1
|
Montemurro T, Lavazza C, Montelatici E, Budelli S, La Rosa S, Barilani M, Mei C, Manzini P, Ratti I, Cimoni S, Brasca M, Prati D, Saporiti G, Astori G, Elice F, Giordano R, Lazzari L. Off-the-Shelf Cord-Blood Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: Production, Quality Control, and Clinical Use. Cells 2024; 13:1066. [PMID: 38920694 PMCID: PMC11202005 DOI: 10.3390/cells13121066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have gained recognition for their clinical utility in transplantation to induce tolerance and to improve/replace pharmacological immunosuppression. Cord blood (CB)-derived MSCs are particularly attractive for their immunological naivety and peculiar anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to obtain an inventory of CB MSCs able to support large-scale advanced therapy medicinal product (ATMP)-based clinical trials. STUDY DESIGN We isolated MSCs by plastic adherence in a GMP-compliant culture system. We established a well-characterized master cell bank and expanded a working cell bank to generate batches of finished MSC(CB) products certified for clinical use. The MSC(CB) produced by our facility was used in approved clinical trials or for therapeutic use, following single-patient authorization as an immune-suppressant agent. RESULTS We show the feasibility of a well-defined MSC manufacturing process and describe the main indications for which the MSCs were employed. We delve into a regulatory framework governing advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs), emphasizing the need of stringent quality control and safety assessments. From March 2012 to June 2023, 263 of our Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP)-certified MSC(CB) preparations were administered as ATMPs in 40 subjects affected by Graft-vs.-Host Disease, nephrotic syndrome, or bronco-pulmonary dysplasia of the newborn. There was no infusion-related adverse event. No patient experienced any grade toxicity. Encouraging preliminary outcome results were reported. Clinical response was registered in the majority of patients treated under therapeutic use authorization. CONCLUSIONS Our 10 years of experience with MSC(CB) described here provides valuable insights into the use of this innovative cell product in immune-mediated diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Montemurro
- Unit of Cellular and Gene Therapy, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy; (T.M.); (C.L.); (E.M.); (S.B.); (S.L.R.); (M.B.); (C.M.); (P.M.); (L.L.)
| | - Cristiana Lavazza
- Unit of Cellular and Gene Therapy, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy; (T.M.); (C.L.); (E.M.); (S.B.); (S.L.R.); (M.B.); (C.M.); (P.M.); (L.L.)
| | - Elisa Montelatici
- Unit of Cellular and Gene Therapy, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy; (T.M.); (C.L.); (E.M.); (S.B.); (S.L.R.); (M.B.); (C.M.); (P.M.); (L.L.)
| | - Silvia Budelli
- Unit of Cellular and Gene Therapy, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy; (T.M.); (C.L.); (E.M.); (S.B.); (S.L.R.); (M.B.); (C.M.); (P.M.); (L.L.)
| | - Salvatore La Rosa
- Unit of Cellular and Gene Therapy, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy; (T.M.); (C.L.); (E.M.); (S.B.); (S.L.R.); (M.B.); (C.M.); (P.M.); (L.L.)
| | - Mario Barilani
- Unit of Cellular and Gene Therapy, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy; (T.M.); (C.L.); (E.M.); (S.B.); (S.L.R.); (M.B.); (C.M.); (P.M.); (L.L.)
| | - Cecilia Mei
- Unit of Cellular and Gene Therapy, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy; (T.M.); (C.L.); (E.M.); (S.B.); (S.L.R.); (M.B.); (C.M.); (P.M.); (L.L.)
| | - Paolo Manzini
- Unit of Cellular and Gene Therapy, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy; (T.M.); (C.L.); (E.M.); (S.B.); (S.L.R.); (M.B.); (C.M.); (P.M.); (L.L.)
| | - Ilaria Ratti
- Milano Cord Blood Bank and Center of Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy; (I.R.); (S.C.); (M.B.); (D.P.)
| | - Silvia Cimoni
- Milano Cord Blood Bank and Center of Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy; (I.R.); (S.C.); (M.B.); (D.P.)
| | - Manuela Brasca
- Milano Cord Blood Bank and Center of Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy; (I.R.); (S.C.); (M.B.); (D.P.)
| | - Daniele Prati
- Milano Cord Blood Bank and Center of Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy; (I.R.); (S.C.); (M.B.); (D.P.)
| | - Giorgia Saporiti
- Bone Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Center, Hematology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Astori
- Laboratory of Advanced Cellular Therapies and Haematology Unit, San Bortolo Hospital, AULSS8 “Berica”, 36100 Vicenza, Italy; (G.A.); (F.E.)
| | - Francesca Elice
- Laboratory of Advanced Cellular Therapies and Haematology Unit, San Bortolo Hospital, AULSS8 “Berica”, 36100 Vicenza, Italy; (G.A.); (F.E.)
| | - Rosaria Giordano
- Unit of Cellular and Gene Therapy, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy; (T.M.); (C.L.); (E.M.); (S.B.); (S.L.R.); (M.B.); (C.M.); (P.M.); (L.L.)
| | - Lorenza Lazzari
- Unit of Cellular and Gene Therapy, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milano, Italy; (T.M.); (C.L.); (E.M.); (S.B.); (S.L.R.); (M.B.); (C.M.); (P.M.); (L.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
MacDonald T, Ryback B, da Silva Pereira JA, Wei S, Mendez B, Cai E, Ishikawa Y, Weir G, Bonner-Weir S, Kissler S, Yi P. Renalase inhibition regulates β cell metabolism to defend against acute and chronic stress. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.06.11.598322. [PMID: 38915698 PMCID: PMC11195134 DOI: 10.1101/2024.06.11.598322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Renalase (Rnls), annotated as an oxidase enzyme, is a GWAS gene associated with Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) risk. We previously discovered that Rnls inhibition delays diabetes onset in mouse models of T1D in vivo , and protects pancreatic β cells against autoimmune killing, ER and oxidative stress in vitro . The molecular biochemistry and functions of Rnls are entirely uncharted. Here we find that Rnls inhibition defends against loss of β cell mass and islet dysfunction in chronically stressed Akita mice in vivo . We used RNA sequencing, untargeted and targeted metabolomics and metabolic function experiments in mouse and human β cells and discovered a robust and conserved metabolic shift towards glycolysis, amino acid abundance and GSH synthesis to counter protein misfolding stress, in vitro . Our work illustrates a function for Rnls in mammalian cells, and suggests an axis by which manipulating intrinsic properties of β cells can rewire metabolism to protect against diabetogenic stress.
Collapse
|
3
|
Muhtadi R, Stewart S, Bunert F, Fatanmi OO, Wise SY, Gärtner C, Motzke S, Ruf C, Ostheim P, Schüle S, Schwanke D, Singh VK, Port M, Abend M. PUM1 and PGK1 are Favorable Housekeeping Genes over Established Biodosimetry-related Housekeeping Genes such as HPRT1, ITFG1, DPM1, MRPS5, 18S rRNA and Others after Radiation Exposure. Radiat Res 2024; 201:487-498. [PMID: 38471523 DOI: 10.1667/rade-23-00160.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
In gene expression (GE) studies, housekeeping genes (HKGs) are required for normalization purposes. In large-scale inter-laboratory comparison studies, significant differences in dose estimates are reported and divergent HKGs are employed by the teams. Among them, the 18S rRNA HKG is known for its robustness. However, the high abundance of 18S rRNA copy numbers requires dilution, which is time-consuming and a possible source of errors. This study was conducted to identify the most promising HKGs showing the least radiation-induced GE variance after radiation exposure. In the screening stage of this study, 35 HKGs were analyzed. This included selected HKGs (ITFG1, MRPS5, and DPM1) used in large-scale biodosimetry studies which were not covered on an additionally employed pre-designed 96-well platform comprising another 32 HKGs used for different exposures. Altogether 41 samples were examined, including 27 ex vivo X-ray irradiated blood samples (0, 0.5, 4 Gy), six X-irradiated samples (0, 0.5, 5 Gy) from two cell lines (U118, A549), as well as eight non-irradiated tissue samples to encompass multiple biological entities. In the independent validation stage, the most suitable candidate genes were examined from another 257 blood samples, taking advantage of already stored material originating from three studies. These comprise 100 blood samples from ex vivo X-ray irradiated (0-4 Gy) healthy donors, 68 blood samples from 5.8 Gy irradiated (cobalt-60) Rhesus macaques (RM) (LD29/60) collected 0-60 days postirradiation, and 89 blood samples from chemotherapy-(CTx) treated breast tumor patients. CTx and radiation-induced GE changes in previous studies appeared comparable. RNA was isolated, converted into cDNA, and GE was quantified employing TaqMan assays and quantitative RT-PCR. We calculated the standard deviation (SD) and the interquartile range (IQR) as measures of GE variance using raw cycle threshold (Ct) values and ranked the HKGs accordingly. Dose, time, age, and sex-dependent GE changes were examined employing the parametrical t-test and non-parametrical Kruskal Wallis test, as well as linear regression analysis. Generally, similar ranking results evolved using either SD or IQR GE measures of variance, indicating a tight distribution of GE values. PUM1 and PGK1 showed the lowest variance among the first ten most suitable genes in the screening phase. MRPL19 revealed low variance among the first ten most suitable genes in the screening phase only for blood and cells, but certain comparisons indicated a weak association of MRPL19 with dose (P = 0.02-0.09). In the validation phase, these results could be confirmed. Here, IQR Ct values from, e.g., X-irradiated blood samples were 0.6 raw Ct values for PUM1 and PGK1, which is considered to represent GE differences as expected due to methodological variance. Overall, when compared, the GE variance of both genes was either comparable or lower compared to 18S rRNA. Compared with the IQR GE values of PUM1 and PGKI, twofold-fivefold increased values were calculated for the biodosimetry HKG HPRT1, and comparable values were calculated for biodosimetry HKGs ITFG1, MRPS5, and DPM1. Significant dose-dependent associations were found for ITFG1 and MRPS5 (P = 0.001-0.07) and widely absent or weak (P = 0.02-0.07) for HPRT1 and DPM1. In summary, PUM1 and PGK1 appeared most promising for radiation exposure studies among the 35 HKGs examined, considering GE variance and adverse associations of GE with dose.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Muhtadi
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
- Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - S Stewart
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
- Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - F Bunert
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
- Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - O O Fatanmi
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814
| | - S Y Wise
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814
| | - C Gärtner
- Microfluidic ChipShop GmbH, Jena, Germany
| | - S Motzke
- Microfluidic ChipShop GmbH, Jena, Germany
| | - C Ruf
- Department of Urology, Federal Armed Services Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - P Ostheim
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - S Schüle
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - D Schwanke
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - V K Singh
- Division of Radioprotectants, Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, F. Edward Hébert School of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814
- Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland 20814
| | - M Port
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| | - M Abend
- Bundeswehr Institute of Radiobiology, Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Reynolds DE, Sun Y, Wang X, Vallapureddy P, Lim J, Pan M, Fernandez Del Castillo A, Carlson JCT, Sellmyer MA, Nasrallah M, Binder Z, O'Rourke DM, Ming G, Song H, Ko J. Live Organoid Cyclic Imaging. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2309289. [PMID: 38326078 PMCID: PMC11005682 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202309289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Organoids are becoming increasingly relevant in biology and medicine for their physiological complexity and accuracy in modeling human disease. To fully assess their biological profile while preserving their spatial information, spatiotemporal imaging tools are warranted. While previously developed imaging techniques, such as four-dimensional (4D) live imaging and light-sheet imaging have yielded important clinical insights, these technologies lack the combination of cyclic and multiplexed analysis. To address these challenges, bioorthogonal click chemistry is applied to display the first demonstration of multiplexed cyclic imaging of live and fixed patient-derived glioblastoma tumor organoids. This technology exploits bioorthogonal click chemistry to quench fluorescent signals from the surface and intracellular of labeled cells across multiple cycles, allowing for more accurate and efficient molecular profiling of their complex phenotypes. Herein, the versatility of this technology is demonstrated for the screening of glioblastoma markers in patient-derived human glioblastoma organoids while conserving their viability. It is anticipated that the findings and applications of this work can be broadly translated into investigating physiological developments in other organoid systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David E. Reynolds
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
| | - Yusha Sun
- Department of NeuroscienceMahoney Institute for NeurosciencesPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of NeuroscienceMahoney Institute for NeurosciencesPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
| | - Phoebe Vallapureddy
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
| | - Jianhua Lim
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
| | - Menghan Pan
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
| | - Andres Fernandez Del Castillo
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular BiophysicsPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
| | - Jonathan C. T. Carlson
- Center for Systems BiologyMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMA02114USA
- Department of MedicineMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02114USA
| | - Mark A. Sellmyer
- Department of RadiologyPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
| | - MacLean Nasrallah
- GBM Translational Center of ExcellenceAbramson Cancer CenterUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
| | - Zev Binder
- GBM Translational Center of ExcellenceAbramson Cancer CenterUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
- Center for Cellular ImmunotherapiesUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
- Department of NeurosurgeryPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
| | - Donald M. O'Rourke
- GBM Translational Center of ExcellenceAbramson Cancer CenterUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
- Center for Cellular ImmunotherapiesUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
- Department of NeurosurgeryPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
| | - Guo‐li Ming
- Department of NeuroscienceMahoney Institute for NeurosciencesPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
- Department of PsychiatryPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
- Institute for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
| | - Hongjun Song
- Department of NeuroscienceMahoney Institute for NeurosciencesPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
- GBM Translational Center of ExcellenceAbramson Cancer CenterUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental BiologyPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
- Department of PsychiatryPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
- The Epigenetics InstitutePerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
| | - Jina Ko
- Department of BioengineeringUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA19104USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kometani T, Kamo K, Kido T, Hiraoka N, Chibazakura T, Unno K, Sekine K. Development of a novel co-culture system using human pancreatic cancer cells and human iPSC-derived stellate cells to mimic the characteristics of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in vitro. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 658:1-9. [PMID: 37004297 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.03.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a serious disease with poor prognosis and prone to chemotherapy resistance. It is speculated that the tumor microenvironment (TME) of PDAC contributes to these characteristics. However, the detailed mechanisms of interactions between pancreatic cancer cells and stroma in the TME are unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to establish a co-culture system that mimics the TME, using cancer cells derived from PDAC patient specimens and stellate cells from human induced pluripotent stem cells as stromal cells. We succeeded in observing the interaction between cancer cells and stellate cells and reproduced some features of PDAC in vitro using our co-culture systems. In addition, we demonstrated the applicability of our co-culture system for drug treatment in vitro. To conclude, we propose our co-culture system as a novel method to analyze cell-cell interactions, especially in the TME of PDAC.
Collapse
|
6
|
Guaita-Cespedes M, Grillo-Risco R, Hidalgo MR, Fernández-Veledo S, Burks DJ, de la Iglesia-Vayá M, Galán A, Garcia-Garcia F. Deciphering the sex bias in housekeeping gene expression in adipose tissue: a comprehensive meta-analysis of transcriptomic studies. Biol Sex Differ 2023; 14:20. [PMID: 37072826 PMCID: PMC10114345 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-023-00506-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the housekeeping genes (HKG) generally involved in maintaining essential cell functions are typically assumed to exhibit constant expression levels across cell types, they are commonly employed as internal controls in gene expression studies. Nevertheless, HKG may vary gene expression profile according to different variables introducing systematic errors into experimental results. Sex bias can indeed affect expression display, however, up to date, sex has not been typically considered as a biological variable. METHODS In this study, we evaluate the expression profiles of six classical housekeeping genes (four metabolic: GAPDH, HPRT, PPIA, and UBC, and two ribosomal: 18S and RPL19) to determine expression stability in adipose tissues (AT) of Homo sapiens and Mus musculus and check sex bias and their overall suitability as internal controls. We also assess the expression stability of all genes included in distinct whole-transcriptome microarrays available from the Gene Expression Omnibus database to identify sex-unbiased housekeeping genes (suHKG) suitable for use as internal controls. We perform a novel computational strategy based on meta-analysis techniques to identify any sexual dimorphisms in mRNA expression stability in AT and to properly validate potential candidates. RESULTS Just above half of the considered studies informed properly about the sex of the human samples, however, not enough female mouse samples were found to be included in this analysis. We found differences in the HKG expression stability in humans between female and male samples, with females presenting greater instability. We propose a suHKG signature including experimentally validated classical HKG like PPIA and RPL19 and novel potential markers for human AT and discarding others like the extensively used 18S gene due to a sex-based variability display in adipose tissue. Orthologs have also been assayed and proposed for mouse WAT suHKG signature. All results generated during this study are readily available by accessing an open web resource ( https://bioinfo.cipf.es/metafun-HKG ) for consultation and reuse in further studies. CONCLUSIONS This sex-based research proves that certain classical housekeeping genes fail to function adequately as controls when analyzing human adipose tissue considering sex as a variable. We confirm RPL19 and PPIA suitability as sex-unbiased human and mouse housekeeping genes derived from sex-specific expression profiles, and propose new ones such as RPS8 and UBB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Guaita-Cespedes
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Unit, Principe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), C/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera, 3, 46012, Valencia, Spain
- Hematology Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe (IIS La Fe), 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rubén Grillo-Risco
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Unit, Principe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), C/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera, 3, 46012, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marta R Hidalgo
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Unit, Principe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), C/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera, 3, 46012, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sonia Fernández-Veledo
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition and Research Unit, University Hospital of Tarragona Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigaciò Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Deborah Jane Burks
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Laboratory, Principe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), C/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera, 3, 46012, Valencia, Spain
| | - María de la Iglesia-Vayá
- Imaging Unit FISABIO-CIPF, Fundación Para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunidad Valenciana, 46012, Valencia, Spain
| | - Amparo Galán
- CIBER de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- Molecular Neuroendocrinology Laboratory, Principe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), C/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera, 3, 46012, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Francisco Garcia-Garcia
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Unit, Principe Felipe Research Center (CIPF), C/ Eduardo Primo Yúfera, 3, 46012, Valencia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|