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Chaudhary S, Ali Z, Mahfouz M. Molecular farming for sustainable production of clinical-grade antimicrobial peptides. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024; 22:2282-2300. [PMID: 38685599 PMCID: PMC11258990 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are emerging as next-generation therapeutics due to their broad-spectrum activity against drug-resistant bacterial strains and their ability to eradicate biofilms, modulate immune responses, exert anti-inflammatory effects and improve disease management. They are produced through solid-phase peptide synthesis or in bacterial or yeast cells. Molecular farming, i.e. the production of biologics in plants, offers a low-cost, non-toxic, scalable and simple alternative platform to produce AMPs at a sustainable cost. In this review, we discuss the advantages of molecular farming for producing clinical-grade AMPs, advances in expression and purification systems and the cost advantage for industrial-scale production. We further review how 'green' production is filling the sustainability gap, streamlining patent and regulatory approvals and enabling successful clinical translations that demonstrate the future potential of AMPs produced by molecular farming. Finally, we discuss the regulatory challenges that need to be addressed to fully realize the potential of molecular farming-based AMP production for therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Chaudhary
- Laboratory for Genome Engineering and Synthetic Biology, Division of Biological Sciences4700 King Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwalSaudi Arabia
| | - Zahir Ali
- Laboratory for Genome Engineering and Synthetic Biology, Division of Biological Sciences4700 King Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwalSaudi Arabia
| | - Magdy Mahfouz
- Laboratory for Genome Engineering and Synthetic Biology, Division of Biological Sciences4700 King Abdullah University of Science and TechnologyThuwalSaudi Arabia
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Desmond A, Cotter L, Field D, O'Halloran F. Investigating the antimicrobial potential of bovine lactoferrin against the neonatal pathogen, Staphylococcus capitis. Lett Appl Microbiol 2024; 77:ovae068. [PMID: 39009015 DOI: 10.1093/lambio/ovae068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Lactoferrin is an antimicrobial glycoprotein that demonstrates a broad-spectrum of activity against a wide variety of clinical pathogens. This study investigated the potential of bovine lactoferrin (bLf) against multidrug resistant Staphylococcus capitis (S. capitis) strains. Growth curve analysis and time-kill curves demonstrated that at 750 µg ml-1 lactoferrin significantly inhibited (50.6%, P < 0.05) the growth of most isolates tested (90%), and this effect was based on a bacteriostatic mechanism. At the same concentration, bLf also significantly inhibited (30%, P < 0.05) biofilm formation in 40% of strains tested. Combinations of bLf with selected antibiotics were assessed for enhanced antimicrobial activity using growth curves. BLf combined with β-lactam antibiotics reduced the growth of S. capitis strains, however, the effects were not significant. BLf displays antimicrobial effects against multidrug resistant S. capitis isolates, but with strain-specific effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Desmond
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland
| | - Lesley Cotter
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland
| | - Des Field
- School of Microbiology, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, T12 YN60 Cork, Ireland
| | - Fiona O'Halloran
- Department of Biological Sciences, Munster Technological University, T12 P928 Cork, Ireland
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Kang N, Thuy LT, Dongquoc V, Choi JS. Conjugation of Short Oligopeptides to a Second-Generation Polyamidoamine Dendrimer Shows Antibacterial Activity. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15031005. [PMID: 36986864 PMCID: PMC10053621 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15031005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The growing evolution of bacterial resistance to antibiotics represents a global issue that not only impacts healthcare systems but also political and economic processes. This necessitates the development of novel antibacterial agents. Antimicrobial peptides have shown promise in this regard. Thus, in this study, a new functional polymer was synthesized by joining a short oligopeptide sequence (Phe-Lys-Phe-Leu, FKFL) to the surface of a second-generation polyamidoamine (G2 PAMAM) dendrimer as an antibacterial component. This method of synthesis proved simple and resulted in a high conjugation yield of the product FKFL-G2. To determine its antibacterial potential, FKFL-G2 was subsequently analyzed via mass spectrometry, a cytotoxicity assay, bacterial growth assay, colony-forming unit assay, membrane permeabilization assay, transmission electron microscopy, and biofilm formation assay. FKFL-G2 was found to exhibit low toxicity to noncancerous NIH3T3 cells. Additionally, FKFL-G2 had an antibacterial effect on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus strains by interacting with and disrupting the bacterial cell membrane. Based on these findings, FKFL-G2 shows promise as a potential antibacterial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namyoung Kang
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Le Thi Thuy
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Viet Dongquoc
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Sig Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
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Einerhand AWC, van Loo-Bouwman CA, Weiss GA, Wang C, Ba G, Fan Q, He B, Smit G. Can Lactoferrin, a Natural Mammalian Milk Protein, Assist in the Battle against COVID-19? Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14245274. [PMID: 36558432 PMCID: PMC9782828 DOI: 10.3390/nu14245274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Notwithstanding mass vaccination against specific SARS-CoV-2 variants, there is still a demand for complementary nutritional intervention strategies to fight COVID-19. The bovine milk protein lactoferrin (LF) has attracted interest of nutraceutical, food and dairy industries for its numerous properties-ranging from anti-viral and anti-microbial to immunological-making it a potential functional ingredient in a wide variety of food applications to maintain health. Importantly, bovine LF was found to exert anti-viral activities against several types of viruses, including certain SARS-CoV-2 variants. LF's potential effect on COVID-19 patients has seen a rapid increase of in vitro and in vivo studies published, resulting in a model on how LF might play a role during different phases of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Aim of this narrative review is two-fold: (1) to highlight the most relevant findings concerning LF's anti-viral, anti-microbial, iron-binding, immunomodulatory, microbiota-modulatory and intestinal barrier properties that support health of the two most affected organs in COVID-19 patients (lungs and gut), and (2) to explore the possible underlying mechanisms governing its mode of action. Thanks to its potential effects on health, bovine LF can be considered a good candidate for nutritional interventions counteracting SARS-CoV-2 infection and related COVID-19 pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Caiyun Wang
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010110, China
| | - Genna Ba
- Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010110, China
| | - Qicheng Fan
- Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010110, China
| | - Baoping He
- Inner Mongolia Yili Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010110, China
| | - Gerrit Smit
- Yili Innovation Center Europe, 6708 WH Wageningen, The Netherlands
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Lactoferrin-Chitosan-TPP Nanoparticles: Antibacterial Action and Extension of Strawberry Shelf-Life. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-022-02927-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Xu Y, Wang Y, He J, Zhu W. Antibacterial properties of lactoferrin: A bibliometric analysis from 2000 to early 2022. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:947102. [PMID: 36060777 PMCID: PMC9428516 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.947102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundHere, a bibliometric and knowledge map analysis are used to analyze the research hot spots and development trends regarding the antibacterial effect of lactoferrin (LF). By looking for research hot spots and new topics, we provide new clues and research directions for future research.MethodsArticles and reviews regarding the antibacterial effect of LF were retrieved and from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) on 25 June 2022. CiteSpace and VOSviewer were used to conduct the bibliometric and knowledge map analysis.ResultsIn total, 8,292 authors at 2,151 institutions from 86 countries published 1,923 articles in 770 academic journals. The United States was the leader regarding research on the antibacterial effects of LF, while the Netherlands was a pioneer in conducting research in this field. The University of California system contributed the most publications. Bolscher JGM published most articles, while Wayne Bellamy had most cocitations. However, there was insufficient cooperation among the various institutions and authors. BioMetals published most LF-antibacterial activity-related articles, whereas Infection and Immunity was most commonly cocited journal. The most influential research hot spots about the antibacterial effect of LF focused on antimicrobial peptides, casein, human milk, expression, and Escherichia coli-related research. The latest hot spots and research frontier included COVID-19, antibiofilm activity, and immune defense.ConclusionsLF is a multifunctional protein with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activities. The related field of antibacterial properties of LF will remain a research hot spot in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunling Xu
- Department of Basic Medical, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuji Wang
- Department of Basic Medical, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaolong He
- Department of Intensive Care, First Affiliated Hospital of Jishou University, Jishou, China
- *Correspondence: Jiaolong He
| | - Wanping Zhu
- Department of Basic Medical, Zhejiang Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Wanping Zhu
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