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Liu F, Yu H, Xu Q, Gong J, Huo M, Huang F. Risk Assessment of Falls Among Older Adults Based on Probe Reaction Time During Water-Carrying Walking. Clin Interv Aging 2024; 19:21-29. [PMID: 38204962 PMCID: PMC10777860 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s438904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Falls are a significant factor affecting the health of older adults and are closely related to cognitive function. Adopting an effective method to evaluate the risk of falls in older adults is essential for improving their healthcare. This study combined cognitive and motor functions to determine a reliable probe reaction time during water-carrying walking. Patients and Methods We divided 100 community-dwelling older adults (aged 65 years and over) into two groups according to their fall history: the fall group and no-fall group. All subjects were tested on fall tasks using the timed up-and-go (TUG) test, 10-m walk timing test, trail marking test part-A (TMT-A), and water-carrying walking probe reaction time (P-RT). Results The fall group showed slower walking speeds and longer TUG, TMT-A, and P-RT times than the no-fall group. In the logistic regression analysis with falls as the dependent variable, water-carrying walking P-RT was identified as a useful factor, and the cut-off value of the water-carrying walking P-RT was 454 ms, which was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic curve. Conclusion The P-RT of the water-carrying walking test was found to be credible and useful for evaluating the fall risk in older adults. Therefore, it is recommended that the P-RT-based dual-task be used as a predictive indicator of future falls in the older population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Liu
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huan Yu
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Xu
- Yaitai Hospital, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianwei Gong
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming Huo
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
- Beijing Chaoyang Sanhuan Cancer Hospital, Beijing, 100122, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Huang
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, People’s Republic of China
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, People’s Republic of China
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Marusic U, Peskar M, Šömen MM, Kalc M, Holobar A, Gramann K, Wollesen B, Wunderlich A, Michel C, Miladinović A, Catalan M, Buoite Stella A, Ajcevic M, Manganotti P. Neuromuscular assessment of force development, postural, and gait performance under cognitive-motor dual-tasking in healthy older adults and people with early Parkinson's disease: Study protocol for a cross-sectional Mobile Brain/Body Imaging (MoBI) study. OPEN RESEARCH EUROPE 2023; 3:58. [PMID: 38009088 PMCID: PMC10674089 DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.15781.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Background Neuromuscular dysfunction is common in older adults and more pronounced in neurodegenerative diseases. In Parkinson's disease (PD), a complex set of factors often prevents the effective performance of activities of daily living that require intact and simultaneous performance of the motor and cognitive tasks. Methods The cross-sectional study includes a multifactorial mixed-measure design. Between-subject factor grouping the sample will be Parkinson's Disease (early PD vs. healthy). The within-subject factors will be the task complexity (single- vs. dual-task) in each motor activity, i.e., overground walking, semi-tandem stance, and isometric knee extension, and a walking condition (wide vs. narrow lane) will be implemented for the overground walking activity only. To study dual-task (DT) effects, in each motor activity participants will be given a secondary cognitive task, i.e., a visual discrimination task for the overground walking, an attention task for the semi-tandem, and mental arithmetic for the isometric extension. Analyses of DT effects and underlying neuronal correlates will focus on both gait and cognitive performance where applicable. Based on an a priori sample size calculation, a total N = 42 older adults (55-75 years) will be recruited. Disease-specific changes such as laterality in motor unit behavior and cortical control of movement will be studied with high-density surface electromyography and electroencephalography during static and dynamic motor activities, together with whole-body kinematics. Discussion This study will be one of the first to holistically address early PD neurophysiological and neuromuscular patterns in an ecologically valid environment under cognitive-motor DT conditions of different complexities. The outcomes of the study aim to identify the biomarker for early PD either at the electrophysiological, muscular or kinematic level or in the communication between these systems. Clinical Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.Gov, NCT05477654. This study was approved by the Medical Ethical Committee (106/2021).
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Affiliation(s)
- Uros Marusic
- Science and Research Centre Koper, Institute for Kinesiology Research, Koper, Slovenia
- Department of Health Sciences, Alma Mater Europaea Evropski Center Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Manca Peskar
- Science and Research Centre Koper, Institute for Kinesiology Research, Koper, Slovenia
- Department of Psychology and Ergonomics, Faculty V: Mechanical Engineering and Transport Systems, Technische Universitat Berlin, Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maja Maša Šömen
- Science and Research Centre Koper, Institute for Kinesiology Research, Koper, Slovenia
- Faculty of Arts, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Miloš Kalc
- Science and Research Centre Koper, Institute for Kinesiology Research, Koper, Slovenia
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Ales Holobar
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
| | - Klaus Gramann
- Department of Psychology and Ergonomics, Faculty V: Mechanical Engineering and Transport Systems, Technische Universitat Berlin, Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bettina Wollesen
- Department of Psychology and Ergonomics, Faculty V: Mechanical Engineering and Transport Systems, Technische Universitat Berlin, Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Faculty of Psychology and Human Movement, University Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anna Wunderlich
- Department of Psychology and Ergonomics, Faculty V: Mechanical Engineering and Transport Systems, Technische Universitat Berlin, Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Michel
- Functional Brain Mapping Lab, Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Mauro Catalan
- Clinical Unit of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alex Buoite Stella
- Clinical Unit of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Milos Ajcevic
- Clinical Unit of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Paolo Manganotti
- Clinical Unit of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Surgery, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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Padulo J, Rampichini S, Borrelli M, Buono DM, Doria C, Esposito F. Gait Variability at Different Walking Speeds. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2023; 8:158. [PMID: 37987494 PMCID: PMC10660777 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk8040158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Gait variability (GV) is a crucial measure of inconsistency of muscular activities or body segmental movements during repeated tasks. Hence, GV might serve as a relevant and sensitive measure to quantify adjustments of walking control. However, it has not been clarified whether GV is associated with walking speed, a clarification needed to exploit effective better bilateral coordination level. For this aim, fourteen male students (age 22.4 ± 2.7 years, body mass 74.9 ± 6.8 kg, and body height 1.78 ± 0.05 m) took part in this study. After three days of walking 1 km each day at a self-selected speed (SS) on asphalt with an Apple Watch S. 7 (AppleTM, Cupertino, CA, USA), the participants were randomly evaluated on a treadmill at three different walking speed intensities for 10 min at each one, SS - 20%/SS + 20%/ SS, with 5 min of passive recovery in-between. Heart rate (HR) was monitored and normalized as %HRmax, while the rate of perceived exertion (RPE) (CR-10 scale) was asked after each trial. Kinematic analysis was performed, assessing the Contact Time (CT), Swing Time (ST), Stride Length (SL), Stride Cycle (SC), and Gait Variability as Phase Coordination Index (PCI). RPE and HR increased as the walking speed increased (p = 0.005 and p = 0.035, respectively). CT and SC decreased as the speed increased (p = 0.0001 and p = 0.013, respectively), while ST remained unchanged (p = 0.277). SL increased with higher walking speed (p = 0.0001). Conversely, PCI was 3.81 ± 0.88% (high variability) at 3.96 ± 0.47 km·h-1, 2.64 ± 0.75% (low variability) at SS (4.94 ± 0.58 km·h-1), and 3.36 ± 1.09% (high variability) at 5.94 ± 0.70 km·h-1 (p = 0.001). These results indicate that while the metabolic demand and kinematics variables change linearly with increasing speed, the most effective GV was observed at SS. Therefore, SS could be a new methodological approach to choose the individual walking speed, normalize the speed intensity, and avoid a gait pattern alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johnny Padulo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health (SCIBIS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.R.); (M.B.); (D.M.B.); (C.D.); (F.E.)
| | - Susanna Rampichini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health (SCIBIS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.R.); (M.B.); (D.M.B.); (C.D.); (F.E.)
| | - Marta Borrelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health (SCIBIS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.R.); (M.B.); (D.M.B.); (C.D.); (F.E.)
| | - Daniel Maria Buono
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health (SCIBIS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.R.); (M.B.); (D.M.B.); (C.D.); (F.E.)
| | - Christian Doria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health (SCIBIS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.R.); (M.B.); (D.M.B.); (C.D.); (F.E.)
| | - Fabio Esposito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health (SCIBIS), Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (S.R.); (M.B.); (D.M.B.); (C.D.); (F.E.)
- IRCCS Galeazzi Orthopedic Institute, 20161 Milan, Italy
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Freitag CW, Behrens M, Menrad T, Al-Nosairy KO, Stolle FH, Prabhakaran GT, Beyer R, Thieme H, Hoffmann MB, Schega L. Single- and Dual-Task Gait Performance in Patients With Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Cross-sectional Study. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2023; 12:31. [PMID: 38015169 PMCID: PMC10691400 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.12.11.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate gait kinematics during single- and dual-task walking in glaucoma patients compared with healthy controls. Methods Nineteen glaucoma patients (10 females, 9 males) and 30 healthy controls (17 females, 13 males) participated in this cross-sectional study. Spatiotemporal gait parameters (e.g., stride length, velocity, minimum toe clearance [MTC]) were assessed using inertial measurement units (sampling frequency 100 Hz) during single-task walking and dual-task walking at a comfortable velocity. During dual-task walking, participants walked and concurrently performed different cognitive tasks in a random order: (i) reaction time task, (ii) N-Back-task, and (iii) letter fluency task with two difficulty levels, respectively. Repeated measures analyses of covariance (Group × Condition) were conducted to analyze the data. Results A significant effect of group was found for the coefficient of variation (CoV) of the MTC, F(1,39) = 4.504, P = 0.040, \({\rm{\eta }}_{\rm{p}}^2\) = 0.104, with higher values in glaucoma patients. Based on the effect sizes, a main effect of group was also found for the MTC, F(1,39) = 2.668, P = 0.110, \({\rm{\eta }}_{\rm{p}}^2\) = 0.064, and the MTCCoV dual-task costs, F(1,38) = 3.225, P = 0.08, \({\rm{\eta }}_{\rm{p}}^2\) = 0.078, which was lower and higher, respectively, in glaucoma patients. Conclusions The present study revealed a significantly higher MTC variability as well as medium effect sizes for a lower MTC and higher MTC dual-task costs in glaucoma patients compared with healthy controls, which might be related to a higher risk of falling owing to tripping. Translational Relevance The minimum toe clearance might mirror disease-related changes in walking performance and might have prognostic value for assessing fall risk in glaucoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantin W. Freitag
- Department of Health and Physical Activity, Institute III, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Martin Behrens
- University of Applied Sciences for Sport and Management Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Thorben Menrad
- Department of Health and Physical Activity, Institute III, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Khaldoon O. Al-Nosairy
- Section for Clinical and Experimental Sensory Physiology, Ophthalmic Department, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Francie H. Stolle
- Section for Clinical and Experimental Sensory Physiology, Ophthalmic Department, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Gokulraj T. Prabhakaran
- Section for Clinical and Experimental Sensory Physiology, Ophthalmic Department, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Rosalie Beyer
- Section for Clinical and Experimental Sensory Physiology, Ophthalmic Department, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hagen Thieme
- Section for Clinical and Experimental Sensory Physiology, Ophthalmic Department, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael B. Hoffmann
- Section for Clinical and Experimental Sensory Physiology, Ophthalmic Department, University Hospital Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Research, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Lutz Schega
- Department of Health and Physical Activity, Institute III, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
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Hennah C, Doumas M. Dual-task walking on real-world surfaces: Adaptive changes in walking speed, step width and step height in young and older adults. Exp Gerontol 2023; 177:112200. [PMID: 37160198 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Age-related changes in dual-task walking are well established, but research in this topic is based on evidence from laboratory rather than real-world studies. We investigated how dual-task walking on real-world surfaces affects young and older adults' gait characteristics and cognitive resource allocation. METHOD Sixteen young (aged 19-35, 12 female) and fifteen older adults (aged 70-85, 7 female) with no major neurological or musculoskeletal disorders walked at a self-selected speed on forty-metre outdoor paths that had asphalt or grass surface. They walked with or without a cognitive task (counting backwards). Cognitive task difficulty was individually adjusted at 80 % accuracy. Participants performed the three tasks in Single Task (ST Asphalt, ST Grass, ST Cognitive) and Dual Task context (DT Asphalt-Cognitive, DT Grass-Cognitive). RESULTS The two groups showed similar dual task effects in cognition and walking speed, both of which were slower when dual-task walking. Older adults' steps were wider overall but only young adults widened their step width when dual-task walking on grass compared to asphalt. Similarly, young adults' step height increased from single to dual-task walking when on grass, where older adults' did not. DISCUSSION The lack of adaptation of step width and height when dual-task walking may leave older adults vulnerable to tripping or falling in common real-world conditions, such as while walking on grass, gravel, or uneven city sidewalks. Considering this, the built environment should be made more accessible to facilitate older adults' safe walking.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michail Doumas
- School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
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Silva LWND, Moura VTGD, Leal IDS, Nascimento MDM, Trombini-Souza F. Is foot clearance influenced by different types of dual task in once-only faller community-dwelling older adults? Gait Posture 2023; 103:27-31. [PMID: 37084625 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tripping is one of the main causes of falls in older adults and has an important association with minimum toe clearance (MTC). MTC variability while performing alternating (ADT) or concurrent (CDT) dual-task activities may be a useful gait parameter to differentiate once-only fallers from non-faller older adults. RESEARCH QUESTION Is the MTC variability influenced by ADT and CDT in once-only faller community-dwelling older adults? METHODS Twenty-two community-dwelling older adults with a self-report of up to one fall in the last 12 months were allocated to the fallers group and 38 to the non-fallers group. Gait data were collected by two foot-worn inertial sensors (Physilog® 5, GaitUp, Lausanne, Switzerland). MTC mean magnitude and variability, as well as the stride-to-stride variability, stride time and length, lower limb peak angular velocity, and foot forward linear speed at the MTC instant, were calculated across approximately 50 gait cycles for each participant and condition using the GaitUp Analyzer software (GaitUp, Lausanne, Switzerland). The statistical analyzes were performed in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), v.22.0, using generalized mixed linear models, adopting an alpha of 5%. RESULTS AND SIGNIFICANCE No interaction effect was observed; however, faller participants reduced the MTC variability (standard deviation) [(mean difference, MD = -0.099 cm; confidence interval, 95%CI = -0.183 to -0.015)], regardless of the condition. CDT compared to a single task (only gait) reduced the mean magnitude of the foot forward linear speed (MD=-0.264 m/s; 95%CI=-0.462 to -0.067), peak angular velocity (MD = -25.205 degrees/s; 95%CI = -45.507 to -4.904), and gait speed (MD = -0.104 m/s; 95%CI = -0.179 to -0.029), regardless of the group. These results suggest that MTC variability, regardless of condition, may be a promising gait parameter to differentiate once-only faller community-dwelling older adults from non-fallers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Iara Dos Santos Leal
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Pernambuco, Petrolina, PE, Brazil; Master's and Doctoral Programs in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, University of Pernambuco, Petrolina, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Francis Trombini-Souza
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Pernambuco, Petrolina, PE, Brazil; Master's and Doctoral Programs in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, University of Pernambuco, Petrolina, PE, Brazil.
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Small GH, Molina LK, Neptune RR. The influence of altered foot placement and cognitive load on balance control during walking in healthy young adults. Gait Posture 2023; 103:37-43. [PMID: 37084627 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical populations often walk with altered foot placement, which can adversely affect balance control. However, it is unknown how balance control during walking is influenced when combining a cognitive load with altered foot placement. RESEARCH QUESTION Is balance control during walking adversely affected by the combination of a more complex motor task, such as walking with altered foot placements, with a cognitive load? METHODS Fifteen young healthy adults walked on a treadmill with and without a spelling cognitive load during normal walking, with step width targets (self-selected width, narrow, wide and extra wide), or with step length targets (self-selected length, short and long). RESULTS Cognitive performance, measured by correct spelling response rate, decreased from self-selected (2.407 ± 0.6 letters/s) to the extra wide width (2.011 ± 0.5 letters/s). The addition of the cognitive load caused a decrease in frontal plane balance control across all step lengths (15% change) and at the wider step widths (16% change), but only caused a slight decrease in the sagittal plane for the short step length (6.8% change). SIGNIFICANCE These results suggest that when combining a cognitive load with walking at non-self-selected widths, a threshold exists at wider steps where attentional resources become insufficient and balance control and cognitive performance decrease. Because decreased balance control increases the risk of falling, these results have implications for clinical populations who often walk with wider steps. Furthermore, the lack of changes to sagittal plane balance during altered step length dual-tasks further supports that frontal plane balance requires more active control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella H Small
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Lindsey K Molina
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Richard R Neptune
- Walker Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
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Huang CY, Chen YA, Wu RM, Hwang IS. Dual-task walking improvement with enhanced kinesthetic awareness in Parkinson’s disease with mild gait impairment: EEG connectivity and clinical implication. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:1041378. [DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.1041378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to basal ganglia dysfunction, short step length is a common gait impairment in Parkinson’s disease (PD), especially in a dual-task walking. Here, we use electroencephalography (EEG) functional connectivity to investigate neural mechanisms of a stride awareness strategy that could improve dual-task walking in PD. Eighteen individuals with PD who had mild gait impairment walked at self-paced speed while keeping two interlocking rings from touching each other. During the dual-task walking trial, the participants received or did not receive awareness instruction to take big steps. Gait parameters, ring-touching time, and EEG connectivity in the alpha and beta bands were analyzed. With stride awareness, individuals with PD exhibited greater gait velocity and step length, along with a significantly lower mean EEG connectivity strength in the beta band. The awareness-related changes in the EEG connectivity strength of the beta band positively correlated with the awareness-related changes in gait velocity, cadence, and step length, but negatively correlated with the awareness-related change in step-length variability. The smaller reduction in beta connectivity strength was associated with greater improvement in locomotion control with stride awareness. This study is the first to reveal that a stride awareness strategy modulates the beta band oscillatory network and is related to walking efficacy in individuals with PD in a dual-task condition.
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Pronina MV, Ponomarev VA, Kropotov YD. Effect of Task Complexity on the Post-Movement Beta Synchronization in the Sensorimotor Cortex. J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093022060199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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10
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Beam width and arm position but not cognitive task affect walking balance in older adults. Sci Rep 2022; 12:6854. [PMID: 35477729 PMCID: PMC9046185 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10848-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Detection of changes in dynamic balance could help identify older adults at fall risk. Walking on a narrow beam with its width, cognitive load, and arm position manipulated could be an alternative to current tests. Therefore, we examined additive and interactive effects of beam width, cognitive task (CT), and arm position on dynamic balance during beam walking in older adults. Twenty older adults (69 ± 4y) walked on 6, 8, and 10-cm wide beams (2-cm high, 4-m-long), with and without CT, with three arm positions (free, crossed, akimbo). We determined cognitive errors, distance walked, step speed, root mean square (RMS) of center of mass (COM) displacement and trunk acceleration in the frontal plane. Beam width decrease progressively reduced distance walked and increased trunk acceleration RMS. Step speed decreased on the narrowest beam and with CT. Arm crossing decreased distance walked and step speed. COM displacement RMS and cognitive errors were not affected by any manipulation. In conclusion, distance walked indicated that beam width and arm position, but less so CT, affected dynamic balance, implying that beam walking has the potential to become a test of fall risk. Stability measurements suggested effective trunk adjustments to control COM position and keep dynamic balance during the task.
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