opportunistic infections, clinical severity and the prognosis between subgroups, respectively.Results: ICH with detectable bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF)-TTV were more susceptible to lung aspergillosis and Mycobacterium infections. Furthermore, our data demonstrated that the ICH cohort with detectable BALF-TTV represented a higher clinical severity and a worse prognosis, while the above findings were not found in the non-ICH population.Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that the BALF-TTV could act as an effective predictor for opportunistic infection for ICH that complemented the CD4+ T cell counts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwen Zhu
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 899 Pinghai Road, Suzhou215006, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 899 Pinghai Road, Suzhou215006, China
| | - Weiwei Ning
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 899 Pinghai Road, Suzhou215006, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 899 Pinghai Road, Suzhou215006, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- Department of Respiratory & Critical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 899 Pinghai Road, Suzhou215006, China
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Caixeta RAV, Batista AM, Caetano MW, Palmieri M, Schwab G, Zerbinati RM, Victor ASP, Gallo CDB, Tozetto-Mendoza TR, Junges R, Ortega KL, Costa ALF, Sarmento DJDS, Pallos D, Lindoso JAL, Giannecchini S, Braz-Silva PH. Investigation of Oral Shedding of Torquetenovirus (TTV) in Moderate-to-Severe COVID-19 Hospitalised Patients. Viruses 2024; 16:831. [PMID: 38932124 PMCID: PMC11209259 DOI: 10.3390/v16060831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 05/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Torquetenovirus (TTV) is a small DNA virus constituting the human virome. High levels of TTV-DNA have been shown to be associated with immunosuppression and inflammatory chronic disorders. AIM To assess the possible association between the salivary viral load of TTV-DNA in patients hospitalised due to COVID-19 and disease severity. METHODS Saliva samples collected from 176 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 were used to investigate the presence of SARS-CoV-2 and TTV-DNA by use of real-time RT-PCR. RESULTS The majority of patients were male with severe COVID-19. Presence of SARS-CoV-2 was observed in the saliva of 64.77% of patients, showing TTV-DNA in 55.68% of them. Patients with impaired clinical conditions (p < 0.001), which evolved to death (p = 0.003), showed a higher prevalence of TTV-DNA. The median viral load in patients with severe condition was 4.99 log10 copies/mL, in which those who were discharged and those evolving to death had values of 3.96 log10 copies/mL and 6.27 log10 copies/mL, respectively. A statistically significant association was found between the distribution of TTV-DNA viral load in saliva samples and severity of COVID-19 (p = 0.004) and disease outcomes (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that TTV-DNA in saliva could be a useful biomarker of COVID-19 severity and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Antônio Velôso Caixeta
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (R.A.V.C.); (M.W.C.); (M.P.); (C.d.B.G.); (K.L.O.)
| | - Alexandre Mendes Batista
- Laboratory of Virology (LIM-52-HCFMUSP), Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil; (A.M.B.); (G.S.); (R.M.Z.); (A.S.P.V.); (T.R.T.-M.)
| | - Matheus Willian Caetano
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (R.A.V.C.); (M.W.C.); (M.P.); (C.d.B.G.); (K.L.O.)
- Laboratory of Virology (LIM-52-HCFMUSP), Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil; (A.M.B.); (G.S.); (R.M.Z.); (A.S.P.V.); (T.R.T.-M.)
| | - Michelle Palmieri
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (R.A.V.C.); (M.W.C.); (M.P.); (C.d.B.G.); (K.L.O.)
| | - Gabriela Schwab
- Laboratory of Virology (LIM-52-HCFMUSP), Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil; (A.M.B.); (G.S.); (R.M.Z.); (A.S.P.V.); (T.R.T.-M.)
| | - Rodrigo Melim Zerbinati
- Laboratory of Virology (LIM-52-HCFMUSP), Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil; (A.M.B.); (G.S.); (R.M.Z.); (A.S.P.V.); (T.R.T.-M.)
| | - Andressa Silva Pereira Victor
- Laboratory of Virology (LIM-52-HCFMUSP), Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil; (A.M.B.); (G.S.); (R.M.Z.); (A.S.P.V.); (T.R.T.-M.)
| | - Camila de Barros Gallo
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (R.A.V.C.); (M.W.C.); (M.P.); (C.d.B.G.); (K.L.O.)
| | - Tânia Regina Tozetto-Mendoza
- Laboratory of Virology (LIM-52-HCFMUSP), Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil; (A.M.B.); (G.S.); (R.M.Z.); (A.S.P.V.); (T.R.T.-M.)
| | - Roger Junges
- Institute of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0313 Oslo, Norway;
| | - Karem L. Ortega
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (R.A.V.C.); (M.W.C.); (M.P.); (C.d.B.G.); (K.L.O.)
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit (MedOralRes), Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15705 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | | | - Débora Pallos
- School of Dentistry, University of Santo Amaro, São Paulo 04743-030, Brazil;
| | - José Angelo Lauletta Lindoso
- Emílio Ribas Institute of Infectious Diseases, São Paulo 01246-900, Brazil;
- Laboratory of Protozoology (LIM-49-HC-FMUSP), Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil
| | - Simone Giannecchini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Paulo Henrique Braz-Silva
- Department of Stomatology, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (R.A.V.C.); (M.W.C.); (M.P.); (C.d.B.G.); (K.L.O.)
- Laboratory of Virology (LIM-52-HCFMUSP), Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil; (A.M.B.); (G.S.); (R.M.Z.); (A.S.P.V.); (T.R.T.-M.)
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Timmerman AL, Commandeur L, Deijs M, Burggraaff MGJM, Lavell AHA, van der Straten K, Tejjani K, van Rijswijk J, van Gils MJ, Sikkens JJ, Bomers MK, van der Hoek L. The Impact of First-Time SARS-CoV-2 Infection on Human Anelloviruses. Viruses 2024; 16:99. [PMID: 38257799 PMCID: PMC10818381 DOI: 10.3390/v16010099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Members of the Anelloviridae family dominate the blood virome, emerging early in life. The anellome, representing the variety of anelloviruses within an individual, stabilizes by adulthood. Despite their supposedly commensal nature, elevated anellovirus concentrations under immunosuppressive treatment indicate an equilibrium controlled by immunity. Here, we investigated whether anelloviruses are sensitive to the immune activation that accompanies a secondary infection. As a model, we investigated 19 health care workers (HCWs) with initial SARS-CoV-2 infection, with blood sampling performed pre and post infection every 4 weeks in a 3-month-follow-up during the early 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. A concurrently followed control group (n = 27) remained SARS-CoV-2-negative. Serum anellovirus loads were measured using qPCR. A significant decrease in anellovirus load was found in the first weeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection, whereas anellovirus concentrations remained stable in the uninfected control group. A restored anellovirus load was seen approximately 10 weeks after SARS-CoV-2 infection. For five subjects, an in-time anellome analysis via Illumina sequencing could be performed. In three of the five HCWs, the anellome visibly changed during SARS-CoV-2 infection and returned to baseline in two of these cases. In conclusion, anellovirus loads in blood can temporarily decrease upon an acute secondary infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne L. Timmerman
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.L.T.); (L.C.); (M.D.); (M.G.J.M.B.); (K.T.); (J.v.R.); (M.J.v.G.)
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.J.S.); (M.K.B.)
| | - Lisanne Commandeur
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.L.T.); (L.C.); (M.D.); (M.G.J.M.B.); (K.T.); (J.v.R.); (M.J.v.G.)
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.J.S.); (M.K.B.)
| | - Martin Deijs
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.L.T.); (L.C.); (M.D.); (M.G.J.M.B.); (K.T.); (J.v.R.); (M.J.v.G.)
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.J.S.); (M.K.B.)
| | - Maarten G. J. M. Burggraaff
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.L.T.); (L.C.); (M.D.); (M.G.J.M.B.); (K.T.); (J.v.R.); (M.J.v.G.)
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.J.S.); (M.K.B.)
| | - A. H. Ayesha Lavell
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.J.S.); (M.K.B.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karlijn van der Straten
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.L.T.); (L.C.); (M.D.); (M.G.J.M.B.); (K.T.); (J.v.R.); (M.J.v.G.)
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.J.S.); (M.K.B.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Khadija Tejjani
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.L.T.); (L.C.); (M.D.); (M.G.J.M.B.); (K.T.); (J.v.R.); (M.J.v.G.)
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.J.S.); (M.K.B.)
| | - Jacqueline van Rijswijk
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.L.T.); (L.C.); (M.D.); (M.G.J.M.B.); (K.T.); (J.v.R.); (M.J.v.G.)
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.J.S.); (M.K.B.)
| | - Marit J. van Gils
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.L.T.); (L.C.); (M.D.); (M.G.J.M.B.); (K.T.); (J.v.R.); (M.J.v.G.)
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.J.S.); (M.K.B.)
| | - Jonne J. Sikkens
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.J.S.); (M.K.B.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marije K. Bomers
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.J.S.); (M.K.B.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lia van der Hoek
- Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (A.L.T.); (L.C.); (M.D.); (M.G.J.M.B.); (K.T.); (J.v.R.); (M.J.v.G.)
- Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands (J.J.S.); (M.K.B.)
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Feghoul L, Caillault A, Peyrony O, Salmona M, Nere ML, Delaugerre C, Azoulay E, Chevret S, LeGoff J. Respiratory torque teno virus load at emergency department visit predicts intensive care unit admission of SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29319. [PMID: 38102899 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Accurate prediction of COVID-19 severity remains a challenge. Torque teno virus (TTV), recognized as a surrogate marker of functional immunity in solid organ transplant recipients, holds the potential for assessing infection outcomes. We investigated whether quantifying TTV in nasopharyngeal samples upon emergency department (ED) admission could serve as an early predictor of COVID-19 severity. Retrospective single-center study in the ED of Saint-Louis Hospital in Paris, France. TTV DNA was quantified in nasopharyngeal swab samples collected for SARS-CoV-2 testing. Among 295 SARS-CoV-2 infected patients, 92 returned home, 160 were admitted to medical wards, and 43 to the intensive care unit (ICU). Elevated TTV loads were observed in ICU patients (median: 3.02 log copies/mL, interquartile range [IQR]: 2.215-3.825), exceeding those in discharged (2.215, [0; 2.962]) or hospitalized patients (2.24, [0; 3.29]) (p = 0.006). Multivariate analysis identified diabetes, obesity, hepatitis, fever, dyspnea, oxygen requirement, and TTV load as predictors of ICU admission. A 2.91 log10 copies/mL TTV threshold independently predicted ICU admission. Nasopharyngeal TTV quantification in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients is linked to the likelihood of ICU admission and might reflect respiratory immunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Feghoul
- Virology Department, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | | | - Olivier Peyrony
- Emergency Department, Hôpital Saint Louis, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Maud Salmona
- Virology Department, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
- Inserm U976, INSIGHT Team, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Elie Azoulay
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Famirea Study Group, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Chevret
- UMR 1153 CRESS, Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Research Team, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme LeGoff
- Virology Department, AP-HP, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
- Inserm U976, INSIGHT Team, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Thijssen M, Devos T, Meyfroidt G, Van Ranst M, Pourkarim MR. Exploring the relationship between anellovirus load and clinical variables in hospitalized COVID-19 patients: Implications for immune activation and inflammation. IJID REGIONS 2023; 9:49-54. [PMID: 37868342 PMCID: PMC10587511 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Anelloviruses have been linked with host-immunocompetence and inflammation. Here, we studied the anellovirus load in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Methods We collected samples of patients recruited in the DAWN-Plasma trial that received convalescent plasma (CP) therapy (four plasma units) combined with standard of care (SOC) or SOC of alone. Plasma samples were collected on day 0 and 6 of hospitalization and we quantified anellovirus load. With multivariate models, clinical variables were associated with changes in anellovirus load. Results Samples were collected on day 0 and 6 of 150 patients (103 CP + SOC and 47 SOC). Anellovirus load was higher on day 0 compared to day 6 and we found a significant drop in SOC patients. Patients receiving immunosuppressive drug had a lower anellovirus load (coefficient: 1.021, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.270-1.772, P = 0.008), while patients admitted to the emergency room displayed a higher abundance on day 0 (1.308, 95% CI 0.443-2.173, P = 0.003). Unspecific markers of inflammation and organ damage, D-dimer (0.001, 95% CI <0.001-0.001, P = 0.001) and lactate dehydrogenase (0.002, 95% CI 0.001-0.004, P = 0.044), were positively associated with anellovirus load. Finally, anellovirus load on day 0 (-39.9, 95% CI -75.72 to -4.27, P = 0.029) was negatively associated with SARS-CoV-2 antibody response on day. Conclusion The results showed associations between clinical variables and anellovirus load in COVID-19 patients. Many variables share properties related to host immunocompetence or inflammation. Therefore, we expect that anellovirus abundance displays the net state of immune activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijn Thijssen
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Timothy Devos
- University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Haematology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Laboratory of Molecular Immunology (Rega Institute), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Geert Meyfroidt
- University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Intensive Care Medicine, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc Van Ranst
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mahmoud Reza Pourkarim
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory for Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Leuven, Belgium
- Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Health Policy Research Centre, Institute of Health, Shiraz, Iran
- Blood Transfusion Research Centre, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
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Charlys da Costa A, Mendes-Correa MC, Tozetto-Mendoza TR, Villas-Boas LS, de Paula AV, Paiao HGO, Leal FE, Ferreira NE, Honorato L, Leal E, Grandi G, dos Santos Morais V, Manuli ER, Sabino EC, Witkin SS. Detailed characterization of Redondovirus in saliva of SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals in Sao Paulo, Brazil. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291027. [PMID: 37651462 PMCID: PMC10470920 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Redondovirus (ReDoV) is a DNA virus present in the respiratory tract of many healthy individuals. Since SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, also primarily infects the same site, we evaluated whether ReDoV was present at increased frequency in patients with COVID-19 and influenced infection parameters. METHODS Saliva samples were collected weekly from 59 individuals with COVID-19 and from 132 controls. ReDoV was detected by polymerase chain reaction and the genotypes were identified by metagenomics. Torque Teno Virus (TTV) in these samples were previously reported. RESULTS ReDoV was detected in saliva more frequently from COVID-19 patients (72.9%) than from controls (50.0%) (p = 0.0015). There were no associations between ReDoV detection and either continuous or intermittent SARS-CoV-2 shedding, the duration of SARS-CoV-2 detection in saliva, patients' sex or if infection was by the B1 or Gamma strain. The two ReDoV strains, Brisavirus and Vientovirus, were present in equivalent frequencies in ReDoV-positive COVID-19 patients and controls. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that the two ReDoV strains in Brazil were similar to strains previously detected on other continents. CONCLUSION ReDoV expression in saliva is increased in males and females in Brazil with mild COVID-19 but its presence does not appear to influence properties of the SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Charlys da Costa
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica em Virologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria C. Mendes-Correa
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica em Virologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Molestias Infecciosas e Parasitarias da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tania Regina Tozetto-Mendoza
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica em Virologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Municipal de Sao Caetano do Sul, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucy S. Villas-Boas
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica em Virologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Municipal de Sao Caetano do Sul, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anderson Vicente de Paula
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica em Virologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Heuder Gustavo Oliveira Paiao
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica em Virologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Molestias Infecciosas e Parasitarias da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio E. Leal
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Municipal de Sao Caetano do Sul, São Paulo, Brazil
- Programa de Oncovirologia, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Noely E. Ferreira
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica em Virologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Layla Honorato
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica em Virologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Molestias Infecciosas e Parasitarias da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elcio Leal
- Laboratório de Diversidade Viral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Pará, Brazil
| | | | - Vanessa dos Santos Morais
- Departamento de Molestias Infecciosas e Parasitarias da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Erika R. Manuli
- Departamento de Molestias Infecciosas e Parasitarias da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Municipal de Sao Caetano do Sul, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ester C. Sabino
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica em Virologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Molestias Infecciosas e Parasitarias da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Municipal de Sao Caetano do Sul, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Steven S. Witkin
- Laboratório de Investigação Médica em Virologia, Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Molestias Infecciosas e Parasitarias da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America
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Kyathanahalli C, Snedden M, Singh L, Regalia C, Keenan-Devlin L, Borders AE, Hirsch E. Maternal plasma and salivary anelloviruses in pregnancy and preterm birth. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1191938. [PMID: 37396897 PMCID: PMC10309558 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1191938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Human anelloviruses, including torque teno virus (TTV) and torque teno mini virus (TTMV), are ubiquitous in the general population and have no known pathogenicity. We investigated the prevalence and viral load of TTV and TTMV in plasma and saliva over pregnancy, and assessed their association with spontaneous or medically indicated preterm birth. Methods This is a secondary analysis of the Measurement of Maternal Stress (MOMS) study, which recruited 744 individuals with singleton pregnancies from 4 US sites (Chicago, Pittsburgh, San Antonio, and rural Pennsylvania). Baseline outpatient visits took place in the second trimester (between 12'0 and 20'6/7 weeks' gestation), and follow-up visits in the third trimester (between 32'0 and 35'6/7 weeks' gestation). In a case-control study design, participants who delivered preterm (<37 weeks) resulting from spontaneous labor and/or preterm premature rupture of membranes ("sPTB") were compared with participants experiencing medically indicated preterm birth ("iPTB"), or delivery at term ("controls"). Plasma and saliva samples obtained during the second and third trimesters were tested for the presence and quantity of TTV and TTMV using real-time PCR. Demographic data were obtained via self-report, and clinical data via medical record review by trained research personnel. Results TTV was detected in plasma from 81% (second trimester) and 77% (third trimester) of participants, and in saliva from 64 and 60%. Corresponding detection rates for TTMV were 59 and 41% in plasma, and 35 and 24% in saliva. TTV and TTMV concentrations were similar between matched plasma and saliva samples. TTV prevalence and concentrations were not significantly different between groups (sPTB, iPTB, and controls). However, plasma TTMV in the third trimester was associated with sPTB and earlier gestational age at delivery. The iPTB group was not different from either the sPTB or the control group. In saliva, concentrations of TTV and TTMV were similar among the three groups. Both TTV and TTMV were more prevalent with increasing parity and were more common in Black and Hispanic participants compared to non-Hispanic White participants. Conclusion Anellovirus presence (specifically, TTMV) in the third trimester may be associated with preterm birth. Whether this association is causative remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrashekara Kyathanahalli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Madeline Snedden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Lavisha Singh
- Department of Statistics, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Camilla Regalia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Lauren Keenan-Devlin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Ann E. Borders
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
- Center for Healthcare Studies, Institute for Public Health and Medicine, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Emmet Hirsch
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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Mendes-Correa MC, Salomão MC, Ghilardi F, Tozetto-Mendoza TR, Santos Villas-Boas L, de Paula AV, Paiao HGO, da Costa AC, Leal FE, Ferraz ADBC, Sales FCS, Claro IM, Ferreira NE, Pereira GM, da Silva AR, Freire W, Espinoza EPS, Manuli ER, Romano CM, de Jesus JG, Sabino EC, Witkin SS. SARS-CoV-2 Detection and Culture in Different Biological Specimens from Immunocompetent and Immunosuppressed COVID-19 Patients Infected with Two Different Viral Strains. Viruses 2023; 15:1270. [PMID: 37376568 DOI: 10.3390/v15061270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction-The dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 shedding and replication in humans remain incompletely understood. Methods-We analyzed SARS-CoV-2 shedding from multiple sites in individuals with an acute COVID-19 infection by weekly sampling for five weeks in 98 immunocompetent and 25 immunosuppressed individuals. Samples and culture supernatants were tested via RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 to determine viral clearance rates and in vitro replication. Results-A total of 2447 clinical specimens were evaluated, including 557 nasopharyngeal swabs, 527 saliva samples, 464 urine specimens, 437 anal swabs and 462 blood samples. The SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences at each site were classified as belonging to the B.1.128 (ancestral strain) or Gamma lineage. SARS-CoV-2 detection was highest in nasopharyngeal swabs regardless of the virus strain involved or the immune status of infected individuals. The duration of viral shedding varied between clinical specimens and individual patients. Prolonged shedding of potentially infectious virus varied from 10 days up to 191 days, and primarily occurred in immunosuppressed individuals. Virus was isolated in culture from 18 nasal swab or saliva samples collected 10 or more days after onset of disease. Conclusions-Our findings indicate that persistent SARS-CoV-2 shedding may occur in both competent or immunosuppressed individuals, at multiple clinical sites and in a minority of subjects is capable of in vitro replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cássia Mendes-Correa
- Departamento de Molestias Infecciosas e Parasitarias, Aculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, n. 470, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
- Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo 05403-010, Brazil
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Matias Chiarastelli Salomão
- Departamento de Molestias Infecciosas e Parasitarias, Aculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, n. 470, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
- Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo 05403-010, Brazil
- Rua Peixoto Gomide, 645, Sao Paulo 01409-002, Brazil
| | - Fábio Ghilardi
- Departamento de Molestias Infecciosas e Parasitarias, Aculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, n. 470, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Tania Regina Tozetto-Mendoza
- Departamento de Molestias Infecciosas e Parasitarias, Aculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, n. 470, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Lucy Santos Villas-Boas
- Departamento de Molestias Infecciosas e Parasitarias, Aculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, n. 470, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Anderson Vicente de Paula
- Departamento de Molestias Infecciosas e Parasitarias, Aculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, n. 470, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Heuder Gustavo Oliveira Paiao
- Departamento de Molestias Infecciosas e Parasitarias, Aculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, n. 470, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Antonio Charlys da Costa
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Fábio E Leal
- Faculdade de Medicina da, Universidade Municipal de Sao Caetano do Sul, São Paulo 09521-160, Brazil
- Programa de Oncovirologia, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro 20230-130, Brazil
| | | | - Flavia C S Sales
- Departamento de Molestias Infecciosas e Parasitarias, Aculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, n. 470, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Ingra M Claro
- Departamento de Molestias Infecciosas e Parasitarias, Aculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, n. 470, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Noely E Ferreira
- Departamento de Molestias Infecciosas e Parasitarias, Aculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, n. 470, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Geovana M Pereira
- Departamento de Molestias Infecciosas e Parasitarias, Aculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, n. 470, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Almir Ribeiro da Silva
- Departamento de Molestias Infecciosas e Parasitarias, Aculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, n. 470, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Wilton Freire
- Departamento de Molestias Infecciosas e Parasitarias, Aculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, n. 470, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Evelyn Patricia Sánchez Espinoza
- Departamento de Molestias Infecciosas e Parasitarias, Aculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, n. 470, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Erika R Manuli
- Departamento de Molestias Infecciosas e Parasitarias, Aculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, n. 470, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina da, Universidade Municipal de Sao Caetano do Sul, São Paulo 09521-160, Brazil
| | - Camila M Romano
- Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo 05403-010, Brazil
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline G de Jesus
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
| | - Ester C Sabino
- Departamento de Molestias Infecciosas e Parasitarias, Aculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, n. 470, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina da, Universidade Municipal de Sao Caetano do Sul, São Paulo 09521-160, Brazil
| | - Steven S Witkin
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
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9
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Lasagna A, Piralla A, Borgetto S, Quaccini M, Baldanti F, Pedrazzoli P. Torque teno virus and cancers: current knowledge. Future Virol 2023. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2022-0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this systematic review is to assess the current knowledge about the relationship between Torque teno virus (TTV) and cancer in different settings. Methods: A systematic search was conducted in Medline via PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library from the inception to the end of January 2023. Results: 34 articles were included in the qualitative synthesis of this review and 2145 patients with solid tumors have been analyzed. The most prevalent cancer types were hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and lung cancer. Conclusion: TTV has proven its role as a marker of functional immune competence in the setting of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), but in the oncological field is yet to be defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angioletta Lasagna
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Viale Camillo Golgi 19, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Piralla
- Microbiology & Virology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Viale Camillo Golgi 19, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Sabrina Borgetto
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Viale Camillo Golgi 19, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Mattia Quaccini
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Viale Camillo Golgi 19, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Fausto Baldanti
- Microbiology & Virology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Viale Camillo Golgi 19, 27100, Pavia, Italy
- Dept. of Clinical Surgical Diagnostic & Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Camillo Golgi 19, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Paolo Pedrazzoli
- Medical Oncology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Viale Camillo Golgi 19, 27100, Pavia, Italy
- Dept. of Internal Medicine & Medical Therapy, University of Pavia, Viale Camillo Golgi 19, 27100, Pavia, Italy
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10
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Focosi D, Baj A, Azzi L, Novazzi F, Maggi F. TTV viral load as a predictor of antibody response to SARS COV-2 vaccination. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023; 42:143-144. [PMID: 36424253 PMCID: PMC9637281 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2022.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The measure of torquetenovirus (TTV) viremia is widely recognized as an optimal biomarker of an individual immune status. In the context of COVID-19, the predictive role of TTV load with regard to vaccine response has also been demonstrated, suggesting other intriguing applications for this widespread anellovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Focosi
- North-Western Tuscany Blood Bank, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Andreina Baj
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria
| | - Lorenzo Azzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria
| | | | - Fabrizio Maggi
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases "L. Spallanzani", Roma, Italy
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11
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Rabelo NN, Yoshikawa MH, Telles JPM, Coelho G, de Souza CS, de Oliveira NPG, Mendoza TRT, Braz-Silva PH, Boechat AL, Teixeira MJ, Figueiredo EG. Torque Teno virus DNA is found in the intracranial aneurysm wall-Is there a causative role? Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1047310. [PMID: 36744144 PMCID: PMC9894622 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1047310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Torque Teno virus (TTV) is a recently discovered virus with high prevalence worldwide, that has been associated with vascular diseases. The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of TTV molecular DNA in the intracranial aneurysm (IA) artery walls. Method Samples of IA walls were collected after microsurgical clipping from 35 patients with IA (22 ruptured/13 unruptured cases). The samples were submitted to molecular DNA extraction using the EasyMag automatized extractor and performed with Qiagen DNA extraction Minikit 250. The samples underwent PCR examination with primers for β-globin as internal control using the Nanodrop ® 2000 spectrophotometer. A quantitative (real-time) PCR with TTV-specific primers was performed. Clinical and radiological data of patients included was collected. Results TTV was detected in 15 (42.85%) cases, being 10 (45.4%) ruptured and 5 (38.4%) unruptured (p = 0.732) lesions. Multiple IAs accounted for 14 (40%) cases. Five cases (17.2%) had TTV+ and multiple aneurysms (p = 0.73). Association between presence of virus and aneurysm rupture was not statistically significant (p = 0.96). Conclusion This study demonstrated a relatively high prevalence of viral DNA in the walls of IAs. This is the first study to identify the presence of TTV DNA in IA's samples, which was found more often in ruptured lesions. This is an exploratory study, therefore, larger studies are required to clarify the relationships between inflammation, viral infection, IA formation and rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nícollas Nunes Rabelo
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil,*Correspondence: Nícollas Nunes Rabelo,
| | | | | | - Giselle Coelho
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Paulo Henrique Braz-Silva
- Laboratory of Virology (LIM-52), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil,Department of Stomatology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Detection of Torquetenovirus and Redondovirus DNA in Saliva Samples from SARS-CoV-2-Positive and -Negative Subjects. Viruses 2022; 14:v14112482. [PMID: 36366580 PMCID: PMC9695164 DOI: 10.3390/v14112482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Torquetenovirus (TTV) and Redondovirus (ReDoV) are the most prevalent viruses found in the human respiratory virome in viral metagenomics studies. A large-scale epidemiological study was performed to investigate their prevalence and loads in saliva samples according to SARS-CoV-2 status. METHODS Saliva samples from 448 individuals (73% SARS-CoV-2 negative and 27% SARS-CoV-2 positive) aged 23-88 years were tested. SARS-CoV-2 and TTV were determined in saliva by specific qualitative and quantitative real-time PCRs, respectively. A sub-cohort of 377 subjects was additionally tested for the presence and load of ReDoV in saliva, and a different sub-cohort of 120 subjects for which paired saliva and plasma samples were available was tested for TTV and ReDoV viremia at the same timepoints as saliva. RESULTS TTV in saliva was 72% prevalent in the entire cohort, at a mean DNA load of 4.6 log copies/mL, with no difference regardless of SARS-CoV-2 status. ReDoV was found in saliva from 61% of the entire cohort and was more prevalent in the SARS-CoV-2-negative subgroup (65% vs. 52%, respectively). In saliva, the total mean load of ReDoV was very similar to the one of TTV, with a value of 4.4 log copies/mL. The mean viral loads in subjects infected with a single virus, namely, those infected with TTV or ReDoV alone, was lower than in dually infected samples, and Tukey's multiple-comparison test showed that ReDoV single-infected samples resulted in the only true outlier (p = 0.004). Differently from TTV, ReDoV was not detected in any blood samples. CONCLUSIONS This study establishes the prevalence and mean value of TTV and ReDoV in saliva samples and demonstrates the existence of differences between these two components of the human virome.
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Honorato L, Witkin SS, Mendes-Correa MC, Conde Toscano ALC, Linhares IM, de Paula AV, Paião HGO, de Paula VS, Lopes ADO, Lima SH, Raymundi VDC, Ferreira NE, da Silva Junior AR, Abrahim KY, Braz-Silva PH, Tozetto-Mendoza TR. The Torque Teno Virus Titer in Saliva Reflects the Level of Circulating CD4 + T Lymphocytes and HIV in Individuals Undergoing Antiretroviral Maintenance Therapy. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:809312. [PMID: 35096897 PMCID: PMC8795607 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.809312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Torque teno virus (TTV) is a non-pathogenic virus present in body fluids. Its titer in the circulation increases in association with immune suppression, such as in HIV-infected individuals. We evaluated if the TTV titer in saliva from HIV-positive individuals undergoing antiretroviral therapy (ART) was related to the circulating CD4+ T lymphocyte concentration and the HIV titer. Methods Saliva was collected from 276 asymptomatic individuals undergoing ART, and an additional 48 individuals positive for AIDS-associated Kaposi's Sarcoma (AIDS-KS). The salivary TTV titer was measured by gene amplification analysis. The circulating CD4+ T lymphocyte and HIV levels were obtained by chart review. Results TTV was detectable in saliva from 80% of the asymptomatic subjects and 87% of those with AIDS-KS. In the asymptomatic group the median log10 TTV titer/ml was 3.3 in 200 males vs. 2.4 in 76 females (p < 0.0001). TTV titer/ml was 3.7 when HIV was acquired by intravenous drug usage, 3.2 when by sexual acquisition and 2.4 when blood transfusion acquired. The salivary TTV titer was inversely correlated with the circulating CD4+ T lymphocyte level (p < 0.0001) and positively correlated with the circulating HIV concentration (p = 0.0005). The median salivary TTV titer and circulating HIV titer were higher, and the CD4+ count was lower, in individuals positive for AIDS-KS than in the asymptomatic subjects (p < 0.0001). Conclusion The TTV titer in saliva is a potential biomarker for monitoring immune status in individuals undergoing ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Honorato
- Laboratory of Virology (LIM 52), Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Steven S Witkin
- Laboratory of Virology (LIM 52), Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Maria Cássia Mendes-Correa
- Laboratory of Virology (LIM 52), Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Iara Moreno Linhares
- Departamento de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anderson Vicente de Paula
- Laboratory of Virology (LIM 52), Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Heuder Gustavo Oliveira Paião
- Laboratory of Virology (LIM 52), Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Salete de Paula
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Amanda de Oliveira Lopes
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Silvia Helena Lima
- Laboratory of Virology (LIM 52), Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vanessa de Cássia Raymundi
- Laboratory of Virology (LIM 52), Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Noely Evangelista Ferreira
- Laboratory of Virology (LIM 52), Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Almir Ribeiro da Silva Junior
- Laboratory of Virology (LIM 52), Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karim Yaqub Abrahim
- Laboratory of Virology (LIM 52), Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Braz-Silva
- Laboratory of Virology (LIM 52), Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tania Regina Tozetto-Mendoza
- Laboratory of Virology (LIM 52), Department of Infectious Diseases, Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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14
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Lukose J, Barik A, Unnikrishnan VK, George SD, Kartha VB, Chidangil S. Development of a spectroscopic technique that enables the saliva based detection of COVID-19 at safe distances. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2021; 3:100210. [PMID: 34642620 PMCID: PMC8500476 DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2021.100210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Research activities are in full swing globally to translate the use of saliva as a non-invasive and highly potential specimen for clinical diagnostics, particularly for COVID-19 detection. Being comprised of a pool of biomarkers also enriched with ACE-2 receptors, saliva can provide vital information regarding the state of the human body. Advancements in biophotonics tools for saliva investigation may offer promise for developing rapid, highly objective, optical modalities for COVID- 19 detection. This article presents concept/design study, which propose the use of Raman/laser induced fluorescence spectroscopic device that have the potential for viral detection via saliva from a safer distance. Noticeable changes of biomarkers present in saliva in response to viral infection can reflect the pathological state, thus can altogether affect the Raman spectral pattern. Monitoring these spectral patterns of saliva, which are further enhanced by using cost effective and reproducible Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy substrates can be a viable option for sensitive and non-invasive viral detection. The spectral information acquired from the optical device can be processed using various multivariate statistical analytical tools, which ultimately facilitate effective viral detection in few minutes. This method doesn't demand the necessity of qualified professionals and sample processing with reagents unlike in RT-PCR test. The proposed optical device can be further modified into a portable form, which can be easily transported for field applications. The stand-off observation, contactless and highly non-invasive technique can be of paramount importance in the current context, where the safer screening of a large population for viral infection by maintaining social distances is a necessity. The proposed stand-off spectroscopic technique can also address the major concern of nosocomial viral transmission amongst healthcare workers during sample collection in a pandemic scenario.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jijo Lukose
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576 104 India
| | - Ajayakumar Barik
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576 104 India
| | - V K Unnikrishnan
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576 104 India
| | - Sajan D George
- Centre for Applied Nanosciences, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576 104 India
| | - V B Kartha
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576 104 India
| | - Santhosh Chidangil
- Centre of Excellence for Biophotonics, Department of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576 104 India
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