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Liou CJ, Wu SJ, Yang HC, Fang LW, Cheng SC, Huang WC. Licochalcone D ameliorates lipid metabolism in hepatocytes by modulating lipogenesis and autophagy. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 975:176644. [PMID: 38754535 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease is a metabolic disease caused by abnormal lipid accumulation in the liver. Excessive lipid accumulation results in liver inflammation and fibrosis. Previous studies have demonstrated that the chalcone licochalcone D, which is isolated from Glycyrrhiza inflata Batal, has anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory effects. The present study explored whether licochalcone D can regulate lipid accumulation in fatty liver cells. FL83B hepatocytes were incubated with oleic acid to establish a fatty liver cell model, and then treated with licochalcone D to evaluate the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of lipid metabolism. In addition, male C57BL/6 mice were fed a methionine/choline-deficient diet to induce an animal model of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) and given 5 mg/kg licochalcone D by intraperitoneal injection. In cell experiments, licochalcone D significantly reduced lipid accumulation in fatty liver cells and reduced sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c expression, blocking fatty acid synthase production. Licochalcone D increased adipose triglyceride lipase and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 expression, enhancing lipolysis and fatty acid β-oxidation, respectively. Licochalcone D also significantly increased SIRT-1 and AMPK phosphorylation, reducing acetyl-CoA carboxylase phosphorylation and inhibiting fatty acid synthesis. Licochalcone D also increased the fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes to promote autophagy, reducing oil droplet accumulation in fatty liver cells. In the animal experiments, licochalcone D effectively reduced the number of lipid vacuoles and degree of fibrosis in liver tissue and inhibited liver inflammation. Thus, licochalcone D can improve MASH by reducing lipid accumulation, inhibiting inflammation, and increasing autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chian-Jiun Liou
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, No.261, Wenhua 1st Rd., Taoyuan City, 33303, Taiwan; Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan City, 33303, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ju Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, No.261, Wenhua 1st Rd., Taoyuan City, 33303, Taiwan; Aesthetic Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, 33303, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chi Yang
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, No.261, Wenhua 1st Rd., Taoyuan City, 33303, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wen Fang
- Department of Nutrition, I-Shou University, No.8, Yida Rd. Yanchao Dist., Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chen Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, No.261, Wenhua 1st Rd., Taoyuan City, 33303, Taiwan; Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, 33303, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Chung Huang
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan City, 33303, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, No.261, Wenhua 1st Rd., Taoyuan City, 33303, Taiwan; Department of Pediatrics, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital (Built and Operated by Chang Gung Medical Foundation), New Taipei, 23656, Taiwan.
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Tian X, Wang X, Fang M, Yu L, Ma F, Wang X, Zhang L, Li P. Nutrients in rice bran oil and their nutritional functions: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38856105 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2352530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Rice is an important food crop throughout the world. Rice bran, the outer layer of rice grain, is a by-product generated during the rice milling process. Rice bran oil (RBO) is extracted from rice bran and has also become increasingly popular. RBO is considered to be one of the healthiest cooking oils due to its balanced proportion of fatty acids, as well as high content of γ-oryzanol together with phytosterols, vitamin E, wax ester, trace and macro elements, carotenoids, and phenolics. The existence of these compounds provides RBO with various functions, including hypotensive and hypolipidemic functions, antioxidant, anticancer, and immunomodulatory functions, antidiabetic function, anti-inflammatory and anti-allergenic functions, hepatoprotective activity function, and in preventing neurological diseases. Recently, research on the nutrients in RBO focused on the detection of nutrients, functions, and processing methods. However, the processing and utilization of rice bran remain sufficiently ineffective, and the processing steps will also affect the nutrients in RBO to different degrees. Therefore, this review focuses on the contents and nutritional functions of different nutrients in RBO and the possible effects of processing methods on nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseed Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan, China
| | - Xueyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseed Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan, China
| | - Mengxue Fang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseed Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan, China
| | - Li Yu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseed Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan, China
| | - Fei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseed Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan, China
| | - Xuefang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseed Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan, China
| | - Liangxiao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseed Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, China
- Zhongyuan Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, China
| | - Peiwu Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Laboratory of Risk Assessment for Oilseed Products (Wuhan), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Quality Inspection and Test Center for Oilseed Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; Oil Crops Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics/Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, Nanjing, China
- Xianghu Laboratory, Hangzhou, China
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3
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Saad HM, Oda SS, Alexiou A, Papadakis M, Mahmoud MH, Batiha GES, Khalifa E. Hepatoprotective activity of Lactéol® forte and quercetin dihydrate against thioacetamide-induced hepatic cirrhosis in male albino rats. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18196. [PMID: 38534093 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver cirrhosis is a silent disease in humans and is experimentally induced by many drugs and toxins as thioacetamide (TAA) in particular, which is the typical model for experimental induction of hepatic fibrosis. Thus, the objective of the present study was to elucidate the possible protective effects of lactéol® forte (LF) and quercetin dihydrate (QD) against TAA-induced hepatic damage in male albino rats. Induction of hepatotoxicity was performed by TAA injection (200 mg/kg I/P, twice/ week) in rats. LF (1 × 109 CFU/rat 5 times/week) and QD (50 mg/kg 5 times/week) treated groups were administered concurrently with TAA injection (200 mg/kg I/P, twice/ week). The experimental treatments were conducted for 12 weeks. Hepatotoxicity was evaluated biochemically by measuring alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) in the serum and histopathologically with the scoring of histopathological changes besides histochemical assessment of collagen by Masson's trichrome and immunohistochemical analysis for α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), Ki67 and caspase-3 expression in liver sections. Our results indicated that LF and QD attenuated some biochemical changes and histochemical markers in TAA-mediated hepatotoxicity in rats by amelioration of biochemical markers and collagen, α-SMA, Ki67 and caspase3 Immunoexpression. Additionally, LF and QD supplementation downregulated the proliferative, necrotic, fibroblastic changes, eosinophilic intranuclear inclusions, hyaline globules and Mallory-like bodies that were detected histopathologically in the TAA group. In conclusion, LF showed better hepatic protection than QD against TAA-induced hepatotoxicity in rats by inhibiting inflammatory reactions with the improvement of some serum hepatic transaminases, histopathological picture and immunohistochemical markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hebatallah M Saad
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Matrouh, Egypt
| | - Samah S Oda
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Abees, Alexandria Province, Egypt
| | - Athanasios Alexiou
- University Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India
- Department of Research & Development, Funogen, Athens, Greece
- Department of Research & Development, AFNP Med, Wien, Austria
- Department of Science and Engineering, Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Hebersham, New South Wales, Germany
| | - Marios Papadakis
- Department of Surgery II, University Hospital Witten-Herdecke, Heusnerstrasse 40, University of Witten-Herdecke, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Mohamed H Mahmoud
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, AlBeheira, Egypt
| | - Eman Khalifa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Matrouh University, Matrouh, Egypt
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Cheng SC, Liou CJ, Wu YX, Yeh KW, Chen LC, Huang WC. Gypenoside XIII regulates lipid metabolism in HepG2 hepatocytes and ameliorates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in mice. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2024; 40:280-290. [PMID: 38294255 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Gypenoside XIII is isolated from Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino. In mice, G. pentaphyllum extract and gypenoside LXXV have been shown to improve non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). This study investigated whether gypenoside XIII can regulate lipid accumulation in fatty liver cells or attenuate NASH in mice. We used HepG2 hepatocytes to establish a fatty liver cell model using 0.5 mM oleic acid. Fatty liver cells were treated with different concentrations of gypenoside XIII to evaluate the molecular mechanisms of lipid metabolism. In addition, a methionine/choline-deficient diet induced NASH in C57BL/6 mice, which were given 10 mg/kg gypenoside XIII by intraperitoneal injection. In fatty liver cells, gypenoside XIII effectively suppressed lipid accumulation and lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, gypenoside XIII significantly increased SIRT1 and AMPK phosphorylation to decrease acetyl-CoA carboxylase phosphorylation, reducing fatty acid synthesis activity. Gypenoside XIII also decreased lipogenesis by suppressing sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c and fatty acid synthase production. Gypenoside XIII also increased lipolysis and fatty acid β-oxidation by promoting adipose triglyceride lipase and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1, respectively. In an animal model of NASH, gypenoside XIII effectively decreased the lipid vacuole size and number and reduced liver fibrosis and inflammation. These findings suggest that gypenoside XIII can regulate lipid metabolism in fatty liver cells and improve liver fibrosis in NASH mice. Therefore, gypenoside XIII has potential as a novel agent for the treatment of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Chen Cheng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Chian-Jiun Liou
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Xuan Wu
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wei Yeh
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chen Chen
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital (Built and Operated by Chang Gung Medical Foundation), New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chung Huang
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital (Built and Operated by Chang Gung Medical Foundation), New Taipei, Taiwan
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Dai X, Du Z, Jin C, Tang B, Chen X, Jing X, Shen Y, He F, Wang S, Li J, Ding K, Zang Y. Inulin-like polysaccharide ABWW may impede CCl 4 induced hepatic stellate cell activation through mediating the FAK/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in vitro & in vivo. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 326:121637. [PMID: 38142102 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Studies have shown that terrestrial acidic polysaccharides containing carboxyl groups and seaweed sulfated polysaccharides have strong potential in anti-liver fibrosis. However, there is no investigation on the anti-liver fibrosis of fructan, a ubiquitous natural polysaccharide. The present study aimed to understand the effect of fructan in ameliorating carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver fibrosis in mice. Here, an inulin-like fructan ABWW from Achyranthes bidentata Bl. was characterized by fructose enzymatic hydrolysis, methylation analysis, ESI-MS, and NMR. It was composed of →2)-β-d-Fruf-(1→ and →2)-β-d-Fruf-(1, 6→, terminated with →1)-α-d-Glcp and →2)-β-d-Fruf residues. The biological studies showed that ABWW could improve liver damage and liver fibrosis induced by CCl4in vivo and inhibit hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and migration in vitro. We further demonstrated that ABWW inhibited LX2 activation via suppressing the FAK/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Hence, ABWW might be a potential novel active compound for anti-fibrosis new drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolan Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhenyun Du
- Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Lab, Carbohydrate Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Can Jin
- Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Lab, Carbohydrate Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 563003, China
| | - Bixi Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xia Chen
- Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Lab, Carbohydrate Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiaoqi Jing
- Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Lab, Carbohydrate Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yumei Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Fei He
- Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Lab, Carbohydrate Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shunchun Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Jia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China; ZhongShan Institute for Drug Discovery, Zhongshan Tsuihang New District, Guangdong 528400, China.
| | - Kan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Glycochemistry and Glycobiology Lab, Carbohydrate Drug Research Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; ZhongShan Institute for Drug Discovery, Zhongshan Tsuihang New District, Guangdong 528400, China.
| | - Yi Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai 201203, China; School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China.
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Elbaset MA, Mohamed BMSA, Hessin A, Abd El‐Rahman SS, Esatbeyoglu T, Afifi SM, Fayed HM. Nrf2/HO-1, NF-κB and PI3K/Akt signalling pathways decipher the therapeutic mechanism of pitavastatin in early phase liver fibrosis in rats. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18116. [PMID: 38214394 PMCID: PMC10844702 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a common chronic hepatic disease. This study aimed to investigate the effect of pitavastatin (Pit) against thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver fibrosis. Rats were divided into four groups: (1) control group; (2) TAA group (100 mg/kg, i.p.) three times weekly for 2 weeks; (3 and 4) TAA/Pit-treated group, in which Pit was administered orally (0.4 and 0.8 mg/kg/day) for 2 weeks following TAA injections. TAA caused liver damage manifested by elevated serum transaminases, reduced albumin and histological alterations. Hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) was increased, and glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were decreased in TAA-administered rats. TAA upregulated the inflammatory markers NF-κB, NF-κB p65, TNF-α and IL-6. Treatment with Pit ameliorated serum transaminases, elevated serum albumin and prevented histopathological changes in TAA-intoxicated rats. Pit suppressed MDA, NF-κB, NF-κB p65, the inflammatory cytokines and PI3K mRNA in TAA-intoxicated rats. In addition, Pit enhanced hepatic antioxidants and boosted the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) mRNA. Moreover, immunohistological studies supported the ability of Pit to reduce liver fibrosis via suppressing p-AKT expression. In conclusion, Pit effectively prevents TAA-induced liver fibrosis by attenuating oxidative stress and the inflammatory response. The hepatoprotective efficacy of Pit was associated with the upregulation of Nrf2/HO-1 and downregulation of NF-κB and PI3K/Akt signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marawan A. Elbaset
- Department of PharmacologyMedical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research CentreGizaEgypt
| | - Bassim M. S. A. Mohamed
- Department of PharmacologyMedical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research CentreGizaEgypt
| | - Alyaa Hessin
- Department of PharmacologyMedical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research CentreGizaEgypt
| | | | - Tuba Esatbeyoglu
- Department of Molecular Food Chemistry and Food Development, Institute of Food Science and Human NutritionGottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University HannoverHannoverGermany
| | - Sherif M. Afifi
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of PharmacyUniversity of Sadat CitySadat CityEgypt
| | - Hany M. Fayed
- Department of PharmacologyMedical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research CentreGizaEgypt
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Singh S, Nirala SK, Bhadauria M. Comparative role of acetaminophen, carbon tetrachloride and thioacetamide in development of fibrosis in rats. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2024; 13:tfad114. [PMID: 38179004 PMCID: PMC10762665 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfad114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Several hepatotoxicants such as acetaminophen, carbon tetrachloride, and thioacetamide are repeatedly used to develop hepatic fibrosis to mimic the histological and hemodynamic characteristics of human illness. It may be a good idea to establish a better model among these hepatotoxicants to develop hepatic fibrosis. Aim The present study evaluated comparative toxic effects of three model hepatotoxicants for experimental progression of fibrosis or cirrhosis. Materials and methods Acetaminophen (200 mg/kg), carbon tetrachloride (200 µl/kg) and thioacetamide (200 mg/kg) were administered orally, thrice in a week for 8 weeks in different groups. After 8 weeks of exposure, animals were euthanized, blood and tissues were collected for various hematological, serological, tissue biochemical analysis and histological observations for comparative assessment of toxic consequences. Results Significant deviation was noted in liver function tests, lipid peroxidation, glutathione, activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and GSH cycle enzymes; aniline hydroxylase, amidopyrine-N-demethylase, DNA fragmentation and level of hydroxyproline when compared with control group. Histology also depicted damage in liver histoarchitecture with exposure to acetaminophen, carbon tetrachloride and thioacetamide. Tukey's HSD post hoc test confirmed that thioacetamide produced severe toxic effects in comparison to carbon tetrachloride and acetaminophen. Conclusion In conclusion, toxic effects were noted in ascending order as acetaminophen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Singh
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas University, Koni-Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh 495009, India
| | - Satendra Kumar Nirala
- Laboratory of Natural Products, Department of Rural Technology and Social Development, Guru Ghasidas University, Koni-Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh 495009, India
| | - Monika Bhadauria
- Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Guru Ghasidas University, Koni-Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh 495009, India
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Elbaset MA, Mohamed BMSA, Moustafa PE, Esatbeyoglu T, Afifi SM, Hessin AF, Abdelrahman SS, Fayed HM. Renoprotective Effect of Pitavastatin against TAA-Induced Renal Injury: Involvement of the miR-93/PTEN/AKT/mTOR Pathway. Adv Pharmacol Pharm Sci 2024; 2024:6681873. [PMID: 38293706 PMCID: PMC10827367 DOI: 10.1155/2024/6681873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
This research investigated if pitavastatin (Pita) might protect rats' kidneys against thioacetamide (TAA). By altering the PTEN/AKT/mTOR pathway, pitavastatin may boost kidney antioxidant capacity and minimize oxidative damage. Statins have several benefits, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory characteristics. The principal hypothesis of this study was that Pita can regulate the miR-93/PTEN/AKT/mTOR pathways, which is thought to be responsible for its renoprotective effects. The experiment divided male rats into four groups. Group 1 included untreated rats as the control. Group 2 included rats which received TAA (100 mg/kg intraperitoneally thrice a week for two weeks) to destroy their kidneys. Groups 3 and 4 included rats which received Pita orally at 0.4 and 0.8 mg/kg for 14 days after TAA injections. Renal injury increased BUN, creatinine, and MDA levels and decreased glutathione (GSH) levels. Pitavastatin prevented these alterations. TAA decreased PTEN and increased miR-93, Akt, p-Akt, mTOR, and Stat3 in the kidneys. Pitavastatin also regulated the associated culprit pathway, miR-93/PTEN/Akt/mTOR. In addition, TAA induced adverse effects on the kidney tissue, which were significantly ameliorated by pitavastatin treatment. The findings suggest that pitavastatin can attenuate renal injury, likely by regulating the miR-93/PTEN/Akt/mTOR pathway. This modulation of the pathway appears to contribute to the protective effects of pitavastatin against TAA-induced renal injury, adding to the growing evidence of the pleiotropic benefits of statins in renal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marawan A. Elbaset
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Bassim M. S. A. Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Passant E. Moustafa
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Tuba Esatbeyoglu
- Department of Molecular Food Chemistry and Food Development, Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Am Kleinen Felde 30, Hannover 30167, Germany
| | - Sherif M. Afifi
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt
| | - Alyaa F. Hessin
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sahar S. Abdelrahman
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hany M. Fayed
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
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9
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Mohammed OS, Attia HG, Mohamed BMSA, Elbaset MA, Fayed HM. Current investigations for liver fibrosis treatment: between repurposing the FDA-approved drugs and the other emerging approaches. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY & PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES : A PUBLICATION OF THE CANADIAN SOCIETY FOR PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES, SOCIETE CANADIENNE DES SCIENCES PHARMACEUTIQUES 2023; 26:11808. [PMID: 38022905 PMCID: PMC10662312 DOI: 10.3389/jpps.2023.11808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Long-term liver injuries lead to hepatic fibrosis, often progressing into cirrhosis, liver failure, portal hypertension, and hepatocellular carcinoma. There is currently no effective therapy available for liver fibrosis. Thus, continuous investigations for anti-fibrotic therapy are ongoing. The main theme of anti-fibrotic investigation during recent years is the rationale-based selection of treatment molecules according to the current understanding of the pathology of the disease. The research efforts are mainly toward repurposing current FDA-approved drugs targeting etiological molecular factors involved in developing liver fibrosis. In parallel, investigations also focus on experimental small molecules with evidence to hinder or reverse the fibrosis. Natural compounds, immunological, and genetic approaches have shown significant encouraging effects. This review summarizes the efficacy and safety of current under-investigation antifibrosis medications targeting various molecular targets, as well as the properties of antifibrosis medications, mainly in phase II and III clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omima S. Mohammed
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hany G. Attia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bassim M. S. A. Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marawan A. Elbaset
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hany M. Fayed
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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10
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Bogahawaththa S, Kawamura T, Bandaranayake U, Hirakawa T, Yamada G, Ishino H, Hirohashi T, Kawaguchi SI, Wijesundera KK, Wijayagunawardane MPB, Ishimaru K, Kodithuwakku SP, Tsujita T. Identification and mechanistic investigation of ellagitannins from Osbeckia octandra that attenuate liver fibrosis via the TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2023; 87:1295-1309. [PMID: 37580142 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbad114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Fibrosis is a major problem in chronic liver disease with limited treatment options due to its complex nature. Herbal medicines are often used as an alternative. The aim of this study was to investigate the therapeutic potential of Osbeckia octandra and to identify its active compounds and regulatory pathways. The effects of crude leaf suspension and boiled leaf extract were investigated in an animal model, and the extract was found to be the more effective treatment. Three major bioactive compounds, pedunculagin, casuarinin, and gallic acid, were isolated from the extract using the hepatic stellate cell line, LX-2-based antifibrotic effect evaluation system. The results showed that all these compounds ameliorated LX-2 in fibrotic state. This inhibitory mechanism was confirmed through the TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway. Collectively, the presence of these compounds in O. octandra suggests its potential as a treatment for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudarma Bogahawaththa
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Advanced Lifesciences and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga, 840-8502, Japan
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | - Tomoaki Kawamura
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Advanced Lifesciences and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga, 840-8502, Japan
| | - Udari Bandaranayake
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
- Department of Functional Material Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo-Okubo 225, Sakura-ku, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Hirakawa
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Advanced Lifesciences and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga, 840-8502, Japan
| | - Goki Yamada
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Advanced Lifesciences and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga, 840-8502, Japan
| | - Hana Ishino
- Department of Biological Resource Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1 Honjo, Saga, 840-8502, Japan
| | - Tsuzumi Hirohashi
- Department of Biological Resource Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1 Honjo, Saga, 840-8502, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Kawaguchi
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
- Center for Education and Research in Agricultural Innovation, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Karatsu, Saga, 847-0021, Japan
| | - Kavindra K Wijesundera
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Kanji Ishimaru
- Department of Biological Resource Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, 1 Honjo, Saga, 840-8502, Japan
| | - Suranga P Kodithuwakku
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
- ERA Chair COMBIVET, Institute of veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Estonian University of Life Science, Tartu, 51014, Estonia
| | - Tadayuki Tsujita
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, 890-0065, Japan
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Advanced Lifesciences and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Saga, 840-8502, Japan
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11
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Elbaset MA, Mohamed BMSA, Gad SA, Afifi SM, Esatbeyoglu T, Abdelrahman SS, Fayed HM. Erythropoietin mitigated thioacetamide-induced renal injury via JAK2/STAT5 and AMPK pathway. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14929. [PMID: 37697015 PMCID: PMC10495371 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42210-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The kidney flushes out toxic substances and metabolic waste products, and homeostasis is maintained owing to the kidney efforts. Unfortunately, kidney disease is one of the illnesses with a poor prognosis and a high death rate. The current investigation was set out to assess erythropoietin (EPO) potential therapeutic benefits against thioacetamide (TAA)-induced kidney injury in rats. EPO treatment improved kidney functions, ameliorated serum urea, creatinine, and malondialdehyde, increased renal levels of reduced glutathione, and slowed the rise of JAK2, STAT5, AMPK, and their phosphorylated forms induced by TAA. EPO treatment also greatly suppressed JAK2, Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases, and The Protein Kinase R-like ER Kinase gene expressions and mitigated the histopathological alterations brought on by TAA toxicity. EPO antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties protected TAA-damaged kidneys. EPO regulates AMPK, JAK2/STAT5, and pro-inflammatory mediator synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marawan A Elbaset
- Pharmacology Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, P.O. 12622, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Bassim M S A Mohamed
- Pharmacology Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, P.O. 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shaimaa A Gad
- Pharmacology Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, P.O. 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sherif M Afifi
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, 32897, Egypt
| | - Tuba Esatbeyoglu
- Department of Food Development and Food Quality, Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Am Kleinen Felde 30, 30167, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Sahar S Abdelrahman
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hany M Fayed
- Pharmacology Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, P.O. 12622, Cairo, Egypt
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12
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Elbaset MA, Mohamed BMSA, Moustafa PE, Mansour DF, Afifi SM, Esatbeyoglu T, Abdelrahman SSM, Fayed HM. Erythropoietin Suppresses the Hepatic Fibrosis Caused by Thioacetamide: Role of the PI3K/Akt and TLR4 Signaling Pathways. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2023; 2023:5514248. [PMID: 37649466 PMCID: PMC10465256 DOI: 10.1155/2023/5514248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Erythropoietin (EPO) is recognized for its function in erythropoiesis; however, its potential antifibrotic effect against liver fibrosis remains unknown. This study examined whether EPO affects thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver fibrosis by concentrating on the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) cascade and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway as possible pathways. Male Wistar rats were randomized into four groups, which included: the negative control group, the TAA group (intraperitoneal; TAA 100 mg/kg three times per week for 2 weeks), and EPO-treated groups (150 and 300 IU/kg, i.p.) for 2 weeks after TAA injections. EPO attenuated hepatic fibrosis in a dosage-dependent way, as manifested by the diminution in serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities, as well as the increase in albumin level. EPO inhibited the increase in tissue levels of tumor necrosis factors-α, interleukin-1β, transforming growth factor-β1, and TLR4 and raised tissue levels of PI3K and p-PI3K. EPO antioxidant properties were demonstrated by restoring hepatic glutathione and superoxide dismutase by preventing the accumulation of hepatic malondialdehyde. Further, EPO increased the protein expression of PI3K and Akt and decreased TLR4 protein expression. Immunohistochemically, EPO treatment altered tissue histology and downregulated mitogen-activated protein kinase protein expression. Overall, the research suggested that EPO could prevent TAA-induced hepatic fibrosis through upregulating the PI3K/Akt signaling cascade and downregulation the TLR4 downstream axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marawan A. Elbaset
- Pharmacology Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, P.O. Box 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Bassim M. S. A. Mohamed
- Pharmacology Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, P.O. Box 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Passant E. Moustafa
- Pharmacology Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, P.O. Box 12622, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dina F. Mansour
- Pharmacology Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, P.O. Box 12622, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Galala University, Attaka, Suez, Egypt
| | - Sherif M. Afifi
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt
| | - Tuba Esatbeyoglu
- Department of Food Development and Food Quality, Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Am Kleinen Felde 30, Hannover 30167, Germany
| | - Sahar S. M. Abdelrahman
- Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, P.O. Box 12211, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hany M. Fayed
- Pharmacology Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, P.O. Box 12622, Cairo, Egypt
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13
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Wang Y, Shi K, Tu J, Ke C, Chen N, Wang B, Liu Y, Zhou Z. Atractylenolide III Ameliorates Bile Duct Ligation-Induced Liver Fibrosis by Inhibiting the PI3K/AKT Pathway and Regulating Glutamine Metabolism. Molecules 2023; 28:5504. [PMID: 37513376 PMCID: PMC10383814 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is one of the leading causes of hepatic sclerosis and hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide. However, the complex pathophysiological mechanisms of liver fibrosis are unknown, and no specific drugs are available to treat liver fibrosis. Atractylenolide III (ATL III) is a natural compound isolated from the plant Atractylodes lancea (Thunb.) DC. that possesses antioxidant properties and the ability to inhibit inflammatory responses. In this study, cholestatic hepatic fibrosis was induced in mice using a bile duct ligation (BDL) model and treated with 10 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg of ATL III via gavage for 14 days. ATL III significantly reduced the liver index, lowered serum ALT and AST levels, and reduced liver injury in bile-duct-ligated mice. In addition, ATL III significantly attenuated histopathological changes and reduced collagen deposition. ATL III reduced the expression of fibrosis-related genes α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), Collagen I (col1a1), Collagen IV (col4a2), and fibrosis-related proteins α-SMA and col1a1 in liver tissue. Using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to screen molecular targets and pathways, ATL III was found to affect the PI3K/AKT singling pathway by inhibiting the phosphorylation of PI3K and AKT, thereby ameliorating BDL-induced liver fibrosis. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to evaluate the effect of ATL III on liver metabolites in BDL mice. ATL III further affected glutamine metabolism by down-regulating the activity of glutamine (GLS1) and glutamine metabolism. ATL III further affected glutamine metabolism by down-regulating the activity of glutaminase (GLS1), as well as glutamine metabolism. Therefore, we conclude that ATL III attenuates liver fibrosis by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT pathway and glutamine metabolism, suggesting that ATL III is a potential drug candidate for treating liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Kun Shi
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Jiyuan Tu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
- Center for Hubei TCM Processing Technology Engineering, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Chang Ke
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Niping Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Bo Wang
- Hubei Institute for Drug Control, NMPA Key Laboratory of Quality Control of Chinese Medicine, Hubei Engineering Research Center for Drug Quality Control, Wuhan 430075, China
| | - Yanju Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
- Center for Hubei TCM Processing Technology Engineering, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Zhongshi Zhou
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
- Center for Hubei TCM Processing Technology Engineering, Wuhan 430065, China
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14
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Dagar N, Kale A, Jadhav HR, Gaikwad AB. Nutraceuticals and network pharmacology approach for acute kidney injury: A review from the drug discovery aspect. Fitoterapia 2023; 168:105563. [PMID: 37295755 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2023.105563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) has become a global health issue, with ~12 million reports yearly, resulting in a persistent increase in morbidity and mortality rates. AKI pathophysiology is multifactorial involving oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, epigenetic modifications, inflammation, and eventually, cell death. Hence, therapies able to target multiple pathomechanisms can aid in AKI management. To change the drug discovery framework from "one drug, one target" to "multicomponent, multitarget," network pharmacology is evolving as a next-generation research approach. Researchers have used the network pharmacology approach to predict the role of nutraceuticals against different ailments including AKI. Nutraceuticals (herbal products, isolated nutrients, and dietary supplements) belong to the pioneering category of natural products and have shown protective action against AKI. Nutraceuticals have recently drawn attention because of their ability to provide physiological benefits with less toxic effects. This review emphasizes the nutraceuticals that exhibited renoprotection against AKI and can be used either as monotherapy or adjuvant with conventional therapies to boost their effectiveness and lessen the adverse effects. Additionally, the study sheds light on the application of network pharmacology as a cost-effective and time-saving approach for the therapeutic target prediction of nutraceuticals against AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Dagar
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Ajinath Kale
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Hemant R Jadhav
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Anil Bhanudas Gaikwad
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India.
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15
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Hamada Abd-Allah W, Abd El-Mohsen Anwar M, Mohammed ER, Elbaset MA, El Moghazy SM. Exploring new cyclohexane carboxamides based GABA agonist: Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, in silico ADME and docking studies. Bioorg Chem 2023; 136:106561. [PMID: 37119786 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
The new series of 5a-e, 6a-e and 7a-e derivatives were designed, synthesized and tested for their anticonvulsant activity using "gold standard methods" ScPTZ and MES model, neurotoxicity, liver enzymes and neurochemical assay. Screening of the synthesized analogues exhibited variable anticonvulsant potential especially in chemically induced seizures. Quantification study showed that compounds 6d and 6e were the most potent analogues with ED50 44.77 and 11.31 mg/kg, respectively in ScPTZ test. Compound 6e (0.031 mmol/kg) was about 2 fold more potent than phenobarbital (0.056 mmol/kg) and was 30 folds more potent than Ethosuximide (0.92 mmol/kg) as reference standard drug. Moreover, all the synthesized compounds were screened for acute neurotoxicity using the rotarod method to recognize motor impairment, whereas all compounds devoid from neurotoxicity except compound 5a, 5b, 7a and 7e. The most active compounds were examined for acute toxicity and the estimates for LD50 were stated. Further neurochemical study was performed to investigate the effect of the most active compounds in ScPTZ test on GABA level in brain of the mice; a significant elevation in GABA level was obvious for compound 6d compared to control group confirming GABAergic modulating activity. Docking study was accomplished to examine the binding interaction of the newly synthesized analogues with GABA-AT enzyme. Additionally, physicochemical and pharmacokinetic parameters were predicted. The attained results indicate that the newly target compounds are considered a promising scaffolds for further development of newly anticonvulsants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa Hamada Abd-Allah
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Collage of Pharmaceutical Science and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, P.O. 77, 6th of October City, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Mostafa Abd El-Mohsen Anwar
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Collage of Pharmaceutical Science and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University for Science and Technology, P.O. 77, 6th of October City, Giza, Egypt
| | - Eman R Mohammed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 11562 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Marawan A Elbaset
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Samir M El Moghazy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 11562 Cairo, Egypt
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16
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Ezhilarasan D. Molecular mechanisms in thioacetamide-induced acute and chronic liver injury models. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 99:104093. [PMID: 36870405 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Thioacetamide (TAA) undergoes bioactivation in the liver by the CYP450 2E1 enzyme, resulting in the formation of TAA-S-oxide and TAA-S-dioxide. TAA-S-dioxide induces oxidative stress via lipid peroxidation of the hepatocellular membrane. A single TAA dose (50-300 mg/kg) administration initiates hepatocellular necrosis around the pericentral region after its covalent binding to macromolecules in the liver. Intermittent TAA administration (150-300 mg/kg, weekly thrice, for 11-16 weeks) activates transforming growth factor (TGF)-β/smad3 downstream signaling in injured hepatocytes, causing hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) to acquire myofibroblast like phenotype. The activated HSCs synthesize a variety of extracellular matrix, leading to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and portal hypertension. The TAA induced liver injury varies depending on the animal model, dosage, frequency, and routes of administration. However, TAA induces hepatotoxicity in a reproducible manner, and it is an ideal model to evaluate the antioxidant, cytoprotective, and antifibrotic compounds in experimental animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devaraj Ezhilarasan
- Department of Pharmacology, Molecular Medicine and Toxicology Lab, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600 077, India.
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17
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ElBaset MA, Salem RS, Ayman F, Ayman N, Shaban N, Afifi SM, Esatbeyoglu T, Abdelaziz M, Elalfy ZS. Effect of Empagliflozin on Thioacetamide-Induced Liver Injury in Rats: Role of AMPK/SIRT-1/HIF-1α Pathway in Halting Liver Fibrosis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:2152. [PMID: 36358524 PMCID: PMC9686640 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic fibrosis causes severe morbidity and death. No viable treatment can repair fibrosis and protect the liver until now. We intended to discover the empagliflozin's (EMPA) hepatoprotective efficacy in thioacetamide (TAA)-induced hepatotoxicity by targeting AMPK/SIRT-1 activity and reducing HIF-1α. Rats were treated orally with EMPA (3 or 6 mg/kg) with TAA (100 mg/kg, IP) thrice weekly for 6 weeks. EMPA in both doses retracted the serum GGT, ALT, AST, ammonia, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and increased serum albumin. At the same time, EMPA (3 or 6 mg/kg) replenished the hepatic content of GSH, ATP, AMP, AMPK, or SIRT-1 and mitigated the hepatic content of MDA, TNF-α, IL-6, NF-κB, or HIF-1α in a dose-dependent manner. Likewise, hepatic photomicrograph stained with hematoxylin and eosin or Masson trichrome stain of EMPA (3 or 6 mg/kg) revealed marked regression of the hepatotoxic effect of TAA with minimal injury. Similarly, in rats given EMPA (3 or 6 mg/kg), the immunohistochemically of hepatic photomicrograph revealed minimal stain of either α-SMA or caspase-3 compared to the TAA group. Therefore, we concluded that EMPA possessed an antifibrotic effect by targeting AMPK/SIRT-1 activity and inhibiting HIF-1α. The present study provided new insight into a novel treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwan A. ElBaset
- Pharmacology Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Cairo P.O. Box 12622, Egypt
| | - Rana S. Salem
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Science and Arts, Cairo 12451, Egypt
| | - Fairouz Ayman
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Science and Arts, Cairo 12451, Egypt
| | - Nadeen Ayman
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Science and Arts, Cairo 12451, Egypt
| | - Nooran Shaban
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Science and Arts, Cairo 12451, Egypt
| | - Sherif M. Afifi
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City 32897, Egypt
| | - Tuba Esatbeyoglu
- Department of Food Development and Food Quality, Institute of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz University Hannover, Am Kleinen Felde 30, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Mahmoud Abdelaziz
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October University for Modern Science and Arts, Cairo 12451, Egypt
| | - Zahraa S. Elalfy
- Pathology Department Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Cairo P.O. Box 12622, Egypt
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18
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Ogaly HA, Abdel-Rahman RF, Mohamed MAE, O A AF, Khattab MS, Abd-Elsalam RM. Thymol ameliorated neurotoxicity and cognitive deterioration in a thioacetamide-induced hepatic encephalopathy rat model; involvement of the BDNF/CREB signaling pathway. Food Funct 2022; 13:6180-6194. [PMID: 35583008 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo04292k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we aimed to delineate the neuroprotective potential of thymol (THY) against neurotoxicity and cognitive deterioration induced by thioacetamide (TAA) in an experimental model of hepatic encephalopathy (HE). Rats received TAA (100 mg kg-1, intraperitoneally injected, three times per week) for two weeks. THY (30 and 60 mg kg-1), and Vit E (100 mg k-1) were administered daily by oral gavage for 30 days after HE induction. Supplementation with THY significantly improved liver function, reduced serum ammonia level, and ameliorated the locomotor and cognitive deficits. THY effectively modulated the alteration in oxidative stress markers, neurotransmitters, and brain ATP content. Histopathology of liver and brain tissues showed that THY had ameliorated TAA-induced damage, astrocyte swelling and brain edema. Furthermore, THY downregulated NF-kB and upregulated GFAP protein expression. In addition, THY significantly promoted CREB and BDNF expression at both mRNA and protein levels, together with enhancing brain cAMP level. In conclusion, THY exerted hepato- and neuroprotective effects against HE by mitigating hepatotoxicity, hyperammonemia and brain ATP depletion via its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory effects in addition to activation of the CREB/BDNF signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan A Ogaly
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia. .,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rehab F Abdel-Rahman
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Marawan Abd Elbaset Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed-Farid O A
- Department of Physiology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Giza, Egypt
| | - Marwa S Khattab
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Reham M Abd-Elsalam
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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D-Carvone Attenuates CCl 4-Induced Liver Fibrosis in Rats by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and TGF-ß 1/SMAD3 Signaling Pathway. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11050739. [PMID: 35625467 PMCID: PMC9138456 DOI: 10.3390/biology11050739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
D-carvone is a natural monoterpene found in abundance in the essential oil of aromatic medicinal plants with a wide range of pharmacological values. However, the impact of D-carvone on liver fibrosis remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-fibrotic potential of D-carvone in a rat model of liver fibrosis and to clarify the possible underlying mechanisms. Liver fibrosis was induced in rats by carbon tetrachloride, CCl4 (2.5 mL/kg, interperitoneally every 72 h for 8 weeks). Oral treatment of rats with D-carvone (50 mg/kg, daily) started on the 3rd week of CCl4 administration. D-carvone significantly enhanced liver functions (ALT, AST), oxidant/antioxidant status (MDA, SOD, GSH, total antioxidant capacity; TAC), as well as histopathological changes. Moreover, D-carvone effectively attenuated the progression of liver fibrosis, evident by the decreased collagen deposition and fibrosis score by Masson trichrome staining (MT) and α-SMA protein expression. Moreover, D-carvone administration resulted in a significant downregulation of the pro-fibrogenic markers TGF-β1 and SMAD3 and upregulation of MMP9. These findings reveal the anti-fibrotic effect of D-carvone and suggest regulation of the TGF-β1/SMAD3 pathway, together with the antioxidant activity as a mechanistic cassette, underlines this effect. Therefore, D-carvone could be a viable candidate for inhibiting liver fibrosis and other oxidative stress-related hepatic diseases. Clinical studies to support our hypothesis are warranted.
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Zaghloul RA, Zaghloul AM, El-Kashef DH. Hepatoprotective effect of Baicalin against thioacetamide-induced cirrhosis in rats: Targeting NOX4/NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling pathways. Life Sci 2022; 295:120410. [PMID: 35182557 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aim Liver cirrhosis is the result of a vicious cycle of both chronic oxidative stress and inflammation. NADPH oxidase-4 (NOX4) and its companion, NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, are emerging as therapeutic targets of liver fibrosis. MAIN METHODS Baicalin (BA), a natural flavone, has been investigated for its therapeutic potential against cirrhosis induced by thioacetamide (TAA) (200 mg/kg, twice/week) for 12 weeks in Sprague-Dawley rats. Two doses of BA were administered (25 and 75 mg/kg/day, orally, a week after TAA was stopped and continued for 4 weeks). KEY FINDINGS BA was able to reduce fibrosis visualized by Masson trichrome and immunohistochemical staining of the hepatic α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and transforming growth factor-β1. Moreover, BA was able to ameliorate inflammation by reducing hepatic NLRP3 inflammasome subunits, NLRP3 and caspase-1, both parts of the complex responsible for the activation of different interleukins (IL), measured as IL-1β. In addition, BA was able to reduce hepatic nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)-driven inflammation through IL-6. BA targeted inflammation through its anti-oxidant ability evidenced by the enhancement of the hepatic superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH) activity and level, respectively, and the reduction of both hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NOx) contents. Treatment with BA significantly decreased TAA-induced elevation in hepatic NOX4, a key enzyme for reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, as well as, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). SIGNIFICANCE therefore, the study could conclude, the anti-fibrotic effect of BA through TGF- β1/NOX4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway, exerting both anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randa A Zaghloul
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, 35516, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed M Zaghloul
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, 35516, Egypt
| | - Dalia H El-Kashef
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
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