1
|
Tsai HC, Chen YH, Jen JY, Chang HM. Increased expression of the kynurenine pathway in mice with eosinophilic meningitis caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection. Acta Trop 2024; 256:107251. [PMID: 38763319 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2024.107251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/12/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Angiostrongylus cantonensis is the major cause of eosinophilic meningitis worldwide. The imbalance of neurotoxic and neuroprotective metabolites in the kynurenine pathway (KP) have been suggested to contribute to the pathogenesis of central nervous system (CNS) infection. We hypothesized that KP may also be involved in parasitic eosinophilic meningitis. BALB/c mice were orally infected with 40 A. cantonensis L3, intraperitoneal dexamethasone at a dose of 500 µg/kg/day was administered from the seventh day of infection until the end of the study. The Evans blue method was used to analyze blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction, and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) proteins levels was measured by Western blot, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and immunofluorescence. Tryptophan and kynurenine concentrations were analyzed by IHC and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The concentrations of Evans blue, IDO, tryptophan and kynurenine in the different groups of mice were compared using the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test. BBB dysfunction was found in mice with eosinophilic meningitis. The administration of dexamethasone significantly decreased the amount of Evans blue. An increased IDO expression was shown in Western blot, IHC and immunofluorescence following 2-3 weeks infection. Increased tryptophan and kynurenine expressions in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were also found in IHC and LC-MS/MS studies. The administration of dexamethasone significantly decreased the amount of IDO, tryptophan and kynurenine. In conclusion, A. cantonensis infection inducing BBB damage, then increased the influx of tryptophan into CSF. The administration of dexamethasone significantly decreased the amount of IDO, tryptophan and kynurenine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Chin Tsai
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan and National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Hsin Chen
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan and National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Yueh Jen
- College of Pharmacy and Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Min Chang
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacy, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Aghajani M, Jalilzadeh N, Aghebati-Maleki A, Yari A, Tabnak P, Mardi A, Saeedi H, Aghebati-Maleki L, Baradaran B. Current approaches in glioblastoma multiforme immunotherapy. Clin Transl Oncol 2024; 26:1584-1612. [PMID: 38512448 DOI: 10.1007/s12094-024-03395-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) is the most prevalent CNS (central nervous system) tumor in adults, with an average survival length shorter than 2 years and rare metastasis to organs other than CNS. Despite extensive attempts at surgical resecting, the inherently permeable nature of this disease has rendered relapse nearly unavoidable. Thus, immunotherapy is a feasible alternative, as stimulated immune cells can enter into the remote and inaccessible tumor cells. Immunotherapy has revolutionized patient upshots in various malignancies and might introduce different effective ways for GBM patients. Currently, researchers are exploring various immunotherapeutic strategies in patients with GBM to target both the innate and acquired immune responses. These approaches include reprogrammed tumor-associated macrophages, the use of specific antibodies to inhibit tumor progression and metastasis, modifying tumor-associated macrophages with antibodies, vaccines that utilize tumor-specific dendritic cells to activate anti-tumor T cells, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and enhanced T cells that function against tumor cells. Despite these findings, there is still room for improving the response faults of the many currently tested immunotherapies. This study aims to review the currently used immunotherapy approaches with their molecular mechanisms and clinical application in GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Aghajani
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nazila Jalilzadeh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Aghebati-Maleki
- Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Modern Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Yari
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Biology, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz Branch, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Peyman Tabnak
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Mardi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hossein Saeedi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Leili Aghebati-Maleki
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Behzad Baradaran
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Summers BS, Thomas Broome S, Pang TWR, Mundell HD, Koh Belic N, Tom NC, Ng ML, Yap M, Sen MK, Sedaghat S, Weible MW, Castorina A, Lim CK, Lovelace MD, Brew BJ. A Review of the Evidence for Tryptophan and the Kynurenine Pathway as a Regulator of Stem Cell Niches in Health and Disease. Int J Tryptophan Res 2024; 17:11786469241248287. [PMID: 38757094 PMCID: PMC11097742 DOI: 10.1177/11786469241248287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Stem cells are ubiquitously found in various tissues and organs in the body, and underpin the body's ability to repair itself following injury or disease initiation, though repair can sometimes be compromised. Understanding how stem cells are produced, and functional signaling systems between different niches is critical to understanding the potential use of stem cells in regenerative medicine. In this context, this review considers kynurenine pathway (KP) metabolism in multipotent adult progenitor cells, embryonic, haematopoietic, neural, cancer, cardiac and induced pluripotent stem cells, endothelial progenitor cells, and mesenchymal stromal cells. The KP is the major enzymatic pathway for sequentially catabolising the essential amino acid tryptophan (TRP), resulting in key metabolites including kynurenine, kynurenic acid, and quinolinic acid (QUIN). QUIN metabolism transitions into the adjoining de novo pathway for nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) production, a critical cofactor in many fundamental cellular biochemical pathways. How stem cells uptake and utilise TRP varies between different species and stem cell types, because of their expression of transporters and responses to inflammatory cytokines. Several KP metabolites are physiologically active, with either beneficial or detrimental outcomes, and evidence of this is presented relating to several stem cell types, which is important as they may exert a significant impact on surrounding differentiated cells, particularly if they metabolise or secrete metabolites differently. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in mesenchymal stromal cells, for instance, highly upregulates rate-limiting enzyme indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO-1), initiating TRP depletion and production of metabolites including kynurenine/kynurenic acid, known agonists of the Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) transcription factor. AhR transcriptionally regulates an immunosuppressive phenotype, making them attractive for regenerative therapy. We also draw attention to important gaps in knowledge for future studies, which will underpin future application for stem cell-based cellular therapies or optimising drugs which can modulate the KP in innate stem cell populations, for disease treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Sebastian Summers
- Applied Neurosciences Program, Peter Duncan Neurosciences Research Unit, St. Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sarah Thomas Broome
- Faculty of Science, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | - Hamish D Mundell
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, New South Wales Brain Tissue Resource Centre, School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Naomi Koh Belic
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicole C Tom
- Formerly of the Department of Physiology, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mei Li Ng
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Maylin Yap
- Formerly of the Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Monokesh K Sen
- Applied Neurosciences Program, Peter Duncan Neurosciences Research Unit, St. Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sara Sedaghat
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Michael W Weible
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Alessandro Castorina
- Faculty of Science, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chai K Lim
- Faculty of Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael D Lovelace
- Applied Neurosciences Program, Peter Duncan Neurosciences Research Unit, St. Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bruce J Brew
- Applied Neurosciences Program, Peter Duncan Neurosciences Research Unit, St. Vincent’s Centre for Applied Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Departments of Neurology and Immunology, St. Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- University of Notre Dame, Darlinghurst, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sharma P, Tandel N, Kumar R, Negi S, Sharma P, Devi S, Saxena K, Chaudhary NR, Saini S, Kumar R, Chandel BS, Sijwali PS, Tyagi RK. Oleuropein activates autophagy to circumvent anti-plasmodial defense. iScience 2024; 27:109463. [PMID: 38562521 PMCID: PMC10982566 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Antimalarial drug resistance and unavailability of effective vaccine warrant for newer drugs and drug targets. Hence, anti-inflammatory activity of phyto-compound (oleuropein; OLP) was determined in antigen (LPS)-stimulated human THP-1 macrophages (macrophage model of inflammation; MMI). Reduction in the inflammation was controlled by the PI3K-Akt1 signaling to establish the "immune-homeostasis." Also, OLP treatment influenced the cell death/autophagy axis leading to the modulated inflammation for extended cell survival. The findings with MII prompted us to detect the antimalarial activity of OLP in the wild type (3D7), D10-expressing GFP-Atg18 parasite, and chloroquine-resistant (Dd2) parasite. OLP did not show the parasite inhibition in the routine in vitro culture of P. falciparum whereas OLP increased the antimalarial activity of artesunate. The molecular docking of autophagy-related proteins, investigations with MMI, and parasite inhibition assays indicated that the host activated the autophagy to survive OLP pressure. The challenge model of P. berghei infection showed to induce autophagy for circumventing anti-plasmodial defenses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Sharma
- Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, Biomedical Parasitology and Translational-immunology Lab, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Sec-39A, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Nikunj Tandel
- Institute of Science, Nirma University, SG highway, Ahmedabad 382481, India
| | - Rajinder Kumar
- Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, Biomedical Parasitology and Translational-immunology Lab, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Sec-39A, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Sushmita Negi
- Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, Biomedical Parasitology and Translational-immunology Lab, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Sec-39A, Chandigarh 160036, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Prakriti Sharma
- Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, Biomedical Parasitology and Translational-immunology Lab, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Sec-39A, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Sonia Devi
- Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, Biomedical Parasitology and Translational-immunology Lab, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Sec-39A, Chandigarh 160036, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Kanika Saxena
- Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular & Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Neil Roy Chaudhary
- Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, Biomedical Parasitology and Translational-immunology Lab, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Sec-39A, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Sheetal Saini
- Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, Biomedical Parasitology and Translational-immunology Lab, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Sec-39A, Chandigarh 160036, India
| | - Reetesh Kumar
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Applied Sciences & Humanities, GLA University, Mathura 281406, India
| | - Bharat Singh Chandel
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science and AH, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, Gujarat 385 506, India
| | - Puran S. Sijwali
- Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular & Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Rajeev K. Tyagi
- Division of Cell Biology and Immunology, Biomedical Parasitology and Translational-immunology Lab, CSIR-Institute of Microbial Technology (IMTECH), Sec-39A, Chandigarh 160036, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovation Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang Y, Huang S, Kong W, Wu C, Zeng T, Xie S, Chen Q, Kuang S, Zheng R, Wang F, Zhou C, Chen Y, Huang S, Lv Z. Corilagin alleviates liver fibrosis in zebrafish and mice by repressing IDO1-mediated M2 macrophage repolarization. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 119:155016. [PMID: 37598639 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver fibrosis caused by chronic liver injury, eventually develops into liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Currently, there are no effective drugs to relieve liver fibrosis due to the lack of molecular pathogenesis characteristics. Former research demonstrates that the hepatic immune microenvironment plays a key role in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis, thus macrophages are important immune cells in the liver. Our previous study has found that IDO1 plays an important role in the liver immune microenvironment. CRG is a gallic acid tannin found in medicinal plants of many ethnicities that protects against inflammation, tumors and chronic liver disease. However, the mechanism of by which CRG mediates the interaction of IDO1 with macrophages during hepatic immune maturation is not clear. PURPOSE To investigate the regulatory mechanism of CRG in liver fibrosis and the intrinsic relationship between IDO1 and macrophage differentiation. METHODS Zebrafish, RAW264.7 cells and mice were used in the study. IDO1 overexpression and knockdown cell lines were constructed using lentiviral techniques. RESULTS We discovered that CRG remarkably reduced the AST and ALT serum levels. Histological examination revealed that CRG ameliorates CCL4-induced liver fibrosis and depressed the expression of α-SMA, Lamimin, Collagen-Ι and fibronectin. Besides, we found that CRG promoted increased MerTK expression on partly macrophages. Interestingly, in vitro, we found that CRG suppressed IDO1 expression and regulated macrophage differentiation by upregulating CD86, CD80 and iNOS, while downregulating CD206, CD163, IL-4 and IL-10 expression. Additionally, we found that CRG could inhibit hepatic stellate cell activation by direct or indirect action. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that CRG alleviates liver fibrosis by mediating IDO1-mediated M2 macrophage repolarization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Sha Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Wen Kong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Chaofeng Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Ting Zeng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Shuwen Xie
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Qing Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Shanshan Kuang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Ruise Zheng
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Fengsui Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Chuying Zhou
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Yuyao Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Shaohui Huang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China
| | - Zhiping Lv
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kupjetz M, Patt N, Joisten N, Ueland PM, McCann A, Gonzenbach R, Bansi J, Zimmer P. The serum kynurenine pathway metabolic profile is associated with overweight and obesity in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2023; 72:104592. [PMID: 36881945 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2023.104592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight and obesity increase multiple sclerosis (MS) susceptibility, disease severity, and disability progression. Kynurenine pathway (KP) dysregulation is present in overweight and obesity, and in MS. Since the effect of overweight and obesity on KP dysregulation in persons with MS (pwMS) remains to be established, this study primarily aims to explore the effect of overweight and obesity on the serum KP metabolic profile in pwMS. METHODS This cross-sectional study represents a secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial at Valens rehabilitation clinic, Switzerland. Registration was performed on 22 April 2020 at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04356248, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04356248). The first participant was enrolled on 13 July 2020. Based on body mass index (BMI), 106 MS inpatients (Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score ≤ 6.5) were dichotomised to a lean group (LG, BMI < 25 kg/m2), and an overweight/obese group (OG, BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2). Targeted metabolomics (LC-MS/MS) was performed to determine serum concentrations of tryptophan (TRP), KP downstream metabolites, and neopterin (Neopt). Correlations between BMI, kynurenine-to-TRP ratio (KTR), and serum concentrations of TRP, KP downstream metabolites, and Neopt were calculated. ANCOVA was used to determine differences in KTR, and serum concentrations of TRP, KP downstream metabolites and Neopt between OG and LG, and across MS phenotypes. RESULTS Higher BMI correlated with higher KTR (r = 0.425, p <0.001) and serum concentrations of most KP downstream metabolites, but not with EDSS score. Higher KTR (r = 0.470, p < .001) and serum concentrations of most KP downstream metabolites correlated with a higher serum concentration of Neopt. The OG (n = 44, 59% female, 51.68 (9.98) years, EDSS: 4.71 (1.37)) revealed higher KTR (0.026 (0.007) vs. 0.022 (0.006), p=.001) and serum concentrations of most KP downstream metabolites than the LG (n = 62, 71% female, 48.37 (9.63) years, EDSS: 4.60 (1.29)). KP metabolic profiles did not differ between MS phenotypes. CONCLUSION Overweight and obesity are associated with a systemic elevation of KP metabolic flux and an accumulation of most KP downstream metabolites in pwMS. Further research is needed to clarify if KP involvement serves as a mechanism linking overweight and obesity with symptom expression, disease severity, and disability progression in pwMS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Kupjetz
- Department of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Institute of Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 3, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Nadine Patt
- Department of Neurology, Clinics of Valens, Rehabilitation Centre Valens, Taminaplatz 1, 7317 Valens, Switzerland
| | - Niklas Joisten
- Department of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Institute of Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 3, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Per Magne Ueland
- Bevital AS, Laboratoriebygget, 9 etg, Jonas Lies vei 87, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Adrian McCann
- Bevital AS, Laboratoriebygget, 9 etg, Jonas Lies vei 87, 5021 Bergen, Norway
| | - Roman Gonzenbach
- Department of Neurology, Clinics of Valens, Rehabilitation Centre Valens, Taminaplatz 1, 7317 Valens, Switzerland
| | - Jens Bansi
- Department of Neurology, Clinics of Valens, Rehabilitation Centre Valens, Taminaplatz 1, 7317 Valens, Switzerland; Department of Health, OST - Eastern Switzerland University of Applied Sciences, Rosenbergstrasse 59, 9000 Sankt Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Zimmer
- Department of Performance and Health (Sports Medicine), Institute of Sport and Sport Science, TU Dortmund University, Otto-Hahn-Str. 3, 44227 Dortmund, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Rynikova M, Adamkova P, Hradicka P, Stofilova J, Harvanova D, Matejova J, Demeckova V. Transcriptomic Analysis of Macrophage Polarization Protocols: Vitamin D 3 or IL-4 and IL-13 Do Not Polarize THP-1 Monocytes into Reliable M2 Macrophages. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020608. [PMID: 36831144 PMCID: PMC9953291 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Two main types of macrophages (Mφ) include inflammatory (M1) and anti-inflammatory (M2) macrophages. These cells can be obtained in vitro by polarization of monocytic cell lines using various stimuli. Since there is currently no consensus on the best method for the acquisition of reliable M1 and M2 macrophages from the THP-1 cell line, we decided to compare three different polarization protocols at the transcriptomic level. Whole transcriptomes of Mφ polarized according to the chosen protocols were analyzed using RNA-seq. Differential expression of genes and functional enrichment for gene ontology terms were assessed. Compared with other protocols, M1 macrophages polarized using PMA (61.3 ng/mL) and IFN-γ along with LPS had the highest expression of M1-associated regulatory genes and genes for M1 cytokines and chemokines. According to the GO enrichment analysis, genes involved in defensive and inflammatory processes were differentially expressed in these Mφ. However, all three chosen protocols which use Vit D3, IL-13/IL-4, and IL-4, respectively, failed to promote the polarization of macrophages with a reliable M2 phenotype. Therefore, optimization or development of a new M2 polarization protocol is needed to achieve macrophages with a reliable anti-inflammatory phenotype.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rynikova
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, 041 54 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Petra Adamkova
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, 041 54 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Petra Hradicka
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, 041 54 Kosice, Slovakia
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, 0318 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jana Stofilova
- Center of Clinical and Preclinical Research MEDIPARK, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Denisa Harvanova
- Associated Tissue Bank, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Jana Matejova
- Associated Tissue Bank, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, 040 11 Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Vlasta Demeckova
- Department of Animal Physiology, Faculty of Science, Pavol Jozef Safarik University in Kosice, 041 54 Kosice, Slovakia
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Buhe H, Ma JX, Ye FZ, Song CY, Chen XY, Liu Y, Lin H, Han X, Ma LX, Saiyin H. IDO-1 inhibitor INCB24360 elicits distant metastasis of basal extruded cancer cells in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 44:1277-1289. [DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-01035-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractNeoplastic cells of non-immunogenic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) express indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO-1), an immunosuppressive enzyme. The metabolites of IDO-1 in cancers provide one-carbon units that annihilate effector T cells, and recruit immunosuppressive cells. In this study we investigated how IDO-1 affected the neoplastic cell behaviors in PDACs. Using multiple markers co-labeling method in 45-µm-thick tissue sections, we showed that IDO-1 expression was uniquely increased in the neoplastic cells extruded from ducts’ apical or basal domain, but decreased in lymph metastatic cells. IDO-1+ extruding neoplastic cells displayed increased vimentin expression and decreased cytokeratin expression in PDACs, characteristics of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, IDO-1 expression was uncorrelated with immunosuppressive infiltrates and clinicopathological characteristics of grim outcome. We replicated basal extrusion with EMT in murine KPIC PDAC organoids by long-term IFN-γ induction; application of IDO-1 inhibitor INCB24360 or 1-MT partially reversed basal extrusion coupled EMT. Ido-1 deletion in KPIC cells deprived its tumorigenicity in immunocompetent mice, decreased cellular proliferation and macropinocytic ability, and increased immunogenicity. KPIC organoids with IFN-γ-induced basal extrusion did not accelerate distant metastasis, whereas inhibition IFN-γ-induced IDO-1 with INB24360 but not 1-MT in KPIC organoids elicited liver metastasis of subcutaneous KPIC organoid tumors, suggesting that lower IDO-1 activity accelerated distant metastasis, whereas IDO-1 was indispensable for tumorigenicity of PDAC cells and supports the survival of extruding cells.
Collapse
|
9
|
Xie L, Zheng L, Chen W, Zhai X, Guo Y, Zhang Y, Li Y, Yu W, Lai Z, Zhu Z, Li P. Trends in perivascular macrophages research from 1997 to 2021: A bibliometric analysis. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 29:816-830. [PMID: 36514189 PMCID: PMC9928555 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Perivascular macrophages (PVMs) play pivotal roles in maintaining the physiological function of the brain. Dysfunction of PVMs is emerging as an important mechanism in various disease conditions in the brain. METHODS In this work, we analyzed recent research advances in PVMs, especially in the brain, from the Web of Science (WoS) core database using bibliometric analysis based on the search terms "perivascular macrophages" and "perivascular macrophage" on October 27, 2021. Visualization and collaboration analysis were performed by Citespace (5.8 R3 mac). RESULTS We found 2384 articles published between 1997 and 2021 in the field of PVMs, which were selected for analysis. PVMs were involved in several physio-pathological fields, in which Neurosciences and Neurology, Neuroscience, Immunology, Pathology, and Cardiovascular System and Cardiology were most reported. The research focuses on PVMs mainly in the central nervous system (CNS), inflammation, macrophage or T-cell, and disease, and highlights the related basic research regarding its activation, oxidative stress, angiotensin II, and insulin resistance. Tumor-associated macrophage, obesity, myeloid cell, and inflammation were relatively recent highlight keywords that attracted increasing attention in recent years. Harvard Univ, Vrije Univ Amsterdam, occupied important positions in the research field of PVMs. Meanwhile, PVM research in China (Peking Univ, Sun Yat Sen Univ, Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, and Shandong Univ) is on the rise. Cluster co-citation analysis revealed that the mechanisms of CNS PVMs and related brain diseases are major specialties associated with PVMs, while PVMs in perivascular adipose tissue and vascular diseases or obesity are another big category of PVMs hotspots. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the research on PVMs continues to deepen, and the hotspots are constantly changing. Future studies of PVMs could have multiple disciplines intersecting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lv Xie
- Department of AnesthesiologyClinical Research Center, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Li Zheng
- Department of AnesthesiologyClinical Research Center, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Weijie Chen
- Department of AnesthesiologyClinical Research Center, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaozhu Zhai
- Department of AnesthesiologyClinical Research Center, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yunlu Guo
- Department of AnesthesiologyClinical Research Center, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yueman Zhang
- Department of AnesthesiologyClinical Research Center, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yan Li
- Department of AnesthesiologyClinical Research Center, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Weifeng Yu
- Department of AnesthesiologyClinical Research Center, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Zhongmeng Lai
- Department of AnesthesiologyFujian Medical University Union HospitalFuzhouFujianChina
| | - Ziyu Zhu
- Department of AnesthesiologyClinical Research Center, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Peiying Li
- Department of AnesthesiologyClinical Research Center, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zheng L, Guo Y, Zhai X, Zhang Y, Chen W, Zhu Z, Xuan W, Li P. Perivascular macrophages in the CNS: From health to neurovascular diseases. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 28:1908-1920. [PMID: 36128654 PMCID: PMC9627394 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain perivascular macrophages (PVMs) are attracting increasing attention as this emerging cell population in the brain has multifaced roles in supporting the central nervous system structure, brain development, and maintaining physiological functions. They also widely participate in neurological diseases such as neurodegeneration and ischemic stroke. Moreover, PVMs have been reported to have both beneficial and detrimental effects under different pathological contexts. Advanced research technologies allowed the further in-depth study of PVMs and revealed novel concepts in their origins, differentiation, and regulatory mechanisms. Deepened understanding of the roles of PVMs in different brain pathological conditions can reveal novel phenotypic changes and regulatory signaling, which might pave the way for the development of novel treatment strategies targeting PVMs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yunlu Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaozhu Zhai
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Yueman Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Weijie Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Ziyu Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Wei Xuan
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Peiying Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related GenesShanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Volk RF, Montaño JL, Warrington SE, Hofmann KL, Zaro BW. Proteomic characterization of phagocytic primary human monocyte-derived macrophages. RSC Chem Biol 2022; 3:783-793. [PMID: 35755185 PMCID: PMC9175098 DOI: 10.1039/d2cb00076h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play a vital role in the innate immune system, identifying and destroying unwanted cells. However, it has been difficult to attain a comprehensive understanding of macrophage protein abundance due to technical limitations. In addition, it remains unclear how changes in proteome composition are linked to phagocytic activity. In this study we developed methods to derive human macrophages and prepare them for mass spectrometry analysis in order to more-deeply understand the proteomic consequences of macrophage stimulation. Interferon gamma (IF-g), an immune stimulating cytokine, was used to induce macrophage activation, increasing phagocytosis of cancer cells by 2-fold. These conditions were used to perform comparative shotgun proteomics between resting macrophages and stimulated macrophages with increased phagocytic activity. Our analysis revealed that macrophages bias their protein production toward biological processes associated with phagocytosis and antigen processing in response to stimulation. We confirmed our findings by antibody-based western blotting experiments, validating both previously reported and novel proteins of interest. In addition to whole protein changes, we evaluated active protein synthesis by treating cells with the methionine surrogate probe homopropargylglycine (HPG). We saw increased rates of HPG incorporation during phagocytosis-inducing stimulation, suggesting protein synthesis rates are altered by stimulation. Together our findings provide the most comprehensive proteomic insight to date into primary human macrophages. We anticipate that this data can be used as a launchpoint to generate new hypotheses about innate immune function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Regan F Volk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Quantitative Biosciences Institute, and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Centre, University of California San Francisco CA USA
| | - José L Montaño
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Quantitative Biosciences Institute, and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Centre, University of California San Francisco CA USA
| | - Sara E Warrington
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Quantitative Biosciences Institute, and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Centre, University of California San Francisco CA USA
| | - Katherine L Hofmann
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Quantitative Biosciences Institute, and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Centre, University of California San Francisco CA USA
| | - Balyn W Zaro
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Quantitative Biosciences Institute, and Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Centre, University of California San Francisco CA USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Wang L, Ren W, Wu Q, Liu T, Wei Y, Ding J, Zhou C, Xu H, Yang S. NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation: A Therapeutic Target for Cerebral Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:847440. [PMID: 35600078 PMCID: PMC9122020 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.847440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Millions of patients are suffering from ischemic stroke, it is urgent to figure out the pathogenesis of cerebral ischemia–reperfusion (I/R) injury in order to find an effective cure. After I/R injury, pro-inflammatory cytokines especially interleukin-1β (IL-1β) upregulates in ischemic brain cells, such as microglia and neuron. To ameliorate the inflammation after cerebral I/R injury, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD), leucine-rich repeat (LRR), and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is well-investigated. NLRP3 inflammasomes are complicated protein complexes that are activated by endogenous and exogenous danger signals to participate in the inflammatory response. The assembly and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome lead to the caspase-1-dependent release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. Furthermore, pyroptosis is a pro-inflammatory cell death that occurs in a dependent manner on NLRP3 inflammasomes after cerebral I/R injury. In this review, we summarized the assembly and activation of NLRP3 inflammasome; moreover, we also concluded the pivotal role of NLRP3 inflammasome and inhibitors, targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome in cerebral I/R injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lixia Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Ren
- The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qingjuan Wu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tianzhu Liu
- The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ying Wei
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiru Ding
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chen Zhou
- The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Houping Xu
- Preventive Treatment Center, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Houping Xu
| | - Sijin Yang
- The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Sijin Yang
| |
Collapse
|